Chapter XX: Appendix: II (2)

The Convention provided that all questions considered by the tribunal, including the final award, should be decided by a majority of the Arbitrators. The tribunal was unanimous in deciding that the point of commencement of the line was Cape Muzon, the Southernmost point of Dall Island on the Western or ocean side of Prince of Wales Island. A unanimous opinion was also given to the effect that the Portland Channel is the channel which runs from about 55°56′ North latitude and passes seawards to the North of Pearse and Wales Islands; but on all subsequent points there was a division of opinion, the three American representatives and the Lord Chief Justice of England giving a majority award from which the two Canadian members of the tribunal most strongly dissented. The majority decided that the outlet of the Portland Channel to the sea was to be identified with the strait known as Tongass Channel, and that the line should be drawn along that channel and pass to the South of two islands named Sitklan and Khannaghunut islands, thus vesting the ownership of those islands in the United States. They also decided that the boundary line from the 56th parallel of North latitude to the point of intersection with the 141st degree of West longitude should run round the heads of the inlets and not cross them. One section of the line was not fully determined owing to the want of an adequate survey. The net result of the award was to substantiate the American claims, to give to the United States full command of the sea approaches to the Klondyke Mining districts, and to include within American territory two islands hard by the prospective terminus of a new Trans-Canadian Railway.

[Sidenote: The Behring Sea arbitration.]

It may be added that the Treaty of 30th March, 1867, by which Alaska was transferred from Russia to the United States, gave rise not only to the territorial boundary dispute of which an account has been given above, but also to a controversy as to American and British rights in the Behring Sea, more especially in connexion with the taking of seals. The questions at issue were settled at a much earlier date than the land boundary, having been, by a treaty signed at Washington on the 29th of February, 1892, referred to a tribunal of seven arbitrators, two named by the United States, two by Great Britain, and one each by the President of the French Republic, the King of Italy, and the King of Sweden and Norway. The arbitrators met in Paris and gave their award on the 15th of August, 1893, the substance of the award, as concurred in by the majority of the arbitrators, being that Russia had not exercised any exclusive rights of jurisdiction in Behring Sea or any exclusive rights to the seal fisheries in that sea outside the ordinary three-mile limit, and that no such rights had passed to the United States.

[Sidenote: The Treaty of April 11, 1908.]

The last phase in the evolution of the Boundary line between Canada and the United States is the Treaty of 11th of April, 1908, ‘for the delimitation of International Boundaries between Canada and the United States’, by which machinery is provided ‘for the more complete definition and demarcation of the International Boundary’, and for settling any small outstanding points such as, e.g., the boundary line through Passamaquoddy Bay.

FOOTNOTES:

[230] See the report of the Lords of the Committee of Council for Plantation Affairs, October 6, 1763, given at pp. 116-18 of _Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-91_ (Shortt and Doughty).

[231] See _State Papers_, vol. i, Part II, p. 1369.

[232] _Note._--The territory in dispute, however, seems partly to have been claimed by the United States as Federal Territory and not as belonging to Massachusetts. See the letter from Gallatin to Monroe, December 25, 1814. _State Papers_ for 1821-2, vol. ix, p. 562.

[233] See _State Papers_, vol. i, Part II, p. 1603.

[234] See _State Papers_, vol. i, Part II, p. 1625.

[235] See the two Blue Books of July, 1840, as to the ‘North American Boundary’.

[236] The above account of the boundary disputes between Great Britain and the United States in the region of Maine and New Brunswick has been mainly taken from the very clear and exhaustive _Monograph of the Evolution of the Boundaries of the Province of New Brunswick_, by William F. Ganay, M.A., Ph.D., 1901, published in the _Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada_, 1901-2, and also published separately.

[237] It will be found in the _State Papers_ for 1821-2, vol. ix, p. 791.

[238] The report will be found in the _State Papers_, 1866-7, vol. lvii, p. 803.

[239] This point is described in the report as ‘100 yards to the North and East of a small island named on the map Chapeau and lying opposite and near to the North-Eastern point of Isle-Royale’.

[240] _State Papers_, vol. i, Part I (1812-14), p. 784.

[241] _State Papers_, vol. vi, 1818-19, p. 3--also in Hertslet’s collection.

[242] As to the discovery of the Rocky Mountains, see vol. v, Part I of _Historical Geography of the British Colonies_, p. 214 and note.

[243] Correspondence relative to the negotiation of the question of the disputed right to the Oregon Territory on the North-West coast of America subsequent to the Treaty of Washington of August 9, 1842. Presented to Parliament in 1846, p. 39.

[244] A good account of the negotiations is in a _Historical Note_, 1818-46, included in a Blue Book of 1873, C.-692, North America, No. 5 (1873).

[245] The boundaries of British Columbia had been fixed by an Imperial Act of 1863.

INDEX

Abercromby, 51, 102, 126, 189, 203.

Acadia, 49, 50, 69, 238 n., &c.

Act of 1791. _See_ Canada Act.

Adams, John, 289.

Adet, 289.

Administration of Justice. _See_ Justice, Administration of.

Albany, 24, 140, 145-9, 154, 157, 165-72, 174-5, 182, 203.

Alleghany, the, 9, 19, 59, 83.

Allen, Ethan, 101, 106, 107, 119 n., 191.

American Civil War, 228-9.

Amherst, Lord, 11, 15, 17, 19, 23, 63, 102, 106, 125, 126, 129, 130,
189, 203, 289.

Amiens, Peace of. _See_ Treaty.

Anne, Fort, 164, 166, 167, 188.

Anticosti Island, 2, 3, 80.

Arbuthnot, Marriot, 127, 198.

Arnold, Benedict, 98 n., 101, 108-12, 113, 114, 116-20, 122, 123,
157, 175, 177, 178, 180 n., 185, 198, 199, 291.

Ashburton Treaty. _See_ Treaty.

Assemblies, Legislative, 3, 4, 71-3, 77, 87-9, 241, 243, 245,
257-65, 295-6, 318-9.

Australia, 32, 44, 45, 205, 278.

Bahamas, 223.

Barbados, 52 n., 253-4.

Bathurst, Lord, 278.

Batten Kill river, 169, 170, 175.

Baum, Colonel, 169-71, 170 n.

Baye des Chaleurs, 2, 224.

Beaver Creek, 27, 83.

Bedard, 307.

Bedford or Raestown, 17, 19, 20.

Belêtre, 12.

Bemus’ Heights, 174.

Bennington, 168-72, 171-2 n., 198.

Bermuda, 257.

Bird, Lieutenant, 153, 156.

Bloody Run. _See_ Parents Creek.

Bonaparte, Jerome, 300.

Boston, 85, 95, 96, 107, 130-2, 182, 213, 221, 309.

Bouquet, Henry, 11, 17, 18 n., 19, 20 and n., 21, 22 and n., 23, 24,
26, 27, 188.

Bouquet river, 159.

Braddock, General, 14, 18, 19, 21, 174.

Bradstreet, Colonel, 23-6, 98 n.

Brandywine, 134, 289.

Brant County, 234.

Brant, Joseph, 97 n., 119 n., 148-58, 150 n., 185-7, 186 n., 232-5.

Brant, Molly, 58, 149, 155.

Brantford, 152, 234, 235 n.

Breyman, Colonel, 170, 171, 176, 178, 179 n.

Brock, Isaac, 317.

Bunker’s Hill, 90, 106, 125-6, 130, 131, 150, 303.

Burgoyne, 116, 122, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 138, 139, 144, 145,
146, 152, 158-85, 160 n., 180 n., 182 n., 187, 188, 203,
237-8, 303.

Burke, 54, 83, 89, 117, 128, 135, 216, 244.

Burke’s Act 1782, 298 n.

Burnet, Governor, 147.

Burton, Colonel, 63-5, 67.

Bushy Run, 21.

Butler, Colonel John, 152, 155, 156, 185.

Butler, Walter, 187.

Caghnawagas, 148-9 n.

Cahokia, 10.

Camden, 174, 197, 198.

Camden, Lord, 87, 129 n.

Campbell, Captain, 15.

Campbell, Colonel, 196.

Campbell, Major John, 98 n., 286.

Canada, 4-6, 8-10, 37, 39, 45, 50-3, 59-74, 114-5, 206-7, 210-1,
238-41, 263-4, 289-319 _et passim_.

Canada, Lower, 232, 238 and n., 246-319.

Canada, Upper, 85, 223-5, 232, 238 n., 246-319.

Canada Act, 239, 242-79, 312.

Canada Trade Act, 271.

Canadians. _See_ French Canadians.

Canals, 191, 239.

Canning, George, 310.

Cap François, 199.

Cap Rouge, 110.

Cape Breton, 3, 80, 223, 224, 237 n., 238 n., 292.

Cape Diamond, 112.

Carignan-Salières Regiment, 230.

Carleton, 32, 68, 75, 76, 89-100, 94 n., 95 n., 96 n., 102, 103-16,
118 and n., 119 n., 122-6, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137-44, 152,
158, 159, 161, 165, 173, 182, 185, 201, 220, 226, 236-88, 250
n., 295, 303.

Carleton Island, 185.

Carleton, Major, 188.

Carlisle, 19, 20.

Carlisle, Lord, 214.

Carolina, 196-9, 218, 220, 222, 304.

Carroll, 122.

Castine, 188.

Castlereagh, Lord, 303, 310.

Castleton, 164, 167, 169.

Cataraqui. _See_ Frontenac, Fort.

Cavendish, Lord John, 215, 216.

Cayugas, 148, 234.

Cedars, the, 119 and n., 120, 152.

Chambly, Fort, 102, 107, 108 and n., 122, 123, 239.

Champlain, Lake, 2, 52 n., 90, 101, 102, 105, 106, 109, 122-5, 130,
138, 145, 157, 159, 162-4, 174, 185, 187, 203, 239.

Charleston, 132, 173 n., 196, 197, 201, 222, 282-3.

Chartres, Fort, 9, 23, 27, 28.

Chatham. _See_ Pitt.

Chaudière river, 109, 185.

Cherry Valley, 151, 186, 187, 212.

Chesapeake Bay, 134, 175, 199, 200.

_Chesapeake_ frigate, 303.

Choiseul, 31.

Christie, Ensign, 17.

Christie, Robert, 315, &c.

Church of England, 265-7.

Civil List, 255.

Clark, George Rogers, 187, 188, 236 n.

Clarke, Sir Alured, 271, 272, 304.

Claus, Colonel Daniel, 152.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 125, 126, 129 and n., 132-4, 175, 177, 181,
195-201.

Clive, Lord, 160.

Cobbett, William, 313.

Colbert, 64, 71.

Collier, Admiral, 127, 188.

Colonies, Relation to Mother Country, 37-59.

Companies, 40.

Congress, 60, 95, 97, 101, 106, 120, 184, 190, 191, 211, 213, 214,
300.

Connecticut, 101, 164, 166, 167, 186 n., 221.

Conway, General, 115, 136 n.

Cornwallis, Lord, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 197-201, 304.

Council of Trade and Plantations. _See_ Trade.

Councils, Executive, 142-3, 194, 252-65, 272, 296.

Councils, Legislative, 73, 79, 87, 105, 194-5, 241-3, 249-67.

Courtenay, 237.

Cowpens, 113, 198.

Craig, Sir James, 303-19.

Cramahé, Lieutenant-Governor, 142.

Croghan, 28.

Crown Lands, 95, 253, 266, 290-1, 295, &c.

Crown Land Funds, 253-5, 290.

Crown Point, Fort, 90, 101, 102, 123, 124, 161, 163, 167, 173, 185.

Cumberland, Fort, 19.

Customs Arrangement, 270-1.

Cuyler, Lieutenant, 15, 16.

Dalhousie, Lord, 278.

Dalyell, Captain, 17, 18 and n., 20.

D’Anville, 49.

Dartmouth, Lord, 104, 124, 135.

Dayton, Fort, 154, 157, 186.

Dead river, 109.

De Barras, 200.

De Grasse, Admiral, 127, 199-201.

Delaware river, 59, 132, 133, 139.

Delawares. _See_ Indians.

De Puisaye, Count Joseph, 230-2.

De Rochambeau, 198-200.

D’Estaing, Admiral, 184, 196.

Detroit, 9, 12-18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 225, 238, 245, 247, 284, 286.

Detroit river, 12, 14, 15, 16, 232, 275.

Diamond Island, 173.

D’Iberville, 49.

Dorchester, Lord. _See_ Carleton.

Drummond, Gordon, 147.

Du Calvet, 190 and n.

Dundas, 240 n., 265, 266, 267, 274, 276, 281, 284, 285.

Dundas Street, 274.

Dunmore, Lord, 221.

Dunn, Thomas, 298.

Dunning, 82.

Duquesne, Fort. _See_ Pittsburg.

Durham, Lord, 205, 248 n., 253, 260, 271, 279, 316.

Dutchman’s Point, 239.

Eastern Townships, 308.

East Florida. _See_ Florida.

Ecorces river, 14.

Ecuyer, Captain, 20.

Edge Hill, 21, 22, 26.

Education, 296-7.

Edward, Fort, 146, 164-8, 169, 172, 174, 175, 179-81.

Egremont, Lord, 5.

Elphinstone, Admiral, 304.

Erie. _See_ Presque Isle.

Erie, Lake, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 23, 83, 84, 233-4, 275, 282,
284, 286.

Etherington, Captain, 16.

Eutaw Springs, 199.

Executive Council. _See_ Council.

Famars, 274.

Fees and Perquisites, 92, 193, 194, 280-1.

Ferguson, Major, 198.

Finlay, Hugh, 248 n.

Firth, 316.

Fishing Rights, 3, 80-1 and n.
American, 211, 264.
French, 1.

Fish Kill Stream, 180, 181.

Florida, 1, 5, 27, 28, 189, 190, 196, 223.

Forbes, General John, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 51.

Forster, Captain, 119 and n., 120, 121.

Fox, 87, 117, 128, 151, 160, 201, 216, 217, 219, 243, 244, 252, 262,
267, 287.

France, Declaration of War, 282.

Francis, Colonel, 164.

Franklin, Benjamin, 59, 122, 201, 204, 208, 227, 258.

Franklin, William, 59, 212.

Fraser, General, 164, 170, 176-8, 180.

Frazer, Captain, 171.

Freehold Court House, 196.

Freeman’s Farm, 176, 180 n.

French Canadians, 24, 60, 67 n., 75-8, 81, 91-100, 247, 249, 293-7,
310-12, 317-18, &c.

French Creek, 9, 12.

French designs on Canada, 300-2.

French Intervention, War of Independence, 184.

French Royalists Settlement, 230-2, 232 n.

French Rule in Canada, 8-10, 39, 64-6, 141, 252, 294.

Frontenac, Count, 8, 147, 185, 288.

Frontenac, Fort, 9, 24, 225.

Gage, General, 4, 23, 25, 63, 64, 90, 95, 96, 97, 104, 107, 125,
126, 131, 190.

Gananoque river, 275 n.

Gansevoort, Colonel, 153.

Gaspé Peninsula, 2, 224.

Gates, General, 124, 172, 174, 175, 180 n., 181, 182, 197, 198.

General Assemblies. _See_ Assemblies.

Genet, 282, 283.

George, Fort, 90, 101, 122, 166, 188, 272.

George, Lake, 52 n., 58, 102, 162, 163, 166, 167, 173, 174, 187.

Georgia, 1, 196, 222.

Germain, Lord George, 124, 125, 131, 135-41, 152, 158, 165, 172,
173, 182, 190, 191, 195, 201, 215, 217.

German Flatts, 154-5, 186.

German Regiments, 37, 122, 133, 134, 138, 152, 162, 169, 176, 178.

Germantown, 134.

Gibraltar, 69, 201.

Gladwin, Major, 14, 15, 17, 23, 25.

Glenelg, Lord, 279.

Glengarry County, 229.

Gloucester, 199.

Gore, Francis, 316.

Grand river, 233, 234, 235 n.

Grant, Alexander, 298.

Graves, Admiral, 107, 127, 200, 273.

Greek Colonies, 42-3, 45 n., 205.

Green Bay, Fort, 17, 25.

Green Mountain Boys, 101, 191.

Greene, Nathaniel, 128, 198, 199.

Greenville Treaty. _See_ Treaty.

Grenada, 1, 88.

Grenville, George, 53, 54 and n.

Grenville, Lord, 240 n., 246-55, 265, 285.

Guildford Court House, 198.

Habeas Corpus, 74, 88 and n., 95, 193, 195, 241, 242-3, 244.

Haldimand County, 234.

Haldimand, Sir Frederick, 63, 88 n., 143, 147, 150, 185, 188-95, 189
n., 190 n., 220, 224, 225, 233, 236, 239, 241, 246.

Half Moon, 174.

Halifax, 114, 188, 213, 221.

Hamilton, Alexander, 227, 282, 285.

Hamilton, Lieutenant-Governor, 187, 236 n.

Hampshire Grants, 167.

Hastings, Warren, 160.

Havana, 1, 68.

Hawke, Admiral, 127.

Herkimer, General Nicholas, 154-7.

Hessians. _See_ German Regiments.

Hey, Chief Justice, 103 and n., 104, 105 n., 106, 141.

Highlanders, 20, 22, 28, 229, 230.

Hillsborough, Lord, 92, 135.

Hobkirk’s Hill, 199.

Hood, Sir Samuel, 127, 200.

Hoosick river, 168, 170.

Hope, Colonel, 236 n.

Hope, Mount, 173.

Howe, Admiral, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139, 196.

Howe, General, 107, 125, 126, 129 and n., 130-4, 138, 139, 145, 146,
167, 168, 172, 175, 195, 213, 221, 222.

Huberton, 164.

Hudson Bay, 257.

Hudson Bay Company’s Territories, 6, 7, 70, 80, 82, 210, 292.

Hudson river, 131, 132, 134, 146, 165-7, 170, 173-83, 196, 200, 203.

Hudson Straits, 3, 80.

Hunter, General, 292, 298.

Huron, Lake, 2, 5, 9, 13, 232 n., 233, 275.

Illinois, 4, 27, 84, 187.

Illinois Indians. _See_ Indians.

Independence, Mount, 162, 163-5, 175.

Independence, War of, 90-207 _et passim_.
Causes, 30-63, &c.
Effects, 204-7.

Indians, 5-29, 53, 57-9, 96-7, 97 n., 119-21, 124, 147-59, 153 n.,
168, 185-7, 281-6.
Delawares, 23-6.
Illinois, 9, 27.
Iroquois. _See_ Six Nations.
Mississaugas, 233.
Mohawks, 148-50, 148-9 n., 152, 232-5, 235 n.
Ojibwas, 16.
Oneidas, 58, 147.
Ottawas, 12, 16.
Pontiac’s War, 10-29, 99.
Senecas, 10, 22, 24, 148, 152.
Shawanoes, 24, 27.
Six Nations, 10, 22, 58 and n., 59, 83, 147-59, 150 n., 187, 232-5.
Tuscaroras, 147-8.
War with United States, 281-6.
Wyandots, 25.

Indian Territory, 5-7, 58-9, 83, 233-4.

Inglis, Bishop, 267.

Isle aux Noix, 106, 123, 124, 185.

Isle Royale. _See_ Cape Breton.

James river, 199.

Jay, John, 227, 282, 284-5.

Jay’s Treaty. _See_ Treaty.

Jefferson, Thomas, 282, 284, 289.

Jews, exclusion from Quebec Assembly, 305-6.

Johnson, Colonel Guy, 98 n., 149-51.

Johnson, Sir John, 149, 152, 155, and n., 156, 242.

Johnson, Sir William, 24, 27, 28, 57, 58 and n., 59, 71, 97 and n.,
102, 147, 149, 151.

Johnson’s Royal Greens, 152.

Judges, exclusion from Quebec Assembly, 305-6.

Justice, Administration of, 73, 77, 79, 92, 248, 265, 272.

Kalm, Peter, 30, 31 and n.

Kaskaskia, 187.

Kaskaskia river, 9, 187.

Kempt, Sir James, 309.

Kennebec river, 109.

King’s Mountain, 198.

Kingston, 9, 225, 232, 233, 242, 272.

Kirkland, Samuel, 148.

Labrador, 2, 3, 80, 81, 80-1 n.

Lachine, 120.

Lafayette, 184, 187, 199, 200, 250.

La Mothe Cadillac, 9.

Land Tenure, 59, 95, 243, 247, 267, 290, 291, 293.

Language Question, 248, 297.

La Prairie, 123.

La Salle, 8, 9.

La Tranche river. _See_ Thames.

Le Bœuf, Fort, 9, 11-12, 17, 20.

Le Canadien, 297, 305, 307, 311.

Lecky, Professor, 38, 48, 128.

Lee, General Charles, 132, 196.

Legislative Council. _See_ Council.

Levis, 114.

Levis, Point, 110, 113.

Lexington, 90, 101, 125.

Ligonier, Fort, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

Lincoln, Benjamin, 173 and n., 175, 197.

Liverpool, Lord, 310, 313, 315.

Liverpool Regiment, the 8th Regiment, 152, 153.

Livius, Peter, 140-4, 143 n., 194 and n., 195 and n., 237, 248, 255,
280.

Loftus, Major, 28.

Logs Town, 83.

London, Ontario, 275.

Long Sault Rapids, 2.

Loudoun, General, 126.

Loughborough, Lord, 215.

Louis XIV, 64, 230, 247.

Louisbourg, 41, 49, 50, 51, 52 n., 61, 117, 289.

Louisiana, 1, 10, 37, 50, 230, 282, 283, 302.

Loyalhannon, 19.

Loyalists, 36, 61, 106, 130, 135, 152, 169, 170, 171, 185, 191, 196,
197, 198, 208-35, 218 n., 236, 238 and n., 239, 242, 290, 292.

Loyalist Corps, 220-1, 273.

Lumber Trade, 308.

Luttrell, Captain, 237.

Lymburner, Adam, 243, 247, 262.

Macartney, Lord, 304.

Macdonells, the, 229, 230 and n.

Maclane, 289.

Maclean, Colonel, 108, 111, 188.

Madelaine Island, 3.

Madison, President, 319.

Mahan, Captain, 130.

Maine, 84, 209.

Maitland, Sir Peregrine, 278.

Marion, General, 227.

Masères, 79.

Massachusetts, 37, 52 n., 81, 85, 86, 188, 209, 221.

Maumee river, 9, 13, 16, 284, 286.

McCrae, Jane, 168.

Megantic, Lake, 109.

Melville, Lord. _See_ Dundas.

Miami, 9, 13, 16, 25, 281, 284, 286.

Michigan, Lake, 5, 9, 16.

Michigan Peninsula, 286.

Michillimackinac, Fort, 9, 13, 16, 25, 239.

Militia, Canadian, 114, 294-5, 303.

Miller, Fort, 175.

Milnes, Robert Shore, 292-6, 298, 316.

Mississaugas. _See_ Indians.

Mississippi, 1, 4, 5, 9, 27, 28, 32, 51, 80, 83, 84, 187, 302.

Mohawk river, 24, 145-58, 168, 169, 174.

Mohawks. _See_ Indians.

Molson, John, 308.

Monckton, General, 12.

Monmouth, Battle of, 196.

Monongahela river, 14.

Montcalm, 31 and n., 41, 42 n., 102, 147, 153.

Montgomery, Robert, 60, 106-13, 110 n., 114, 116-18, 118 n., 185.

Montreal, 11, 12, 17, 63, 65, 67, 70, 73, 80, 91, 97, 102, 105,
106-10, 119, 120, 122, 157, 189, 238, 239, 245, 247, 270, 276,
308.

Moreau, 300.

Morgan, Daniel, 113, 175, 198.

Morris, Captain, 25.

Morse, Colonel Robert, 223-4.

Mulgrave, Lord, 216.

Murray, General James, 4, 61 and n., 63-8, 67 n., 72, 73, 74, 75,
77, 78, 93, 100, 109, 114, 193, 296 n.

Muskingum river, 26.

Napoleon, 302, 308, 311, 317.

Native Question, 56-9.

Navigation Laws, 41, 47.

Navy Hall, 272.

Newark, 272, 275 and n.

New Brunswick, 80, 84, 209, 223, 224, 237, 238 n., 263, 264, 292.

New England, 24, 39, 40, 41, 43, 49, 50, 52 and n., 53, 56, 62, 81,
104, 166-7, 169, 174, 196, 197, 221, 223.

Newfoundland, 1, 3, 50, 69, 80, 81, 114.

New Hampshire, 101.

New Jersey, 59, 132, 186 n., 198, 200, 212, 213.

New Orleans, 1, 28, 282, 302.

Newport, 133, 200.

New York, 13, 24, 40, 50, 59, 63, 69, 90, 101, 129, 130, 132, 133,
174, 175, 181, 185, 186 n., 189, 191, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200,
221, 222, 223, 224, 229, 236.

New Zealand, 45, 57.

Niagara, Fort, 9, 11, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 185, 239, 275 and n.

Niagara river, 9, 15, 24, 82, 225, 233, 272.

Nipissim or Nipissing, Lake, 2.

Non-intercourse Acts, 308.

Nootka Sound Convention, 261.

Norfolk, 221.

North, Lord, 83, 136, 139, 192, 193, 201, 215, 216, 217, 219, 226,
227.

North-west Company, 292.

Nova Scotia, 3, 80, 209, 219, 220 n., 223, 224, 236, 236-7 n., 238
n., 267, 292, 315.

Ogdensburg, 119, 239.

Ohio, 9, 13, 18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 41, 51, 58, 59, 80, 83, 84, 239,
281, 282, 283, 284, 286.

Ojibwas. _See_ Indians.

Oneida, 234.

Oneida County, 59.

Oneida, Lake, 147.

Oneidas. _See_ Indians.

Onondaga, 234, _and see_ Oswego.

Ontario, 3, 5, 6, 11, 223, 224, 229, 238, _and see_ Upper Canada.

Ontario, Lake, 5, 9, 11, 45, 80, 83, 146, 147, 185, 225, 233, 272.

Oriskany, 148, 155-7, 157 n.

Osgoode, Chief Justice, 280, 291, 296.

Oswald, Richard, 201, 202, 217, 227.

Oswegatchie. _See_ Ogdensburg.

Oswego, 24, 28, 146, 147, 153, 157, 158, 189, 239.

Ottawa river, 2, 3.

Ottawas. _See_ Indians.

Ouatanon, Fort, 9, 16, 28.

Ours or Ouse, River. _See_ Grand river.

Palliser, Sir Hugh, 80.

Panet, M., 305, 306.

Parents Creek, 17, 18.

Peace of Paris. _See_ Treaty.

Peel, Sir Robert, 310.

Penns, the, 83, 220.

Pennsylvania, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 53, 56, 57, 59, 83, 84, 85, 172,
186 and n., 218, 220, 222.

Penobscot river, 188.

Pepperell, Sir W., 62.

Pepperell, Sir W., 212.

Percival, 310, 313.

Philadelphia, 13, 20, 26, 95, 129-34, 146, 175, 195, 196, 200, 213,
222.

Phillips, General, 199.

Piquet, Abbé, 119.

Pitt, the elder, 32, 37, 51, 81, 89, 126, 128, 136 n., 183.

Pitt, the younger, 201, 220, 237, 244, 245, 248, 252, 261, 262, 267,
268, 273, 287.

Pittsburg, 9, 12, 17-22, 23, 26, 51, 59, 83.

Plattsburg, 123, 124.

Plymouth Settlement, 43.

Point au Fer, 162, 239.

Pointe aux Trembles, 110.

Point Levis. _See_ Levis, Point.

Pontiac, 10, 12, 14, 18, 23, 25, 27, 28, 99, 150, 151.

Pontiac’s War. _See_ Indians.

Portland, Duke of, 219, 231, 240 n., 278, 285, 286, 292.

Port Royal, 41, 50.

Powys, 242, 243.

Prescott, Robert, 286-92, 296, 303, 305.

Prés de Ville, 112.

Presque Isle, 9, 11, 16, 17, 20, 25, 83, 239.

Preston, Major, 107 and n., 108.

Prevost, Sir George, 196, 289 n. 309, 314, 319.

Prideaux, 147.

Prince Edward Island, 3, 80, 236-7 n., 292.

Proclamation of 1763, 1-8, 58, 66, 70, 79, 82, 83, 140.

Protestant Clergy, 265-7.

Protestants, 68, 74-8, 89, 95 n., 100, 229, &c.

Quebec, Province of, 1-4, 70, 79-82, 82 n., 84, 86, 88 n., 225, 236,
238, 241, 242, 245, 246-64, 270, &c.

Quebec, Town of, 3, 41, 52 n., 60, 63, 65, 67, 69, 90, 91, 92, 95,
97, 105, 106-19, 124, 131, 185, 236, 237, 238, 247, 267, 270,
287, 289, 308, &c.

Quebec Act of 1774, 8, 37, 60, 68-89, 87 n., 93, 95, 96, 98, 100,
103-6, 140, 141, 195, 240, 242, 243-4.

Quebec Revenue Act, 87 n., 269 n.

Quiberon Bay, 127, 230.

Quinté, Bay of, 225, 233, 235 n.

Raestown. _See_ Bedford.

Rahl, General, 133, 134.

Randolph, 282, 284.

Rawdon, Lord, 199.

Religion, 72, 74, 76-9, 86, 95 n., 248, 265-9, 294, 296-7, 310-11.
_See also_ Protestants _and_ Roman Catholics.

Rhode Island, 133, 167, 196, 197, 198, 200.

Richelieu river, 71, 108, 114, 122, 123, 185, 224, 239.

Riedesel, Baron, 122, 162, 164, 167, 169, 176, 177.

Robertson, Colonel, 19.

Rockingham, Lord, 160, 201.

Rodney, Admiral, 127, 200, 201.

Rogers, Major Robert, 11-13, 11 n., 12 n., 13 n., 17, 18, 102.

Roman Catholics, 61, 72 and n., 74, 76-9, 85-9, 95 n., 265, 266,
294, 296, 311, 312, 314, 318.

Rosieres, Cape, 2.

Ross, Major, 188.

Roubaud, 31 n.

Rouillé, Fort. _See_ Toronto.

Royal American Regiment, 13, 20, 52 n.

Royal Highland Emigrants, 111.

Russell, Peter, 286-7.

Ryland, 309-14, 310 n.

Sabine, 227.

Sackville, Lord George. _See_ Germain.

Saguenay river, 2 and n.

St. Charles river, 110, 112.

St. Clair, General, 163, 281, 283.

St. Clair, Lake, 9, 14, 275.

St. Domingo, 273, 302.

St. Francis, Lake, 119, 225, 239.

St. Francis river, 185.

St. Jean _or_ St. John’s Island. _See_ Prince Edward Island.

St. John, Lake, 2.

St. John river, 2 and n., 3, 80, 223.

St. John’s, Fort, 102, 105, 106-8, 107 n., 122, 123, 124, 239.

St. Joseph, Fort, 16.

St. Lawrence, River and Gulf, 2, 5, 9, 11, 71, 80, 83, 84, 109, 119,
120, 122, 174, 185, 225, 239, 264, 270, 308.

St. Leger, Colonel, 138, 145, 146-58, 157 n., 168, 169, 172, 174,
187, 236 n.

St. Louis, Lake, 120, 239.

St. Luc de la Corne, 189.

St. Roch, 110, 112.

Saints, Battle of the, 201.

Sancoick Mill, 170, 174.

Sandusky, Fort, 9, 16, 25, 27.

Sandy Hook, 196.

Saratoga, 116, 131, 160, 168, 170, 180-4, 201, 304.

Sault au Matelot, 112.

Sault St. Marie, 25.

Saunders, Admiral, 127, 273.

Savannah, 196, 201, 222.

Savile, Sir George, 87.

Schenectady, 149.

Schuyler, Fort. _See_ Stanwix, Fort.

Schuyler, General Philip, 106, 107, 153, 174-5.

Secretary of State for American Department, 135, 240 n.

Senecas. _See_ Indians.

Seven Years’ War, 9, 41, 69, 99, 127, 207.

Shawanoes. _See_ Indians.

Shelburne, Lord, 74, 91, 94, 201, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220.

Shelburne, Township, 223-4.

Sherbrooke, Sir John, 188.

Sheridan, 216, 243, 244.

Simcoe, John Graves, 232 n., 234, 271-6, 273-4 n., 275 n., 284,
286-7.

Simcoe, Lake, 232 and n., 273, 274.

Six Nations. _See_ Indians.

Skenesborough, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 173.

Smith, Adam, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51 n., 53, 107 n.

Smith, Chief Justice, William, 255-61, 276, 280.

Sorel, 108, 114, 185, 224.

Spain, 1, 2, 282, 283, 302.

Spanish America, 38, 39, 48.

Springfield, 185.

Stamp Act, 41, 54 and n., 55.

Stanwix, Fort, 59, 147, 152-8, 157 n., 169, 172, 174, 175.

Stanwix, Fort, Agreement. _See_ Treaty.

Stanwix, General, 18, 153.

Stark, John, 171.

Staten Island, 132.

Stillwater, 168, 170 n., 174.

Stopford, Major, 107, 108 n.

Stormont, Lord, 215.

Stuart, Colonel, 199.

Stuart, James, 316.

Suffolk, 95.

Sugar Hill, 163, 173.

Sullivan, General John, 187, 196.

Sulpician Seminary, 312, 314.

Sumter, General, 197.

Superior, Lake, 5.

Susquehanna, 59, 151, 185.

Sydney, Lord, 240 and n., 243, 245, 246.

Talon, 64, 71.

Tarleton, 197, 198.

Taxation, 41, 42, 267-9, 267-8 and n., 269 n.

Tea duty, 267-8.

Tecumseh, 150.

Telegraphs, 203-4.

Thames, 274, 275 and n.

Thayandenegea, 148. _See also under_ Brant.

Thompson, General, 122.

Thorpe, Judge, 296, 316.

Three Rivers, 63, 70, 73, 109, 110, 114, 119, 122, 189, 238, 305.

Ticonderoga, 51, 90, 101, 123, 124, 125, 138, 140, 161-6, 167, 169,
172, 173, 174, 185, 281.

Titles of honour, 251, 252.

Toronto, 11, 232, 274 and n., 275.

Toussaint L’Ouverture, 302.

Townshend, Thomas. _See_ Sydney.

Trade, Lords of, 3-6, 135, 195, &c.

Treaty,
Aix la Chapelle, 49.
Amiens, 301.
Ashburton, 84.
Fort Stanwix, 59, 151.
Greenville, 286.
Jay’s, 1794, 218, 285, 286.
Paris, 1763, 1, 5, 10, 27, 30, 33, 66 n., 72 and n.
Paris, 1778, 184 n.
Secret, 1762, 1.
Utrecht, 49, 50, 69.
Versailles, 1783, 33, 201-2, 208-18, 239.

Trenton, 133, 134, 135, 138, 198, 213.

Trevelyan, Sir George, 46.

Tryon County, 117, 151, 154, 187.

Tuscarawa, 26.

Tuscaroras. _See_ Indians.

Tyendenaga, 233.

Unadilla river, 59.

Uniacke, 315.

United Empire Loyalists. _See_ Loyalists.

United States, 32, 33, 56, 59, 61, 84, 184, 188, 193, 204-18, 225,
226, 239, 263, 264, 265, 281-6, 300, 302, 318, &c.

Upper Canada. _See_ Canada, Upper.

Utrecht. _See_ Treaty.

Valcour Island, 123.

Vancouver, 261.

Vancouver Island, 261.

Vaudreuil, 120.

Venango, Fort, 9, 17, 20.

Vermont, 101, 185, 186 n, 191, 192, 239, 289.

Vincennes, Fort, 9, 28, 187.

Virginia and Virginians, 18, 20, 26, 27, 53, 59, 84, 85, 196, 198,
199, 200, 215, 220, 221.

Wabash river, 9, 16, 28, 187.

Walker, Admiral, 49.

Walker, Magistrate, 67, 97.

Walpole, Horace, 22 and n., 107 n., 115 and n., 116 and n., 124,
136, 137, 160 and n., 161, 165, 171-2 n., 180 n., 204 n.

Walsingham, 215.

Warner, Seth, 101.

Warren, Admiral, 50, 62.

Washington, George, 32, 62, 109, 127, 128, 132, 133, 134, 138, 139,
172, 184, 187, 196, 199, 200, 208, 212, 221, 282-5.

Wayne, Anthony, 283, 284, 286.

Wayne, Fort. _See_ Miami.

Webb, General Daniel, 126, 153.

Wedderburn, Solicitor-General, 88 n.

Western Territories, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86.

West Florida. _See_ Florida.

West Indies, 1, 127, 199, 200, 223, 289.

Wilberforce, 216.

Willcocks, 316.

Willett, Colonel, 153-7, 155 n., 157 n.

William Henry, Fort. _See_ George, Fort.

Williams, Fort, 153.

Wills Creek, 19.

Wilmington, 198.

Wilmot, John Eardley, 219, 220 n.

Windham, Township, 232.

Windham, William, 231.

Wolfe, 17, 24, 32, 52 and n., 68, 110, 114, 116, 125, 130, 183, 289.

Wood Creek, 58, 147, 153, 154, 164 n.

Wood Creek (Lake Champlain), 164 and n., 166.

Wyandots. _See_ Indians.

Wyatt, 316.

Wyoming, 185, 186 and n. 212.

Yonge, Sir George, 274.

Yonge Street, 232 n., 274.

York. _See_ Toronto.

York, Duke of, 274-5.

York river, 199.

Yorktown, 126, 183, 199, 200, 201, 217.

=MAP OF EASTERN CANADA AND PART OF THE UNITED STATES=

B. V. Barbishire, Oxford, 1908.
]

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