Chapter XI: The New Problems (2)

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Lawrence, Free Soil settlement of, burnt, 143

Lecompton Constitution framed, 150;
accepted by Buchanan, 150;
rejected and defeated by Douglas, 150

Lee proposes separation from Great Britain, 22

Lee, Robert E., sent by Davis to the Crimea, 170;
sounded as to accepting command of Federal forces, 175;
refuses, 176;
resigns his commission, 176;
accepts Virginian command, 176;
on Slavery, 176;
opposed to Secession, 176;
his view of State Rights, 176-177;
defeats McClellan, 186;
defeats Pope, 187;
invades Maryland, 187;
his proclamation, 189;
fights McClellan at Antietam, 189;
retires into Virginia, 189;
defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville, 192;
defeats Burnside at Fredericksburg, 192;
invades Pennsylvania, 196;
defeated at Gettysburg, 196;
gets back unhammered, 196;
outmanoeuvres Grant, 198;
fights in the Wilderness, 198;
his proposal to recruit Negroes, 199;
effect of Sherman's march on, 201;
attempts to join Johnstone, 201;
surrenders to Grant, 202;
his views on Fourteenth Amendment, 217

_Liberator, the_, founded by Garrison, 133;
Lincoln denounced by, 148

Lincoln, Abraham, joins Republican Party, 147;
his career and character, 148-149;
his contest with Douglas, 150;
debates with Douglas, 151;
chosen candidate for the Presidency, 153;
elected President, 155;
objects to Crittenden Compromise, 161;
South ignorant of character of, 163-164;
defines issue of Civil War, 167;
his Inaugural Address, 168-169;
his policy, 171-172;
sends supplies to Fort Sumter, 172;
calls for soldiers, 174;
returns Mason and Slidell, 183;
refuses to supersede McClellan, 185;
replaces McClellan by Pope, 187;
effect of his personality on Maryland, 188;
decides to issue Emancipation Proclamation, 189;
his reply to Greeley, 190;
defends proclamation as a military measure, 191;
on Grant, 196-197;
appoints Grant commander-in-chief, 197;
prepared to compensate Southern slave owners, 199;
re-elected, 199;
opposition of Radicals to, 200;
his policy of Reconstruction, 204;
on Negro Suffrage, 204;
last public speech, 207;
assassinated, 208;
his advantages lacked by Johnson, 210

"Little Giant, the," nickname of Stephen Douglas, 140

Longfellow on John Brown, 153

Long Island, Battle of, 27

Look-Out Mountain, Battle of, 198

Louisiana, a French colony, 9;
ceded to Spain, 10;
re-ceded to Napoleon, 68;
bought by U.S., 68;
Burr's plans regarding, 73-74;
secedes from the Union, 161;
Lincoln's plan for reconstruction of, 204;
Negro government of, makes fraudulent returns, 225

Lovejoy, killed, 135

Lowell, James Russell, expresses sentiments of Anti-War Whigs, 121;
his satire on Taylor's candidature, 124

_Lusitania_, the, sunk, 238

Lyon, Captain, commands Union forces in Missouri, 176

Macaulay on Calhoun's dispatch, 118

McClellan, General, sent to Crimea by Davis, 170;
clears West Virginia of Confederates, 181;
supersedes McDowell, 181;
trains army of the Potomac, 185;
his defects, 185;
lands on Yorktown peninsula, 186;
besieges Yorktown, 186;
beaten by Lee, 186;
retires to Harrison's Landing, 186;
superseded, 187;
reinstated, 189;
fights Lee at Antietam, 189;
Democratic candidate for the Presidency, 200;
defeat of, 200

McDowell, General, advances into Virginia, 180;
defeated at Bull Run, 180-181;
superseded, 181;
ordered to join McClellan, 186;
fails to cut off Jackson, 186

McKinley, William, elected President, 234;
re-elected, 235;
assassinated, 235

McLane, Jackson's Secretary to the Treasury, 104;
favourable to the U.S. Bank, 104;
transferred to State Department, 106

Madison, James, a member of the Convention, 42;
writes for the _Federalist_, 51;
President, 77;
his pacific leanings, 78;
war forced on, 79;
re-elected by sectional vote, 79

Maine, colonized from New England, 5;
admitted as a State, 86

_Maine_, the, blown up, 234

March to the Sea, Sherman's, 201

Maryland, founded by Lord Baltimore, 4;
early history of, 5;
strategic importance of, 177;
menacing attitude of, 177;
Lincoln's success with, 177;
Lee invades, 187;
Southern illusions concerning, 188;
refuses to rise, 188-189;
becomes a Free State, 203

"Maryland! My Maryland!" 188

Mason-Dixon Line drawn, 7;
becomes boundary of Slave States, 41

Mason and Slidell, Confederate envoys to Europe, 182;
seized by Captain Wilkes, 182;
English anger over seizure of, 183;
Northern rejoicings over, 183;
returned by Lincoln, 183

Massachusetts, a Puritan Colony, 5;
resists Tea Tax, 17;
charter of, revoked, 18;
attempt to coerce, 25;
Hartford Convention called by, 81;
votes for War with Mexico, 120;
Webster's influence with, 127;
Sumner Senator for, 139;
troops from, stoned in Baltimore, 177

Maximilian, placed on Mexican throne, 213;
his death, 214

_Mayflower_, the, voyage of, 5

Meade, General, defeats Lee at Gettysburg, 196;
permits him to retire unhammered, 196

_Merrimac_, the, exploits of, 184;
duel with the _Monitor_, 184

Mexican War, outbreak of, 120;
compared to Boer War, 120-121;
opposition to, 121;
successful prosecution of, 122;
results of, 122-123

Mexico, Texas secedes from, 115;
dispute with, over Texan boundary, 120;
U.S. goes to war with, 120;
Calhoun opposes invasion of, 121;
defeat of, 122;
peace terms dictated to, 122;
Lincoln fears filibustering in, 161;
Napoleon III. interferes in, 213

Mexico City taken, 120

Ministers, excluded from Congress, 45

Missionary Ridge, charge up, 198

Mississippi, Davis Senator for, 140;
secedes from Union, 161

Mississippi River, upper, secured by Grant's victories, 184;
whole in Federal control, 196

Missouri, disputes regarding admission of, 85;
admitted as a Slave State, 86;
settlers from, invade Kansas, 143, 150;
defeat of Secessionists in, 176;
becomes a Free State, 203

Missouri Compromise effected, 86;
terms of, 86;
validity of, disputed, 142;
violated by Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 142;
party formed to defend, 143;
declared invalid, 147

Missouri Whisky Ring, 228

_Monitor_, the, duel with the _Merrimac_, 184

Monroe, James, a member of the War Party, 78;
President, 84;
declares European intervention unfriendly to U.S., 88;
last of the Virginian dynasty, 91

Monroe Doctrine, propounded, 88;
keystone of American policy, 88-89;
application to Texas, 118;
Napoleon III. violates, 213

Monterey, defeat of Mexicans at, 120;
Davis wounded at, 140

Morgan, murder of, 112

Napoleon I., obtains Louisiana, 68;
sells to U.S., 68;
Jefferson's attitude towards, 76

Napoleon III., intervenes in Mexico, 213;
withdraws, 214

Nashville, Tennessee, abandoned by Confederates, 184

National Debt, establishment of, 55;
not to be repudiated, 216

"National Republicans," policy of, 84

Navigation Laws, 11, 15

Navy, U.S., successes of, in War of, 1812, 80;
use of, by North, 184;
New Orleans captured by, 186

Negroes, brought to America as slaves, 12;
Jefferson's views on, 75;
Irish antagonism to, 195;
Lee proposes recruitment of, 199;
problem of, not settled by emancipation, 203;
behaviour of, during Civil War, 212;
Southern feeling towards, 212-213;
their desire for freedom, 221;
their political incompetence, 221;
organization of, 221;
conduct of, 222;
thrown over by the Republican Party, 228;
concession to, in Immigration Law, 231

Negro Rule, imposed on the South, 220;
effects of, 222;
resistance offered to, 223;
overthrow of, 224-225;
results of, 225-226

Negro Slavery (_see_ Slavery)

Negro Suffrage, Lincoln's proposals regarding, 204;
provisions of Fourteenth Amendment as to, 217;
Lee on prospects of, 217;
Congress committed to, 218;
imposed on the South, 220

New Hampshire, colonized for New England, 5

New Jersey, acquisition of, 7

New Mexico, acquired by U.S., 122;
open to Slavery, 126

New Orleans, attacked by British, 83;
Jackson successfully defends, 83;
message of Dix to, 165;
captured by Farragut, 186;
racial riot in, 218

New York, origin of, 6;
becomes a British possession, 6;
the objective of Lord Howe, 27;
votes with the South, 58;
Tammany Hall founded in, 58;
Burr controls Democratic organization of, 66;
runs for Governor of, 72;
Van Buren fears power of Bank in, 104;
riots against Draft in, 195

_New York Tribune_, on Secession, 164

North, the, insignificance of Slavery in, 40;
Slavery abolished in, 40;
divergence between South and, 47;
balance between South and, 47, 85;
Abolitionists unpopular in, 135;
attitude of, towards slave owning, 136;
resents abrogation of Missouri Compromise, 144;
vote of, for Lincoln, 155;
opinions in, regarding Secession, 164-165;
anger of, over Fort Sumter, 173;
effect of Lincoln's assassination on, 208-209;
Johnson out of touch with, 210;
doubts of, regarding Reconstruction, 211-212;
tired of protecting Negro Governments, 224

North Carolina rejects Secession, 171;
secedes from Union, 175

North, Lord, consents to coerce Colonies, 18;
offers terms, 29;
resignation of, 34

"Nullification" foreshadowed in Kentucky Resolutions, 63-64;
proclaimed by South Carolina, 99;
defended by Calhoun, 99;
repudiated by Jackson, 100;
applied to Force Bill, 101;
not discredited in South, 102

Nullifiers, attitude of, 98-99;
miscalculate Jackson's temper, 100;
Jackson proposes to coerce, 100;
Jackson's warning against, 102

Ohio, invaded by British, 80

"Old Hickory," nickname of Andrew Jackson, 93, 113

Oregon, dispute concerning territory of, 117;
outcry for war over, 117;
Calhoun on disadvantages of war over, 117

"Palmetto Flag" of South Carolina, 158

Parliament, claim of, to tax the colonies, 14 _et seq._

Party System, unreality necessary to a, 137

Penn, William, founds Pennsylvania, 7;
establishes religious equality, 8;
his treaty with the Indians, 8;
disapproves of Slavery, 12

Pennsylvania, founded by Penn, 7;
cleared of the French, 10;
Slavery legal in, 12;
Washington retreats into, 28;
"Whisky Insurrection" in, 61;
invaded by Lee, 196

Pensacola, British occupy, 82;
dislodged from, 82

Perry, Commander, burns British fleet on the Lakes, 80

Personal Liberty Laws passed in certain Northern States, 136;
disposition to repeal, 163

Personal Rights Bill, Sumner's, 214

Philadelphia, capital of Pennsylvania, 8;
abandoned by Washington, 28;
Convention meets at, 42

Philippine Islands, left at disposal of U.S., 234;
annexed, 235

Phillips, Wendell, on Secession, 164

Pickett's Brigade, charge of, 196

Pierce, Franklin, elected President, 139;
Sumner compares Grant to, 213

Pinckney, of South Carolina, a member of the Convention, 42

Pinkerton, private assassinators hired by, 233

Polk, chosen as Democratic candidate for Presidency, 119;
elected, 120;
embarrassed over Oregon question, 120;
decides for war with Mexico, 120;
asks for supply to purchase Mexican territory, 122

Pope, General, succeeds McClellan, 187;
defeated at second Battle of Bull Run, 187

Populist Party, objects of, 234;
supports Bryan, 234

President, powers of, 45;
method of election, 46;
effect of Jacksonian Revolution on position of, 109

Progressive Party formed by Roosevelt, 236

Protection adopted after War of 1812..84;
Cotton States opposed to, 85, 98;
Republican Party and tradition of, 227

Prussia forces war on Europe, 237;
attacks neutral Belgium, 237;
sinks _Lusitania_, 238;
revives campaign of murder at sea, 239;
contrasted with U.S., 239

Puritan Colonies in America, 5-6;
dislike of Catholicism in, 38;
feeling against Irish, 138-139

Quebec, taken by Wolfe, 10

Quincey, Josiah, protest of against Louisiana Purchase, 70

Radical Republicans, Chase favoured by, 153;
adopt Frémont as candidate, 200;
oppose Lincoln on Reconstruction, 204;
Sumner spokesman of, 205;
still a minority, 211;
increased power in Congress, 218;
commit Congress to Negro Suffrage, 218

Raleigh, Sir Walter, projects Colony of Virginia, 3-4

Randolph, John, draws up declaration of neutrality, 59

Randolph, Peyton, presides at first Continental Congress, 19;
absent from second, 20

Reconstruction, Lincoln's views on, 204;
Congress takes up, 216;
Bill passed by Congress over Johnson's veto, 218.
(_See also_ Negro Rule)

Religious Equality, established in Maryland, 5; in Pennsylvania, 8;
true theory of, 36-38;
in American Constitution, 38

"Republican" original name of Jefferson's party, 57.
(_See also_ Democratic Party)

Republican Party formation of, 145;
Frémont Presidential candidate of, 145;
adopts Lincoln as candidate, 153;
victory of, 155;
Johnson out of touch with, 209;
reasons for supporting Negro rule, 224;
secures Presidency by a trick, 225;
change in character of, 227-228;
abandons cause of Negro, 228;
becomes Capitalist party, 228;
Roosevelt's efforts to reform, 235

Revolution of 1689 transfers government of Maryland to Protestants, 5;
Hamilton's admiration for, 54

Revolution, French (_see_ French Revolution)

Rhode Island, a Puritan Colony, 5;
provisional acceptance of invitation to Hartford Convention, 81

Richmond, Virginia, capital of Confederacy transferred to, 176;
Confederate Congress to meet at, 180;
Northern demand for capture of, 180;
abandoned by Lee, 201

Rochambeau, co-operates with Washington against Cornwallis, 34

Rockingham Whigs, repeal Stamp Act, 16;
conclude peace, 35

Roosevelt, Theodore, elected Vice-President, 235;
succeeds McKinley, 235;
his campaign against Trusts, 235;
popularity of, 235;
denounces his successor, 236;
founds Progressive Party, 236;
wishes U.S. to join Allies, 238

Rosecrans, General, defeated at Chickamauga, 198

San Francisco, Republican Convention at, 236

Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, 29;
effect of, 29-30

"Scallywags," 221

Scotch-Irish, immigration of, 8-9

Secession, contemplated at Hartford Convention, 81;
talked of in South Carolina, 123;
of South Carolina, 158;
of Gulf States, 161;
motives, of, 163-164;
Northern views of, 164;
Abolitionists favour, 164;
Greeley on, 164;
Jacksonians oppose, 165;
a popular movement, 166;
Lincoln denies right of, 160;
Douglas resists, 174;
of Virginia, etc., 176

Sedition Law, 63

Seminole Indians, Jackson pursues, 87

Senate, how chosen, 47;
Whig majority in, 106;
refuses to confirm appointment of Taney, 106;
censures Jackson, 106;
Censure expunged, 107;
Northern majority in, 163

Seven Years' War, outbreak of, 9

Seward, William, Senator, for New York, 139;
his speech on Fugitive Slave Law, 139;
passed over for Frémont, 145;
for Lincoln, 153;
Secretary of State, 172;
attempt to assassinate, 207;
his desire for foreign war, 213

_Shannon_, the, duel with the _Chesapeake_, 80

Shay's Insurrection, 42;
Jefferson on, 61

Shenandoah Valley, Johnstone in, 180;
Jackson's campaign in, 186;
Sheridan in, 201

Sheridan, General, his campaign in Shenandoah Valley, 201

Sherman, Senator John, opposes Negro Suffrage, 218

Sherman, General William T., left in command in the West, 197;
wins Battle of Chattanooga, 198;
moves on Atlanta, 199;
takes Atlanta, 200;
his march to the sea, 201;
receives surrender of Johnstone, 213;
his proposed terms of peace, 213

Slavery, reappears in New World, 3;
legal in all English Colonies, 12;
difference in North and South, 12;
general disapproval of, 40;
disappears in Northern States, 40;
Jefferson's proposals for extinction of, 41;
Constitutional Compromises over, 48-49;
opinion on American Fathers regarding, 49, 50, 129;
Jefferson on, 50;
excluded from North-West Territories, 85;
Missouri Compromises concerning, 86;
Calhoun's defence of, 111, 118, 134;
California decides to exclude, 123;
Arizona and New Mexico open to, 126;
strengthening of, 129;
decline in public reprobation of, 130;
debates on, in Virginian legislature, 131;
effect of economic changes on, 131;
Garrison's view of, 133;
Scriptural appeals regarding, 134-135;
Douglas's attitude towards, 141;
Lincoln's view of, 148-149;
Crittenden compromise concerning, 160;
not the issue of the Civil War, 162;
Lincoln's pledge regarding, 168;
not referred to by Davis, 169-170;
Stephens on, 170;
Lee on, 176;
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, 189-191;
destroyed by the War, 199;
dead, 203;
Thirteenth Amendment abolishes, 203

Slave Trade, in hands of Northern Colonists, 12;
condemned in first draft of Declaration of Independence, 49;
suffered to continue for 20 years, 49;
prohibition of, 49;
abolished in District of Columbia, 126

Slidell (_see_ Mason and Slidell)

Socialism, character of American, 233

"Solid South, the," 225, 228, 234

South, the, staple industries of, based on Slavery, 40;
divergence between North and, 47;
balance between North and, 47, 85;
changes of view of Slavery in, 129-135;
aggressive policy of, 144-145;
rejects Douglas, 153;
votes for Breckinridge, 155;
motives of Secession of, 163-164;
military capabilities of, 179;
attitude of, after the war, 211-212;
attitude of, towards Negroes, 212;
Grant on temper of, 213;
Negro rule established in, 221-222;
liberation of, 224-225;
Negro problem in, 225-226

South America, colonized by Spain, 1;
influence of French Revolution on, 87;
freedom of, guaranteed by Monroe Doctrine, 88;
German ambitions in, 238

South Carolina, colonization of, 8;
"Tories" in, 31;
Cornwallis and Tarleton in, 31;
dislike of Protection in, 98;
nullifies Tariff, 99;
nullifies Force Bill, 101;
talk of Secession in, 123;
election of Lincoln cheered in, 156;
peculiar attitude of, 156-157;
secedes from the Union, 158;
demands surrender of Sumter, 172;
anger against, 173-4;
Sherman's march through, 201

Southern Confederacy, anticipated by Jackson, 102;
formed, 169.
(_See also_ Confederate States.)

Spain, Columbus sails from, 1;
claims the New World, 3;
decline of, 9;
Louisiana transferred to, 10;
dominated by Napoleon, 68;
Burr seeks support from, 73;
proposes war with, 74;
neutral in war of 1812..82;
U.S. complaints against, 86-87;
sells Florida to U.S., 87; war with, 234

Spanish Colonies, 1, 3; revolt of, 87

"Spoils System," the, Jefferson accused of originating, 68;
Jackson inaugurates, 96;
effect of, 109

Spottsylvania, Battle of, 198

"Squatter Sovereignty," hostile nickname for "Popular Sovereignty"
(_q.v._), 142

Stamp Act, imposed, 14;
resistance to, 15-16;
repealed, 17

Stanton, appointed Secretary for War, 194;
dismissal of, 219

Stars and Bars, the flag of the Confederacy, 173

Stars and Stripes, the, origin of, 35;
South Carolina hands down, 158;
affection of Davis for, 167;
anger at affront to, 173-174;
first appearance of, on European battlefields, 239-240

States, independence of, recognized severally, 35;
powers of, under the Constitution, 44;
representation of, in Congress, 47

State Sovereignty, question of, left undefined by the Convention, 43;
doctrine of, affirmed by Quincey, 70;
Hartford Convention takes its stand on, 82;
Calhoun maintains, 111;
extreme view of, taken by South Carolina, 156-157;
Lincoln avoids overt challenge to, 171;
Virginia's adherence to, 174-175;
Lee's belief in, 175-176;
Kentucky's interpretation of, 177-178

Stephens, Alexander H., opposes secession of Georgia, 161;
chosen Vice-President of the Confederacy, 169;
on Slavery, 170;
urges claims of Negroes, 212

Stevens, Thaddeus, dictator of Reconstruction policy, 214;
his character and aims, 214-216;
compels House to accept his leadership, 216;
mover in Impeachment of Johnson, 218;
death of, 224

Stowe, Mrs. Beecher, 132, 133, 136

Sumner, Charles, enters Senate, 139;
his speeches and beating, 151;
spokesman of Radicals, 205;
his character, 205;
misunderstands Declaration of Independence, 205-207;
censures Grant's report, 213;
not director of Reconstruction, 214;
his scruple about mentioning black men, 217;
his opinion on the Impeachment of Johnson, 220;
his contention regarding Chinese, 230;
concession to, 231

Sumter, cavalry leader, 32

Sumter Fort, held by Federal Government, 172;
attempt to reinforce, 172;
Lincoln sends supplies to, 172;
Davis consents to bombardment of, 173;
surrender of, 173;
anger at attack on, 173-174

Supreme Court, independence of, 45;
pronounces a National Bank constitutional, 57;
Jackson on, 105;
decides against Dred Scott, 146

Suratt, Mrs., 207

Taft, President, succeeds Roosevelt, 236;
denounced by Roosevelt, 236

Talleyrand and "X.Y.Z. letters," 63;
Jefferson's negotiations with, 69

Tammany Hall, foundation of, 58

Taney, Roger, a Catholic, 39;
Attorney-General, 105;
and Jackson's Veto Message, 105;
appointed Secretary to the Treasury, 106;
Senate refuses to confirm, 106;
his judgment in the Dred Scott case, 146;
supports the Union, 165

"Tariff of Abominations," the, 98

Tarleton, leader of South Carolina "Tories," 31;
defeated at Cowpens, 31

Taxation of the Colonies, 14-16

Taylor, Zachary, defeats Mexicans, 122;
Whig candidate for Presidency, 124;
Lowell's satire on, 124;
elected, 125;
on California, 125;
an obstacle to Clay, 126;
death of, 126

Tea Tax, imposed, 17;
resisted in Boston, 17

Tennessee, Jackson commands in, 74;
nominates Jackson for Presidency, 92;
rejects Secession, 171;
secedes, 175

Territories surrendered to Federal Government, 44;
Slavery in, 85, 142 _et seq._, 160;
Douglas eager for development of, 141-142

Texas, secedes from Mexico, 115;
the "Lone Star State," 116;
seeks admission to the Union, 116;
Calhoun eager to annex, 116;
boundary of, in dispute, 117;
Secessionism in, 171

Thirteenth Amendment, Slavery abolished by, 203

Thomas, General, a Virginian Unionist, 97;
associated with Sherman in the West, 97

"Tippercanoe," nickname of Harrison, 113

Tobacco industry in American colonies, 11

Townshend, Charles, proposes taxation of Colonies, 17

_Trent_, the, Mason and Slidell take passage on, 182;
stopped by Captain Wilkes, 182;
anger in England over, 183

Trusts, unpopularity of, 234;
Roosevelt attacks, 235

Tyler, Whig candidate for Vice-Presidency, 113;
succeeds Harrison as President, 114;
differences with Whig leaders, 114-115;
appoints Calhoun Secretary of State, 115;
Democrats refuse to accept as candidate, 119

"Uncle Tom's Cabin," 136

Union, urgent need for, 41-42;
difficulties of, 43;
achieved, 51;
Western feeling for, 72;
Jackson's devotion to the, 100;
Clay called upon to save the, 125;
Abolitionists hostile to the, 133, 136;
South Carolina's view of the, 157;
Lincoln declares perpetual, 168;
calls for soldiers to defend the, 174

United States, Constitution framed for, _42 et seq._;
neutrality of, 59;
enthusiasm for France in, 60;
Louisiana purchased by, 68;
war with Great Britain, 79;
Great Britain makes peace with, 83;
feeling of victory in, 84;
Florida acquired by, 87;
European intervention in America declared unfriendly to, 88;
Monroe Doctrine essential to, 88-89;
Jackson's importance for, 108;
claims of, to Oregon, 117;
Texas desires to join, 118;
dispute between Mexico and, 120;
successful in war against Mexico, 122;
California, etc., acquired by, 122;
secessions from, 158, 161, 176;
anger in Great Britain with, 183;
protests of, in _Alabama_ case, 192;
compensation paid to, 192;
Napoleon III. avoids conflict with, 214;
immigration problems in, 230-231;
labour movement in, 233-234;
attitude of, towards European War, 237-238;
declares war, 239;
contrast between Prussia and, 239

Vallandingham, a typical "Copperhead," 194;
sent across Confederate lines, 195

Van Buren, accuses Calhoun of conspiring against Eaton, 98;
fears power of U.S. Bank in New York, 104;
reports Palmerston on Jackson, 108;
President, 110;
avoids war with Great Britain, 111

Vermont, a Puritan Colony, 5;
refuses invitation to Hartford Convention, 81

Vice-President, how chosen, 46;
change in method of choosing, 67;
Calhoun, 97;
Tyler, 114;
unimportance of, 114;
Johnson, 200;
Roosevelt, 235

Vicksburg, capture of, 196

Vikings, unimportance of, 2

Virginia, foundation of, 3-4;
opposition to Stamp Act in, 16;
sends Jefferson to Continental Congress, 20;
invaded by British forces, 34;
Jefferson's reforms in, 36 _et seq._;
fails to adopt his plan regarding Slavery, 41;
slave insurrection in, 130;
legislature of, discusses slavery, 130;
John Brown plans slave rising in, 152;
rejects Secession, 171;
objects to coercion of a State, 174-175;
secedes from the Union, 176;
joins Confederacy, 176;
invaded, 180, 186, 187, 192, 198

War of 1812, 79-84;
effect of, 84, 87

War of Independence, 25-35

War with Spain, 234-235.
(_See also_ Civil War, Mexican War)

Washington, City of, site agreed on, 55;
Jefferson inaugurated in, 67;
burnt by British, 80;
Slave Trade abolished in, 126;
attack on, feared, 187

Washington, Booker, quoted, 212, 220

Washington, George, serves in French War, 10;
chosen to command American forces, 25;
his character and strategy, 26-27;
defeated at Long Island, 27;
abandons Philadelphia, 28;
defeats Tarleton at Cowpens, 31;
besieges Yorktown, 34;
presides over Convention, 42;
President, 51;
national confidence in, 52;
signs Bill for a National Bank, 57;
re-elected, 57;
declares U.S. neutral, 59;
suppresses "Whisky Insurrection," 61;
condemns Democratic societies, 61;
declines a third term, 62;
his farewell address, 62

Webster, Daniel, as an actor, 79, 100;
supports Force Bill, 101;
leagued with Clay and Calhoun, 102;
Secretary of State, 114;
supports Compromise of 1850..127;
death of, 139

Wellington, proposal to send to America, 83

West, the, opened up by Daniel Boon, 71;
its governing conditions, 71-72;
influence of, on Clay, 78;
Slavery in, 85;
deserts Clay for Jackson, 95;
Douglas a product of, 140-141;
Douglas appeals to, 174;
military qualities of, 196

West Virginia, cleared by McClellan, 181;
recognized as a State, 181

Whig Party, name adopted by Coalition against Jackson, 105;
committed to defence of Bank, 105;
defeat of, 105;
appropriateness of name for, 109;
abandonment of principles by, 113;
victory of, 114;
Tyler out of sympathy with, 114;
runs Taylor for President, 124;
disappearance of, 139, 145

Whitman, Walt, quoted, 173

Wilderness, the, Hooker trapped in, 192;
Lee fights Grant in, 198

Williamsburg, Hooker defeated at, 186

Wilkes, Captain, seizes Mason and Slidell, 182;
compliments to, 183

Wilmot Proviso, 122

Wilson, Woodrow, elected President, 236;
career and character of, 236;
his policy regarding European War, 238-239;
supported by nation in declaring war, 239

Wolfe, James, takes Quebec, 160

"X.Y.Z." Letters, 63

Yorktown Peninsula, Cornwallis retires to, 34;
McClellan lands on, 186

Yorktown, surrenders, 34;
McClellan besieges, 186

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A History of the United StatesChapter XI: The New Problems (2)

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