Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

REPRESENTATIVE CANADIANS

NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES III

A CYCLOPÆDIA
_of_
CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY

Brief Biographies of Persons Distinguished in the Professional, Military
and Political Life, and the Commerce and Industry of
Canada, in the Twentieth Century.

_Edited by_
HECTOR CHARLESWORTH

TORONTO
THE HUNTER-ROSE COMPANY, LIMITED
1919

PREFACE

It is now thirty-three years since the first volume of biographies bearing the title “Representative Canadians” was issued by the present firm of publishers. In 1886 the scope of the work was unique, so far as this country was concerned, for previous volumes of the kind had confined themselves to the careers of Canadians who have won fame in either a political or military capacity. The aim of the editors of the first volume of “Representative Canadians” was to give recognition of the emergence of Canada from a colonial to something like a national status by recording something of the achievements of those who had contributed to the intellectual, industrial and commercial growth of the country, as well as of its political leaders. The purpose remained the same in the second volume published in 1888, and is once more the impulse of the present book.

The vast majority of those whose careers were recorded in 1886 have passed away; and the same is true of those who figured in the second volume of the series. Consequently, the earlier issues of “Representative Canadians” grow every day more precious, for, in many cases, they contain the sole records of men who initiated great enterprises or furthered important movements which have left a lasting mark on the history of Canada. We cannot but think that the reader who, thirty or forty years hence, may chance to scan the pages of the present volume will gather a very vivid picture of Canada as it was in one of the crucial periods of the world’s affairs—a picture in which the characters of those Canadians who lived and “carried on” through the years of the greatest war in all history may be discerned in the records of their lives. There is hardly a page in this book into which the war does not enter directly or indirectly in some form or other, by way of allusions to services rendered, bereavements endured, or honours gained on the field of battle. In that sense the 1919 volume must remain unique, and a mine of useful information for students in future generations.

Generally speaking, in comparing the biographies of the Canadians of to-day with those of 1886 and 1888, the reader gains a sense of this country’s continuous expansion. The present century has witnessed a marvellous development in the Canadian West, so that in these pages we find numerous records showing not merely the commercial, but the intellectual, progress of the Provinces West of the Great Lakes—stories of brilliant careers built up by men who were mere children in the East when the first volume was published. The reader will also note in the biographies of business men which abound in these pages, the ever-increasing scale on which Canadian commerce and enterprise everywhere is conducted, so that what seemed large in 1886 is relatively small to-day. Though some of the men whose names figure in the index are of less importance than others, all play their part in our complex and vigorous social life, and the story of their progress and fortunes cannot be really tedious to any sympathetic student of humanity.

TORONTO, 1919.

INDEX

Adamson, Alan Joseph, 124
Adamson, John Evans, 121
Aikenhead, Thomas E., 47
Aikins, Lieut.-Col. Sir James Albert Manning, 81
Allan, John, 98
Ames, Sir Herbert B., 4
Ami, Henry M., 142
Amyot, Lieut.-Col. John A., 299
Anderson, Alexander James, 126
Anderson, Frederic William, 75
Anderson, Prof. George R., 144
Anderson, James T. M., 65
Antliff, Rev. James Cooper, 52
Arkell, Thomas Reginald, 180
Armstrong, Samuel, 174
Arnold, William McCullough, 114
Arrell, Harrison, 52
Arsenault, Hon. Aubin E., 215
Ashby, Joseph Seraphin Aime, 127
Ashton, Major-General Ernest, 270
Askwith, John E., 106
Asselin, Major Olivar, 144

Bâby, Wolstan Alexander Dixie, 229
Bachand, Leonide Charles, 69
Bailey, Charles Frederick, 218
Baillie, Sir Frank, 110
Bain, John, 66
Ball, Emerson Ewart, 61
Ball, Robert James, 64
Ballantyne, James, 145
Barnard, Sir Frank Stillman, 223
Barnard, Hon. George Henry, 126
Barrow, Hon. Edward Dodsley, 205
Barry, Walter H., 124
Baskerville, William Joseph, 148
Bates, Joseph Lever, 165
Bates, Thomas Nathaniel, 272
Beach, Mahlon F., 49
Beaumont, Ernest Joseph, 56
Bégin, Louis Nazaire, 17
Beith, Hon. Robert, 40
Bellemare, Adelard, 125
Bell, Clarence A. H., 274
Bell, Hon. George Alexander, 230
Bell, John Howatt, 74
Bell, John Percival, 257
Belcourt, Hon. Napoleon Antoine, 61
Bender, Prosper, 31
Bennett, Richard Bedford, 255
Berthiaume, Arthur, 147
Best, John, 43
Bethune, Rev. Charles James Stewart, 76
Birkett, Thomas, 125
Black, Henry, 133
Blair, Lieutenant James K., 273
Blondin, Hon. Pierre Edouard, 212
Bole, David W., 221
Borden, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird, 1
Boudreau, L. N. H. Rodolphe, 180
Bowell, Sir Mackenzie, 44
Bowes, James Leslie Llewellyn, 69
Bowie, Lieut.-Colonel Henry William, 251
Bowman, Charles Martin, 275
Boyd, Leslie Hale, 98
Boyer, Major Gustave, 90
Boyer, Louis, 40
Braden, Norman Short, 250
Braithwaite, Edward Ernest, 73
Breadner, Robert Walker, 132
Breithaupt, John C., 228
Breithaupt, Louis J., 43
Brennan, John Charles, 131
Briggs, William, 68
Bristow, Michael George, 73
Brock, Lieut.-Colonel Henry, 70
Brock, William Rees, 71
Brodeur, Hon. Louis Philippe, 220
Bronson, Hon. Erskine Henry, 65
Bronson, Henry Franklin, 34
Brossoit, Numa Edouard, 274
Buchanan, William A., 171
Buckles, Daniel, 119
Bulman, William John, 131
Burgoyne, William Bartlett, 186
Burpee, Lawrence Johnston, 39
Bulyea George Hedley Vicars, 143
Butler, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Page, 282
Butterworth, John George Bissett, 256
Byrne, Daniel J., 129

Callahan, John, 190
Camaraire, Alfred Frederick, 115
Cameron, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Douglas, 16
Campbell, Colin, 103
Campbell, Donald Grant, 151
Campbell, William Brough, 234
Cane, James Gilbert, 111
Carew, John, 22
Carson, Hugh, 145
Cartwright, Lieut.-Colonel Robert, 168
Casgrain, Philippe Baby, 27
Cash, Edward L., 157
Cassils, Charles, 151
Cave, James G., 138
Chabot, Lieut.-Colonel John Leo, 63
Chadwick, Edward Marion, 37
Chamberlain, Theodore F., 45
Chambers, Colonel Ernest John, 283
Champagne, Napoleon, 209
Chapleau, Maj. Samuel Edmour St. Onge, 47
Chaplin, James D., 184
Charlesworth, Hector, 254
Charlton, William Granville, 64
Chauvin, Hon. T. Hector, 150
Chisholm, William Craig, 108
Choquette, Ernest, 138
Choquette, Philippe Auguste, 137
Chrysler, Francis Henry, 80
Clark, Lieut.-Colonel Hugh, 100
Clark, John Murray, 78
Clute, Arthur Roger, 34
Coats, Robert Hamilton, 104
Coburn, John W., 123
Cockshutt, William Foster, 2
Cody, Hon. Henry John, 109
Cole, George M., 63
Cole, Col. Wilmot Howard, 28
Colquhoun, Arthur Hugh Urquhart, 261
Commeford, James W., 139
Conant, Gordon Daniel, 131
Connolly, Bernard Gervase, 190
Coombs, Albert Ernest, 64
Coristine, Major Stanley B., 295
Corrigan, Ambrose Eugene, 206
Côté, Narcisse Omer, 221
Cotton, Major-General W. H., 249
Cousineau, Joseph Philemon, 192
Cousins, George Vipond, 159
Cowan, William Frederick, 84
Cox, Herbert Coplin, 26
Coyne, James Henry, 14
Crannell, Levi, 302
Creelman, Lieut.-Colonel John Jennings, 185
Cronyn, Hume, 228
Cross, Alexander S. G., 151
Cross, Charles Wilson, 32
Crossland, E. F., 136
Crothers, Hon. Thomas Wilson, 90
Crowther, William H., 190
Cudmore, Sedley Anthony, 302
Currie, General Sir Arthur William, 165
Cutten, George Barton, 193

Dalley, Frederick Fenner, 218
Dalton, Hon. Charles, 204
Daniels, Hon. Orlando T., 206
Dargavel, John Robertson, 133
Davey, James, 68
David, Hon. Laurent Olivier, 182
Davidson, James Wheeler, 191
Davidson, William McCartney, 225
Davis, Albert Mayno, 229
Davis, Aubrey, 176
Dawson, Arthur Osborne, 32
De Celles, Alfred Duclos, 66
Delage, Cyrille F., 195
Demers, Joseph, 160
Denis, J. Wilfred, 69
Denton, Frank, 62
Deroche, William Paschal, 172
de Tremaudan, A. H., 76
Detwiler, Noah Bechtel, 277
Dewart, Herbert Hartley, 275
Dickson, Rev. James A. R., 136
Dinnick, Lieut.-Col. Wilfrid Servington, 193
Diver, Frederick, 125
Dobell, Sir Charles Macpherson, 24
Doherty, Hon. Charles Joseph, 156
Dollard, Rev. James B., 184
Donogh, John Ormsby, 161
Donovan, Albert Edward, 300
Doughty, Arthur George, 297
Douglas, James, 32
Douglas, William James, 195
Dowling, John S., 176
Drayton, Sir Henry Lumley, 23
Drayton, Philip Henry, 276
Drysdale, William, 186
Duclos, Arnold Willard, 285
Duff, Hon. Lyman Poore, 271
Dunlop, Edward Arunah, 237
Dunning, Hon. Charles Avery, 216
Dwyer, William Henry, 72
Dymond, Allan Malcolm, 41

Earle, Rufus Redmond, 119
Easson, Robert Henry, 281
Eddis, Wilton C., 69
Edwards, John Wesley, 45
Edwards, Hon. William Cameron, 123
Elliot, Major-General Harry Macintire, 284
Elliott, John Campbell, 60
Ellis, James Albert, 102
Ellis, John F., 178
Elson, John Melbourne, 288
Englehart, Joel Lewis, 173
Ethier, Joseph Arthur Calixte, 133
Evanturel, Gustave, 67
Ewart, David, 174
Ewing, William, 194

Farris, Hon. John Wallace de Beque, 214
Farrow, Robinson Russell, 238
Faulkner, Hon. George Everett, 206
Ferguson, Hon. George Howard, 196
Ferguson, Hon. William Nassau, 39
Fielding, Hon. William Stevens, 279
Fifield, Albert Frank, 198
Finlayson, George Daniel, 239
Finnie, David Maclachan, 179
Fisher, His Honor Walter George, 185
Flavelle, William M., 134
Flint, Thomas Barnard, 79
Flynn, Edmund James, 263
Foran, Joseph Kearney, 280
Forin, John Andrew, 122
Forman, James C., 247
Forster, J. W. L., 172
Foster, Thomas Wilfred, 248
Foster, Hon. Walter Edward, 254
Fraleck, Edison Baldwin, 67
Fraser, George B., 71
Freiman, Archibald J., 132

Galbraith, Walter Stuart, 147
Gale, George Charles, 134
Gale, Robert Henry, 288
Gariepy, Wilfrid, 127
Garland, John L., 105
Garneau, Sir George, 25
Gartshore, Lieut.-Colonel William Moir, 180
Gibbon, Arthur Playford, 232
Gibbons, John Joseph, 69
Gibson, Brig.-General Sir John Morison, 242
Gibson, Theron, 27
Gill, Robert, 289
Gillespie, Professor Peter, 74
Girard, A. D., 167
Girard, Joseph, 31
Godfrey, Oswald Julius, 149
Goodeve, Hon. Arthur Samuel, 34
Goring, C. C., 193
Gouin, Hon. Sir Jean Lomer, 22
Graham, Hon. George Perry, 267
Grange, Edward Alexander Andrew, 74
Grange, Edward Wilkinson, 39
Grant, Gordon, 197
Grierson, Hon. George Allison, 133
Groves, Abraham, 38
Guilbault, Joseph Pierre Octave, 34
Gwatkin, Major-General W. G., 260
Gwynne, Brig.-General Reginald John, 286

Hackett, Edward, 37
Hagedorn, Charles Kappler, 116
Hamilton, Frank Kent, 223
Hamilton, Ralph Bergen, 189
Hanna, Hon. William John, 287
Hannon, James Willson, 159
Hara, Frederick North, 198
Hare, Rev. John James, 269
Harkin, James, B., 174
Harper, John Murdoch, 129
Harris, Reginald V., 59
Harris, William Gean, 175
Harrison, Nathaniel Isles, 147
Hastings, David, 75
Hazen, Hon. Sir John Douglas, 93
Heakes, Francis Riley, 152
Hearst, Hon. Sir William Howard, 7
Heaton, Ernest, 87
Hebert, Zepherin, 88
Helmer, Brig.-General Richard Alexis, 265
Henderson, Alexander, 235
Henderson, William Andrew, 118
Henry, David Edouard, 231
Henry, Hon. George Stewart, 282
Higinbotham, John D., 143
Hill, Hamnett Pinhey, 140
Hinds, Leonard D’Arcy Bernard, 33
Hocken, Norman Cecil, 195
Hodgetts, Colonel Charles Alfred, 223
Hogg, Andrew Brydon, 121
Hogg, William Drummond, 285
Honeywell, Major Frederick Henry, 164
Hook, Thomas, 300
Hopkins, Arthur George, 150
Hopkins, Innes, 188
Hore, George Charles, 134
Hough, John Atwell, 198
Hudson, Hon. Albert Blellock, 145
Hughes, Brig.-General William St. Pierre, 258
Hunnisett, James Edward, 201
Hunter, Lieut.-Colonel A. T., 37
Hunter, Major W. E. Lincoln, 281
Hurdman, George Charles, 271
Hutchison, Colonel William, 241

Ingersoll, James Hamilton, 178
Ingram, George C., 123
Innes, Hugh Patterson, 199
Irwin, William Nassau, 234
Izzard, Dennis Jabez, 95

Jacobs, Samuel W., 89
James, Edgar Augustus, 178
Jarvis, Ernest Frederick, 191
Jenkins, Lieut.-Col. Stephen Rice Jenkins, 213
Jetté, the Hon. Sir Louis, 10
Johnson, Hon. Thomas Herman, 238
Johnston, Ebenezer Forsyth Blackie, 97
Jones, George Burpee, 95
Jones, Henry Victor Franklin, 87
Jones, James William, 161

Kastner, Gideon, 163
Keefe, R. Daniel, 86
Kelso, John Joseph, 194
Kemp, Hon. Sir Albert Edward, 16
Kennedy, William Costello, 11
Kent, Joseph, 110
King, Hon. James H., 195
King, Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie, 286
Kyte, George William, 77

Labelle, Alfred Eugene, 158
Laidlaw, Lorne Nelson, 148
Landry, Hon. David V., 142
Langelier, Hon. Sir François-Xavier, 18
Langley, James P., 44
Langton, Brig.-General Joseph Graham, 266
Laurier, the late Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid, 3
Law, Bonnar B., 200
Lawlor, H. W., 36
Leblanc, Sir Pierre-Evariste, 159
Lemieux, Auguste, 35
Lemieux, Hon. Sir François-Xavier, 12
Lennie, Robert Scott, 141
Lennox, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Herbert, 207
Leonard, Lieut.-Colonel Reuben Wells, 268
Lesperance, Albert Paneran, 246
L’Esperance, Hon. David Ovide, 85
Levy, Gabriel Herman, 221
Lighthall, William Douw, 101
Longley, Hon. J. W., 51
Lumsden, John, 315
Lynch, Hon. William Warren, 19

MacAulay, Brock, 157
Macaulay, John, 101
Macaulay, Thomas Basset, 99
Macdonald, Sir Donald Alexander, 225
MacDonald, Donald D., 175
Macdonald, John, 50
MacDonald, Neil S., 48
Macdonald, Selkirk M., 96
Machado, Jose Antonio, 211
Machin, Lt.-Col. Harold Arthur Clement, 203
Mackay, Hon. Col. Alexander Howard, 191
Mackenzie, Daniel D., 294
Mackenzie, Hugh Blair, 158
MacKenzie, John Angus, 177
Mackenzie, Norman, 93
Mackie, George D., 150
Mackintosh, Charles Herbert, 56
MacLean, Archie, 86
MacLean, Hon. John Duncan, 117
Mann, Alexander Robert, 168
Marchand, Pierre, 249
Marcile, Joseph Edmond, 155
Margeson, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Willis, 217
Marnoch, George Robert, 104
Marsh, Lieut.-Colonel Lorne Wilmot, 88
Marshall, Lieut.-Col. Kenric Reid, 302
Marshall, Lieut.-Colonel Noel G. L., 169
Martin, Hon. William Melville, 231
Massey, C. D., 53
Massey, Charles Vincent, 202
Mather, James, 205
Matthews, George Sands, 155
McBrien, Frederick George, 155
McCarthy, Jesse Overn, 201
McClennaghan, Stewart, 169
McConnell, Richard George, 165
McCorkill, Hon. Justice John Charles, 20
McCuaig, Clarence James, 111
McCuish, Robert George, 120
McCullough, Charles Robert, 48
McCurdy, Fleming Blanchard, 266
McEvoy, John Millar, 283
McFall, Robert James, 298
McGiverin, Harold Buchanan, 177
McInenly, William, 60
McInnes, William, 203
McKay, Hon. James, 159
McKeon, Very Rev. Dean P. J., 178
McLean, Angus Alexander, 240
McLean, Hon. Daniel, 160
McLean, Major-Gen. Hugh Havelock, 62
McMahon, Edward, 89
McMahon, James Alexander, 259
McNeeley, John Strachan Lewis, 153
McNeil, Most Rev. Neil, 175
McNeillie, James Richardson, 36
McQuarrie, William Garland, 188
Meek, Edward, 58
Meighen, Hon. Arthur, 8
Merner, Jonathan Joseph, 154
Middlebró, William S., 87
Mikel, William Charles, 54
Mills, Charles Henry, 93
Miller, Frederick Robert, 213
Miller, Lieut.-Colonel John Bellamy, 262
Mitchell, Hon. Robert Menzies, 11
Mitchell, Hon. Walter George, 245
Minehan, Rev. Lancelot, 85
Mondou, Alberic Archie, 153
Montgomery, Hugh John, 96
Morehouse, Oscar Emery, 135
Morgan, Colin Daniel, 52
Morin, Pierre Alphonse, 270
Morin, Victor, 75
Murphy, Hon. Charles, 28
Murray, Hon. Robert, 252
Musson, Charles Joseph, 53

Nanton, Sir Augustus Meredith, 183
Nash, Charles William, 280
Nasmith, Colonel George Gallie, 263
Neill, Charles Ernest, 278
Nesbitt, Arthur Russel, 249
Nicholls, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Frederic, 264
Nicholson, Arthur Edwin, 277
Nickle, William Folger, 107
Norcross, Joseph W., 201
Northrup, William Barton, 250
Notman, John Charles, 177
Noyes, John Powell, 257

Odlum, Edward, 141
O’Hara, Francis Charles Trench, 118
Oliver, Hon. John, 196
O’Reilly, His Honor James Redmond, 86
Owens, Edward W. J., 299

Paisley, James K., 83
Panet, Lieut.-Colonel Charles Louis, 279
Paquet, Eugene, 157
Pardee, Frederick Forsyth, 33
Pardoe, Avern, 176
Parent, Hon. Simon Napoleon, 226
Parmelee, William George, 20
Parsons, S. R., 246
Paton, Hugh, 177
Patrick, John Alexander Macdonald, 120
Patterson, John Pratt, 61
Payne, Francis Freeman, 150
Pedley, Frank, 213
Pennington, David Henry, 117
Perley, Sir George Halsey, 205
Perry, Nathaniel Irwin, 139
Petrie, Harry David, 275
Peuchen, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur Godfrey, 121
Pope, Major William Walter, 82
Poulin, Stanislas, 101
Power, William, 161
Pratt, Edward Courtney, 82
Price, Samuel, 95
Price, Sir William, 15
Pringle, Robert Abercrombie, 105
Pritchard, Henry Thomas, 215
Proudfoot, William, 210
Proulx, Edmond, 161
Pugh, Thomas James, 181
Pullan, E., 277
Pyne, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Robert Allan, 90

Rawlings, Henry Edward, 197
Regan, Frank, 189
Reid, Frank, 85
Reid, William Brown, 237
Rhodes, Hon. Edgar Nelson, 13
Richardson, John, 297
Riddell, Hon. William Renwick, 82
Roadhouse, William Albert, 109
Robb, Thomas, 54
Robertson, Edward Blake, 184
Robertson, Hon. Gideon Decker, 240
Robertson, John Ross, 5
Robertson, Norman, 94
Robertson, William John, 91
Robertson, William Robert, 199
Robinette, Thomas Cowper, 252
Roche, Hon. William James, 102
Roche, Francis James, 292
Rogers, Albert S., 183
Rogers, John Morrison, 261
Rose, George Maclean, 272
Rose, Hon. Mr. Justice Hugh Edward, 93
Rose, William Oliver, 188
Ross, James Gibb, 21
Ross, John Theodore, 261
Rowell, Hon. Newton Wesley, 202
Russell, Adam Lothian, 235
Rust, C. H., 124
Rutherford, Colonel Hon. Alexander Cameron, 278
Rutherford, John Gunion, 226

Saint Cyr, Joseph Fortunat, 98
Sainte-Pierre, F., 97
St. Jean, Ulric, 157
Samuel, Sigmund, 92
Sauvé, Arthur, 203
Sayles, Edwin Roy, 164
Scott, F. Stewart, 183
Scott, James Guthrie, 30
Scott, William Duncan, 106
Seguin, Paul Arthur, 92
Senecal, Francis Albert, 204
Sharpe, Samuel Simpson, 100
Shepherd, Simpson James, 123
Shier, Walter C., 91
Shillington, Lieut.-Col. Adam Tozeland, 236
Shortly, Orville Benjamin, 248
Shutt, Frank Thomas, 96
Sifton, Hon. Arthur Lewis, 209
Sinclair, Robert Victor, 234
Sinclair, Victor Albert, 94
Sine, Frederick, 158
Sloan, Hon. William, 207
Smart, Russell Sutherland, 259
Smith, Hon. Ernest Albert, 214
Smith, John Charles, 92
Smith, William, 53
Stapells, Richard A., 219
Starr, J. R. L., 156
Stewart, Charles, 99
Stewart, Dougald, 160
Street, Lieut.-Colonel Douglas Richmond, 140
Struthers, James Douglas, 163
Studholme, Allan, 115
Sutherland, Donald, 60
Sutherland, Fred C., 296
Sutherland, Thomas Fraser, 181

Taschereau, Hon. Louis Alexander, 21
Taylor, Albert William, 204
Taylor, Hon. George Edward, 151
Taylor, Lt.-Col. Hon. George, 296
Tessier, Auguste Maurice, 111
Tetreault, Joseph Sylvini, 108
Thoburn, William, 135
Thompson, Alfred, 162
Thomson, Levi, 70
Thornton, Hon. Robert Stirton, 217
Todd, John Lancelot, 121
Tory, John A., 108
Tourigny, Alfred F. X., 115
Trahan, Arthur, 103
Tremeear, William J., 68
Turgeon, Hon. Adelard, 12
Turgeon, Hon. William Ferdinand Alphonse, 215
Turnbull, Walter Renwick, 169
Tytler, William, 138

Vance, His Honor, George M., 160
Vaughan, Marshall, 293
Veale, Philip Henry, 239
Veniot, Hon. Peter John, 208

Wade, Mark Sweeten, 144
Wainwright, Arnold, 164
Walker, William Simpson, 187
Wallace, Thomas George, 152
Wallis, Horace, 116
Ward, Lieut.-Colonel Henry Alfred, 105
Watson, Brigadier-General Sir David, 162
Watson, Senator Robert, 295
Watt, John Ralston, 116
Webber, John A., 233
Weichel, William George, 154
Weir, William M., 158
Weld, Edmund, 220
Weld, John, 253
Wetherell, James Elgin, 222
Whalen, George Frederick, 192
White, Arthur V., 55
White, Gerald Verner, 136
White, James, 236
White, John T., 181
White, Rt. Hon. Sir William Thomas, 13
Whitney, Edward Canfield, 293
Widdifield, John W., 115
Wilkes, Alfred John, 112
Williams, Herbert Hale, 171
Williams, Right Rev. Lennox Waldron, 216
Williams-Taylor, Sir Frederick, 200
Willis, James E., 264
Wilson, Henry George Wilberforce, 148
Wilson, James Lockie, 114
Wilson, Peter Edward, 168
Winkler, Hon. Valentine, 208
Wood, Rev. William Robertson, 253
Woods, Lieut.-Colonel James W., 146
Workman, Mark, 113
Wright, Alexander Whyte, 290
Wright, George, 149
Wright, George Craig, 277
Wright, Harry George, 199
Wright, William J., 104
Wrong, Professor George McKinnon, 113
Wylie, Newton, 294

LIST OF PHOTOGRAVURES

Askwith, Jno. E, Ottawa.

Baillie, Sir Frank W., Toronto.
Baskerville, W. J., Ottawa.
Beach, the late M. F.
Beaumont, E. J., Kitchener.
Birkett, Thomas, Ottawa.
Blondin, Hon. P. E., Ottawa.
Borden, Right. Hon. Sir R. L., Ottawa.
Bowman, Charles M., Southampton.
Breadner, R. W., Ottawa.
Breithaupt, J. C., Kitchener.
Breithaupt, L. J., Kitchener.
Brennan, J. C., Ottawa.
Bristow, M. G., Ottawa.
Bulman, W., Winnipeg.
Butterworth, J. G. B., Ottawa.

Cowan, the late W. F., Ottawa.
Currie, Major-General Sir Arthur William,
Victoria, B.C.

Dwyer, W. H., Ottawa.

Edwards, Senator W. C., Ottawa.
Englehart, Jacob L., Petrolia, Ontario.

Finnie, D. M., Ottawa.

Gale, R. H., Vancouver, B.C.
Gariepy, Hon. Wilfrid, Edmonton.
Garland, John L., Ottawa.
Gibson, Brig.-General Sir John M., Hamilton.
Gouin, Sir Lomer, Quebec.
Graham, Hon. Geo. P., Brockville.
Grant, Gordon, Ottawa.

Harris, W. G., Toronto.
Hebert, Zepherin, Montreal.
Henry, D. E., Ottawa.
Hodgetts, Colonel C. A., Ottawa.
Hunter, Major W. E. Lincoln, Toronto.
Hutchison, Colonel Wm., Ottawa.

Kennedy, W. C., Windsor.
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie, Ottawa.

Laurier, the late Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid

Macaulay, T. B., Montreal.
Machin, Colonel H. A. C., Kenora.
Mackenzie, John Angus, Ottawa.
McClennaghan, Stewart, Ottawa.
McInenly, William, Ottawa.
McMahon, E., Ottawa.
Mitchell, Hon. W. G., Quebec.

Parsons, S. R., Toronto.
Paton, Hugh, Montreal.
Peuchen, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur, Toronto.

Reid, W. B., Toronto.
Robertson, E. Blake, Ottawa.

Shillington, Colonel A. T., Ottawa.
Shortly, Orville B., Toronto.
Sifton, Hon. Arthur L., Ottawa.
Stapells, R. A., Toronto.
Sutherland, F. C., Toronto.

Turgeon, Hon. Adelard, Quebec.

Vaughan, Marshall, Welland, Ontario.

White, Right. Hon. Sir W. T., Ottawa.
Whitney, E. C., Ottawa.
Woods, Lieut.-Colonel James W., Ottawa.
Wright, George, Toronto.

A CYCLOPÆDIA

_of_

CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY

=Borden, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., K.C.M.G., K.C., LL.D.=, Premier of Canada (Ottawa, Ont.), eldest son of Andrew Borden and Eunice Laird, was born at Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, on June 26, 1854. He was educated at Acadia Villa Academy, Horton, and for a time a Professor in Glenwood Institute, N.J. His great-great-grandfather went to King’s County, Nova Scotia, with early settlers from New England, in 1760, and upon returning to Massachusetts gave his land in Nova Scotia to his son, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Upon returning to Nova Scotia, Sir Robert studied law and was called to the Bar in 1878. He first practised at Kentville, N.S., and later moved to Halifax, succeeding the late Sir John Thompson, then Prime Minister of Canada, in the firm of Thompson, Graham and Tupper. Before removing to Ottawa he was head of the law firm of Borden, Ritchie & Chisholm, of Halifax, and for ten years was President of the Nova Scotia Barristers’ Society. He was made a Q.C. in 1900; an Honorary LL.D. of Queen’s University in 1903; an Honorary LL.D., St. Francis Xavier University in 1905; an Honorary LL.D. of McGill University in 1913. In 1896 he was elected to the House of Commons from Halifax in the General Elections, and re-elected in 1900, but was an unsuccessful candidate at the General Elections in 1904. Upon the retirement of Edward Kidd, M.P., for Carleton, Ont., he was elected by acclamation in his stead at the by-election held on February 4, 1905, and was re-elected by a large majority at the general elections in 1908, when he was also elected in Halifax, N.S. He later resigned his Carleton seat, preferring to represent Halifax. At the General Elections of 1911, he was again returned for Halifax, and continued to represent that constituency up to the present time (1918). On February 6, 1901, he was chosen leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons, and upon the resignation of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and his Cabinet on October 6, 1911, following the defeat of the Liberal Government on the question of Reciprocity with the United States, he was sent for by His Excellency Earl Grey and was entrusted with the task of forming a Cabinet. With a very large majority at his disposal, he found the task an easy one, and was successful in gathering around him men who have since carried on the government of the country in one of the most critical periods of its existence. At the time the first Borden government assumed office the world war was unthought of except as a vague speculation, which few students of world finance and world politics believed would ever become a fact, and the new Premier did not foresee that before him lay the most difficult task that had ever confronted a Canadian Government. In the summer of 1914 the conflict which ultimately developed into a war between the Central Empires and most of the other civilized powers, came like a bolt from the blue. On August 4, 1914, there was great curiosity in the chancelleries of Europe as to whether the overseas dominions of the British Empire would stand behind Great Britain. Germany, on the day she started the war, believed that they would not, and it was prophesied in Berlin that Canada would seek separation from the Empire. Sir Robert Borden at once gave the answer by placing the entire resources of the Dominion at the disposal of the Motherland; and on receiving an intimation from the late Lord Kitchener, that men were the first necessity, immediately called Parliament together to vote the necessary money. His government commenced the training and equipment of a first volunteer expeditionary force of 35,000, with provision for its further extension at need. This expeditionary force was partly trained at Valcartier camp, Quebec, and partly at Salisbury Plains, England, and first went into action at the second battle of Ypres in the spring of 1915. In the words of Viscount French, at that time Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in France, it “saved the situation” and barred the way to the Channel Ports from the Germans. In 1915 Sir Robert, who had been honored with the title of G.C.M.G. shortly before the outbreak of the conflict, visited Great Britain and France and, convincing himself that the struggle would be very long and difficult, pledged Canada to provide an aggregate of 500,000 trained men should the need arise. He and his government also made arrangements whereby Canadian manufacturers should engage largely in the production of munitions, the credits for such contracts being financed by the Canadian administration. The same policy was pursued in connection with contracts for food supplies, with the result that throughout the war there was a continued trade expansion and financial opulence that enabled Canada to make sacrifices that would otherwise have been impossible to her. During his visits to the front Sir Robert kept himself fully in touch with the needs of the Canadian army, and resolved to make it a first consideration in all his policies. A trip to Great Britain and France in the early part of 1917 convinced him that, in view of the dark outlook for peace, it would be necessary for Canada to adopt the policy of conscription, which had already been reluctantly adopted in Great Britain by Mr. Asquith, and had become the policy of the United States, which had recently entered the war. It was clear to Sir Robert that this policy could only be effectively imposed by consent of both parties in the House of Commons, and on his return to Canada in May, 1917, he announced conscription as his policy and an abandonment of party government. He was at first stoutly opposed both in the ranks of his own party and by his political opponents. Nevertheless, after long and patient negotiations he was successful in winning practically the entire body of English-speaking Liberals to his way of thinking, and conscription carried in the House of Commons in the latter part of July, 1917, by the greatest majority ever given so momentous a measure. He then proceeded to form a Union Government almost equally representative of Conservatives and Liberals. Early in December of 1917 this government, with Sir Robert as Prime Minister, appealed to the people, and was supported by almost the entire mass of English-speaking constituencies, giving him the largest majority that any political leader has ever enjoyed in this country. As a result of the adoption of conscription, Canada was enabled by the time peace was declared to fulfil her pledge of sending 500,000 men to aid in the war against autocracy—a contribution which has made this country famous throughout the world. Already, on January 1, 1912, Sir Robert had been sworn in as a member of the Imperial Privy Council, the highest office that up to that time had been held in the Motherland by a Canadian. On his arrival in London in June, 1918, he was invited by the Prime Minister, Hon. David Lloyd-George to become a member of the Imperial War Cabinet, a post which he held during the duration of the war. This was followed in November of 1918 by an invitation to become one of Great Britain’s Imperial representatives at the negotiations preliminary to and coincident with the Peace Conference to resolve the disasters of the war and at once proceeded overseas. Sir Robert’s Imperial services have been such, and his legal attainments are so well known that at the time of writing his elevation to the peerage as a colonial representative on the legal committee of the Privy Council, which is the Court of Appeal for the whole Empire, is being strongly advocated in the Motherland. In his private relations Sir Robert is greatly beloved, and though his duties have brought him in contact with all the leading figures of Great Britain, France and the United States, he is a thorough democrat in bearing. His favorite recreation is golf and he has played with many world-famous statesmen, though he does not claim to be a champion. He is an Anglican in religion and a member of many clubs on both sides of the Atlantic. In September of 1889 he married Laura, daughter of the late T. H. Bond, of Halifax, and never fails to acknowledge the great aid and assistance that has been rendered him by Lady Borden in building up his illustrious career. They reside at 201 Wurtemburg St., Ottawa.

=Laurier, the late Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L. (Oxon.), LL.D.= (Ottawa, Ont.), son of the late Carolus Laurier, P.L.S., and his wife, Marcelle Martineau; born at St. Lin, Quebec, on November 20, 1841, and educated at mixed schools in his native parish and at L’Assomption College. As a law student he entered the office of the late Hon. R. Laflamme in 1860, and studied at McGill University; received B.C.L. in 1864 and was called to the Bar in the same year; was appointed a Q.C. in 1880, and became head of the law firm of Laurier & Lavergne. In the earlier years of his professional career he edited and contributed to several newspapers. In May 13, 1868, he married Miss Zoe Lafontaine. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Drummond and Arthabaska in 1871, and resigned to contest the same riding for the House of Commons at the general elections in 1874, and was elected; was sworn in a Privy Councillor and appointed Minister of Inland Revenue in the Mackenzie administration, on October 8, 1877, and on going back for re-election, was defeated by D. O. Bourbeau, who obtained a majority of forty. Later he was elected for Quebec East, a seat vacated by I. Thibaudeau, and was re-elected for the same Riding at the general elections of 1878, 1882, 1887, 1891, 1896 and 1900, and also elected for Saskatchewan, N.W.T., at the general elections of 1896; was re-elected to the House of Commons at general elections of 1904 for Quebec East and Wright, and elected to sit for Quebec East; in 1908 was re-elected for Quebec East, and was also returned for the City of Ottawa, and again elected to sit for Quebec East; in 1911 he was elected for both Quebec East and Soulanges; and in 1918 for Quebec East. In October, 1878, he resigned with the Mackenzie Government, and was elected leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Commons in 1887. He issued a call for a Dominion Liberal Convention in 1893, which was held at Ottawa. Upon the defeat of the Tupper Government at the general elections, June 23, 1896, he was called on by Lord Aberdeen, Governor-General, to form a ministry on July 8, 1896, on which date Sir Charles Tupper resigned office; was sworn in as President of the Privy Council, July 11, 1896, and formed his Ministry, July 13, 1896. He was appointed by a sub-committee of the Privy Council to arrange for the settlement of the Manitoba School Question and an agreement was reached in November of the same year. On the occasion of the celebration of Her Majesty Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee at London, Eng., June, 1897, he represented Canada, and was created a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George; was received in audience by the Sovereign and accorded the leading place in the great Jubilee State Procession of all the Colonial dignitaries. Oxford and Cambridge Universities conferred upon him the degree of D.C.L. (hon.) during this visit. He was sworn in an Imperial Privy Councillor July 6, 1897; was made an honorary member of the Cobden Club, and received from it a gold medal in recognition of his services in the cause of international free exchange; was presented by the President of France with the Star of a Grand Officer of the legion of Honour, at Havre, July 29, 1897, being the highest but one of that order; was received in audience by His Holiness the Pope, August 12, 1897. While in England he succeeded in securing Her Majesty’s Government’s assent to the denunciation of the commercial treaties with Germany and Belgium, which stood in the way of Canada’s new tariff, extending a preference to the United Kingdom. On his return to Canada he was accorded public receptions at Quebec, Montreal, Toronto and Ottawa, and received from Toronto and Queen’s Universities the honorary degrees of LL.D. In November, 1897, he went to Washington in the interest of better relations between the two countries, and was a member of the Joint Commission which met at Quebec, August 23, 1898, to discuss questions affecting jointly Great Britain, Canada and the United States. He welcomed the present King, then Duke of Cornwall and York, to Canada in September, 1901, and accompanied the Royal Party through the Dominion; was invited, and attended, the Coronation of King Edward VII, in 1902, sailing June 14, arriving in Liverpool June 21, and in London, June 22. The Coronation, fixed for June 26, was postponed on June 24, but took place on August 9. On June 30 he attended a Colonial Conference at London, and on July 26 received the freedom of the City of Edinburgh, and was honored with the degree of LL.D. by the Edinburgh University. He was entertained by the City of Glasgow, July 28, visited the continent, and sailed for Canada on October 7, arriving at Quebec, October 17, and at Ottawa, October 18, receiving a great civic welcome at the City Hall. On New Year’s Day, 1904, he was presented by His Excellency the Governor-General, with the Fenian Raid medal for services as a volunteer in 1866. In 1907 he attended the Imperial Conference at London, Eng., as a representative of Canada, and was accorded the freedom of London, Bristol, Liverpool and other cities; and in 1911 he attended the Imperial Conference in England and represented Canada at the coronation of King George and Queen Mary. Following the defeat of his Party at the polls on September 21, 1911, on October 6 he tendered the resignation of himself and Cabinet to Earl Grey, and advised His Excellency to call upon Mr. R. L. Borden, to form a Cabinet. From that date until his death on Feb. 17, 1919, he continued to lead the Liberal Party, and in 1917 celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday. He again led his party in the general election of December, 1917, but was defeated owing to the fact that many followers had parted company with him on the issue of Conscription. Sir Wilfrid’s end came suddenly as a result of an effusion of blood to the brain. He was stricken while preparing to go to church on Sunday, Feb. 16, and passed away the following afternoon. The death of no Canadian had previously evoked such tributes as were printed and uttered, not only in Canada, but throughout the British Empire and the United States. His remains were accorded the honor of a State funeral in Ottawa on Saturday, Feb. 22, 1919, which was the most impressive function of its kind known on any continent since the death of Lincoln.

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=Ames, Sir Herbert B., K.B., LL.D., M.P.= (Montreal, Que.), born June 27, 1863, at Montreal, of which city he has been a life-long resident. He is the only son of the late Evan Fisher Ames (who founded the shoe manufacturing concern of Ames, Holden & Company in 1856), and of Caroline Matilda Brown, his wife, who was a native of New York City. Mr. E. F. Ames came to Canada from Conway, Mass., which district he represented in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1852. He established himself in Montreal, and became one of the leading Canadian manufacturers. Sir Herbert Ames was educated in the schools of Montreal, subsequently entering Amherst College at Amherst, Mass., graduating from there with the degree of B.A. in 1885, and having had conferred on him the further title of LL.D. in 1915. When in college he was a member of the Alpha Phi Fraternity. In August, 1885, after leaving Amherst, he entered the firm of Ames, Holden & Company, at Montreal, remaining in that business until 1893. He next interested himself in municipal reform and became President of an organization of young men known as the Volunteer Electoral League, which body was largely instrumental in bringing about the reformation of the City Council. In 1898 Mr. Ames was elected a member of the Montreal City Council for St. Antoine Ward, and served his constituency for eight years. During that period he was a member of the Police Commission, of the Road Commission and for four years served as Chairman of the Board of Health. In 1895 Mr. Ames was named a member of the Council of Public Instruction of the Province of Quebec, which body supervises the entire school system of the province. Mr. Ames was first elected a member of the House of Commons, Canada, in 1904, having a majority of 650. In 1908 he was again elected by 850 of a majority, and in 1911 elected for the third time by a majority of over 2,000; again re-elected in December, 1917. On the formation of the Borden Government, in 1911, Mr. Ames was appointed to the important position of chairman of the Select Standing Committee on Banking and Commerce, to which all bills pertaining to Banks, Trust and Loan and Insurance Companies are referred for examination and report. In 1903 he was a member of the National Committee to entertain the Chambers of Commerce of the Empire, and with them travelled throughout the Dominion. In 1909, as representative of the Montreal Board of Trade, Mr. Ames attended the meeting of the Chambers of Commerce at Sydney, Australia. He has travelled extensively throughout Australia, Japan, Egypt, India, Europe, the United States and West Indies, and has given much time and attention to the discussion of trade questions, tariff and treaties with other countries. In 1896 he wrote and published a monograph entitled “The City Below the Hill,” being a sociological study of the District of the City of Montreal, in which such questions as wages, rents, health conditions, etc., were carefully received. At the request of the Department of Commerce and Labor of the United States Government, Mr. Ames prepared an article on the same subject which appeared in the journals of this department. At the present time Sir Herbert Ames is a Director and Vice-President of the Ames, Holden, McCready Company. He is also one of the three gentlemen composing the Canadian Board of the Gresham Life Insurance Company, and also a Director of the Dominion Guarantee Company. He is a member of the Mount Royal Club, the Montreal Club, the Montreal Curling Club, the University Club of Montreal, the Rideau Club, Ottawa. On May 19, 1890, Mr. Ames was married to Louise Marion Kennedy, daughter of Sir John Kennedy, C.E., of Montreal, and they occupy a residence on the slopes of Mount Royal. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church, a Director in the Y.M.C.A., a governor in several benevolent institutions. At the outbreak of the great War, Mr. Ames was asked by His Royal Highness, the Governor-General of Canada, to assume the position of Honorary Secretary of the National Canadian Patriotic Fund, which provides for the wives and dependent relatives of soldiers serving in the armies of the Allies. On behalf of the Fund he has visited all parts of Canada, speaking and organizing, and the marked success to his initiative and effort. Through this great national benefaction there will have been raised and expended during the war period no less a sum than $45,000,000. On June 3, 1915, Mr. Ames had conferred upon him the Honor of Knighthood by His Majesty the King, and in 1916 was made a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. On December 1, 1918, the Government of Canada created by Order-in-Council a National War Savings Committee for the encouragement of thrift and the promotion of investment of small savings in government securities. Of this Committee Sir Herbert Ames has been appointed Chairman.

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=Robertson, John Ross=, journalist. The direct descendant of Duncan R., chief of the clan of Robertson of Strowan, 1347; eldest son of the late John Robertson, wholesale dry goods merchant, Toronto, and Margaret R., daughter of Hector Sinclair, Stornoway, Island of Lewis, Scotland. He was born in Toronto, Dec. 28, 1841, and educated at Upper Canada College; married, 1st, in 1871, Maria Louisa (d. Aug., 1886), daughter of Edward Earle Matthew Gillbee, Northamptonshire, Eng., grandson of the late Rev. Dr. Edward Gillbee, Vicar of Barby, near Rugby, descendant of the noted Anthony Gilby, one of the translators of the first edition of the Geneva or “Breeches” Bible, 1560; 2ndly, 1888, Jessie Elizabeth, daughter of George B. Holland, a prominent insurance man of Toronto. While still at college he occupied his spare hours in acquiring a knowledge of the printer’s craft, and was a fairly rapid compositor; commenced a small office which he established in his father’s residence, John St., Toronto, and with a few fonts of type he issued to the boys at Upper Canada College a paper under the name of the “College Times,” which later took the name of the “Boys’ Times,” a monthly publication that existed 1857-60. He also published in succession to the “Boys’ Times,” during a year at the Model Grammar School, a newsy paper for boys called “Young Canada.” Picking up a general knowledge of setting type and small job work in city offices, his face was a familiar one in the old “Christian Guardian” office, where occasionally he used to work off odd jobs, the composition of which he did in his own office; in the “Globe” Office, where in 1859, when opportunity offered, he sometimes used to feed one of the Hoe single cylinder presses when printing the inner pages of the four-page “Globe,” for the inside was always printed the afternoon before the morning issue; in the “Leader,” where he at times worked off on a small job cylinder Hoe press, the “Grumbler,” the weekly that he issued in 1860; the following year he equipped a newspaper and job office, and issued “Sporting Life,” the first paper in Canada to be devoted to athletic sports, and subsequently continued the publication of the “Grumbler,” a weekly satirical paper, at one time edited by W. J. Rattray, W. A. Foster, and the late Chief Justice Thomas Moss. He worked on the reportorial and advertising staff of the “Leader,” when Charles Lindsey and Charles Belford were editors and Ephraim Roden, City Editor, continuing at the same time the management of his printing office. He also issued for a year, Robertson’s Canadian Railway Guide, the first of its kind in Canada, and early in 1865 joined the Toronto “Globe” staff as city Editor, in May, 1866, becoming one of the founders of the “Daily Telegraph,” a journal that had a high reputation among the newspapers of Canada. Owing to political complications it ceased publication in 1872. Prior to this, in December, 1869, Mr. Robertson, then of the “Daily Telegraph,” made a trip to the North-West, accompanied by Mr. Robert Cunningham of the “Globe.” They travelled by rail from Toronto to the end of steel at St. Cloud, Minn., and there with a French half-breed guide and a two-horse farmer’s sleigh, fully equipped, began a journey of about 400 miles over the prairie. Snow storms raged and the thermometer ran from zero to 20 below. The travellers camped every night in the woods along the Red River, and arrived in Fort Garry after a perilous journey of ten days, to be locked up by the so-called “President” Riel, in Fort Garry for a week, and only allowed out to see their friends in the town, under a guard. They both secured interesting information, but were ordered out of the territory, as Riel thought they were “dangerous characters,” so they left Fort Garry for Pembina, U.S., the boundary post, one day when the thermometer was about 40 below zero. They declared they would not do the trip again for the whole North-West. Mr. Robertson, after the “Daily Telegraph” ceased publication, proceeded to London, Eng., where for three years he acted as resident correspondent and business representative of the Toronto “Daily Globe.” On his return to Canada, 1875, he assumed the business management of the “Nation,” edited by the late Prof. Goldwin Smith. It is said that during his managership of the “Nation,” his friend, Mr. Goldwin Smith asked his opinion as to the opportunities offered for an independent daily evening paper in Toronto, and that this conversation led up to the establishment of the “Evening Telegram,” which first saw light in April, 1876. It is said to be the only daily paper in Canada that has paid its way from the start. Mr. Robertson continued to conduct it until his death, May 31, 1918. “The immediate success of this paper,” said the “Globe,” in a sketch of his career published during his lifetime, “is ample evidence that he has graduated from a good school of journalism. Neither accident or luck had aught to do with his success. He launched out in new and original lines, and the good fortune that attended his efforts was the outcome of his energy, enthusiasm and experience, reinforced by a persistence and resource that would admit of no failure; it is these qualities that he brings to his every undertaking, and on the “Globe” he left behind him a reputation that is worthy of his later achievements.” This was publicly demonstrated by his Masonic career and his management of that great charity—the Hospital for Sick Children. From the first he has held high rank in the Masonic order. He entered the Craft in 1867, and was W.M. of his Mother Lodge, King Solomon’s, in 1880-1, and of Mimico, No. 359, in 1879-80. After having served successively as Grand Senior Warden, as District Grand Master of the Toronto District in 1886, he became in 1890 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, and was subsequently chosen Grand First Principal of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Canada, 1894-5, and Provincial Grand Prior, Ontario Centre, Sovereign Great Priory of Canadian Knights Templar, 1882; was Grand Representative of the Grand Lodge of England in Canada, having been appointed to succeed Sir John A. Macdonald in that office on the latter’s death, 1891; indeed, every honor at the disposal of his fellow-craftsmen had been accorded him. In September, 1902, in commemoration of the coronation of His Majesty King Edward, the Duke of Connaught (q.v.) then and now Grand Master, was pleased to confer the honorary rank of Past Grand Warden of England upon several eminent personages, including the subject of this sketch. For many years Mr. Robertson was president of the Canadian Copyright Association and rendered important services in that regard, and also Vice-President and President of the Canadian Associated Press, and Hon. President of the Toronto Press Club. He was present, with his wife, by invitation, in Westminster Abbey, at the coronation of King Edward and Queen Alexandra. As an author of Masonic works, Mr. Robertson is well known, having written the “History of the Degree of the Cryptic Rite in Canada,” etc. (1888); “History of the Knights Templar of Canada, from the Foundation of the Order to the Present Time” (1890); “Talks with Craftsmen” (1893); “Freemasonry in Canada,” 2 vols., 1,000 pages each (1899). He was a contributor to the U.C. College Memorial Volume, 1893, edited the “Diary of Mrs. John Graves Simcoe, wife of the First Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, 1792-6” (1911), as a press notice said, “The book of the year, a superb work,” and the author and compiler of “Robertson’s Landmarks of Toronto” (7 vols.). In 1888 the ambulance system in Toronto was unsatisfactory, and with a view to making it efficient, he imported from London, Eng., a modern ambulance, fully equipped, and presented it to the city. There are about sixty ambulances in Canada made from this model. The presentation marked a new era in this branch of humane work. He later gave a collection of 4,000 Canadian historical pictures to the Toronto Public Library, the largest collection of its kind in the world, valued at $150,000. In January, 1917, he acquired and presented to the Public Library a magnificent ornithological collection of birds and game of Canada, done in water-color by William Pope, an English sportsman and artist, who resided for forty years at Port Ryerse, Ont. This collection of water-colors is pronounced by eminent Canadian biologists to be equal of and in some respects superior to, the work of Audubon. Mr. Robertson later added to this another collection of Canadian birds, exquisite reproductions in color of hundreds of birds that are not in the Pope Collection, so that the entire collection is unparalleled in Canada. He founded and gave three magnificent silver cups, made by eminent British silversmiths, from special patterns, for the promotion of cricket, hockey and bowling; but it was as chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, that he will be most gratefully remembered. For thirty-five years he carried the chief burden of this important charitable institution, bringing to its needs not only much money of his own, but aiding it with the full force of his powers as a financier and organizer. He took an active part in the management and visited the Hospital every day. His gifts to the Hospital amounted to about half a million dollars during his lifetime, for he completely equipped the Hospital buildings on College St. and on Elizabeth St., and built and founded, in connection with the Hospital, the Lakeside Home for Little Children, at Lighthouse Point, Toronto Island, with an accommodation for 250 patients and an entire hospital equipment; here, during the summer months, the suffering little ones are won back to health and strength with the aid of the cool breezes which sweep across Lake Ontario. Included in his benefactions to the Hospital he erected, equipped and presented to the Hospital (as a memorial of his first wife) a five-storey nurses’ brick residence, containing 125 rooms, which has been declared to be the most perfect building of its kind ever erected; in July, 1911, he presented to the Heather Club an extension to the pavilion for tubercular children in connection with the Lakeside Home. He built and established a complete plant for the pasteurization of milk, on the Hospital grounds, College St., Toronto, the only one of its kind in the Dominion. By his will the whole of his estate will ultimately go to this philanthropy. He was an all-round amateur athlete, and has been sometimes called “The Father of Amateur Hockey in Ontario”; was President of the Ontario Hockey Association, 1899-1905. He sat for East Toronto in 1896-1900 in the House of Commons as an Independent Conservative, pledged to oppose any Government which would attempt to establish separate schools in Manitoba, to support the “National Policy,” and to vote for the general good of the country. According to Sir Charles Tupper (q.v.) he was in all respects “a model member,” and a devoted Imperialist. In religion he was a Presbyterian. In February, 1917, Mr. Robertson was offered in the New Year’s honors a knighthood and a senatorship, both of which honors he gratefully declined. A well-known politician said, “It is the first time in the history of Canada that anyone declined a knighthood and a senatorship in the same day.” He was a member of the National, Victoria and Arts and Letters Clubs; Constitutional (Conservative) Club, London, Eng. “A born journalist”—“Canada,” of London, Eng.; “A truly independent man”—D. McCarthy, Q.C., M.P.; “Possesses a heart as big as that of an ox”—Hamilton “Spectator”; “The good angel of many of Toronto’s charitable institutions”—Hamilton “Times”; “No man need desire a more noble monument than these Hospital buildings, which would keep Mr. Robertson’s memory green if all other achievements were forgotten”—Toronto “Globe”; “He has risen step by step until he is to-day recognized as one of the keenest, most practical and successful publishers of the Dominion. The blind goddess had nothing to do with his success”—Ottawa “Citizen.”

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