Chapter II: Dark Days of Cricket

If American parents will take the time to read what the Reverend James Pycroft says in Chapter VI of his Cricket Field, which we have taken the liberty of quoting in full, it may give them food for thought. It was the good fortune of the writer to read this delightful book early in life, and he has quoted from it whenever he found it possible, and begs to acknowledge numerous obligations, for it has had much bearing upon his own conclusions.

“CHAP. VI.

A DARK CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF CRICKET.

The lovers of cricket may congratulate themselves at the present
day that matches are made at cricket, as at chess, rather for
love and the honor of victory than for money.

It is now many years since Lord’s was frequented by men with
book and pencil, betting as openly and professionally as in the
ring at Epsom, and ready to deal in the odds with any and every
person of speculative propensities. Far less satisfactory was
the state of things with which Lord F. Beauclerk and Mr. Ward
had to contend, to say nothing of the earlier days of the Earl
of Winchelsea and Sir Horace Mann. As to the latter period, ‘Old
Nyren’ bewails its evil doings. He speaks of one who had ‘the
trouble of proving himself a rogue,’ and also of ‘the legs
at Marylebone,’ who tried, for once in vain, to corrupt some
primitive specimens of Hambledon innocence. He says, also, the
grand matches of his day were always made for 500_l._ a side.
Add to this the fact that the bets were in proportion, that Jim
and Joe Bland, of turf notoriety, Dick Whitlom, of Covent Garden,
Simpson, a gaming house keeper, and Toll, of Isher, as regularly
attended at a match as Crockford and Gully at Epson and Ascot;
and the idea that all the Surrey and Hampshire rustics should
either want or resist strong temptations to sell is not to be
entertained for a moment. The constant habit of betting will take
the honesty out of any man. A half-crown sweepstakes, or betting
such odds as lady’s long kids to gentleman’s short ditto, is all
very fair sport; but if a man after years of high betting can
still preserve the fine edge and tone of honest feeling, he is
indeed a wonder. To bet on a certainty must be very bad moral
practice.

‘If gentlemen wanted to bet,’ said Beldham, ‘just under the
pavileon sat men ready with money down to give and take the
current odds, and by far the best men to bet with, because if
they lost it was all in the way of business: they paid their
money and did not grumble.’ Still they had all sorts of tricks
to make their betting safe. ‘One artifice,’ said Mr. Ward, ‘was
to keep a player out of the way by a false report that his wife
was dead.’ Then these men would come down to the Green Man and
Still, and drink with us, and always said that those who backed
us, or ‘the nobs,’ as they called them, sold the matches: and so,
sir, as you are going the round beating up the quarters of the
old players, you will find some to persuade you this is true. But
don’t believe it. That any gentleman, in my day, ever put himself
into the power of these blacklegs by selling matches, I can’t
credit. Still, one day I thought I would try how far these tales
were true. So, going down into Kent with ‘one of high degree,’ he
said to me, ‘Will if this match is won, I lose a hundred pounds.’
‘Well,’ said I, ‘my Lord, you and I could order that.’ He smiled
as if nothing were meant, and talked of something else; and, as
luck would have it, he and I were in together, and brought up the
score between us, though every run seemed to me like ‘a guinea
out of his Lordship’s pocket.’

In those days foot races were very common. Lord Frederick and
Mr. Budd were first-rate runners, and bets were freely laid. So,
one day, old Fennex laid a trap for the gentlemen: he brought
up to act the part of some silly conceited youngster, with his
pockets full of money, a first-rate runner out of Hartfordshire.
This soft young gentleman ran a match or two with some known
third-rate men, and seemed to win by a neck, and no space to
spare. Then he calls out, ‘I’ll run any man on the ground for
25_l._, money down.’ A match was quickly made, and money laid on
pretty thick on Fennex’s account. Some said, ‘Too bad to win of
such a green young fellow;’ others said, ‘He’s old enough--serve
him right.’ So the laugh was finely against those who were taken
in; ‘the green one’ ran away like a hare!

Illustration: No. 2--PREPARED TO DRIVE “OFF.”

It is the unexpected which occurs in life as well as in
cricket, therefore do not anticipate the movements of your
antagonist but let your actions be governed by developments.

‘You see, sir,’ said one fine old man, with brilliant eye and
quickness of movement, that showed his right hand had not yet
forgot its cunning, ‘matches were bought, and matches were sold,
and gentlemen who meant honestly lost large sums of money, till
the rogues beat themselves at last. They overdid it; they spoilt
their own trade; and, as I told one of them, a knave and a fool
makes a bad partnership: so you and yourself will never prosper.
Well, surely there was robery enough; and not a few of the
great players earned money to their own disgrace; but, if you’ll
believe me, there was not half the selling there was said to be.
Yes I can guess, sir, much as you have been talking to all the
old players over this good stuff (pointing to the brandy and
water I had provided), no doubt you have heard that B---- sold
as bad as the rest. I’ll tell the truth; one match up the country
I did sell,--a match made by Mr. Osbaldestone at Nottingham. I
had been sold out of a match just before, and lost 10l., and
happening to hear it I joined two others of our eleven to sell,
and get back my money. I won 10l. exactly, and of this roguery no
one ever suspected me; but many was the time I have been blamed
for selling when as innocent as a babe. In those days when so
much money was on the matches, every man who lost his money would
blame some one. Then if A missed a catch, or B made no runs,--and
where’s the player whose hand is always in?--the man was called
a rogue directly. So when a man was doomed to lose his character,
and bear all the smart, there was the more temptation to do like
others, and after ‘the kicks’ to come in for ‘the half-pence.’
But I am an old man now, and heartily sorry I have been ever
since, because, but for that Nottingham match, I could have said,
with a clear conscience, to a gentleman like you, that all that
was said was false, and I never sold a match in my life; but now
I can’t. But if I had fifty sons, I would never put one of them,
for all the games in the world, in the way of the roguery that I
have witnessed. The temptation really was very great,--too great
by far for any poor man to be exposed to,--no richer than ten
shillings a week, let alone harvest time. I never told you the
way I first was brought to London. I was a lad of eighteen at
this Hampshire village, and Lord Winchelsea had seen us play
among ourselves, and watched the match with the Hambledon Club on
Broad-halfpenny, when I scored forty-three against David Harris,
and ever so many of the runs against David’s bowling, and no one
ever could manage David before. So, next year, in the month of
March, I was down in the meadows, when a gentleman came across
the field with Farmer Hilton, and thought I, all in a minute, now
this is something about cricket. Well, at last it was settled,
I was to play Hampshire against England, at London, in White
Conduit-Fields ground, in the month of June. For three months I
did nothing but think about that match. Tom Walker was to travel
up from this country, and I agreed to go with him, and found
myself at last, with a merry company of cricketers, all old
men, whose names I had ever heard as foremost in the game--met
together, drinking, card-playing, betting, and singing at the
Green Man (that was the great cricketer’s house), in Oxfork
Street,--no man without his wine, I assure you, and such suppers
as three guineas a game to lose, and five to win (that was then
the pay for players) could never pay for long. To go to London
by a wagon, earn five guineas three or four times told, and come
back with half the money in your pocket to the ploug again, was
all very well talking. You know what young folks are, sir, when
they get together: mischief brews stronger in large quantities:
so many spent all their earnings, and were soon glad to make
more money some other way. Hundreds of pounds were bet upon the
great matches, and other wagers laid on the scores of the finest
players, and that too by men who had a book for every race, and
every match in the sporting world: men who lived by gambling;
and as to honesty, gambling and honesty don’t often go together.
What was easier, then, than for such sharp gentlemen to mix with
the players, take advantage of their difficulties, and say, your
backers, my Lord this, and the Duke of that, sell matches and
overrule all your good play, so why shouldn’t you have a share
of the plunder? That was their constant argument. Serve them as
they serve you. You have heard of Jim Bland, the turfsman, and
his brother Joe--two nice boys. When Jemmy Dawson was hanged for
poisoning the horse, the Blands never felt safe till the rope was
round Dawson’s neck, and, to keep him quiet, persuaded him to the
last hour that they dared not hang him: and a certain nobleman
had a reprieve in his pocket. Well, one day in April, Joe Bland
found me out in this parish, and tried his game on with me. ‘You
may make a fortune,’ he said, ‘if you will listen to me: so much
for the match with Surrey, and so much more for the Kent match--’
‘Stop,’ said I: ‘Mr. Bland, you talk too fast; I am rather too
old for this trick; you never buy the same man but once: if their
lordships ever sold at all, you would peach upon them if ever
after they dared to win. You’ll try me once, and then you’ll have
me in a line like him of the mill last year.’ No, sir, a man was
a slave when once he sold to these folk: fool and knave aye go
together. Still they found fools enough for their purpose; but
rogues can never trust each other. One day a sad quarrel arose
between two of them; that opened the gentlemen’s eyes too wide
to close again to these practices. Two very big rogues at Lord’s
fell a quarrelling, and blows were given; a crowd drew round,
and the gentlemen ordered them both into the pavilion. When the
one began, ‘You had 20_l._ to lose the Kent match, bowling leg
long hops and missing catches.’ ‘And you were paid to lose at
Swaffham--Why did that game with Surrey turn about--three runs to
get, and you didn’t make them?’ Angry words came out fast, and,
when they are circumstantial and square with previous suspiciens
they are proofs as strong as holy writ. ‘In one single-wicket
match,’ he continued, and those were always great matches for
the sporting men, because usually you had first-rate men on each
side, and their merits known; dishonesty was as plain as this:
just as a player was coming in (John B. will confess this, if you
talk of the match) he said to me, ‘You’ll let me score five or
six, for appearances, won’t you, for I am not going to make many
if I can?’ ‘Yes,’ I said, ‘you rogue, you shall if I can _not_
help it.’ But when a game was all but won, and the odds heavy,
and all one way, it was cruel to see how the fortune of the day
then would change about. In that Kent match,--you can turn to
it in your book (Bentley’s scores), played 28th July, 1807, on
Pennenden Heath,--I and Lord Frederick had scored sixty-one, and
thirty remained to win, and six of the best men in England went
out for eleven runs. Well, sir, I lost some money by that match,
and as seven of us were walking homewards to meet a coach, a
gentleman who had backed the match drove by and said, ‘Jump up,
my boys, we have all lost together. I need not mind if I hire a
pair of horses extra, next town, for I have lost money enough to
pay for twenty pair or more.’ Well, thought I, as I rode along,
you have rogues enough in your carriage now, if the truth were
told, I’ll answer for it; and one of them let out the secret
some ten years after. But, sir, I can’t help laughing when I
tell you, once there was a single-wicket match played at Lord’s,
and a man on each side was paid to lose. One was bowler, and the
other batsman, when the game came to a near point. I knew their
politics, the rascals, and saw in a minute how things stood; and
how I did laugh, to be sure; for seven balls together, one would
not bowl straight, and the other would not hit; but at last a
straight ball must come, and down went the wicket.’

From other information received, I could tell this veteran that,
even in his much-repented Nottingham match, his was not the
only side that had men resolved to lose. The match was sold for
Nottingham too, and that with less success, for Nottingham won:
an event the less difficult to accomplish, as Lord Frederick
Beauclerk broke a finger in an attempt to stop a designed and
wilful overthrow! and played the second innings with one hand.

It is true, Clarke, who played in the match, thought all was
fair; still, he admits, he heard one Nottingham man accused on
the field, by his own side, of foul play. This confirms the
evidence of the Rev. C. W., no slight authority in Nottingham
matches, who said he was cautioned before the match that all
would not be fair.

‘This practice of selling matches,’ said Beldham, ‘produced
strange things sometimes. Once, I remember, England was playing
Surrey, and, in my judgment, Surrey had the best side; still I
found the Legs were betting seven to four against Surrey! This
time they were done; for they betted on the belief that some
Surrey men had sold the match, but Surrey played to win.

‘Crockford used to be seen about Lord’s, and Mr. Gully also
occasionally, but only for society of sporting men; they did
not understand the game, and I never saw them bet. Mr. Gully was
often talking to me about the game for one season; but I never
could put any sense into him! He knew plenty about fighting, and
afterwards of horse-racing; but a man cannot learn the odds of
cricket unless he is something of a player.’”

Illustration: No. 3--THE FORWARD BLOCK.

If a suggestion is made as to your style or method, (however
well meant) do not adopt it in a match, until you have tried
it in practice and found it a satisfactory improvement.