Chapter II: Foreword: iii

APPROXIMATE DATING OF EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES v

RULERS OF PHARAN AND THE CONVENT OF SINAI vii

CHIEF AUTHORITIES ix

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii

I. INTRODUCTORY 1

II. SINAI A CENTRE OF MOON-CULT 8

III. THE SANCTUARY AT SERABIT 17

IV. THE EGYPTIANS IN SINAI. I. 30

V. EARLY PEOPLES AND PLACE NAMES 41

VI. THE EGYPTIANS IN SINAI. II. 52

VII. THE ISRAELITES IN SINAI. I. 64

VIII. THE ISRAELITES IN SINAI. II. 74

IX. THE NABATEANS 83

X. THE HERMITS IN SINAI 94

XI. THE WRITINGS OF THE HERMITS 106

XII. THE BUILDING OF THE CONVENT 121

XIII. MOHAMMAD AND ST. KATHERINE 134

XIV. SINAI DURING THE CRUSADES 143

XV. THE PILGRIMS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. I. 155

XVI. THE PILGRIMS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. II. 165

XVII. THE CONVENT BETWEEN 1500 AND 1800 173

XVIII. SINAI IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 183

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 195

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

1. SITUATION OF SANCTUARIES 9

2. FIGURES OF BABOONS 11

3. SNEFERU RAVAGING THE LAND 13

4. KHUFU SMITING THE ANU BEFORE THOTH 14

5. AMEN-EM-HAT III, THOTH AND HATHOR 15

6. SANCTUARY SURROUNDINGS AT SERABIT 19

7. FIGURE WITH SEMITIC SCRIPT 23

8. PLAN OF CAVES AT SERABIT 27

9. UPPER HALF OF STELE OF AMEN-EM-HAT III 37

10. TEMPLE RUINS AT SERABIT 53

11. PLAN OF TEMPLE 55

12. AMEN-HOTEP III OFFERING TO SOPD 59

13. QUEEN THYI 61

14. MEN IN BURNING BUSH 69

15. AYUN MUSA 71

16. VIEW OF THE CONVENT 123

17. CHAPEL ON GEBEL MUSA 141

18. EL ARISH 145

19. ZIGIRET EL FARAUN 149

20. SKETCH OF CONVENT SURROUNDINGS ABOUT 1335 159

21. RITTER VON HARFF AND ST. KATHERINE 169

22. SULYMAN ABU SĪLM, A BEDAWY 187

23. MAP OF THE PENINSULA 193

A HISTORY OF SINAI