A History of the City of Brooklyn and Kings County, Volume II.

Chapter XI: Appendix: I (2)

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New York was not satisfied with the crafty legislation by which it sought to overawe the village across the river. It began to question the right of Brooklyn people to cross to New York in their own boats. The result was that a Brooklyn man, Hendrick Remsen, sued the New York Corporation. He won his case; the Corporation appealed to the King, and the matter remained undecided in consequence of the Revolution. Although the Constitution of the State confirms all grants of land within the State made by authority of the King of Great Britain or his predecessors, prior to August 14, 1775, New York afterward adhered to its false claims to the river rights. However, by State rulings within the present century, Brooklyn was permitted to exercise jurisdiction to low-water mark. A Supreme Court decision in 1821 declares that the City and County of New York includes the whole of the rivers and harbor adjoining to actual low-water mark on the opposite shores. It was only in 1824 that Brooklyn was able to secure from the Legislature concurrent jurisdiction with New York in the service of process, in actions civil and criminal, on board of vessels attached to its own wharves.

When Brooklyn sought to erect itself into a city, New York met the proposition with the same spirit of unwillingness to recognize in the sister town any right to individual existence. Every step that Brooklyn took toward securing municipal rights was hampered by the opposition of New York politicians. Brooklyn became a city in 1834, in spite of New York's opposition. New York retired from the fight with its fraudulent ownership of the river and the "ferry rights," by which it was and still is able to levy a continuous tax upon Brooklyn.

_STATISTICS FROM THE FEDERAL CENSUS OF 1890_

BROOKLYN MANUFACTURES[56]

FEDERAL CENSUS OF 1890

The tabulated statements presented herewith include only establishments which reported a product of $500 or more in value during the census year, and, so far as practicable, only those establishments operating works located within the corporate limits of the city.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF TOTALS

================================================================
Industries | Industries | Establishments | Capital[57]
| Reported | Reporting |
---------------------+------------+----------------+------------
All Industries {1880 | 180 | 5,201 | $61,646,749
{1890 | 229 | 10,561 | 125,849,052
---------------------+------------+----------------+------------

============================================================
Industries | Hands | Wages Paid | Cost of
| Employed | | Materials
| | | Used
---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------
All Industries {1880 | 47,587 | $22,487,457 | $129,085,091
{1890 | 103,683 | 61,975,702 | 137,325,749
---------------------+----------+-------------+-------------

====================================================================
Industries | Miscellaneous | Value of Product | Population
| Expenses[58] | |
---------------------+---------------+------------------+-----------
All Industries {1880 | | $177,223,142 | 566,663
{1890 | $14,824,466 | 248,750,184 | 806,343
---------------------+---------------+------------------+-----------

=========================================================
Industries | City Assessed | Municipal Debt[59]
| Valuation |
---------------------+---------------+-------------------
All Industries {1880 | $232,925,699 | $38,040,000
{1890 | 445,038,201 | 34,639,542
---------------------+---------------+-------------------

DETAILED STATEMENT FOR 1890 BY IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES IN BROOKLYN ELEVENTH CENSUS

=================================================================
CLASSIFICATION OF | Boots and | | Coffee and
INQUIRIES[60] | shoes-- | Chemicals | spice--
| factory | | roasting and
| products | | grinding
_Establishments_:-- | (65) | (36) | (13)
------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------
CAPITAL EMPLOYED-- | | |
Aggregate | $1,327,119 | $8,483,835 | $2,963,392
|============|=============|=============
HIRED PROPERTY-- | | |
Total | 366,230 | 275,000 | 306,300
+------------+-------------+-------------
PLANT--Total | 385,934 | 4,888,250 | 546,696
+------------+-------------+-------------
Land | 56,700 | 1,196,800 | 198,400
Buildings | 113,400 | 1,532,821 | 194,350
Machinery, tools, | | |
and implements | 215,834 | 2,158,629 | 153,946
LIVE ASSETS--Total | 574,955 | 3,320,585 | 2,110,396
+------------+-------------+-------------
Raw materials | 137,612 | 1,365,535 | 721,678
Stock in process and | | |
finished product | 154,802 | 878,468 | 930,671
Cash, bills, and | | |
accounts | | |
receivable, and | | |
all sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 282,541 | 1,076,582 | 458,047
| | |
WAGES PAID--Aggregate | $1,032,547 | $1,140,475 | $479,036
|============|=============|=============
Average number of | | |
hands employed | 2,050 | 1,848 | 794
+------------+-------------+-------------
Males above 16 years | 840 | 1,295 | 477
Females above 15 years | 326 | 289 | 10
Children | 24 | 31 |
Pieceworkers | 860 | 233 | 307
MATERIALS USED-- | | |
Aggregate cost | $1,432,934 | $7,329,134 | $11,047,538
+============+=============+=============
Principal materials | 1,381,752 | 7,050,313 | 10,711,647
Fuel | 3,888 | 195,545 | 14,752
Mill supplies | | 9,206 | 20,656
All other materials | 47,294 | 74,070 | 300,483
EXPENSES, MISCELLANEOUS | | |
--Ag'gate | $73,249 | $612,809 | $84,334
+============+=============+=============
Paid for contract work | 1,450 | |
Rent | 25,636 | 22,110 | 21,445
Power and heat | 3,720 | 900 | 3,800
Taxes | 4,494 | 48,950 | 11,439
Insurance | 4,420 | 29,190 | 11,382
Repairs, ordinary, of | | |
b'ld'gs and mach'y | 5,842 | 149,644 | 6,635
Interest on cash used | | |
in the business | 1,549 | 43,651 |
All sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 26,138 | 318,364 | 29,633
GOODS MANUFACTURED | | |
--Aggregate | $2,813,209 | $10,467,109 | $12,247,162
+============+=============+=============
Principal product | 2,770,689 | 10,425,949 | 12,044,967
All other products, | | |
including custom | | |
work and repairing | 42,520 | 41,160 | 202,195
------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------

===============================================================
CLASSIFICATION OF | | | Foundry and
INQUIRIES[60] | Confec- | Cordage | machine
| tionery | and twine | shop
| | | products
_Establishments_:-- | (197) | (3) | (169)
------------------------+------------+------------+------------
CAPITAL EMPLOYED-- | | |
Aggregate | $2,923,509 | $2,256,400 | $13,725,518
|============|============|============
HIRED PROPERTY-- | | |
Total | 1,047,500 | | 1,473,750
+------------+------------+------------
PLANT--Total | 1,028,053 | 1,854,300 | 6,046,228
+------------+------------+------------
Land | 251,085 | 303,000 | 1,617,500
Buildings | 311,225 | 701,000 | 1,362,670
Machinery, tools, | | |
and implements | 465,743 | 850,300 | 3,066,058
LIVE ASSETS--Total | 847,956 | 402,100 | 6,205,540
+------------+------------+------------
Raw materials | 207,660 | 175,600 | 1,182,099
Stock in process and | | |
finished product | 269,041 | 60,500 | 1,525,807
Cash, bills, and | | |
accounts | | |
receivable, and | | |
all sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 371,255 | 166,000 | 3,497,634
| | |
WAGES PAID--Aggregate | $1,096,252 | $650,256 | $5,641,132
|============|============|============
Average number of | | |
hands employed | 2,237 | 1,612 | 7,753
+------------+------------+------------
Males above 16 years | 1,387 | 1,012 | 6,868
Females above 15 years | 552 | 600 | 42
Children | 22 | | 2
Pieceworkers | 276 | | 841
MATERIALS USED-- | | |
Aggregate cost | $1,833,791 | $4,352,63 | $5,125,183
+============+============+============
Principal materials | 1,738,998 | 4,206,13 | 4,626,489
Fuel | 25,621 | 105,00 | 210,767
Mill supplies | 3,835 | 6,00 | 47,386
All other materials | 65,337 | 35,50 | 240,541
EXPENSES, MISCELLANEOUS | | |
--Ag'gate | $194,993 | $63,18 | $799,912
+============+============+============
Paid for contract work | | | 12,000
Rent | 73,320 | | 117,888
Power and heat | 120 | | 14,664
Taxes | 9,981 | 10,14 | 60,267
Insurance | 5,050 | 7,54 | 36,223
Repairs, ordinary, of | | |
b'ld'gs and mach'y | 5,730 | 25,00 | 74,565
Interest on cash used | | |
in the business | 13,462 | | 22,009
All sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 87,330 | 20,50 | 462,296
GOODS MANUFACTURED | | |
--Aggregate | $3,731,202 | $5,625,79 | $15,350,776
+============+============+============
Principal product | 3,721,071 | 5,622,91 | 14,222,090
All other products, | | |
including custom | | |
work and repairing | 10,131 | 2,88 | 1,128,686
------------------------+------------+------------+------------

================================================================
CLASSIFICATION OF | | | Slaughtering
INQUIRIES[60] | Furnishing | Paper | and meat
| goods | hangings | packing
| | |
_Establishments_:-- | (67) | (5) | (63)
------------------------+------------+------------+-------------
CAPITAL EMPLOYED-- | | |
Aggregate | $1,507,853 | $1,790,121 | $2,120,822
|============|============|=============
HIRED PROPERTY-- | | |
Total | 377,650 | 303,482 | 380,560
+------------+------------+-------------
PLANT--Total | 427,420 | 401,946 | 918,400
+------------+------------+-------------
Land | 110,100 | 31,500 | 317,550
Buildings | 142,550 | 121,584 | 346,752
Machinery, tools, | | |
and implements | 174,770 | 248,862 | 254,098
LIVE ASSETS--Total | 702,783 | 1,084,693 | 821,862
+------------+------------+-------------
Raw materials | 312,438 | 61,890 | 114,907
Stock in process and | | |
finished product | 142,902 | 186,974 | 197,490
Cash, bills, and | | |
accounts | | |
receivable, and | | |
all sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 247,443 | 835,829 | 509,465
| | |
WAGES PAID--Aggregate | $1,203,461 | $445,510 | $532,120
|============|============|=============
Average number of | | |
hands employed | 2,218 | 852 | 623
+------------+------------+-------------
Males above 16 years | 868 | 660 | 607
Females above 15 years | 485 | 146 | 3
Children | 10 | 20 |
Pieceworkers | 855 | 26 | 13
MATERIALS USED-- | | |
Aggregate cost | $1,443,218 | $1,067,697 | $11,769,741
+============+============+=============
Principal materials | 1,389,325 | 1,042,362 | 11,637,737
Fuel | 27,893 | 18,045 | 32,256
Mill supplies | 10,308 | 290 |
All other materials | 15,692 | 7,000 | 99,748
EXPENSES, MISCELLANEOUS | | |
--Ag'gate | $84,811 | $300,754 | $130,096
+============+============+=============
Paid for contract work | | |
Rent | 26,441 | 22,000 | 34,252
Power and heat | 600 | |
Taxes | 4,429 | 15,863 | 13,902
Insurance | 10,573 | 7,343 | 9,490
Repairs, ordinary, of | | |
b'ld'gs and mach'y | 9,502 | 1,700 | 8,387
Interest on cash used | | |
in the business | 1,895 | 61,833 | 3,691
All sundries not | | |
elsewhere reported | 31,371 | 192,015 | 60,374
GOODS MANUFACTURED | | |
--Aggregate | $3,315,691 | $2,143,023 | $13,317,789
+============+============+=============
Principal product | 3,268,994 | 2,143,023 | 13,118,381
All other products, | | |
including custom | | |
work and repairing | 46,697 | | 199,408
------------------------+------------+------------+-------------

STATEMENT OF CITY DEBT, DECEMBER 31, 1893

=======================================================================
Title of Loan | Amount | Amount
| Dec. 31, 1892 | Dec. 31, 1893
--------------------------------------+----------------+---------------
PERMANENT DEBT PAYABLE FROM TAXATION: | |
Prospect Park | $8,697,000.00 | $8,697,000.00
New York Bridge | 10,013,000.00 | 10,013,000.00
Soldiers' Aid Fund | 112,000.00 | 60,000.00
Arrearage Fund | 2,350,000.00 | 2,350,000.00
Local Improvement | 200,000.00 |
Certificates of Indebtedness | 505,160.93 | 434,160.93
City Bonds (Arrearage of County | |
Taxes) | 549,000.00 | 549,000.00
Main Sewer Relief and Extension | |
Fund | 1,250,000.00 | 1,250,000.00
Local Improvement (Laws of 1888) | 1,300,000.00 | 1,300,000.00
Local Improvement (Laws of 1889) | 900,000.00 | 900,000.00
Local Improvement (Laws of 1892) | 300,000.00 | 445,000.00
School Improvement (Laws of 1888) | 400,000.00 | 400,000.00
School Improvement (Laws of 1889) | 800,000.00 | 800,000.00
Public Site, Purchase and | |
Construction | 500,000.00 | 500,000.00
Municipal Site | 265,000.00 | 265,000.00
Fourth Precinct Station House | 50,000.00 | 50,000.00
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument | 220,000.00 | 205,000.00
Park Purchase | 650,000.00 | 650,000.00
New York and Brooklyn Bridge, § 4, | |
Laws of 1891 | 1,000,000.00 | 1,000,000.00
New York and Brooklyn Bridge, § 5, | |
Laws of 1891 | 1,400,000.00 | 1,450,000.00
Public Market | 750,000.00 | 750,000.00
School Building Fund | 304,000.00 | 606,000.00
Certificate of Indebtedness, | |
ch. 48, Laws of 1892 | 162,844.92 | 54,830.18
Certificate of Indebtedness, | |
ch. 50, Laws of 1892 | 125,000.00 | 148,852.55
Certificate of Indebtedness, | |
ch. 45, Laws of 1891 | 15,000.00 |
Asphalt Repavement Fund | | 37,000.00
Museums of Art and Science | | 8,000.00
+----------------+---------------
Total | $32,818,005.85 | $32,932,843.66
|================|===============
WATER DEBT | $14,566,000.00 | $15,316,000.00
+================+===============
TEMPORARY DEBT PAYABLE FROM TAXATION, | |
ETC.: | |
Fourth Avenue Improvement | 51,000.00 | 34,000.00
Eighth Ward Improvement | 650,000.00 | 650,000.00
Twenty-sixth and adjacent Ward | |
Sewers | 315,000.00 | 499,000.00
Sewerage Fund(1892) | 50,000.00 | 119,000.00
North Second Street Improvement | | 15,000.00
Tax Certificate (Contagious | |
Disease Hospital) | | 7,000.00
+----------------+---------------
Total | $1,066,000.00 | $1,324,000.00
+================+===============
TAX CERTIFICATES | $2,700,000.00 | $3,400,000.00
--------------------------------------+----------------+---------------

RECAPITULATION

================================================================
Title of Loan | Increase | Decrease
| |
--------------------------------------+--------------+----------
Permanent Debt | $114,837.81 |
Water Debt | 750,000.00 |
Temporary Debt | 258,000.00 |
Tax Certificates | 700,000.00 |
+--------------+----------
Gross Debt | 1,822,837.81 |
Sinking Fund | 298,450.65 |
+--------------+----------
|$1,524,387.16 |
Less 3 and 8 months' Tax | |
Certificates | |
+--------------+----------
Net City Debt |$1,524,387.16 |
--------------------------------------+--------------+----------

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Stiles, i. p. 326.

[2] In 1888 the State Legislature, at the request of the Society of Old Brooklynites, passed a resolution urging Congress to provide for the erection of a monument. A petition containing 25,000 names was sent to Washington, and the matter was favorably reported from committee, but no act was passed.

[3] _Historical Sketch of Fulton Ferry_, 1879.

[4] Furman, p. 243.

[5] The state recognition of Brooklyn as a town took place in 1788.

[6] In 1806, the Legislature of New York enacted a law allowing the incorporation of a State and of County Medical Societies. Under this act the State Medical Society was organized at once. The medical men of this county did not act in the matter, however, for several years, and it was not till March, 1822, that the Kings County Medical Society was organized. From the organization of the society to the present time the following gentlemen have been its presidents: Cornelius Low, 1822-1825; J. G. T. Hunt, 1825, till his death in 1830; Thomas W. Henry, 1831-1833; Charles Ball, 1833-1835; Isaac I. Rapelye, 1835; Matthew Wendell, 1836; Adrian Vanderveer, 1837-1839; John B. Zabriskie, 1839; Purcell Cooke, 1840-1842; Theodore L. Mason, 1842-1844; Bradley Parker, 1844; Purcell Cooke, 1845; J. Sullivan Thorne, 1846; Lucius Hyde, 1847; Chauncey L. Mitchell, 1848; Henry J. Cullen, 1849; James H. Henry, 1850; Samuel J. Osborne, 1851; George Marvin, 1852; Andrew Otterson, 1853-1855; George I. Bennet, 1855; T. Anderson Wade, 1856; Samuel Boyd, 1857; Chauncey L. Mitchell, 1858-1860; Daniel Brooks, 1860; C. R. McClellan, 1861; Samuel Hart, 1862; DeWitt C. Enos, 1863; Joseph C. Hutchinson, 1864; John T. Conkling, 1865; Andrew Otterson, 1866; William W. Reese, 1867; R. Cresson Stiles, 1868-1870; J. H. Hobart Burge, 1870-1872; William Henry Thayer, 1872-1874; A. J. C. Skene, 1874-1876; A. Hutchins, 1876-1879; J. S. Prout, 1879; Charles Jewett, 1880-1883; G. G. Hopkins, 1883. In 1829 there were thirty-six active members belonging to the society. In 1836 the Code of Ethics of the state society was adopted, and in 1848 the Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association. From its foundation in 1822, till the repeal of that power by the Legislature in 1881, the Kings County Society conferred sixteen licenses to practice medicine.--S. M. O.

[7] The first post-office at Gravesend was established in 1843.

[8] J. C. Vanderbilt's _Social History of Flatbush_ gives some exceedingly interesting glimpses of life in this region during and after the Revolutionary period.

[9] The "public whipper" received a salary of $15 a year.

[10] Tunis G. Bergen was born at New Utrecht in 1806. The Cropsey family, prominent at New Utrecht, is descended from Geerte Jans Kasparse, who came from Holland, with her two sons, Joost and Johannis, in 1652. Joost, third son of this Joost, had one son, Casper, who held office in New Utrecht, and died in 1806, leaving six sons and several daughters. Other descendants were Jerome Ryersen Cropsey, Andrew G. Cropsey, and William Cropsey. The last named was for several terms supervisor of New Utrecht.

[11] _History of Kings County_, p. 279.

[12] This fine specimen of old Dutch architecture is still standing on Evergreen Avenue.

[13] _Historic and Antiquarian Scenes in Brooklyn and its Vicinity_, p. 47.

[14] The assumption that the Dutch youth required to be taught "convivial customs" by the "arrogant Anglo-American youngers" is scarcely supported by definite testimony.

[15] The ancestral farm and home of the Wyckoffs is on the boundary line between Brooklyn and Newtown, beyond Metropolitan Avenue.

[16] "History of Williamsburgh," in Stiles's _History of Kings County_.

[17] Printed in the _Long Island Star_, February 14, 1811.

[18] Furman's MS.

[19] Fulton and Livingston had obtained from the Legislature the monopoly of steam navigation on all the waters of New York for thirty years from 1808.

[20] _Historical Sketch of Fulton Ferry._

[21] _Corporation Manual_, 1870.

[22] The Corporation of New York at one time even questioned the right of Brooklyn's inhabitants to cross the river, ferriage free, in their own boats.

[23] See Appendix III.

[24] Walt Whitman was born at West Hills, Long Island, in 1819. During the time of his residence in Brooklyn he did editorial writing for both the _Times_ and the _Eagle_. In the following letter to Mr. Charles M. Skinner, of Brooklyn, he describes his newspaper work in this city:--

328 MICKLE STREET, CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY,
_January 19, '85_.

DEAR SIR,--In hasty answer to your request asking me to specify
over my own signature what year I worked as an editorial
writer in the Brooklyn _Times_ office, I would say that if
I remember right it was along in 1856, or just before. I
recollect (doubtless I am now going to be egotistical about it)
the question of the new Water Works (magnificently outlined
by McAlpine, and duly carried out and improved by Kirkwood,
first-class engineers both) was still pending, and the works,
though well under way, continued to be strongly opposed by
many. With the consent of the proprietor, I bent the whole
weight of the paper steadily in favor of the McAlpine plan, as
against a flimsy, cheap, and temporary series of works that
would have long since broken down, and disgraced the city.

This, with my course on another matter,--the securing to public
use of Washington Park (old Fort Greene), stoutly championed by
me some thirty-five years ago, against heavy odds, during an
editorship of the Brooklyn _Eagle_,--are "feathers in my wings"
that I would wish to preserve.

I heard lately with genuine sorrow of the death of George C.
Bennett. I remember him well as a good, generous, honorable man.

I send best greetings to your staff, and, indeed, to all the
Brooklyn journalists.

WALT WHITMAN.

Whitman's poem "Crossing the Williamsburgh Ferry" is familiar to readers of his _Leaves of Grass_.

[25] _Brooklyn Compendium._

[26] The Young Men's Christian Association of Brooklyn was organized during the same year.

[27] Up to the time of present writing morning journalism has never been successful in Brooklyn, the metropolitan newspapers of New York having from the outset filled the field, and prevented a financial success for any but the evening papers.

[28] "Yet, although Brooklyn had thus, at a single bound, jumped from the seventh to the third position among the cities of the American Union, it could by no means claim the same relative position in point of wealth, business, or commercial importance, being outranked in these respects by several cities of less population. Nor had it risen to its eminence by virtue of its own inherent vigor and enterprise. Candor certainly compels the acknowledgment that it was chiefly attributable to the overflowing prosperity and greatness of its giant neighbor, New York."--Stiles's _History of Kings County_, vol. i. p. 485.

[29] Martin Kalbfleisch was elected Mayor on the Democratic ticket, receiving a majority of 5136, in a total vote of 28,280, over his opponent, Frederick Scholes.

[30] The statue was unveiled in October, 1869. A. A. Low presided, and the presentation address was made by James P. Wallace, on behalf of the War Fund Committee. The oration was by Dr. Storrs.

[31] Mr. Beecher was appointed chaplain of the Thirteenth Regiment in 1878. Dr. Storrs had already occupied this post.

[32] Colonel Meserole was made brigadier-general in 1868.

[33] The same name had been chosen by Colonel Roehr's father, Edward Franz Roehr, for a newspaper first issued in 1854, and running for one year. Edward Roehr's Williamsburgh printing office and bookstore also sent forth a Masonic journal called _Der Triangel_, which flourished for twenty-five years.

[34] In connection with the cupola of the City Hall, a very interesting incident occurred in 1852. It was noticed that this feature of the building swayed, and needed to be strengthened. The necessary steps were taken to render it firm and secure. At the time the men were engaged in the work the court of oyer and terminer was holding a session in the room known and distinguished as the Governor's room, Judge N. B. Morse presiding. One day while the court was engaged in a criminal trial, a beam which was being raised slipped from the rope, and fell upon the roof above the court-room, causing the plaster and ceiling to give way. At once the court officers, jurors, and spectators became alarmed; some ran for the door, some for the windows, and others sought refuge under the tables. Judge Morse took a position by one of the windows, and, shaking his fist at the audience, exclaimed, "The wicked flee when no man pursueth." A few of the frightened ones got on their knees and fervently prayed. The prisoner at the bar was the only one unmoved.--S. M. O.

[35] Manuscript history.

[36] _Brooklyn Eagle_, May 24, 1884.

[37] The single exception to Roebling's plan offered by the commission was that they demanded a central height of 135 feet, instead of 130 feet, in the central span.

[38] Samuel T. Powell had occupied the Mayor's chair for two terms, closing in 1861. He again entered the office in 1872.

[39] Mr. Beecher came to Brooklyn in 1847, and died at his post forty years later, on March 8, 1887. His relations to the city of Brooklyn were exceptional, and in many respects marvelous. No other single personality in this city ever won a prominence so significant, so salutary, so momentous. One of Brooklyn's most brilliant thinkers, writers, and speakers, the Rev. John W. Chadwick, D.D., has spoken of Mr. Beecher as 'the most unique and splendid personality of our civic history; one of the most unique and splendid in the history of the United States and their colonial beginnings.' The homage to Beecher's genius as a teacher and leader of men has come from thinking men wherever the English language is spoken. The homage which belongs to him as a citizen, as a pastor, as a humanitarian, as a patriot, has been enthusiastically offered by his fellow-countrymen, and particularly by his neighbors in the city of Brooklyn. The bronze monument to Mr. Beecher, designed by John Q. A. Ward, was placed in front of the City Hall in 1891.

[40] Seth Low on "Municipal Government," in Bryce's _American Commonwealth_, vol. i. p. 626.

[41] Commenting on the Brooklyn system, Fiske says: "It insures unity of administration, it encourages promptness and economy, it locates and defines responsibility, and it is so simple that everybody can understand it. The people, having but few officers to elect, are more likely to know something about them. Especially since everybody understands that the success of the government depends upon the character of the Mayor, extraordinary pains are taken to secure good mayors; and the increased interest in city politics is shown by the fact that in Brooklyn more people vote for Mayor than for Governor or for President."

[42] The increase in the bulk of the city vote since 1877 is shown by the fact that the vote for Howell had been 36,343, as against 33,538 for John F. Henry.

[43] Joseph C. Hendrix was appointed postmaster of Brooklyn in 1886, and made a record in that office unequaled by any postmaster the city ever had. Indeed, his reforms and innovations made for him a conspicuous reputation at Washington. In 1892, Hendrix was elected to Congress. He has rendered highly important service to the city in the board of education.

[44] See p. 166.

[45] The history of the Institute is taken from the fifth _Year Book_, 1893.

[46] The Regents of the University of the State of New York, who had granted a provisional charter in 1889.

[47] The present building of the Young Men's Christian Association, at Fulton and Bond streets, has been occupied since 1885. It has a circulating library of over 13,000 volumes, a finely equipped gymnasium, running-track, bowling-alleys, and swimming-tank, two large lecture-halls, and evening classes registering 700 men. The fine building of the Young Women's Christian Association, at the junction of Schermerhorn Street and Flatbush Avenue, has been occupied since 1888. It has eighteen class-rooms for educational work, a library with about 6000 volumes, a lecture-hall seating 650, assembly-rooms seating 400, an excellent gymnasium and running-track, and medical department.

[48] See p. 165 of this volume.

[49] The practice of establishing classes for Chinamen in connection with Sunday-schools has occasioned many and prolonged discussions in Brooklyn, and has been strongly assailed, particularly in those instances where the teaching of mature Chinamen was intrusted to young unmarried women.

[50] _Eagle Almanac_, 1894.

[51] _Corporation Manual_, for 1863, compiled by Henry McCloskey, City Clerk.

[52] See Appendix.

[53] Leffert Lefferts was the first president of the Long Island Bank.

[54] Read by Mr. Ostrander before the Long Island Historical Society, February 1, 1881.

[55] Understood to have originated in the shortening of Rembrandt into Rem.

[56] From compilation in _Eagle Almanac_, 1892.

[57] The value of hired property is not included for 1890, because it was not reported in 1880.

[58] No inquiry in 1880 relating to "Miscellaneous expenses."

[59] The amount stated represents the "net debt," or the total amount of municipal debt less sinking fund.

[60] To avoid disclosure of operations of individual establishments, only such industries as have 3 or more establishments engaged therein are included.

INDEX

Simple page numbers refer to Vol. I.; page numbers preceded by "ii." refer to Vol. II.

Academy of Music, ii. 116, 226.

Adams, John, 229.

---- Julius A., ii. 149.

---- Rev. John Coleman, ii. 221.

Adelphi Academy, ii. 212.

Aertsen, Huyck, 59, 63.

---- Ryniere, 126.

Ainslie, Robert, ii. 103.

American Astronomical Society, ii. 208.

Amersfoort (Flatlands), 55.

Amphion Musical Society, ii. 228.

Amphion Theatre, ii. 198.

Andros, Maj. Ed., 116, 133.

Apollo Club, ii. 228.

Apprentices' Library, ii. 73, 75.

"Arbitration Rock," ii. 42.

Arion Society, ii. 228.

Arnold, S. G., ii. 89.

Assembly, State, meets in Brooklyn, 188;
patriotic resolutions, 200;
and Colonial Congress, 208.

Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, ii. 221.

Atkinson, John P., ii. 152.

Atlantic Bank, ii. 234.

Atlantic Basin, ii. 191.

Atlantic Dock Company, ii. 92.

Aycrigg, Benjamin, ii. 15, 17.

Backhouse, E. T., 237.

Backus, Dr. Truman G., ii. 211.

Baker, John H., ii. 23.

Ball, Charles, ii. 32.

Bank of Williamsburgh, ii. 234.

Barbarin, Captain, ii. 51.

Bardwell, W. A., ii. 216.

Barnes, Demas, ii. 156.

Barnet, Wm., 179.

Barnum, Ed. B., 190.

Barre, Daniel, ii. 56.

Battle of Brooklyn, 247-274.

Bayard, Nich., 136, 167.

Bayles, Rich. M., 7.

Bedford, settled, 101;
schoolhouse, 102, 161.

Bedford Academy, ii. 214.

Bedford Corners, ii. 72.

Bedford Road, 237.

Beecher, Henry Ward, ii. 119, 125, 126, 164, 218.

Bellomont, Governor, 147, 152, 153.

Bennett, George C, ii. 89, 106.

---- George I., ii. 32.

---- Wm. Adriaense, 29.

Benson, A. W., ii. 152, 154.

Bentyn, Jacques, 29.

Bergen, Hans Hansen, 39, 67.

---- Jacob, ii. 53.

---- Jan Hans, 101.

---- Johannes, 285.

---- John T., 214; ii. 56.

---- Michael Hans, 101.

---- Tunis G., 102; ii. 92, 97.

Bergen Hill, 239.

Berri, Wm., ii. 231.

Berrian, Cornelius, 126.

Berry, Abraham J., ii. 104.

Bibaut, John, 155.

Bill, Charles E., ii. 151.

Billing, Th., 235.

Bird, George L., ii. 70.

---- Major, 249.

Birdsall, T. W., ii. 69.

Blanco, Jn., 235.

Bloom, Jacob, 235.

Board of Health, first, ii. 66.

Boerum, Isaac, 235.

---- Simon, 201, 204, 207.

---- William, 220, 300.

Boerum house, ii. 41.

Bogert (Bogaert), Nich., 208.

---- Teunis Gysbert, 101.

Bokee & Clem, ii. 75.

Boome, Jacob, ii. 25.

Booth, Samuel, ii. 129, 132, 151.

Boughton, Samuel, ii. 23.

Bout, Jan Evertsen, 59, 63, 108.

Bowen, Henry C., ii. 230.

---- H. E., ii. 230.

---- James, ii. 116.

Boyd, Samuel, ii. 32.

Boys' High School, ii. 202.

Bradford, Wm., 145.

Breuckelen, of Holland, 59.

Brevoort, J. Carson, ii. 152.

Broadhead, Henry, 190.

Brodhead (quot.), 24.

Bronson, Greene C., ii. 86.

Brooklyn, name, 59;
first sale ofland in region of, 29-30;
early days, 53-68;
beginning of official existence, 66;
first houses, 73;
first preacher, 93;
first schoolmaster, 97;
leads Long Island towns, 167;
State Assembly meets in, 188;
battle of Brooklyn, 247-274;
first school, 99;
during Revolution, 211-304;
after the Revolution, ii. 1-46;
recognized as a town, 28;
during war of 1812, 51-56;
incorporated as a village, 62;
markets, 65;
incorporated as a city, 79-81;
property valuations before 1860, 83;
receives Bushwick and Williamsburgh, 107;
during Civil War, 117-131;
bridge, 149-159;
"Brooklyn System," ii. 169-171.

Brooklyn Academy of Music, ii. 116, 226.

Brooklyn and Long Island Fair, ii. 122-124.

Brooklyn Art Association, ii. 228.

Brooklyn Art Club, ii. 228.

Brooklyn Auxiliary of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, ii. 122.

Brooklyn Bridge, ii. 94, 149-159, 168, 178-190.

Brooklyn Choral Society, ii. 228.

Brooklyn City Hospital, ii. 93.

Brooklyn City Railroad, ii. 94.

Brooklyn Club, ii. 226.

Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, ii. 215.

Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Inst., ii. 100, 212.

"Brooklyn Daily Argus," ii. 230.

"Brooklyn Daily Citizen," ii. 231.

"Brooklyn Daily Eagle," ii. 88-91, 128, 229.

"Brooklyn Daily Standard," ii. 230.

"Brooklyn Daily Times," ii. 89, 128, 229.

"Brooklyn Daily Union," ii. 128, 229.

Brooklyn Entomological Society, ii. 208.

Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Female Academy, ii. 100.

Brooklyn Fire Insurance Co., ii. 234.

"Brooklyn Freie Presse," ii. 128, 229.

Brooklyn Gaslight Company, ii. 78.

Brooklyn Heights Seminary, ii. 214.

Brooklyn Home for Consumptives, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Homoeopathic Hospital, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Hospital, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Hospital for Contagious Diseases, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Institute, ii. 69, 91, 93, 202-211, 216, 229.

Brooklyn Latin School, ii. 214.

Brooklyn Library, ii. 215.

"Brooklyn Life," ii. 231.

Brooklyn Lyceum, ii. 91, 93.

Brooklyn Maennerchor, ii. 228.

Brooklyn Maternity, ii. 223.

Brooklyn Microscopical Society, ii. 208.

Brooklyn Museum, ii. 197.

"Brooklyn Phalanx," ii. 122.

Brooklyn Philharmonic Society, ii. 226.

Brooklyn Saengerbund, ii. 228.

Brooklyn Select Academy, ii. 31.

Brooklyn Sunday School Union Society, ii. 64, 110.

"Brooklyn System," ii. 169-176.

Brooklyn Theatre, ii. 166, 197.

Brooklyn Throat Hospital, ii. 223.

Brooks, Daniel, ii. 32.

---- Elbridge S., 142.

Brower, Abraham, 183.

---- Nich., 183.

---- Wm., 214.

Brown, Henry K., ii. 126.

---- Laurence, ii. 62.

Brown's Business College, ii. 214.

Brush, Conklin, ii. 94.

Bryant, William C., ii. 107.

Bryant Literary Society, ii. 229.

Bryant & Stratton's Business College, ii. 214.

Buck, Dudley, ii. 228.

Building Department, ii. 137.

Bunce, Postmaster, ii. 29.

Burch, Robert, ii. 230.

Burge, J. H. Hobart, ii. 32.

Burnet, Wm., 179.

Bushwick, land purchase, 99;
town plot, 100;
first school, 100;
first schoolmaster, 101;
old church, ii. 37-40;
patriots, 38;
after Revolution, 38;
during war of 1812, 55;
and Williamsburgh, 101, 102;
consolidate with Brooklyn, 107.

Bushwick Creek, 100.

Bushwick Democratic Club, ii. 225.

Butler, Wm. H., ii. 104.

Cæcilia Ladies Vocal Society, ii. 228.

Calvary Cemetery, ii. 194.

Campbell, Douglass, 42, 95.

---- Patrick, ii. 161.

Canaver, Peter, ii. 76.

Carlyle, Thomas, 17.

Carnaville, Chas. A., ii. 129.

Carpenter, Geo., 214.

Carroll Park, ii. 143.

Cary Fund, ii. 206.

Casper, Andrew, 235.

Catholic Cathedral, ii. 160.

Catholic Historical Society, ii. 220.

Cemetery of the Evergreens, ii. 93, 194.

Central Grammar School, ii. 200.

Chadbourne, Zebulon, ii. 85.

Chadwick, Rev. J. W., ii. 165, 221.

Chardavogne, Wm., 221.

Charles II., 104, 110.

Charter of 1872, ii. 162.

Chester, Mrs., ii. 69.

Chinese Sunday-schools, ii. 220.

Chittenden, S. B., ii. 151.

Christian Commission, ii. 124.

Church Charity Foundation, ii. 160, 220.

Churches, first in Kings County, 88;
Reformed Dutch, 145;
First Baptist, ii. 75;
in 1835, 83;
in 1893, 219.

City Bible Society, ii. 220.

City Hall, ii. 71, 84, 96, 99.

City Park, ii. 143.

Clarke, Governor, 188, 190.

Clausen, Hendrick, 162.

Clinton, Governor, 188.

---- Jas., 213.

---- Sir Henry, 217, 231.

Clinton Ave. Congregational Church, ii. 120.

Clove Road, 278.

Clubs, ii. 224.

Cob dock, ii. 2.

Cobble Hill, 239; ii. 55.

Cochran, Dr. David Henry, ii. 212.

Coffee, Peter, ii. 60.

Colden, Governor, 210.

Cole, John, ii. 29.

Collard, Geo. W., 189.

College of Nineteen, 61.

Collier, Jurian, 183.

Colman's Point, 22.

Columbia College, 198.

Columbia Theatre, ii. 198.

Colve, Governor, 113.

Committee of Sixty, 206.

Common lands, 158.

Concordia Maennerchor, ii. 228.

Coney Island, 55, 122; ii. 33.

Congregational Church Extension Society, ii. 220.

Congregational Club, ii. 220.

Congress of Representatives, 290, 291.

Conkling, John T., ii. 32, 132.

Conselyea, Wm., ii. 38.

Consolidation of Brooklyn and N. Y., ii. 163.

Continental Congress, 223, 230, 261, 280.

Cook, Purcell, ii. 32.

Coombs, John W., ii. 152.

Coope, Ed., ii. 69.

Copeland, Edward, ii. 93.

---- Ed., 189.

"Corkscrew Fort," 239.

Corlaer's Hook Ferry, ii. 42.

Corlies, E. W., ii. 152.

Cornbury, Lord, 167-175; ii. 262.

Cornell, John, ii. 71.

---- T. B., ii. 152.

Cornell House, 257.

Cornwallis, Earl, 243.

Cortelyou, Isaac, 185.

---- Jacques, 129.

Cortelyou, Peter, 161.

Coudrey, Samuel, ii. 16.

Council of Twelve, 61.

Courts, 127-131; ii. 30, 72, 73, 75, 95, 98, 99, 111.

Cowenhoven, 59.

---- Captain Peter, ii. 56.

---- John, 161.

---- Nicholas, 180, 214, 224, 284, 290.

Cozzens, Issachar, ii. 16.

Crane, Dr. Jas., ii. 133.

Craven, A. W., ii. 152.

Crescent Club, ii. 226.

Cripplebush, i. 101.

Crisper, Casper, 285.

Crist, Abraham, ii. 86.

Criterion, ii. 198.

Crittenden, Dr. Alonzo, ii. 211.

Crombie, John S., ii. 213.

Crook, Abel, 190.

Cropsey, Andrew, ii. 38.

---- Andrew G., ii. 38.

---- Casper, ii. 38.

---- Geerte Jans (Kasparse), ii. 38.

---- Jerome Ryerson, ii. 38.

---- Johannis (Kasparse), ii. 38.

---- Joost (Kasparse), ii. 38.

---- William, ii. 38.

Cross, Colonel, ii. 122.

---- John A., ii. 85.

Cullen, Edgar M., 189.

---- Henry J., ii. 32.

Cunningham, 268; ii. 4.

---- Robert, ii. 69.

Cutting, Wm., ii. 61.

Cuyler, Rev. Theo. L., ii. 218.

Cypress Hills Cemetery, ii. 93, 194.

Dana, Prof. James D., ii. 203.

Dankers, Jasper, 119.

Darbee, Levi, ii. 106.

De Bevoice, Charles, 235.

---- Johannes, 285.

De Hart, Simon Aertsen, 121.

De Heister, General, 243.

De Lancey, Lieut.-Governor, 189.

De Launcey, 262.

De Mille, Richard M., 189.

De Sille, Nicasius, 100, 118.

De Witt, Benjamin, ii. 20.

Dean, Capt. Wm., 56.

---- John, 64.

Debevoise, James, ii. 97.

---- Jost, 213.

Debtors' Prison, ii. 73.

Declaration of Independence, 230, 232.

Denice, Denys, 207.

Denton, Daniel, 10.

Deutscher Liederkranz, ii. 228.

Dewyre, Capt. Wm., ii. 56.

Dickinson, P. P., ii. 152.

Dircksen, Cornelis, 53.

---- Joris, 59.

Dongan, Governor, 108, 117, 132, 133, 163; ii. 262.

Dorlant, John Garretse, 162, 163.

Doughty, John, ii. 24.

---- John, ii. 62, 64, 71.

---- Rev. Jno., 41.

Draft Riots, ii. 121.

Draper, 96.

Dress among the Dutch, 76.

Driggs, Daniel D., ii. 161.

---- Edmund, ii. 152.

"Drum Beat," ii. 123.

Duke of York, 104.

"Duke's Laws," 108, 131.

Duness, Count, 243.

Dunmore, Governor, 205, 206.

Duryea, Maria, 14.

Dutch, and American Exploration, 17;
and Puritans, 42;
manners and customs, 69-105;
and education, 94-99;
and English, 103;
nomenclature, ii. 258.

Dwight, Rev. Dr., 189.

"Eagle and Brooklyn," vi.

East New York, 274.

Eastern Dist. Industrial School, ii. 224.

Edson, Franklin, ii. 179, 181.

Education under the Dutch, 94, 124.

Elections in early Brooklyn, 159 (note).

Ely, Smith, Jr., ii. 151.

Embargo Act, ii. 50.

English, and Dutch, 103;
take New York, 105.

Enos, De Witt C., ii. 32.

Episcopalians, at Jamaica, 174;
in Brooklyn after the Revolution, ii. 24.

Erie Basin Docks, ii. 134.

Erskine, Sir Wm., 243.

Etherington, Sam., 220.

Euterpe Chorus and Orchestra, ii. 228.

"Evening Star," ii. 78.

Everdell, Colonel, ii. 127.

Everett, Thomas, 220.

---- William, 221.

Everit, Th., ii. 62.

Excelsior Club, ii. 226.

Faith Home for Incurables, ii. 223.

Farmers' and Citizens' Bank, ii. 104.

Federal Building, ii. 195.

Ferry, the, 53, 120, 153; ii. 27, 77;
ferry and river rights, 132; ii. 261.

Ffilkin, Henry, 155, 158, 162.

Field, Thos. W., ii. 38.

Field and Marine Club, ii. 226.

Fire Department, early organization, ii. 24;
first legislation relating to, 26;
fire limits, 139;
reorganized, 146.

Fish, Colonel, 257.

Fiske, John, ii. 48, 169, 171.

Flatbush, county court, 35;
Erasmus Hall, 35;
settled, 55;
establishes a church, 88;
population in 1738, 188;
first mill, ii. 34.

Flatbush Ave. and Amersfoort Road, 55.

Flatlands, called New Amersfoort, 29;
settled, 54;
new church, ii. 33.

Fleet estate, ii. 72.

Fletcher, Benj., 144.

Floyd, Wm., 230.

Flushing Bridge and Road Company, ii. 28.

Fly Market, 221.

Foord, John, ii. 230.

Fort Amsterdam, 31, 52.

Fort Greene, 237; ii. 23, 120.

Fort Hamilton, 122, 243.

Fort James, 116.

Fort Orange, 23.

"Four Chimneys," 257.

Fowler, Wm. A., ii. 151.

Foy, Joseph D., ii. 19.

Franklin, Benjamin, 229.

Franklin Literary Society, ii. 229.

Freeck's Mill, 239; ii. 41.

Fricke, Geo., ii. 69.

Froebel Academy, ii. 214.

Fulton, Robert, ii. 56-58.

Fulton Ferry, ii. 27, 57, 159.

Fulton Street, 161.

Furman, Gabriel, 172, 173; ii. 68, 69.

---- William, ii. 69.

Galbraithe, Robert, 221.

Gardiner, Lyon, 39.

Garrison, John, ii. 64, 69, 71.

Garritsen, Wolfert, 28, 54.

Garritson, Samuel, 163, 188, 203.

"Gazette," 146, 186.

George III., 199.

Gerbritse, Jan, 162.

German Hospital, ii. 223.

German Young Men's Christian Ass'n, ii. 221.

Germania Club, ii. 225.

Germania Savings Bank, ii. 166.

Gibbons, John, ii. 31.

Girls' High School, ii. 202.

Golden Hill, battle of, 205.

Good Hope, prison ship, ii. 5.

Gowanus Mill, 29, 183.

Graham, Augustus, ii. 69, 93, 202.

Grand Opera House, ii. 198.

Grant, General, 243.

Gravesend, settled, 55;
population in 1810, ii. 33.

Graydon, Colonel, 295.

Green, Andrew H., ii. 152.

Greene, General, 229, 233, 237, 240.

Greenwood, John, ii. 86.

Greenwood Cemetery, ii. 94.

Gunnison, Herbert F., ii. 232.

Guy's picture of Brooklyn in 1820, ii. 68.

Hagerman, Joseph, 155.

Hale, Nathan, 267.

Half Moon, 20.

Hall, George, ii. 81, 108, 111.

---- Rev. Chas. H., ii. 219.

Hall of Records, ii. 195.

Hamilton, Alexander, 216.

---- Andrew, 188.

---- George, ii. 31.

Hamilton Club, ii. 225.

Hamilton Literary Association, ii. 91.

Hammond, Annie A., xiii.

Hanover Club, ii. 226.

Hanssen, Jacob, 163.

Hanssen, Joris, 162, 163.

---- Michael, 159.

Harper, James, ii. 70.

Harrison, Gabriel, ii. 196.

Hart, Samuel, ii. 32.

Hatton, John A., ii. 230.

Havens, Thomas, ii. 24.

Hayward, John W., ii. 152.

Hazard, Thomas, 221.

Hazzard, Wm. H., ii. 129.

Hebrew Orphan Asylum, ii. 224.

Hegeman, Adriaen, 99, 164, 284.

---- Joseph, 161.

Heights, 54, 233.

Hell Gate, ii. 167.

Hendrix, Joseph C., ii. 176.

Henry, James H., ii. 32.

---- John F., ii. 172, 230.

---- Thomas W., ii. 32.

Herman, George G., ii. 129.

Hessians, 255.

Hester, Col. Wm., ii. 90.

---- Wm. Van Auden, ii. 90.

Hewell, A. S., ii. 179, 182.

Hicks, Jacob, ii. 69.

---- John, 221-223.

---- "Milk," ii. 70.

---- "Spetler," ii. 70.

Hildreth, John T., ii. 23.

Hobart, John Silas, 292.

Hodgkinson, Worthington, ii. 86.

Hoffman, John T., 151.

Hogan, Capt. W. H., ii. 118.

Holland, and Spain, 17;
education in, 94-96.

Holland Society, xii.

Hooley's Opera House, ii. 197.

Hopkins, G. G., ii. 32.

Hotchkiss, Maj. E. O., ii. 127.

Houston Street Ferry, ii. 101.

Howard, Henry W. B., vi.

---- William, 276-279.

Howard Colored Orphan Asylum, ii. 224.

Howell, James, Jr., ii. 168.

Hubbard, 284.

Hudde, Andries, 28, 39, 54.

Hudson, Henry, 17, 19, 22.

Hudson River, 17.

Hunt, J. G. T., ii. 32.

Hunter, John W., ii. 162.

---- Robert, 175-178.

---- William, Jr., ii. 152, 155.

Husted, Seymour L., ii. 150, 154.

Hutchins, A., ii. 32.

---- John, 167.

Hutchinson, Anne, 41.

---- Joseph C., ii. 32.

Huybertsen, Lambert, 39.

Hyde, Lucius, ii. 32.

Hyde & Behman's Theatre, ii. 198.

Indians, Long Island, 11-15;
and the Dutch, 15, 42-52;
and Hudson, 20;
and early settlers, 42-52;
and Puritans, 42.

Industrial School Association, ii. 224.

Inebriates' Home for Kings County, ii. 136.

Ingersoll, Wm. H., 190.

"Iphetanga," 54.

Ireland, Rev. John, ii. 62.

Jackson, John, ii. 14, 29.

Jamaica, Pres. Church, 174.

Janssen, Abraham, 92; ii. 41.

Janvier, Thomas A., 31; ii. 42.

Jefferson, Thomas, 229.

Jenks, G. T., ii. 151, 155.

Jervis, Arthur N., vi.

Jewett, Charles, ii. 32.

Johnson, Barent, 213, 234.

---- Barnet, ii. 97.

---- David, ii. 103.

---- Gen. Jeremiah, ii. 14, 46, 55, 67, 87, 149.

---- Hornbeck, 235, 287.

---- Samuel E., 187.

---- Rev. Dr. S. R., 190.

---- William, 284.

Johnson estate, 214.

Jong, Lodewyck, 92.

Joralemon, Teunis, ii. 72.

Joralemon's Lane, ii. 71.

Jourdan, Maj.-Gen. Jas., ii. 179.

"Journal," 186.

Kalbfleisch, Martin, ii. 117, 122, 129, 148, 151, 154, 160.

Kemper, Jacob, 221.

Kennedy, Platt, ii. 31.

Kenney, James F., 104.

Kershaw, Martin, 235.

Kidd, Captain, 148-151.

Kieft, William, 27.

"Kiekout," 99.

King, Gamaliel, ii. 129.

---- John S., ii. 52.

Kings County, settled, 26;
first church, 88;
organized, 118;
during Revolution, 211-304;
during War of 1812, ii. 51-56;
during the Civil War, ii. 117-131;
churches in, 219.

Kings County Court House, ii. 128-130.

---- _See_ Courts.

Kings County Hospital, ii. 223.

Kings County Medical Society, ii. 32, 119, 217.

Kings County Sunday-school Ass'n, ii. 221.

King's Highway, 161, 179-183.

Kingsley, Harry S., ii. 90.

---- William C., ii. 150, 179, 189.

Kingsley & Keeney, ii. 155.

Kinsella, Thomas, ii. 90, 150.

Kirk, Thomas, ii. 70.

Kissam, Daniel, 204.

Kissick's Business College, ii. 214.

Knowles, Edwin, ii. 198.

Knyphausen, General, 243.

Labadists, 119.

Lafayette, 257.

Lambertson, Thomas, 129.

Lamb, Capt. John, 216.

Lambert, Edward C., ii. 94.

---- John, ii. 50, 51.

Laughlin, Rt. Rev. John, ii. 217.

Law Library, ii. 217.

Lawrence, John, 139.

Lee, General, 217, 227.

Lefferts, Barent, 213.

---- John, 189, 224, 289; ii. 66.

---- Leffert, 210, 285; ii. 2, 68, 234.

Leisler, Jacob, 135-143.

Leislerian party, 164.

Leonard, John, ii. 103.

Levermore, Chas. H., ii. 213.

Lewis, Francis, 207, 230; ii. 235-257.

---- Francis, Jr., ii. 255.

---- John W., ii. 155.

---- Morgan, ii. 255.

Lincoln Club, ii. 226.

Lincoln statue, ii. 126, 195.

Linden Camera Club, ii. 208.

Littlejohn, Bishop, ii. 179, 219.

Livingston, Col. H. B., 294.

---- Philip, 205, 207, 230; ii. 71
Rev. Dr. John H., ii. 36.

---- Robert, 165, 229, 230.

Livingston, Robert R., ii. 57.

Locke, Richard Adams, ii. 88.

Lockwood, John, 189.

---- John, ii. 213.

Loisian Academy, ii. 62.

Long Island, geology, 1-10;
trees, 10;
Indians, 11;
discovery, 16-20;
land, 37;
first houses, 73;
under English rule, 107;
named Nassau, 146;
slavery on, 172;
during Revolution, 211-304;
travel on, ii. 27;
first post route, 28.

"Long Island Anzeiger," ii. 128.

Long Island Bank, ii. 65, 234.

Long Island Baptist Ass'n, ii. 221.

Long Island Business College, ii. 214.

Long Island College Hospital, ii. 116, 215.

Long Island Free Library, ii. 216.

Long Island Historical Society, xii. 119, 217.

Long Island Insurance Co., ii. 234.

Long Island Railroad, ii. 190.

"Long Island Star," ii. 31, 47, 51, 59, 105.

Long Island Throat and Lung Hospital, ii. 223.

"Long Island Weekly Intelligencer," ii. 29.

Lott, Abraham, 188, 201, 203.

---- Engelbert, 284.

---- Jeremiah, ii. 56.

---- Johannis, 188, 284.

---- John A., ii. 91, 129.

---- Petrus, 285.

Lovelace, Governor, 109.

Low, A. A., ii. 122.

---- Cornelius, ii. 32.

---- Seth, ii. 87, 97.

---- Seth, 190; ii. 170, 171-178, 180, 195, 199.

Lowe, Doctor, ii. 29.

---- John, 129.

Lubbertsen, Frederick, 37, 108.

Luqueer's mill, ii. 41.

Lutheran Hospital, ii. 223.

Macloy, Rev. Dr. Archibald, ii. 54.

Mahon, John, ii. 31.

Manhattan Beach R. R., ii. 168.

Manhattan Island, 23.

Manning, Captain, 110.

Manufacturers' National Bank, ii. 104.

Mapes, General, ii. 53.

Marriage among the Dutch, 79.

Marsh, William B., ii. 89.

Marshall, Wm., ii. 152, 155.

Martense, Roetiff, 155.

Martin, Geo. H., 189.

Martyn, Jan, 92.

Mason, Theodore L., ii. 32.

Maspeth, 100.

Mauje, Jan, 39.

Maxwell, James H., ii. 44.

---- William H., ii. 199, 200.

McClellan, C. R., ii. 32.

McCloskey, Henry, ii. 89.

McCue, Alexander, 189; ii. 150, 151, 154.

McDonnell, Rt. Rev. Charles E., ii. 219.

McLaughlin, Hugh, ii. 232.

McLean, Andrew, ii. 90, 231.

---- Samuel, ii. 152, 154.

McDougall, Alexander, 213.

McKelway, St. Clair, ii. 90.

Meeker, Benjamin, ii. 69.

---- Rev. Stephen H., 189.

---- S. M., ii. 103.

Megapolensis, Johannes, 88.

Memorial Hospital for Women and Children, ii. 223.

Mercerin, Andrew, ii. 64.

Meserole, Abraham, 101.

---- Jean, 99.

---- Jeremiah V., 99; ii. 119, 127.

---- John A., ii. 38.

---- John I., ii. 38.

Methodist Episcopal Hospital, ii. 223.

Metropolitan police, ii. 116.

Metropolitan Sanitary District, ii. 133.

Meyers, T. Bailey, ii. 151.

Michaelius, Jonas, 87.

Middagh, Mrs., ii. 69.

Midwood Club, ii. 225.

Midwout, 55.

Milburne, 138, 143.

Military, in Civil War, ii. 118-127.

Military Garden, ii. 71, 197.

Mill, first on L. I., ii. 34.

Miller, David, ii. 38.

---- Eleazar, 204.

---- Peter, 235.

Mills, E. S., ii. 152.

Minuit, Peter, 23.

Miss Rounds's School for Girls, ii. 214.

Mitchell, Chauncey L., ii. 32, 151.

Monitor, ii. 121.

Montauk Club, ii. 225.

Montgomerie, Governor, 185.

Moody, Lady Deborah, 56, 57.

Moore, Thomas, ii. 195.

Morrell, Th., ii. 44.

Morris, Lewis, 230.

Morse, Judge N. B., ii. 131.

Morton, Brig.-General, ii. 19.

---- John, ii. 152.

Moser, Joseph, ii. 76.

Mudie, A. E., ii. 136.

Municipal Building, ii. 195.

Municipal Union Society, ii. 163.

Murphy, George I., 189.

---- Henry C., 59, 119, 189; ii. 22, 60, 91, 92, 150, 151, 154, 156,
188, 232, 258.

---- Henry C., Jr., 189.

---- John G., ii. 60.

Nagel, Philip, 284.

Nanfan, Governor, 164-168.

Nassau ferry-boat, ii. 59.

Nassau Island, 146, 289.

Nassau Water Company, ii. 110, 146.

National Guard, in Civil War, 118-127;
in 1893, 198.

Naval Hospital, ii. 194.

Neilson, Judge, ii. 194.

Nelson, Chief Justice, ii. 86.

New Amersfoort, 29.

New Amsterdam, 71.

New Netherland, 24, 36.

New Orange, 112.

New Utrecht, 122; ii. 36, 37.

New York, taken by English, 105;
new charter, 106;
retaken by Dutch, 112;
named New Orange, 112;
restored to English, 116;
during Revolution, 211-304.

New York and Brooklyn Ferry Co., ii. 190.

Newspapers, 191.

Newtown Creek, 100.

Nicholas the Frenchman, 92.

Nicholson, Francis, 133.

Nicoll, William, 204.

Nicolls, Governor, 106.

North Dutch Church, ii. 4.

Northrup, Daniel W., 190.

Nostrand, John, 235.

Noyes, Stephen B., ii. 215.

Nyack (Najack), 122.

Nye, James W., ii. 116.

Ocean Parkway, ii. 145, 167.

Odeon, ii. 197.

Old Brooklynites, Society of, xii.; ii. 23, 229.

Old Jersey, prison ship, ii. 5, 6.

Olympia, ii. 29.

Onderdonk, Right Rev. Henry Ustick, 189.

Osborn, Albert H., ii. 86, 113.

---- Sir Danvers, 189.

---- William J., 189.

Osborne, Samuel J., ii. 32.

Ostrander, Abraham Duryea, ix.

---- Geertje, vii.

---- George A., ix.

---- Hendrick, viii.

---- Peter Wilson, ix.

---- Pieter, vii.

---- Pieter Pieterszen, vii.

---- Stephen, viii.

---- Stephen M., vii.-xiii.

---- Tryutje, vii.

Otterson, Andrew, ii. 32.

Oxford Club, ii. 226.

Packer, Mrs. W. S., ii. 211, 212.

Packer Collegiate Institute, ii. 100, 211.

Paine, Colonel, ii. 157.

Palmer, Lorin, ii. 230.

Parade Ground, ii. 143, 145.

Park Theatre, ii. 197.

Patchen, Jacob, ii. 69.

Payne, Elijah Freeman, 212.

---- John Howard, ii. 195.

---- Thomas, 226.

Penitentiary, ii. 97, 98.

Percy, Earl, 243.

Perkins, Albert C., ii. 213.

Perry, Colonel, ii. 120.

Peters, Bernard, ii. 106.

---- Leffert, 183.

Pierrepont, H. B., ii. 62, 70, 72.

---- H. E., ii. 151.

Pierrepont Mansion, 257, 304; ii. 71.

Pierson, Joseph B., ii. 31.

Pirates, 146.

Plymouth Church, ii. 119.

Polhemus, Rev. Johannes Theodoras, 88-93.

---- Theodorus, 207, 224, 232, 285.

Police Department, ii. 160.

Polytechnic Institute, ii. 212.

Pope, Thomas, ii. 149.

Powell, Samuel S., ii. 116.

---- Samuel T., ii. 162.

Powers, George, 221, 222.

Pratt, Chas., ii. 212, 213.

Pratt Institute, 213, 214, 216.

Prentice, John H., ii. 152, 155.

Presbyterians at Jamaica, 174.

Prime, Nathaniel S., 1, 10, 12.

Prince, L. Bradford, 190.

Prison ships of the Wallabout, ii. 3-23.

Prospect Park, ii. 143.

Prout, J. S., ii. 32.

Provincial Congress, 215, 219, 227, 229, 289.

Provost, John, ii. 38.

Public School No. 1, ii. 62.

Public Schools, ii. 147, 199-202.

Puritans, 40, 42.

Putnam, Fort, 237, 254.

Putnam, General, 229, 237, 266.

Queens County, organized, 118.

"Rain-water Doctor," ii. 32.

Rapalje, Daniel, 235.

---- Diana, ii. 69.

---- John, 180, 204, 301.

---- Joramus, 164.

---- Joris Jansen, 30-35, 101.

---- Mrs., 259-261.

---- Sarah, 33-35.

Rapelye, Isaac I., 32.

Raymond, Dr. John H., ii. 212.

Reade, John, 221.

Reese, W. W., ii. 32.

Religion, under the Dutch, 85-87;
under English, 133, 144.

Religious societies, ii. 220.

Remsen, Abraham, ii. 31.

---- Col. Jeromus, 290.

---- Derick, 284.

---- Hendrick, ii. 263.

---- Jacob, ii. 27.

---- Jan, 126.

---- Jeremiah, 224, 285.

---- Peter, ii. 71.

---- Rem, 164, 221; ii. 41.

Remsen house, ii. 41.

Remsen's mill, ii. 41.

Revolution, 211-304.

Riding and Driving Club, ii. 225.

Rising Sun Tavern, 274.

Roach, John, ii. 151.

Robertson & Little, ii. 29.

Roebling, John A., ii. 155, 156, 188.

---- Washington A., ii. 155, 157, 188.

Roehr, Col. Henry E., ii. 128.

---- Edward Franz, ii. 128.

Romaine, Benjamin, ii. 19.

Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum Society, ii. 224.

Ruggles, Edward, ii. 151.

Rushmore, Merwin, 190.

---- W. C., ii. 152.

Rycken, Abraham, 38.

Ryerse, Adriaen, 126.

Ryersen, John, 255.

Sands, Comfort, 208, 300, 301, 303.

---- Joshua, 301; ii. 62, 69.

Sanford, Lewis, ii. 101.

Schenck, Abraham, 201, 204.

---- Gilliam, ii. 129.

---- Martin, 213.

Schenck property, 214.

Schepens, 63.

Schoonmaker, Dominie, ii. 53.

Schouts, 65.

Schroeder, Frederick A., ii. 165, 230.

Schuyler, General, 272.

---- Peter, 165, 178.

Scorpion, ii. 5.

Sea Beach R. R., ii. 168.

Seaman, Benjamin, 235.

---- Henry L., ii. 92.

---- John, ii. 64.

---- Zebulon, 204.

Sebring, Isaac, 220.

---- Jacob, 220.

Selyns, Rev. Henricus, 93.

Seymour, Rt. Rev. George F., 190.

Sharpe, Jacob, ii. 2.

Sheltering Arms Nursery, ii. 224.

Sherman, Roger, 229.

Sickels, Garret, ii. 19.

"Single head" bill, ii. 169.

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A History of the City of Brooklyn and Kings County, Volume II.Chapter XI: Appendix: I (2)

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