Chapter III: Latin

I. The Ties with Rome.--William I., Henry II.,
John--Church lands--The "exempt" abbeys--Coming of the
friars--The clergy in Parliament--Part played by prelates
in the State--Warrior prelates, administrators, scavants, saints 157

II. Spreading of Knowledge.--Latin education--Schools
and libraries--Book collectors: Richard of Bury--Paris, chief
town for Latin studies--The Paris University; its origins,
teaching, and organisation--English students at Paris--Oxford
and Cambridge--Studies, battles, feasts--Colleges, chests,
libraries 166

III. Latin Poets.--Joseph of Exeter and the Trojan
war--Epigrammatists, satirists, fabulists, &c.--Nigel Wireker
and the ass whose tail was too short--Theories: Geoffrey of
Vinesauf and his New Art of Poetry 176

IV. Latin Prosators--Tales and Exempla.--Geoffrey of
Monmouth--Moralised tales--"Gesta Romanorum"--John of
Bromyard--"Risque" tales, fables in prose, miracles of the
Virgin, romantic tales--A Latin sketch of the "Merchant of
Venice"--John of Salisbury; Walter Map--Their pictures of
contemporary manners 181

V. Theologians, Jurists, Scientists, Historians.--The
"Doctors"; Scot, Bacon, Ockham, Bradwardine, &c.--Gaddesden
the physician--Bartholomew the encyclopaedist--Roman law and
English law--Vacarius, Glanville, Bracton, &c.
History--Composition of chronicles in monasteries--Impartiality
of chroniclers--Their idea of historical art--Henry of
Huntingdon, William of Malmesbury, Matthew Paris--Observation
of manners, preservation of characteristic anecdotes, attempt
to paint with colours--Higden, Walsingham and others 193

CHAPTER IV.

LITERATURE IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

I. Pious Literature.--A period of silence--First works
(pious ones) copied, translated or composed in English after the
Conquest--Sermons--Lives of saints--Treatises of various
sort--"Ancren Riwle"--Translation of French treatises--Life and
works of Rolle of Hampole 204

II. Worldly Literature.--Adaptation and imitation of
French writings--The "Brut" of Layamon--Translation of romances
of chivalry--Romances dedicated to heroes of English
origin--Satirical fabliaux--Renard in English--Lays and
tales--Songs--Comparison with French chansons 219

BOOK III.

_ENGLAND TO THE ENGLISH._