Chapter XXII: What I Owe to America

Whatever shortcomings I may have found during my fifty-year period of Americanization; however America may have failed to help my transition from a foreigner into an American, I owe to her the most priceless gift that any nation can offer, and that is opportunity.

As the world stands to-day, no nation offers opportunity in the degree that America does to the foreign-born. Russia may, in the future, as I like to believe she will, prove a second United States of America in this respect. She has the same limitless area; her people the same potentialities. But, as things are to-day, the United States offers, as does no other nation, a limitless opportunity: here a man can go as far as his abilities will carry him. It may be that the foreign-born, as in my own case, must hold on to some of the ideals and ideas of the land of his birth; it may be that he must develop and mould his character by overcoming the habits resulting from national shortcomings. But into the best that the foreign-born can retain, America can graft such a wealth of inspiration, so high a national idealism, so great an opportunity for the highest endeavor, as to make him the fortunate man of the earth to-day.

He can go where he will; no traditions hamper him; no limitations are set except those within himself. The larger the area he chooses in which to work, the larger the vision he demonstrates, the more eager the people are to give support to his undertakings if they are convinced that he has their best welfare as his goal. There is no public confidence equal to that of the American public, once it is obtained. It is fickle, of course, as are all publics, but fickle only toward the man who cannot maintain an achieved success.

A man in America cannot complacently lean back upon victories won, as he can in the older European countries, and depend upon the glamour of the past to sustain him or the momentum of success to carry him. Probably the most alert public in the world, it requires of its leaders that they be alert. Its appetite for variety is insatiable, but its appreciation, when given, is full-handed and whole-hearted. The American public never holds back from the man to whom it gives; it never bestows in a niggardly way; it gives all or nothing.

What is not generally understood of the American people is their wonderful idealism. Nothing so completely surprises the foreign-born as the discovery of this trait in the American character. The impression is current in European countries--perhaps less generally since the war--that America is given over solely to a worship of the American dollar. While between nations as between individuals, comparisons are valueless, it may not be amiss to say, from personal knowledge, that the Dutch worship the gulden infinitely more than do the Americans the dollar.

I do not claim that the American is always conscious of this idealism; often he is not. But let a great convulsion touching moral questions occur, and the result always shows how close to the surface is his idealism. And the fact that so frequently he puts over it a thick veneer of materialism does not affect its quality. The truest approach, the only approach in fact, to the American character is, as Viscount Bryce has so well said, through its idealism.

It is this quality which gives the truest inspiration to the foreign-born in his endeavor to serve the people of his adopted country. He is mentally sluggish, indeed, who does not discover that America will make good with him if he makes good with her.

But he must play fair. It is essentially the straight game that the true American plays, and he insists that you shall play it too. Evidence there is, of course, to the contrary in American life, experiences that seem to give ground for the belief that the man succeeds who is not scrupulous in playing his cards. But never is this true in the long run. Sooner or later--sometimes, unfortunately, later than sooner--the public discovers the trickery. In no other country in the world is the moral conception so clear and true as in America, and no people will give a larger and more permanent reward to the man whose effort for that public has its roots in honor and truth.

"The sky is the limit" to the foreign-born who comes to America endowed with honest endeavor, ceaseless industry, and the ability to carry through. In any honest endeavor, the way is wide open to the will to succeed. Every path beckons, every vista invites, every talent is called forth, and every efficient effort finds its due reward. In no land is the way so clear and so free.

How good an American has the process of Americanization made me? That I cannot say. Who can say that of himself? But when I look around me at the American-born I have come to know as my close friends, I wonder whether, after all, the foreign-born does not make in some sense a better American--whether he is not able to get a truer perspective; whether his is not the deeper desire to see America greater; whether he is not less content to let its faulty institutions be as they are; whether in seeing faults more clearly he does not make a more decided effort to have America reach those ideals or those fundamentals of his own land which he feels are in his nature, and the best of which he is anxious to graft into the character of his adopted land?

It is naturally with a feeling of deep satisfaction that I remember two Presidents of the United States considered me a sufficiently typical American to wish to send me to my native land as the accredited minister of my adopted country. And yet when I analyze the reasons for my choice in both these instances, I derive a deeper satisfaction from the fact that my strong desire to work in America for America led me to ask to be permitted to remain here.

It is this strong impulse that my Americanization has made the driving power of my life. And I ask no greater privilege than to be allowed to live to see my potential America become actual: the America that I like to think of as the America of Abraham Lincoln and of Theodore Roosevelt--not faultless, but less faulty. It is a part in trying to shape that America, and an opportunity to work in that America when it comes, that I ask in return for what I owe to her. A greater privilege no man could have.

EDWARD WILLIAM BOK

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

1863: October 9: Born at Helder, Netherlands.

1870; September 20: Arrived in the United States.

1870: Entered public schools of Brooklyn, New York.

1873: Obtained first position in Frost's Bakery, Smith Street,
Brooklyn, at 50 cents per week.

1876: August 7: Entered employ of the Western Union Telegraph
Company as office-boy.

1882: Entered employ of Henry Holt & Company as stenographer.

1884: Entered employ of Charles Scribner's Sons as stenographer.

1884: Became editor of _The Brooklyn Magazine_.

1886: Founded the Bok Syndicate Press.

1887: Published Henry Ward Beecher Memorial (privately printed).

1889: October 20: Became editor of _The Ladies' Home Journal_.

1890: Published _Successward_: Doubleday, McClure & Company.

1894: Published _Before He Is Twenty_: Fleming H. Revell Company.

1896: October 22: Married Mary Louise Curtis.

1897: September 7: Son born; William Curtis Bok.

1900: Published _The Young Man in Business_: L. G. Page & Company.

1905: January 25: Son born: Cary William Bok.

1906: Published _Her Brother's Letters_ (Anonymous): Moffat,
Yard & Company.

1907: Degree of LL.D. of Order of Augustinian Fathers conferred
by order of Pope Pius X., by the Most Reverend Diomede
Falconio, D.D., Apostolic Delegate to the United States,
at Villanova College.

1910: Degree of LL.D. conferred, in absentia, by Hope College,
Holland, Michigan (the only Dutch college in the United
States).

1911: Founded, with others. The Child Federation of
Philadelphia.

1912: Published _The Edward Bok Books of Self-Knowledge_;
five volumes: Fleming H. Revell Company.

1913: Founded, with others, The Merion Civic Association, at
Merion, Pennsylvania.

1915: Published _Why I Believe in Poverty_: Houghton, Mifflin
Company.

1916: Published poem, _God's Hand_, set to music by Josef
Hofmann: Schirmer & Company.

1917: Vice-president Philadelphia Belgian Relief Commission.

1917: Member of National Y. M. C. A. War Work Council.

1917: State chairman for Pennsylvania of Y. M. C. A. War Work
Council.

1918: Member of Executive Committee and chairman of Publicity
Committee, Philadelphia War Chest.

1918: Chairman of Philadelphia Y. M. C. A. Recruiting Committee.

1918: State chairman for Pennsylvania of United War Work
Campaign.

1918: August-November: visited the battle-fronts in France as
guest of the British Government.

1918: September 22: Relinquished editorship of _The Ladies'
Home Journal_, completing thirty years of service.

1920: September 20: Upon the 50th anniversary of arrival in
the United States, published _The Americanization of
Edward Bok_.

1921: May 30: Awarded the one thousand dollar Joseph Pulitzer
Prize for _The Americanization of Edward Bok_.

THE EXPRESSION OF A PERSONAL PLEASURE

I cannot close this record of a boy's development without an attempt to suggest the sense of deep personal pleasure which I feel that the imprint on the title-page of this book should be that of the publishing house which, thirty-six years ago, I entered as stenographer. It was there I received my start; it was there I laid the foundation of that future career then so hidden from me. The happiest days of my young manhood were spent in the employ of this house; I there began friendships which have grown closer with each passing year. And one of my deepest sources of satisfaction is, that during all the thirty-one years which have followed my resignation from the Scribner house, it has been my good fortune to hold the friendship, and, as I have been led to believe, the respect of my former employers. That they should now be my publishers demonstrates, in a striking manner, the curious turning of the wheel of time, and gives me a sense of gratification difficult of expression.

Edward W. Bok

INDEX

Abbey, Edwin A., 138
Abbott, Lyman, 144, 169
Adams, Charles F., 52
Adams, John, 52
Adams, John Quincy, 52
Addams, Jane, 168
_Adriatic_, 174
Alcott, Louisa, 46-51
Altman Collection, 139
American Lithographic Co., 24
_American Magazine_, 68
Antin, Mary, v
Appleton's _Encyclopaedia_, 15, 16, 29

Bakery shop, 9
Bangs, John Kendrick, 130
Baruch, Bernard, 173
Beaverbrook, Lord, 174
Beecher, Henry Ward, 55, 70-77
Bell, Alexander Graham, 15
Bellamy, Edward, 86
Bok, Cary William (son), 67
Bok, Edward William, arrival, 1;
schooldays, 2-7;
house-work, 8-9;
first money earned, 9;
first newspaper work, 11;
self-education, 15-25;
autograph collecting, 16-29;
study of shorthand, 26;
as a reporter, 26-29;
a visit to Boston, 31-46;
a visit to Concord, 46-52;
adventures in the stock-market, 59-67;
in the publishing business, 68-77;
employment with Scribner's, 78-86;
the Bok Syndicate Press, 86-90;
last years in New York, 97-107;
editorship of _The Ladies' Home Journal_, 103-107;
building up a magazine, 113-123;
visit to Oxford, 124-127;
adventures in art and civics, 134-146;
adventures in music, 160-167;
war time experiences, 168-180;
retirement as editor, 181-185
Bok, Mrs. Edward William, _see_ Curtis, Mary Louise
Bok, Sieke Gertrude (mother), 1, 99, 100, 106
Bok Syndicate Press, 87, 88
Bok, William (brother), 1, 87
Bok, William Curtis (son), 153-159
Bok, William J. H. (father), 1, 6, 8, 53, 59, 66
_Book Buyer_, 80
Boston, 31-46
_Boston Globe_, 17
_Boston Journal_, 90
Bourrienne, 100
Boy Scouts, 144, 145
Brewer, Owen W., 97
_Brooklyn Magazine_, 56-59, 68-71
_Brooklyn Eagle_, viii, 11, 17, 26, 53
Brooks, Phillips, 42-46, 57
Burlingame, Edward L., 78, 80
Burnett, Frances H., 84
Bush, Rufus T., 68

Carlyle, Thomas, 48
Carnegie, Andrew, v, 84, 102
Carroll, Lewis, 124-127
Cary, Anna Louise, 56
Cary, Clarence, 59-67, 78.
Chase, William M., xix
_Chicago Tribune_, 141
Childs, George W., 18, 106
_Cincinnati Times-Star_, 90
Claflin, H. B., 57
Coghlan, Rose, 53, 54
Colver, Frederic L., 55, 56, 70
Concord, 46-52
Coney Island, 10
_Cosmopolitan Magazine_, 69
Crawford, Marion, 130
Curtis, Cyrus H. K., 103-107, 120-123, 149
Curtis, Mrs. Cyrus H. K., 113, 149, 181
Curtis, Mary Louise, 14, 149, 161, 163
Curtis Publishing Company, 120

Dana, Charles A., 130
Davenport, Fanny, 99, 100
Davis, Jefferson, 22
De Koven, Reginald, 160
Dodgson, Charles L., _see_ Carroll, Lewis
Doubleday, Frank M., 80, 81, 97
Doyle, Conan, 130

Early, General Jubal, 17
Edison, Thomas A., 15
Elizabeth, Queen of the Belgians, 173
Elkius, George W., 139
Elman, Mischa, 164
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 30, 46-51
_Empress of Asia_, 180
Evarts, William M., 26

Farrar, Canon, 57
Field, Cyrus W., 186
Fifth Avenue Hotel, 18
Fourth of July, 140-142
Freer, Charles L., 139
Frick, Henry C., 139
Fulton Market, 74

Gardner, Mrs. John L., 139
Garfield, James A., 16, 18
Garland, Hamlin, 130
Garrison, William Lloyd, 52
Gerard, James W., 173
Gibbons, Cardinal, 57
Gibson, Charles Dana, 138
_Godey's Lady's Book_, 110
Gould, Jay, 59-67
Grant, Ulysses S., 17-22, 26, 57
Great War, 169-180
Greenaway, Kate, 128-129

Harland, Marion, 57
Harmon, Dudley, 171
Harper and Bros., 12
_Harper's Magazine_, 12
_Harper's Weekly_, 12
_Harper's Young People_, 12
Harris, Joel Chandler, 130
Harrison, Mrs. Burton, 130
Harte, Bret, 129
Hay, Ian, 172
Hayes, Rutherford B., 18, 26-30, 76
Hegeman, Evelyn Lyon, 56
Hitchcock, Ripley, 17
Hodges, Dean, 169
Hofman, Josef, 160-164
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 30-36
Holt, Henry, and Company, 68, 78
Hoover, Herbert, 172, 186
Hope, Anthony, 130
Howells, William Dean, 57, 119, 122, 168

Jerome, Jerome K., 130
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 130
Johnson, Eldridge R., 146
Johnson, John G., 139

Keller, Helen, 169
Kellogg, Clara Louise, 56
King, Horatio, 67
Kipling, Rudyard, 119, 130, 169
Knapp, Joseph P., 24

_Ladies' Home Journal_, 103-107, 113-123, 134, 160, 168-173,
181-185
Lane, Franklin K., 184
Lape, Esther Everett, 184
Lathrop, George P., 90
Lee, Robert E., 17
_Life_, 141
Lincoln, Mrs. Abraham, 22
_Literary Leaves_, 90, 104
Longfellow, Henry W., 17, 30, 37-42
Low, A. A., 28
Low, Seth, 57
Low, Will H., 138
Lynch, Albert, 138

McAdoo, William, 173
Mansfield, Richard, 85
Marchesi, Madame, 160
Mascagni, 160
Merion, 142-146, 149
Merion Civic Association, 143-146
Moffat, William D., 97
Moffat, Yard & Co., 97
Moody, Dwight L., 130
Morgan, J. Pierpont, 139
Moszkowski, 160
Mott, Lucretia, 52

Netherlands, 1, 3, 39, 194
_New York Star_, 90, 101
_New York Sun_, 171
_New York Tribune_, 17
Nightingale, Florence, 127
North, Ernest Dressel, 97
Northcliffe, Viscount, 172

_Outlook, The_, 144

Paderewski, 160
_Peterson's Magazine_, 110
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 130
Philadelphia Orchestra, 162-167
_Philadelphia Public Ledger_, 17
_Philadelphia Times_, 90, 103
Phillips, Wendell, 42, 43
_Philomathean Review_, 56
Philomathean Society, 55
Plymouth Church, 55, 70
_Plymouth Pulpit_, 56
Porter, Gene Stratton, 169
_Presbyterian Review_, 81
Pulitzer Prize, v
Pyle, Howard, 138

_Queen, The_, 1

Raymond, Rossiter W., 57
Riis, Jacob, v
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 171
Roosevelt, Theodore, 147-159

Safford, Ray, 97
Sangster, Margaret, 57
Schlicht, Paul J., 69
Scribner, Charles, 78
Scribner's Sons, Charles, 78-86, 106, 213
_Scribner's Magazine_, 80, 81, 97
Sheridan, Philip H., 26, 57
Sherman, William T., 18, 20, 21, 30, 57
Smedley, W. T., 138
Smith, F. Hopkinson, 169
Sousa, John Philip, 160
_South Brooklyn Advocate_, 10
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 82, 83
Stockton, Frank R., 84, 85
Stokowski, Leopold, 163
Strauss, Edouard, 160
Strauss, Richard, 160
Sullivan, Sir Arthur, 160

Taft, Charles P., 139
Taft, William H., 171
Talmage, T. DeWitt, 57
Taylor, W. L., 138
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 17
Thursby, Emma C., 56
Tosti, 160
Twain, Mark, 98, 99, 129

Vanderbilt, William H.,15
Van Dyke, Henry, 169
Van Rensselaer, Alexander, 166
Victor Talking Machine Co., 145

Walker, E. D., 69
Washington, George, 40
Webster, Jean, 169
Western Union Telegraph Co., 13, 14, 59-67
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 17
Widener, Joseph E., 139
Wiggin, Kate Douglas, 130, 169
Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 87, 88
Wiles, Irving R., 138
Wilkins, Mary E., 130
Wilson, Woodrow, 170

Young Men's Christian Association, 26