A History of the English Church in New Zealand

Chapter XXIV: Appendix: II

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AUTHORITIES FOR THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH IN NEW ZEALAND.

The student of New Zealand Church History needs to glean his information, bit by bit, from many quarters, but there are certain outstanding authorities to which he will go at the outset. These are not all of equal value, and they need to be used with discrimination.

For the life and work of Samuel Marsden, the promised volume by the late Dr. Hocken should take the first place. Meanwhile, the "Memoirs" published by the Religious Tract Society in 1858 are of primary importance. The book has been reprinted in modified form by Messrs. Whitcombe and Tombs (1913). The editor, Mr. Drummond, has been able to correct a few mistakes, and has supplied some additional information. The original author, the Rev. J. B. Marsden, had no personal knowledge of his hero nor of the scenes of his labours. He consequently falls into error here and there, but his book gives a faithful and interesting picture of the religious side of the great missionary's life and work. Another side is presented in the "Narrative of a Voyage to New Zealand" (1817) by John Liddiard Nicholas, whose book has the high authority of an eye-witness. Much useful information on the work of Marsden and his helpers has been collected in Brett's "Early History of New Zealand" (Auckland, 1890).

For the subsequent history of the mission, the chief available authority is "Christianity among the New Zealanders," by the first Bishop of Waiapu (London, 1867). Living on the spot, and being one of the principal actors in the events which he describes, the bishop is able to give a detailed account whose value is only marred by the mistakes made by the English printers in the spelling of Maori names.

For the Selwynian period, the "Life and Episcopate" of the great bishop by Prebendary Tucker (two vols., London, 1879) is a primary authority. Its value is seriously diminished by the author's want of acquaintance with New Zealand geography, and still more by his studied disparagement of the Church Missionary Society, but his book remains indispensable for its collection of letters. A useful corrective to Tucker may be found in Dr. Eugene Stock's History of the C.M.S.--a book which, in spite of some startling inaccuracies, throws a welcome light on many obscure passages of our history.

More reliable than either of these varying presentations of the bishop's policy and work is the small volume of "Annals of the Colonial Church. Diocese of New Zealand" (London, 1857), which contains the bishop's journals for the first years of his episcopate. Lady Martin's unpretending little book on "Our Maoris" is extremely valuable as coming from one who was a devoted member of the Selwyn circle.

The unhappy controversy between Bishop Selwyn and Archdeacon Henry Williams had at least this good result, that it led to the compilation of a full and authoritative life of the latter by his son-in-law, Mr. Hugh Carleton (two vols., Auckland, 1874 and 1877). When allowance is made for the personal bias of the talented author who fights both governor and bishop "with the gloves off," the book remains an authority of the first rank.

The Rev. J. King Davis' "History of St. John's College" (Auckland); Bishop Cowie's "Our Last Year in New Zealand" (London, 1888); and Canon Mason's "Round the Round World on a Church Mission" (London, 1892), may also be mentioned as supplying interesting details of church work, especially in the mother diocese of Auckland.

On the whole, it must be said that in contrast with the Melanesian Mission, which possesses its biographies of Bishop Patteson and Bishop J. R. Selwyn, its detailed history by Mrs. Armstrong, and several other books of a descriptive and historical character, the New Zealand Church is meagrely provided. The early missionaries themselves published little. Yate's "Account of New Zealand" (1835), and Taylor's "Te Ika a Maui" (London, 1855), and his "Past and Present of New Zealand" (1868), stand almost alone. Some journals have been printed for private circulation; others are only available in MS.; others again have been destroyed. No biography exists of any of our bishops except those of Selwyn by Tucker and Curteis, and that of Bishop Harper by the present writer. Yet where could be found a better subject for a memoir than Bishop Hadfield? Bishop William Williams also should surely have his biography, but the materials for such a book seem to have been used as fuel by the British soldiers during the siege of Waerenga-a-hika in 1868. Archdeacons Brown and Maunsell also deserve that their life histories should be told. The founders of Canterbury should not be allowed to pass into oblivion. Altogether there remains much work to be done by the historical student of the future.

INDEX.

_The dates given in brackets are those of the birth and death of the person indexed; where only the date of death is known it is preceded by an asterisk._

Abraham, Bp. (1815-1903), arrives in N.Z., 146;
suggested for bishopric of Auckland, 154;
appointed bishop of Wellington, 165;
consecration, 245;
resigns, 216;
coadjutor to Selwyn at Lichfield, 219.

Ashwell, Rev. B. Y. (*1883), at Waikato, 113;
returns after war, 207.

Averill, Bp., becomes bishop of Waiapu, 227;
of Auckland, 227.

Bay of Islands, scenery and associations, 7;
deserted, 140.

Benefactions, 237_f_.

Bodington, Canon, mission by, 222.

_Boyd_, ship. Massacre of crew, 14;
retaliation, 9;
conciliation, 19.

Broughton, Bp., visits Bay of Islands, 67;
his opinion of the mission, 94, 101.

Brown, Archdeacon A. F. (*1884). arrival in N.Z., 43;
visits Thames, 53;
settles at Matamata, 56;
at Tauranga, 65;
appointed archdeacon, 126;
suggested for bishopric of Tauranga, 114.

Butler, Rev. J., 28.

Canterbury settlement. Its ideals, 147;
relations with Bishop Selwyn, 148, 194.

Carlyon case, 230.

Chapman, Rev. Thomas (*1896). joins mission, 43;
settles at Rotorua, 56;
driven away, 57;
Mrs. Chapman's bonnet, 58;
returns to Rotorua, 65;
labours at Taupo, 65, 79;
ordination, 126.

Churches at Auckland, 234;
Christchurch, 222, 228, 234;
Christchurch cathedral, 222, 234;
Gisborne, 234;
Invercargill, 234;
Masterton, 234;
Napier, 222;
Oamaru, 234;
Palmerston North, 234;
Timaru, 222, 234.

Church Missionary Society. Its foundation, 11;
its authority in N.Z., 85;
difference with Bp. Selwyn, 126, 130;
objects to synods, 155, 159;
withdraws objection, 160;
urges native ministry, 170;
present position, 242;
_History of_, 247.

Churton, Archdeacon J. F., ministry at Wellington, 110;
at Auckland, ibid.

Clergy of New Zealand, 232_f_.

Clarke, G., joins mission, 42;
disconnected, 145.

Colenso, Rev. W., joins mission, 51;
works first printing-press, 62;
ordained, 126.

Communism among missionaries, 26;
failure of, 43;
at St. John's College, 118, 129, 137, 144;
at Chatham Islands, 144.

Constitution of N.Z. Church. Chap. XII. _passim._ revised, 194;
fundamental provisions of, 236.

Cowie, Bp. W. G. (1831-1902), succeeds Selwyn at Auckland, 202;
consecration, 244;
re-opens St. John's College, 218;
becomes primate, 226;
dies, 227.

Davis, Rev. Richard (1790-1863), arrival, 43;
agricultural skill, ibid;
ordained deacon, 126.

Darwin, Charles. His visit to Waimate, 91.

Education. Act of 1877, 217;
proposed amendment of, 239_f_.

Earle, Augustus; strictures on missionaries, 91.

Fairburn (catechist), joins mission, 42;
at Maramarua, 96;
dismissed, 145.

Fenton, Archdeacon J., 211.

Finance, 237.

Gate Pa, Battle of, 185.

Girls' War, the, 47.

Godley, John Robert (1814-1861), character of, 148;
difference with Canterbury Association, 149;
views on church government, 159.

Grace, Rev. T. S. (*1879), favours king movement, 173;
imprisoned at Opotiki, 188;
escape, 192_f_.

Grey, Sir George, accuses Henry Williams of treachery, 133_f_;
declares war on king Maoris, 183;
gives church site at Wellington, 203;
reconciliation with H. Williams, 178.

Hadfield, Bp. (1815-1904), joins mission, 68;
volunteers to go to Kapiti, 74;
settles at Otaki, 76;
saves Wellington, 121;
illness, 143;
declines bishopric of Wellington, 165;
becomes bishop of Wellington, 216;
consecration, 245;
elected primate, 223;
primacy, resignation and death, 226.

Hall, Francis, 28;
his character, 86.

Hall, William, 12, 36;
retires from mission, 43.

Hamlin, James (*1865), joins mission, 42;
settles at Mangapouri, 56;
at Manukau, 66.

Harper, Bp. (1804-1893), appointed to Christchurch, 152;
consecration, 244;
keeps Christchurch synod from deserting constitution, 180;
becomes primate, 202;
attacked in Dunedin synod, 214;
his work, 218;
resignation, 222.

Hauhauism, origin of, 187;
collapse of, 205.

Heke, Hone, 130;
attacks Kororareka, 131;
burial, 146.

Hinaki, chief of Mokoia, 32;
quarrel with Hongi, 34;
killed by Hongi, 35.

Hipango, J. W., resists Hauhaus, 187;
Christian conduct of, ibid.

Hobhouse, Bp. (1817-1904), appointed to bishopric of Nelson, 165;
consecration, 244;
breakdown, 211;
at Lichfield, 219.

Hobson, Captain W., arrives in Bay of Islands, 83;
his relations with Henry Williams, 84;
becomes first governor, ibid.

Hocken, Dr., Pref.

Hongi, 25;
visit to England, 30_f_;
return, 34;
attacks Mokoia, 35;
wounded, 45;
death of, 46;
estimates of his character, ibid.

Hymns, 231.

Jacobs, Dean, His history of the N.Z. Church, Pref.

Jenner, Bp., 212-214.

Julius, Bp., appointed to Christchurch, 224;
consecrated, 244;
carries nomination statute, 237.

Kaitaia, mission station established, 52.

Kemp, James, 28.

Kendall, Thomas, joins mission, 17;
visits Hokianga, 28;
accompanies Hongi to England, 30;
supports him against missionaries, 35;
dismissed, 36;
his gnosticism, 86_f_.

Kerikeri, station established, 28;
plight of in 1821, 36;
episcopal library at, 115.

King movement, 172, 176, 181;
present position of, 208.

King, John (1787-1854), 12, 23, 28, 36.

Land claims of missionaries. Chapter X, _passim._

Leigh, Rev. Samuel, visits mission, 27;
establishes Wesleyan mission, 92.

Mangapouri, station established, 56.

Marsden, Samuel (1764-1838), early training, 92;
meets Te Pahi, 8;
visit to England, 11;
plants mission in New Zealand, Ch. I.;
second visit to New Zealand, 28;
third visit, 29;
last visit, 61-63;
death, 63;
his character, 64;
friendly attitude to Wesleyans, 92.

Martin, Sir William, at Auckland, 128;
signs letter asking for church constitution, 157;
absent from Taurarua conference, 161;
instructs Maori students, 170;
favours king movement, 173;
protests against seizure of Waitara, 183;
mediates in Synod of 1865, 194.

Martin, Lady, her writings, 248.

Mason, Canon, holds mission, 222.

Mason, Rev. J. (*1843), settles at Wanganui, 80;
drowned, 117.

Matahau (see Ripahau).

Matthews, Rev. Joseph (*1892), joins mission, 43;
settles at Kaitaia, 52.

Maunsell, Archdeacon (*1894), at Waikato Heads, 66;
translates Old Testament, 88;
escapes from rebels, 184;
at Parnell, 208.

Melanesian Mission, 142, 151, 154, 241.

"Missions," parochial and general. Bodington-Mason, 222;
Mission of Help (1910), 228.

Morgan, Rev. John (*1865), joins mission, 51;
goes to Puriri, 55;
settles at Matamata, 56;
at Otawhao, 113;
death, 207.

Mules, Bp., 226;
consecration, 245.

Neligan, Bp., consecrated, 245;
enlarges St. John's College, 232.

Nelson, 109, 111, 120, 143;
school system in, 217.

Neville, Bp., consecrated bishop, 212, 246;
primate, 227;
senior prelate, 228;
his recollections, Pref.

New Plymouth. Bright promise, 112;
loved by Selwyn, 143;
saved by Te Rangitaake, 174.

New Zealand Company, 105.

Opotiki, station founded at, 66;
tragedy at, 188.

Orakau, defence of, 184.

Otaki, station founded at, 76;
church built, 142;
school, 209.

Orphanages, 240.

Paihia, establishment of station, 42, 44;
schools, 44;
examination at, 49;
present condition of, 140.

Patteson, Bp. (1827-1871), joins Melanesian Mission, 152;
consecrated, 169, 246;
preaches on Volkner's martyrdom, 191;
illness and death, 214-216.

Porirua, projected college at, 145.

Poverty Bay massacre, 206.

Preece, James, 43, 55, 66.

Puckey, William (*1878), joins mission, 43;
settles at Kaitaia, 52.

Puriri, station established, 55;
abandoned, 66.

Rangiaohia, its prosperity, 184;
its devastation, 186.

Rangihoua described, 19, 25;
scene of first service, 20_ff_;
Holy Communion at, 29;
abandoned, 63;
present condition of, 24.

Rauparaha, migrates to Kapiti, 72;
meets H. Williams, 76;
attempts to destroy Wellington, 121;
becomes a catechumen, 122;
builds church at Otaki, 142.

Reinga, Cape, 52.

Ripahau (or Matahau), 71, 76.

Ruapekapeka, capture of, 134.

Ruatara, early adventures, 10;
meets Marsden, 13;
prepares the way for the mission, 15, 18;
death of, 23_f_.

Sadlier, Bp., 228, 245.

St. John's College, begun at Waimate, 108, 117-119;
removed to Tamaki, 128;
difficulties and trials, 143;
breakdown, 151;
reconstitution of Maori department at Parnell, 170;
second closing of, 211;
reopened, 218;
enlarged by Bp. Neligan, 232.

Schools. Church schools, 239;
Government schools, ibid;
Sunday schools, 240.

Sedgwick, Bp., 228, 245.

Selwyn, G. A., Bishop of New Zealand (1809-1878),
early training and ideals, 107;
consecration, 244;
settlement at Waimate, 108;
first missionary journey, Chap. VIII. _pass._;
his ecclesiastical position, 115_f_;
second journey, Ch. IX., _pass._;
sides with governor against missionaries, 137;
visit to England, 151, 160;
accepts bishopric of Lichfield, 196_f_;
action in Jenner case, 212-214;
death of, 219.

Selwyn, Bp. J. R. (1845-1898), becomes bishop of Melanesia, 218;
consecration, 246;
turns lay vote in primatial election, 223;
resignation, 226.

Sprott, Bp., 228, 245.

Stuart, Bp. (*1911), 219;
resignation, 227.

Suter, Bp. (1830-1894), becomes bishop of Nelson, 218, 245;
as educationist, 217;
his work, 218;
personality, 222;
rejected for primacy, 223;
resigns, 226.

Synods, of 1844, 127;
of 1847, 142;
their constitution, Ch. XII., _pass._;
Maori synods at Waiapu, 169;
synod of 1862, 179;
of 1865, 194;
stormy synod in Dunedin, 214;
present working of, 235.

Taiwhanga, David, conversion of, 48;
baptism of, ibid.

Tamaki. Church built by Selwyn, 125;
St. John's College removed thither, 128.

Tamihana Te Rauparaha, learns from Tarore's gospel, 73;
evangelises South Island, 122.

Tamihana Te Waharoa (Tarapipipi), conversion of, 58;
his ideals, 171;
inaugurates king movement, 172;
joins with Te Rangitaake, 176;
labours for peace, 182;
death of, 195.

Taratoa, Henare Wiremu, 185, 219.

Tarore, killed, 60;
her gospel, 73.

Tasman discovers New Zealand, 2.

Tauranga, station established, 56;
suggested bishopric of, 154.

Taurarua Conference, 161.

Taumatakura, 70.

Te Aute College, how established, 204;
present work, 209.

Te Kooti, 205.

Te Pahi, visits Australia, 8;
death of, 9.

Te Puna (see Rangihoua).

Te Rau College, 209.

Taylor, Rev. R. (*1873), at Wanganui, 142;
land claim, 141;
his influence, 173, 187;
writings, 248.

Volkner, Rev. C. S., 188-192.

Waerenga-a-hika, college begun at, 170;
fight at, 203;
college revived at, 209.

Wakefield, E. G., founds New Zealand Company, 105;
his opinion of Bishop Selwyn, 108_n_;
founds Canterbury, 147.

Waharoa, chief of Matamata, receives Henry Williams, 55;
attacks Rotorua, 57.

Waimate, station established at, 43;
civilised appearance of, 62;
becomes residence of bishop, 108;
St. John's College at, 118;
eviction from, 126_f_.

Wallis, Bp., 227, 245.

Wanganui (or Whanganui). Christianity along river, 78, 120;
Christmas Communion at, 142;
resistance to Hauhaus at, 187;
collegiate school at, 239.

Wellington, foundation of, 75;
beginnings of church in, 110;
still unsatisfactory, 120;
saved by Hadfield and Wiremu Kingi, 121;
improvement, 125;
cathedral site in, how acquired, 203.

Wesleyan Mission, 92-95;
discord between converts, 117;
station at Waikouaiti, 124.

Whytehead, Rev. Thomas, 117.

Williams, Archdeacon Henry (1792-1867), training and character, 38;
settles at Paihia, 42;
leads expedition to Thames, 53;
expedition to Cook Strait, 74;
journey across island, 78;
buys land, 89;
chooses site of Auckland, 90;
saves Auckland, 131;
accused of treachery, 132_f_;
opposed by governor and bishop, 137;
dismissed by C.M.S., 139;
ministry at Pakaraka, 146;
reinstated, 152;
death of, 195.

Williams, Archdeacon Samuel (1822-1907), at St. John's College, 129;
removes to Te Aute, 204.

Williams, Bp. W. L. (1829), baptism of, 48;
at St. John's College, 129;
opens seminary at Turanga, 170;
remains at Turanga through Hauhau troubles, 194;
becomes bishop of Waiapu, 227.

Williams, Bp. W. W. (1800-1878), arrives in N.Z., 43;
leads expedition to Kaitaia, 52;
visits Waiapu, 69;
settles at Turanga, 71;
translates New Testament, 88;
becomes archdeacon of Waiapu, 113;
defends his brother in London, 145;
consecrated bishop of Waiapu, 166, 245;
driven from Waerenga-a-hika, 193;
returns to Napier, 203_f_;
resignation and death, 219.

Wilson, Bp., 226, 246.

Wilson, Rev. J. A. (1809-1887), joins mission, 51;
settles at Puriri, 55;
at Tauranga, 56;
Opotiki, 66;
his experience at Maramarua, 96;
mediates in Taranaki war, 176.

Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitaake, saves Wellington, 121;
migrates to Taranaki, 173;
driven to war, 175;
his claims recognised, 183.

Yate, Rev. William, joins mission, 43;
dismissal, 87;
letters from converts to, 99.

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