Chapter I: Part 1

[Transcriber's Note: Spelling and punctuation variants have not been standardized; <> marks letters supplied by the original editor. Superscripts have been marked thus ^1. _Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; #bold# print was marked by # signs. See also the Transcriber's Note at the end. This vocabulary was designed for use with "Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose" by Kenneth Sisam, available at PG #43736.]

A

MIDDLE ENGLISH

VOCABULARY

BY

_J. R. R. TOLKIEN_

_Designed for use with_

SISAM'S Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

OXFORD

AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

M DCCCC XXII

Printed in England

ABBREVIATIONS

AFr. Anglo-French.

allit. alliterative; (in) alliterative verse, &c.

cf. in etymologies indicates uncertain or indirect relation.

constr. constructed with; construction.

Du. Dutch.

E.; Mn.E. (Modern) English.

E.D.D. The English Dialect Dictionary.

Fr. French.

Fris. (Modern) Frisian (dialects).

from is prefixed to etymologies when the word illustrated has additional suffixes, &c., not present in the etymon.

G. German.

Goth. Gothic.

Icel. (Modern) Icelandic.

Kt.; OKt. Kentish; Kentish dialect of Old English.

L.; Med.L. Latin; Mediaeval Latin.

MDu. Middle Dutch.

ME. Middle English.

MHG. Middle High German.

MLG. Middle Low German.

N.E.D. The Oxford (New) English Dictionary.

Nth.; ONth. Northumbrian; Northumbrian dialect of Old English.

NWM. North West Midland.

OE. Old English.

OFr. Old French.

OFris. Old Frisian.

OHG. Old High German.

OIr. Old Irish.

ON. Old Norse, especially Old Icelandic.

ONFr. Northern dialects of Old French.

OS. Old Saxon (Old Low German).

prec. preceding word.

red. reduced; reduction.

Swed. Swedish.

WS.; OWS. West Saxon (dialect of Old English).

* is prefixed where forms are theoretically reconstructed.

+ between the elements shows that a compound or derivative is first recorded in Middle English.

NOTE

This glossary does not aim at completeness, and it is not primarily a glossary of rare or 'hard' words. A good working knowledge of Middle English depends less on the possession of an abstruse vocabulary than on familiarity with the ordinary machinery of expression--with the precise forms and meanings that common words may assume; with the uses of such innocent-looking little words as the prepositions _of_ and _for_; with idiomatic phrases, some fresh-minted and some worn thin, but all likely to recur again and again in an age whose authors took no pains to avoid usual or hackneyed turns of expression. These are the features of the older language which an English reader is predisposed to pass over, satisfied with a half-recognition: and space seldom permits of their adequate treatment in a compendious general dictionary or the word-list to a single text. So in making a glossary for use with a book itself designed to be a preparation for the reading of complete texts, I have given exceptionally full treatment to what may rightly be called the backbone of the language.

Brief indications of the etymology of each word are given, with references in difficult cases to the Oxford English Dictionary (_N.E.D._). Apart from their usefulness as a basis for exercises in phonology and the analysis of vocabulary, these will serve to differentiate words distinct in origin which coincide in some of their forms or spellings. The Old English or Old French forms cited are those that best illustrate the Middle English; in consequence the Old English forms frequently differ from normal West-Saxon, and the Old French forms are especially those of the French current in England (Anglo-French is rarely specified). Old Norse words have usually been cited in the normal spelling (e.g. of Zoëga's _Old Icelandic Dictionary_). Accordingly, long vowels in Old Norse words are marked as in _bráþ-r_. In Old English words stable long vowels are marked as in _brād_; uncertain quantity or probable shortening in Old English times is marked as in _adrǣ̆dd_; vowels that were lengthened in the Old English period (e.g. before _ld_, _mb_, _nd_) are marked as in _cáld_, _clímban_, _bíndan_.

For the convenience of beginners the glossary is liberally supplied with cross references, and the prefixed Table summarizes the principal variations of form or spelling. Particular attention should be given to the following points of arrangement: (i) _Ȝ_ has a separate alphabetical place following _G_; cross-references to _gh_ are not given: (ii) _Þ_ has a separate alphabetical place following _T_; variation between _þ_ and _th_ is disregarded, and initial _Th_ is entered under _Þ_: (iii) _U_, _V_ are alternative forms of the same letter; variation between them is disregarded, and initial _U_ is entered under _V_: (iv) _Y_ initially has its usual place; but medial or final _Y_ will be found in the alphabetical position of _I_.

J. R. R. T.

PRINCIPAL VARIATIONS OF FORM OR SPELLING

1. a _varies with_ o (_before_ m, n); _as_ land, lang, lamb--lond, long, lomb; man, name--(_Western_) mon, nome.

2. a (= ā) _varies in Northern texts with_ (i) ai, ay; _as_ (_a_) fare, _fare_--fayre (_b_) fayre--farest, _fairest_: (ii) _with Southern_ o, oo; _see_ 14.

3. ai, ay _varies with_ (i) ei, ey; _as_ mayntene--meyntene: (ii) a; _see_ 2: (iii) o, oo; _see_ 2.

4. au (_before_ m, n) _varies with_ a (_chiefly in French words_); _as_ daunce--dance.

5. be-, _prefix varies with_ bi-; _as_ begynne--biginne.

6. c _varies with_ k; _as_ bac, court--bak, kort.

7. des-, _prefix varies with_ dis-; _as_ des-, disavauntage.

8. e (= ẹ̄) _varies in Northern texts with_ ei, ey; _as_ wel(e)--weill, weyl; stele--steill. _See_ 13, 20.

9. ei, ey _varies with_ (i) ai, ay (_cf._ 3); _as_ weie, wey(e)--way(e): (ii) _hence in Northern texts with_ a; _as_ strat-ly--streyte: (iii) _with_ e; _see_ 8.

10. er _varies with later_ ar; _as_ fer, hertely--far, hartely.

11. f _varies with_ u (= v): (i) _initially_ (_Southern_); _as_ fader--uader: (ii) _finally_ (_Northern_); _as_ haf(e)--haue.

12. ght _varies with_ ȝt, cht (_Scottish_), ht, st; _as_ nyght--niȝt, nycht, nyht, seuenist.

13. i (_vowel_) _varies with_ y, _passim_: i, y _varies with_ (i) e _in Northern texts_; _as_ hider, liuen, myddel--heder, leue, medill: (ii) _with_ e, (_South_) _Western_ u; _as_ hil, fyrst--hell, uerst--hul, furst.

14. o, oo (= ǭ) _varies in Northern texts with_ (i) a; _as_ hot, hoot--hate: (ii) _hence also with_ ai (_see_ 2): (iii) _with_ oi, oy; _see next_.

15. o, oo (= ọ̄) _varies in Northern texts with_ (i) ou, u; _as_ god, good--goud, gud(e): (ii) oi, oy; _as_ none, noon--noyne.

16. (s)sch _varies with_ (s)sh, ss; _as_ schewe--shewe, ssewe; fle(s)sch--flessh.

17. þ _varies with_ th, _passim_.

18. u (_in_ au, eu, ou) _varies with_ w, _passim_; _see_ 21.

19. u, v (= u) _varies with_ o (_esp. before_ m, n); _as_ sun(ne)--sonne; but--bot(e); _see also_ 15.

20. u, v (= ü) _varies in Western texts with_ (i) e, eo; _as_ erthe--(_Western_) eorþe, vrþe: (ii) _with_ i, y, e; _see_ 13.

21. w _varies medially with_ gh, ȝ (u); _as_ owen, _own_--oghne, oȝene, oune: _initially_ (_Scottish_) _with_ v; _as_ woundit--voundit.

22. y (_consonant_) _varies initially with_ ȝ; as ye--ȝe; _medially with_ i, (i)gh, (i)ȝ; _as_ say, se(i)gh, se(i)ȝe, _saw_.

23. _single consonant varies with double_; _as_ sad--sadde.

24. _single vowel varies with double_; _as_ breed--brede, _breadth_; wod--wood, _mad_.

GLOSSARY

#A#, _pron._ he, XIII _a_ 27, 47, 48; they, XIII _a_ 13, _b_ 22, 36, 39, 61, 64, 66. [Unaccented form of ME. _ha_. _See_ Hare, Ham.]

#A#, _v. inf._ have, I 127. [Reduced unaccented form of _haue_; _see_ Habbe(n).]

#A(n)#, _adj._ one, IV _b_ 34; _indef. art._ a(n), I 22, VIII _b_ 7, &c. _See_ Ane, On(e).

#A(n)#, _prep._ on, in, &c. II 137, III _introd._, 22, VIII _a_ 43, XIII _a_ 11, _b_ 19, 34, &c.; _a blode_, with blood, XV _g_ 16; _a nyghtes_, at night (OE. _on niht_, _nihtes_), VIII _b_ 16; _a þre_, in three, XIII _b_ 49 (_see_ Ato, Atwynne); _a Goddes half_, for God's sake, XII _b_ 80. [Weakened form of On, _q.v._; _an_ in III is possibly dialectal; _a_ is used only before following consonant.] _See_ Ane.

#Abandoune#, _v._ to abandon, resign, X 50. [OFr. _abandouner_.]

#Abasshed#, _pp._ perturbed, XVI 177 (note to XVI 59). [AFr. _abaiss-_; OFr. _e(s)bair_, _e(s)baiss-_.]

#Abate#, _v._ to lessen, XIV _b_ 19; reduce, VIII _a_ 209 (_imper. sg._); _intr._ XVII 445; #Abatid# (_of_), _pp._ ceased, VII 104. [OFr. _abatre_.]

#Abedde#, _adv._ in bed, XII _a_ 141. [OE. _on bedde_.] _See_ Bedd(e).

#Abhomynable#, _adj._ abominable, XI _b_ 90. [OFr. _abominable_.]

#Abide#, #Abyde#, #Habide#, _v._ (i) _intr._ to wait, remain, stay, II 84, IX 197, XVII 531; tarry, II 348; _imper._ wait!, V 149; halt!, XVI 213; (ii) _trans._ to await, XVII 334; withstand, endure, XIV _b_ 31; #Abode#, _pa. t._ XIV _c_ 68, XVII 373; #Abyde#, _pp._ in _ys abyde_, has survived, XIII _b_ 50. [OE. _ā-bīdan_.] _See_ Bide.

#Abite#, _n._ outward appearance, XI _b_ 99. [OFr. _(h)abit_.]

#Able#, _adj._ able, VI 239, XI _b_ 92. [OFr. _(h)able_.] _See_ Vnable.

#Abone#, _adv._ above, XVII 146. _See_ Aboue(n).

#Abosted#, _pa. t. sg._ threatened boastfully, VIII _a_ 148. [ME. _a-_ + Boste, _q.v._]

#Aboue(n)#, #Abovin#, #Abuf#, _adv._ above, overhead, on top, V 149, VII 105, 135, IX 56, X 61; on the surface, VII 160; _prep._ above, higher than, XI _b_ 182, XVII 83; _quasi-sb._ in _be at here aboue_, get the upper hand of them, XIII _a_ 61. [OE. _*on-bufan_, _abufan_.] _See_ Abone.

#Aboueseyd#, _adj._ aforesaid, IX 307. [Prec. + _pp._ of Seie.]

#Aboute(n)#, #Abowte#, #Obout# (XIV _a_), (i) _adv._ about, round, on all sides, here and there, to and fro, I 233, V 165, VIII _a_ 297, XI _b_ 270, XII _a_ 143, _b_ 117, XIV _a_ 15, XV _i_ 3, XVII 303, 351, &c.; round about, VII 83, &c.; round it, II 359; _al aboute round_, all round about, XII _a_ 79; (ii) _prep._ about, round, &c. (often following _n._ or _pron._), I 54, II 274, 284, V 95, XIV _b_ 68, &c.; on, XI _b_ 236; in, XI _b_ 293, 296; _about al_, in all directions, II 387; _aboute_ with _for to (vnbynde)_, XVI 7. [OE. _onbūtan_, _ābūtan_.]

#Abrod#, _adv._ out wide, XII _a_ 176. [OE. _on_ + _brād_.]

#Abuf#. _See_ Aboue.

#Abugge#, _v._ to pay for (it), VIII _a_ 75, 159. [OE. _ā-bycgan_.] _See_ Bigge.

#Ac#, _conj._ but, II 56, III 34, VIII 67, &c. [OE. _ac_.]

#Acheue#, _v._ achieve, VI 115. [OFr. _achever_.] _See_ Cheue.

#Accordandly#, _adv._ accordingly, IV _b_ 33. [From pres. p. of Acorde.]

#Acord(e)#, #Accord#, _n._ agreement, VI 149, XI _a_ 32; concurrence, united will, XVII 30; _made acorde of care and me_, associated me with, caused me to know, care, VI 11. [OFr. _acord(e)_.]

#Acorde(n)#, _v. trans._ to reconcile, V 337; _to acorde me with_, to associate myself with, V 312; _intr._ agree, XI _b_ 128, XII _b_ 145, XIII _b_ 52. [OFr. _acorder_.] _See_ Corden.

#Acountes#, _n. pl._ settlement of accounts, VIII _a_ 83. [OFr. _acont_, _acunt_.]

#Acsede#. _See_ Axe(n).

#Actif#, #Actyf#, _adj._ active, VIII _a_ 245, XI _b_ 74, 102. [OFr. _actif_.]

#Aday#, _adv._ in _dyne aday_, eat at (mid-day) meal, VIII _a_ 303. [OE. _on dæge_, by day.]

#Ademand#, _n._ loadstone (magnetic iron ore), IX 123, 125, &c. [OFr. _adema(u)nt_, L. _adamantem_ (acc.), properly 'diamond'. The application to 'loadstone' was due to false association with L. _ad-amāre_. The mediaeval 'adamant' in consequence often combined the properties of diamond and loadstone.] _See_ Dyamand.

#Admytte#, _v._ to admit, XVII 551. [L. _admittere_.]

#Adoun#, #Adown#, _adv._ down, II 223, 435, VIII _a_ 31, &c. [OE. _of-dūne_, _adūne_.] _See_ Doun(e).

#Adrad#, _pp._ afraid, XII _b_ 133; #Adred#, XVII 201. [OE. _ofdrǣ̆dd_, _ofdrē̆dd_, pp.] _See_ Drede(n).

#Adreynt#, _pp._ drowned, II 397. [OE. _ā-drencan_, pp. _ā-drenct_.]

#Adresced#, _pp._; _therupon him hath adresced_, has fastened himself to it, XII _b_ 85. _See_ Dresse. [OFr. _adresser_.]

#Aduersouris#, _n. pl._ adversaries, X 144. [OFr. _adversier_ with alteration of suffix.]

#Afelde#, _adv._ to the fields, VIII _a_ 136, 283. [OE. _on felda_.] _See_ Feld(e).

#Aferd(e)#, _adj._ afraid, I 4, 67, 262, VIII _a_ 115, XVII 316, &c. [OE. _ā-fǣred_.] _See_ Ferde.

#Affaite#, _v._ train, tame, VIII _a_ 32 (note). [OFr. _afait(i)er_.]

#Affeccyon#, _n._ affection, (worldly) desire, IV _b_ 52, 71. [L. _affectiōn-em_ through OFr.]

#Af(f)erme#, _v._ affirm, IX 77, XI _a_ 50; confirm, IX 305. [OFr. _afermer_.]

#Affie#, _v._ to have (faith in), XVI 29. [OFr. _afier_.]

#Afforces# (_thame_), _pres. pl._ (_refl._) endeavour, IV _b_ 20. [OFr. _s'afforcer_.]

#Affray#, _n._ fear, XII _a_ 142. [OFr. _e(s)frai_.]

#Afine#, _adv._ to the end, II 277. [OFr. _a fin_.]

#Afore#, _adv._ beforehand, XVII 164. [OE. _æt-foran_.]

#Aforth#, _v._ to afford, VIII _a_ 192. [OE. (late) _ge-forðian_, to manage.]

#Afright#, _pp._ _Not afright_, undeterred, XVII 541. [OE. _ā-fyrht_.]

#After# (#-ir#, #-yr#, #-ur#), _adv._ after, behind, II 378, VII 24, XVI 376, &c.; afterwards, then, VII 46, VIII _a_ 5, &c.; _be the whiche ... after_, in accordance with which (mixed Fr. and E. constr.), IX 302; _prep._ after, next to, I 215, XI _b_ 27, &c.; according to, IX 220, 291, XI _b_ 189, &c.; for (after _desire_, _ask_, &c.), VII 20, VIII _a_ 291, XV _h_ 5, XVI 242, &c.; _conj._ after, XVII 148. _After þan_, afterwards, II 597. [OE. _æfter_; _æfter þā̆m_.]

#Afterward#, #Aftyrward(e)#, &c., _adv._ afterwards, II 164, IV _b_ 59, XI _b_ 147, &c.; #Efterward#, III 16, 35, 38, 48. [OE. _æfterweard_ (Kt. _efter-_).]

#Agayn(e)#, #Agane#, _adv._ back, again, IV _b_ 83, XVI 11, XVII 180, 479, &c. _See_ Aȝayn.

#Agaynes#, _prep._ against, IV _b_ 18, 19. [Prec. + adv. _-es_.] _See_ Aȝeines.

#Agaynste#, _prep._ against, XVI 280; _to loke a._, to gaze on, XVI 92. [Extended from prec.]

#Agast#, _pp._ afraid, XIV _c_ 51, XVII 184, 297; astonished, XVII 449. [_a-_ + OE. _gæsted_, afflicted.] _See_ Gastli.

#Age#, _n._ age, time of life, VI 52, XII _introd._; mature age, IX 22; old age, VII 6, XIV _c_ 106, &c. [OFr. _age_.]

#Ago#, _pp._ gone by, XII _a_ 34. [OE. _ā-gān_.]

#Agrete#, _adv._ collectively, as a body, VI 200. [OE. _on_ + _grēat_.]

#Agreued# (_for_), _pp._ weighed down (with), V 302; annoyed (by), I 88. [OFr. _agrever_.]

#Aȝayn#, _adv._ again, back, V 53, 257, 332; #Aȝe#, XIII _a_ 8; #Aȝein#, #Aȝeyn#, I 230, VIII _a_ 44, XII _a_ 28, &c.; #Aȝen#, IX 132; #Oȝain#, II 141, 162. [OE. _ongēn_, _ongegn_.]

#Aȝayn#, #Aȝen#, #Aȝein#, #Aye#, #Oȝain#, _prep._ against, III 58, V 48, IX 19; towards (of time), II 497, XII _b_ 18. [As prec.] _See_ Agayn.

#Aȝeines#, _prep._ against, contrary to, VIII _a_ 309, 311, 315; #Aȝenes#, XIII _b_ 17; #Aȝens#, I 261, 264, VIII _b_ 78; #Aȝenus#, XI _a_ 29. [Prec. + adv. _-es_.] _See_ Agaynes.

#Aȝenst#, _prep._ against, IX 92, 315, XI _b_ 43, 46, 97. [Extended from prec.] _See_ Agaynste.

#Aȝleȝ#, _adj._ without fear, V 267. [ON. _agi_ + OE. _-lēas_.] _See_ Awe.

#A-hungrye#, _adj._ hungry, XVII 499. [_a-_ + OE. _hungrig_.]

#Ai#, #Ay#, _adv._ always, ever, IV _a_ 1, 14, VII 18, X 61, XV _a_ 10, 17, &c.; _for ay_, for ever, XVII 26. [ON. _ei_.]

#Ay#, _n._ fear, in _for loue or ay_, in any event, II 571. [OE. _ege_.]

#Aye.# _See_ Aȝayn.

#Ayenbyte#, _n._ remorse. _See_ III _introd._ [OE. _ongēn_ + _bite_.]

#Ayere#, #Aire#, _n._ air, IV _b_ 5, VII 107, 110. [OFr. _air_.]

#Aire#, _n._ heir, VIII _b_ 62. [OFr. _(h)eir_.]

#Ays.# _See_ Ese.

#Aither#, #Ayþer#, #Athir#, #Eyþer#, _adj._ and _pron._ both, VII 65; either, V 112; _eyþer oþer_, each other, XIII _b_ 57; _athir othir in_, one in the other, X 22. [OE. _ǣgþer_, both; _ā(w)þer_, either.] _See_ Euþer.

#Ayther#, #Aþer#, _conj._ or, VI 131; _ayther ... or_, either ... or, XVII 477. [As prec.] _See_ Or^2; Oþer, _conj._

#Aywhere#, _adv._ on all sides, V 113. [OE. _ǣghwǣr_.]

#Aketh#, _pres. pl._ ache, VIII _a_ 253 (_see_ Wombe). [OE. _acan_.]

#Akyng#, _n._ aching, XI _b_ 136.

#Al#, _adj._ all, I 120, II 114, III 6, &c.; #Alle#, I 19, &c.; _pl._ III 55, &c.; _al(l) a(n)_, a whole, VII 183, VIII _a_ 253, XIII _a_ 32, 44, XIV _c_ 4; _al(le) maner(e)_, all kinds of, II 589, XI _a_ 12 (_cf._ Alkyn); _al(le) þing(e)_, _see_ Þing; _all way_, _weys_, _see_ Alway, Way; _all it_ (_þei_, _we_), all of it (them, us), XV _g_ 16, IX 104, XVII 456, &c.; _here names of alle_, the names of them all, I 37; _of al and sum_, in general and particular, in full, VI 224; as _sb._ all, XVI 303, &c.; every one (with _sg._ verb), VI 87. [OE. _al(l)_.] _See_ Algate, Alkyn, Alsaume, &c.

#Al#, #All(e)#, _adv._ entirely, quite, very, I 108, II 76, V 304, VIII _a_ 138, &c.; in comb. with To-, II 81, 106, 262, IV _a_ 78, VII 147; with For-, II 398, XV _c_ 29. _Al away_, quite away, IV _a_ 75; _al one_, alone, V 87, XII _a_ 131, _b_ 15; _al oon_, all one (and the same thing), XI _a_ 41; _al to_, up to (the number of), III 56; _all be (were) it þat_, although, IX 50, 171, 302, 312; _all if_, although, XVII 231. [OE. _al(l)_.]

#Al#, #All(e)#, _n._ all, everything, III 43, 51, &c.; _about al_, in all directions, II 387; _ouer al_, everywhere, II 208 (OE. _ofer all_). [OE. _al(l)_.]

#Aldai#, #Al day#, _adv._ all day, V 166, XII _introd._ [OE. _alne dæg_.]

#Alde#. _See_ Olde.

#Alepy#, _adj._ (a) single, I 159. [OE. _ā̆nlēpig_.]

#Algate#, _adv._ by all means, at any rate, I 107, II 231. [_Cf._ ON. _alla götu_, all along, always.] _See_ Gate, _n._^2

#Algatis#, _adv._ continually, XI _a_ 38. [Prec. + adv. _-es_.]

#Aliens#, _n. pl._ foreigners, XIII _b_ 61. [OFr. _alien_.]

#Aliȝt#, #Alihte#, _v._ to alight, II 377, XII _a_ 76. [OE. _ā-lihtan_.] _See_ Liȝt, _v._^2

#Aliri#, _adv._ ? across one another (of legs), VIII _a_ 116. [? Related to Lyre, _n._^2]

#Alis#, _v._ _See_ Eyleþ.

#Alyue#, _adj._ living, VI 85. [OE. _on līfe_.]

#Alkyn#, _adj._ of all kinds, VIII _a_ 70. [OE. _*alra cynna_.] _See_ Kyn.

#Allas#, _interj._ alas! II 107, &c. [OFr. _alas_.]

#Alleg(g)e(n)#, _v._ to cite (in support of a contention), XI _b_ 56, XVI 277; to contend, XI _b_ 79. [OFr. _esligier_, _aligier_, associated with unrelated L. _allēgāre_.]

#Allowe#, _v._ approve, receive with approval, XVI 330; #Alod#, _pp._ XVII 56 (note). [OFr. _alouer_, from L. _allaudāre_.]

#Allþough#, #Althogh#, _conj._ (even) though, IX 110, XII _b_ 196, &c. [Al, _adv._ + Þogh, _q.v._]

#Allweldand#, _adj._ almighty, XVII 494. [Cf. OE. _alwáldende_.]

#Almes(se)#, _n. sg._ an act, or works, of charity, charitable gift or offering, VIII _a_ 121, 140, XI _b_ 2, 163, 270, &c.; #Elmesses# _pl._ (OKt. _elmessan_), III 17. [OE. _ælmesse_.]

#Almyȝt#, _adj._ almighty, VI 138. [OE. _æl-miht_.]

#Almyty#, #-myghty#, _adj._ almighty, VIII _b_ 105, XV _i_ 12. [OE. _æl-mihtig_.]

#Alofte#, _adv._ in the air, aloft, V 220, XII _a_ 94, &c. [ON. _á loft_.] _See_ Lofte.

#Alod#, _pp._ _See_ Allowe.

#Alone#, _adj._ alone, XVII 489; _see_ Al, _adv._

#Als#, _adv._ also, as well, V 292, VIII _a_ 148, X 8, 11, XVII 126, 127. [Reduced form of Also, _q.v._]

#Als#, #Alss#, _conj._ as (_esp._ in _als ... as_, as ... as), like, IV _a_ 2, 63, 84, _b_ 86, VIII _a_ 37, &c.; as for instance, like, XVI 306, 308, 311; as, while, IV _b_ 43, XV _a_ 4; _als ... þat_, so ... that, IX 151; _als b(i)liue_, as quickly (as possible), straightway, II 531, 584. [As prec.] _See_ As.

#Alsaume#, _adv._ (all) together, 198. [Cf. ON. _allir saman_.] _See_ Sam(e), _adv._

#Also#, #Alsua# (X), _adv._ also, as well, I 35, II 144, X 33, &c.; _conj._ like, II 508; _also bliue_, _also spac_, _also swiþe_, as quickly (as possible), straightway, II 142, 343, 574. [OE. _al-swā_.] _See_ Als, As.

#Al(l)way#, #-wey#, _adv._ always, (for) ever, continually, XIII _a_ 3, _b_ 63, XVI 150, 168, &c.; in any case, certainly, XVI 164. [OE. _alne weg_.] _See_ Algate(s).

#Am#, _1 sg. pres. ind._ am, V 90, &c.; coalescing with prec. pron. in Icham, Ycham (_q.v._). [OE. _am_.] _See_ Ar, Art, Is, &c.

#Amaistrien#, _v._ to master, control, VIII _a_ 205. [OFr. _amaistrier_.]

#Amang#, _adv._ in the meanwhile, XVII 247; #Emang#, at times, from time to time, XVI 262, 301. [OE. _on-(ge)máng_.] _See_ Amonge.

#Ame#, _v._ to guess; _as y kan ame_, I guess, I 45. [OFr. _aesmer_, _amer_.]

#Amend(e)#, _v._ to make better, reform, set right, VIII _a_ 268, IX 338, XI _a_ 48, XVII 256. [OFr. _amender_.] _See_ Mend(e).

#Amendement#, _n._ improvement, cure, I 238, II 200, VIII _a_ 132. [OFr. _amendement_.]

#Amercy#, _v._ to fine, VIII _a_ 40. [OFr. _amercier_.]

#Amidde#, _prep._ in the middle of, II 355. [OE. _on-middan_.]

#Amiddes#, _adv._ in the midst, XII _a_ 170; _prep._ (from) among, II 191. [Prec. + adv. _-es_.]

#Amys#, _adv._ amiss, VIII _a_ 322. [ON. _á miss_.] _See_ Mysse.

#Amoner#, _n._ almoner, alms-giver, III 16. [OFr. _au-moner_.]

#Among(e)#, _prep._ among, II 220, VIII _a_ 89, &c.; #Emang#, #Emong#, XVII 112; (follows noun) XVII 400. [OE. _on-(ge)máng_.] _See_ Amang, Mong.

#Amonges#, _prep._ amongst, II 306, VII 37, &c. [Prec. + adv. _-es_.]

#Amorwe#, _adv._ on the next day, II 181, 497. [OE. _on morgene_.]

#An#, #And#, #Ant#, _conj._ and, I 254, VIII _a_ 205, XI _a_ 1, XV _b_ 11, _d_ 2, _e_ 6, _g_ 25, 26, _i_ 5, &c.; _an te_, and the, XV _e_ 19; if, II 43, VI 200, 238, VIII _a_ 250, XIII _a_ 44, _b_ 39, XIV _c_ 14, 103, XVI 208 (even if), XVII 297, 502. On postponement of _and_ in Gower see note to XII _a_ 26. [OE. _and_.]

#Ancres#, _n. pl._ anchorites, religious recluses, VIII _a_ 139. [OE. _ā̆ncra_.]

#Andzuerede#. _See_ Ansuere.

#Ane#, _indef. art._ a, X 5, 16, 31, &c.; representing older inflected forms, III 11 (first), 13, 49; _adj._ one, a single, IV _a_ 58, X 157; (predicatively) one, united, IV _a_ 56; _pron._ one, IV _b_ 1, 43; a certain person, IV _a_ 69, X 169. _See_ A(n), On(e).

#Ane#, _prep._ on; _ane his lhordes haf_, on his master's behalf, III 11. [From OE. _on_, _an_, on anal. of _in_, _inne_.]

#Anely#, _adv._ only, IV _b_ 81. [OE. _ānlic_, adj.] _See_ Onely.

#Anewe#, _adv._ once more, XV _a_ 22. [_a-_ + OE. _nēowe_.]

#Angelis#. _See_ Aungel.

#Anger#, _n._ grief, V 276. [ON. _angr_, grief.]

#Angré#, _adj._ angry, XVII 187. [From prec.]

#Angwys#, _n._ grief, IV _b_ 28, [OFr. _anguisse_.]

#Ani#, #Any#, _adj._ any, I 2, 18, II 528, &c. [OE. _ǣnig_.] _See_ Eny, Ony.

#Animal#, _n._ animal, II 364. [OFr. _animal_.]

#Anodir#. _See_ Anoþire.

#Anoynt#, _v._ to smear, XVII 127. [Formed on OFr. _enoint_ pp. of _enoindre_.]

#Anon(e)#, _adv._ at once, straightway, next, II 385, 499, VI 224, XVII 490, 526, &c.; #Onone#, VII 149, XVII 275. [OE. _on ān_.]

#Anothire#, #Anoþer#, _adj._ and _pron._ another, IV _b_ 3, 34, IX 37, &c.; #Anoþur#, XIV _c_ 27; #Anouþer#, I 140; #Anodir#, XVI 87. [OE. _ān_ + _ōþer_.]

#Anouȝ#. _See_ Ynoȝ.

#*Anowrned#, _pp._ adorned, II 363 (MS. anowed). [OFr. _aourner_; ? _a-_ to _an-_ on anal. of E. alternation _a-_, _an-_.]

#Ansuer(e)#, #Answere#, _v._ to answer, III 5, 25, IX 178, XII _b_ 76; #Andzuerede#, _pa. t._ III 33. [OE. _an(d)swerian_.]

#Answar#, _n._ answer, VI 158. [OE. _an(d)swaru_.]

#Ant#. _See_ An, _conj._

#Antifeners#, _n. pl._ antiphonaries, XI _b_ 229 (note). [OFr. _antiphonier_.]

#Apayed#, _pp._ pleased, satisfied, VIII _a_ 102, 189. [OFr. _apaier_.] _See_ Paie.

#Apassed#, _pp._ as _prep._ past, VI 180. [OFr. _apasser_.]

#Ap(p)ere#, #Appiere#, _v._ to appear, VI 45, XII _a_ 132, XVI 368, XVII 173. [OFr. _aper-_; _apareir_.]

#Ap(p)eyre#, _v._ to do harm to, injure, impair, VIII _a_ 126, 164, 212, XIII _b_ 14; #Apeyryng#, _n._ impairing, XIII _b_ 15. [OFr. _empeirer_.] _See_ Empeyre.

#Apert#, _adj._ plain, V 324; _adv._ openly, plainly, I 200, VI 229; for all to see, II 586. [OFr. _apert_.]

#Apon#. _See_ Vpon.

#Aposede#, _pa. t._ put a (hard) question to, VIII _b_ 10. [OFr. _oposer_, _aposer_.]

#Apostel#, _n._ apostle, XI _a_ 12, _b_ 15, 99, 273, &c. [OE. _apostol_.] _See_ Posteles.

#Apparaille#, _v._ to dress, VIII _a_ 59. [OFr. _aparailler_.]

#Apparale#, _n._ preparations, apparatus, gear, X 3, 14, 44, 119. [OFr. _aparail_.]

#Apparence#, _n._ appearance, XII _a_ 127. [OFr. _ap(p)arence_.]

#Appetit# (_to_), _n._ desire, appetite (for), VIII _a_ 261, IX 15, XII _a_ 87. [OFr. _apetit_.]

#Appiereth.# _See_ Ap(p)ere.

#Approprid#, _pp._ assigned as personal property, XI _b_ 97. [OFr. _aproprier_.]

#Aquit#, _pp._ requited, XII _b_ 138, 197. [OFr. _aquiter_.]

#Ar#, _conj._ before (usually with _subj._), VIII _a_ 93, 196, 258, 261, 269, XV _g_ 33, &c. [OE. _ǣr_, and with weak stress _æ̆r_(?).] _See_ Are; Er(e), _adv._; Or.

#Ar(e)#, _pres. ind. pl._ are, IV _b_ 18, V 9, 27, &c.; #Aren#, VIII _a_ 268, 270, &c.; #Arn(e)#, II 13, VI 24, 42, &c. [OE. (Nth.) _aron_.] _See_ Art, Er(e), Ben, &c.

#Aray#, _n._ array, X 68; rank, estate, VI 131; _of aray_, stately, XVII 539 (or _grete of aray_, great in magnificence). [OFr. _arei_.]

#Arayed#, _pp._ arranged, XIII _a_ 1. [OFr. _areyer_.]

#Aratede#, _pa. t._ rebuked, VIII _b_ 11. [Unknown.]

#Archidekenes#, _n. pl._ archdeacons, VIII _b_ 75. [OE. _ærce-diacon_, OFr. _archedekne_.] _See_ Dyacne.

#Are#, _adv._ before, I 93, XVI 38, 98, 345. [ON. _ár_ (? late Nth. _ar_); but see Ar, _conj._]

#Arered#, _pp._ raised, set up, XIII _a_ 11, 13, &c. [OE. _ā-rǣran_.]

#Arȝe# (_wyth_), _v._ to be terrified, quail (at), V 203, 209, 233. [OE. _eargian_.]

#Aryȝt#, _adv._ rightly, right well, XIII _b_ 46; #Ariht#, XII _a_ 67, XIV _c_ 61. [OE. _on-riht_, _ariht_.]

#Arise#, #Aryse#, _v._ to arise, rise, get up, come to pass, II 311, VIII _a_ 112, 261, 319, _b_ 15; #Aros#, _pa. t. sg._ II 318, XV _g_ 1 (note). [OE. _ā-rīsan_.]

#Arm(e)#, _n._ arm, I 112, VII 162, &c.; embrace, XII _a_ 161. [OE. _earm_.]

#Armes#, _n. pl._ arms, weapons, (knightly) warfare, II 182, IX 109, &c. [OFr. _armes_.]

#Armyt#, #Armed#, _pp._ armed, II 395, X 7, 37, &c.; #Y-armed#, II 136, 184, 292. [OFr. _armer_.]

#Arn(e).# _See_ Ar(e), _v._

#Arryuen#, #Aryue#, _v._ to come to land, IX 184; to come (to a destination), VI 87. [OFr. _arriver_.]

#Art#, _2 sg. pres. ind._ art, I 202, 204, II 422, &c.; #Artow#, art thou, II 421 (_see_ Þou); #Ert#, VIII _b_ 34. [OE. _eart_.]

#Artetykes#, _adj. pl._ arthritic, accompanied with inflammation of the joints, IX 314. _See_ Gowtes. [OFr. _artetique_, corruptly from L. _arthrīticus_.]

#Arwes#, _n. pl._ arrows, IX 258. [OE. _earh_.]

#As(e)#, _conj._ as, I 24, II 290, III 48, &c.; _as ... as_ (foll. by accus.), XVII 19; _as that_, as, XVII 182; _as hys desserte_, according to his deserts, VI 235; even as, seeing that, XVII 427, 552; _as euer_, as sure as ever, XVII 237, 395; so (in oaths, &c.), V 55, &c.; as if (usually with _subj._) I 31, 121, 195, II 108, 402, V 106, 133, 134, 189, 194, 221, 326, VII 45; as relative particle, I _introd._, XVII 325; _as swyþe_, _tyte_, straightway, I 111, XVII 219. [Further reduced from Als, _q.v._]

#Asalis.# _See_ Assaylle.

#Askes#, _n. pl._ ashes, XIII _a_ 4. [OE. _axe_.]

#Aske(n)#, #Aski# (II), _v._ to ask for, demand, I 131, II 450, 467, VI 220, &c.; require, VIII _b_ 71; inquire, I 132, IX 176. [OE. _ā̆xian_.] _See_ Axe(n).

#Aspien#, #Asspye#, _v._ to detect, observe, VIII _a_ 123, 217, XI _a_ 60; #Aspide#, _pa. t._ III 42. [OFr. _espier_.] _See_ Spie.

#Assai#, #Assay#, _n._ test, trial; _at assai_, when put to the test, XIV _c_ 5; _set in, till, hard(e) assay_, place in sore straits, X 62, 170, 188. [OFr. _essai_, _assai_.]

#Assaie#, #Assay(e)#, #Asay#, _v._ to test, prove, make trial, II 452, 568, V 294, IX 61, 102, 121, XIV _c_ 66, XVII 219, 249, 433; to endeavour, VIII _a_ 24, XII _b_ 81. [OFr. _essayer_.] _See_ Saye.

#Assaylle#, #As(s)ale#, #Assa(i)lȝe# (X), _v._ to assail, attack, IX 88, X 4, 12, 43, 114, 132, 144, XVII 295, &c.; #Assaling#, _n._ assault, X 41, 60. [OFr. _as(s)aillir_.]

#Asse#, _n._ ass, XV _f_ 5, &c. [OE. _assa_.]

#Assemblid# (_to_), _pa. t._ assembled (at), VII 85. [OFr. _assembler_.]

#Assembly#, _n._ joining of battle, VII 57. [OFr. _assemblee_.]

#Assende#, _v._ to ascend, XVI 32. [OFr. _ascendre_.]

#Assent#, _pp._ sent for, XII _b_ 208. _See_ Of-sende.

#As(s)ente#, _n._ agreement; compliance, VI 31; _of þare assente_, of like mind with them, XVI 310. [OFr. _asente_.]

#Assent(e)#, _v._ to agree, VIII _a_ 39, 57; _pp._ XVI 170. [OFr. _asentir_.]

#Assoylled#, _pp._ absolved, IX 286. [OFr. _assoillir_.]

#Asspye#. _See_ Aspien.

#As(s)tate#, _n._ estate, (high) rank, VI 33, 130, VII 21. [OFr. _estat_.] _See_ State.

#Astrangled#, _pp._ choked, II 396. [OFr. _estrangler_.]

#Asunder#, #-yr#, _adv._ apart, I 224; pleon. with _parte_, I 103. [OE. _on-sundran_.] _See_ Sonder.

#Aswon(e)#, _adj._ in a swoon, I 195 (note), II 549. [OE. _geswōgen_.] _See_ Falle(n); Swone.

#At#, _prep._ at, I 13, 74, &c.; in, VII 66, VIII _a_ 63; IX 253; _at wordes_, in words, II 139; (of time) V 23, 100, IX 284, XI _a_ 12; to, V 108, VII 13; with infin. (_at do_), _see_ Do; according to, I 82, II 271, XIV _b_ 56, XVI 258, XVII 4, 322; at the value of, VIII _a_ 162, _b_ 101, XVII 364; at the hands of, from, I 239, 240, 245, II 179, III 4, 31 (_see_ Atte). #At on#, at one, in accord, VI 18; _at þe full_, completely, XI _b_ 198; _haue at þe_, _see_ Habbe(n). [OE. _æt_.] _See_ Atte; Þare.

#At#, _rel. particle_; _þat at_, that which, what, VI 176 (note); _quhar at_, _see_ Whar. [ON. _at_; _þat at_ is possibly for _þat tat_ (cf. Atte, Þou, &c.).]

#Ate#. _See_ Atte.

#Atempree#, _adj._ temperate, IX 29. [OFr. _atempré_.]

#Aþer#, #Athir#. _See_ Aither, Ayther.

#At-hold#, _v._ to restrain, II 88. [OE. _æt-_ + _háldan_.]

#Atire#, _n._ apparel, II 299. [From next.]

#Atire#, _v._; #Atird#, _pp._ equipped, II 158. [OFr. _atir(i)er_.] _See_ Tired.

#Atled#, _pa. t._ intended, V 195. [ON. _ǽtla_.]

#Ato#, _adv._ in two, apart, II 125, IX 140; #Atwo#, VIII _a_ 97. [OE. _on twā_.] _See_ A(n) _prep._; Tuo.

#Atour#, _n._ apparatus, equipment, X 125. [OFr. _atour(n)_.]

#Atourned#, _pp._ equipped, II 291. [OFr. _atourner_.]

#Atrete#, _adv._ straight out, plainly, XIV _c_ 78. [OFr. _a trait_.]

#Atslyke#, _v._ to slip away; _atslykeȝ_, is spent, VI 215. [OE. _æt-_ + _slīcan_.]

#Atte#, #Ate#, at the, II 232, 379, III 4, VIII _a_ 96, _b_ 29; of the, III 31; in fixed expressions where Mn. E. has 'at', as: _atte chirche_, VIII _a_ 50; _at(t)e firste_, _last(e)_, _mete_, _see_ Furste, Laste, Mete; _atte nale_ = _atten_ (OE. _æt þam_) _ale_, over the ale, VIII _a_ 109. _See_ At.

#Atteynte#, _v._ to convict, prove guilty, XVI 278. [From _ateint_, convicted, pp. of OFr. _ateindre_. See next.]

#Atteny#, _v._ to reach, VI 188. [OFr. _ateign-_, stem of _ateindre_.]

#Atwynne#, _adv._ in two, I 189, 191. [OE. _on_ + _twinn_.]

#Atwo#, #Avay#. _See_ Ato, Awai.

#Avayll#, #Avale#, _v._ to be of use to, XVII 154; _it avalis you_, (it) is your best course, XVII 296. [_a-_ + OFr. _vail-_, _valeir_.]

#Avale#, #Availl# (X), _v. intr._ to descend, IX 195; _trans._ to let down, X 28. [OFr. _avaler_.]

#Avauntage#, _n._ advantage, XIII _b_ 35, 36. [OFr. _avantage_.]

#Auctorité#, _n._ authority, XI _b_ 61. [OFr. _au(c)torité_.]

#Auctour#, _n._ original authority, author, IX 304; #Autours#, _pl._ XI _a_ 23. [OFr. _autour_, and (from 14th c.) _auctour_, &c.]

#Audience#, _n._ formal hearing, audience, XII _b_ 209. [OFr. _audience_.]

#Aue Maria#, an Ave, Hail Mary, IX 323. [First two words of Latin prayer.]

#Auentur(e)#, #Auentour#, _n._ chance, (notable) occurrence, feat, II 15, 18, 32, &c.; risk, X 118; _an auenture_, (as _conj._) in case, VIII _a_ 43; _at auentur_, as chance directed, recklessly, XIV _c_ 34. [OFr. _aventure_.] _See_ Aunter.

#Aueril#, _n._ April, XV _c_ 1. [OFr. _avril_.]

#Auȝt#. _See_ Owe, _v._

#Avys#, _n._ deliberation, IX 295, 297. [OFr. _avis_.]

#Avised#, _pp._; _wel avised_, judicious, XII _b_ 217. [OFr. _aviser_.]

#Aungel(l)#, _n._ angel, IV _a_ 46, XI _b_ 23, XVI 339, 389; #Angel#, XI _b_ 152, &c. [OFr. _a(u)ngel_.]

#Aunsetris#, _n. pl._ ancestors, men of former days, VII 5. [OFr. _ancestre_, nom. sg.]

#Aunter#, _n._ chance, event, VII 5, 67, 155. [As Auentur; but due to older and more popular borrowing.]

#Auter(e)#, _n._ altar, I 74, 76. [OFr. _auter_.]

#Autours#. _See_ Auctour.

#Auþer#. _See_ Oþer, _adv._ and _conj._

#Awai#, #Away(e)#, #Awei(e)#, #Awey(e)#, _adv._ away, VIII _a_ 184, XII _b_ 132, &c.; #Avay#, X 58, 187; #Oway#, II 192, 261, 329; #Owy# (in rime), II 96, 491, 561; _don awei_, abolished, XI _b_ 206; _wanne awaye_, rescued, XVI 171; _predic._, gone, over, II 59 (_oway_), XVII 537. [OE. _on-weg_, _aweg_; ? with _owy_, cf. rare OE. _wig_.]

#Awake#, _v. intr._ to be aroused, wake up, II 77, VIII _a_ 318, _b_ 1, &c.; _trans._ to wake, II 73; #Awake#, _pp._ wakened, XV _g_ 14. [OE. _ā-wæcnan_, str.; _ā-wacian_, wk.; both intr.] _See_ Forwake, Wackenet, Wake.

#Awangelys#, _n. pl._ gospels, XV _i_ 6. [L. _ēvangelium_.] _See_ Euaungelistis.

#Awe#. _See_ Owe, _v._

#Awe#, _n._ fear; _for Crystys awe_, for fear of Christ, I 83. [ON. _agi_.] _See_ Aȝleȝ.

#Awede#, _v._ go mad, II 87; #Awedde#, _pp._ (gone) mad, II 400. [OE. _ā-wēdan_.] _See_ Wode, _adj._

#Aweyward#, _adv._ (turned) in the opposite direction, XIII _a_ 35. [OE. _onweg_ + adv. _-ward_.]

#Awen#, #Awne#. _See_ Owen, _adj._

#Awenden#, _pa. t. pl._ thought, XV _g_ 17. [_a-_ + OE. _wēnan_.] _See_ Wene(n).

#Awharf#, _pa. t. sg._ turned aside, V 152. [OE. _ā-hweorfan_.]

#Aworthe#. _See_ Yworth.

#Awreke# (_of_), _v._ to avenge (on), VIII _a_ 166; #Awroke#, _pp._ VIII _a_ 195. [OE. _ā-wrecan_.] _See_ Wreke.

#Ax#, _n._ axe, V 155, XIV _e_ 1, &c. [OE. _æx_.]

#Axe(n)#, _v._ to ask, demand, inquire (of), VIII _a_ 291, XI _b_ 207, XII _a_ 145, &c.; #Acsede#, _pa. t._ III 4, 25, 31. [OE. _ā̆xian_.] _See_ Aske(n).

#Babelynge#, _n._ babbling, XI _b_ 84. [Echoic; _cf._ Blabre.]

#Bad(de)#. _See_ Bidde.

#Bagge#, _n._ wallet (for food), VIII _b_ 54. [ON. _baggi_.]

#Bayarde#, _n._ bay horse (as typical horse name); _þat was bake for B._ = coarse horse-bread, VIII _a_ 187. [OFr. _baiard_.] _See_ Bred.

#Bayle#, #Bayll#. _See_ Bale.

#Bayly#, _n._ dominion, VI 82. [OFr. _baillie_.]

#Bailyues#, _n. pl._ bailiffs, managers of estates, XI _b_ 288. [OFr. _baillif_.]

#Baill#, _n._^1 wall (of the outer court in a feudal castle), XVI 195; #Bale#, prison, custody, XVI 161 (but this may belong to Bale, _q.v._). [OFr. _bail_.]

#Baill#, _n._^2 bundle, X 27. [OFr. _bale_.]

#Bayn#, _adj._ obedient, V 90, XVII 308. [ON. _bein-n_, direct.]

#Bair#. _See_ Bare.

#Bak#, #Bac# (II), #Backe#, _n._ back, II 344, VII 126, XVII 264, &c.; _bak and bone_, all over the body, XVII 407. [OE. _bæc_.]

#Bake(n)#, _pp._ baked, VIII _a_ 187, 288, 305; #Ybake(n)#, VIII _a_ 175, 278. [OE. _bacan_.]

#Bakoun#, #Bacoun#, _n._ bacon, VIII _a_ 279, 304. [OFr. _bacun_.]

#Balde#. _See_ Bold.

#Bale#; #Bayle#, #Bayll# (XVII); _n._ torment, misery, sorrow, IV _a_ 77, V 351, VI 13, XIV _a_ 28, XVI 275, XVII 26, 311, 552, &c.; at XVI 161 'torment' is possible, but _see_ Bail, _n._^1 [OE. _balu_.]

#Balȝ#, _adj._ rounded, or ? with level surface, V 104 (_cf._ Sir Gaw. 2032, and Prompt. Parv. _balwe_, planus).

#Balkes#, _n. pl._ (unploughed) ridges in a field, VIII _a_ 101. [OE. _balc(a)_.]

#Ban#, _v._ to curse, XIV _b_ 94, XVII 94; #Banned# (_MS._) I 188, ? read Bende (_q.v._). [OE. _bannan_, proclaim; ON. _banna_, forbid, curse.]

#Bandis#. _See_ Bond.

#Bane#. _See_ Bon.

#Baner#, _n._ banner, II 294, XIV _a_ 8. [OFr. _banere_.]

#Bank(k)es#. _See_ Bonk(e).

#Baptiste#, _pa. t._ baptized, XVI 75. [OFr. _baptiser_.]

#Barbe#, _n._ cutting edge, V 242. [OFr. _barbe_, beard, barb (of arrow, spear, &c.).]

#Bard#, _pp._ penned, XVII 328. [OFr. _barrer_.] _See_ Barres, Vnbarred.

#Bare#, #Bair# (X), _adj._ bare, naked, V 9, 188, VII 164, X 190, &c.; _on bonkes bare_, XIV _b_ 20; despoiled, XIV _a_ 20; bald (in style), VII 74; mere, V 284, X 113. [OE. _bær_.]

#Bar(e)#, #Bare(n)#. _See_ Bore, _n._; Bere, _v._

#Barely#, _adv._ openly, XIV _b_ 94; summarily, VII 68. [OE. _bærlīce_.]

#Baret#, _n._ strife, V 47 (_see_ Bend). [OFr. _barat_.]

#Barfot#, _adj._ barefoot, II 232. [OE. _bær-fōt_.]

#Barga(y)n#, _n._ bargain, VIII _b_ 100, XVII 94. [OFr. _bargaine_.]

#Barge#, _n._ a smaller sea-going ship belonging to a larger vessel, XIV _c_ 53, 65; ship, VII 90. [OFr. _barge_.]

#Barly#, _n._ (as _adj._) barley, VIII _a_ 129. [OE. _bærlic_.]

#Barm#, _n._ lap, XV _g_ 13. [OE. _bearm_.]

#Barm-fellys#, _n. pl._ leather aprons, XV _h_ 11. [OE. _bearm_ + _fell_; cf. _bearm-clāþ_, &c.]

#Barne#, _n._ child, VI 66, XVII 308, 419; _barnes bastardes_, bastards, VIII _b_ 75. [OE. _bearn_.]

#Barouns#, _n. pl._ barons, II 201, 503, 550. [OFr. _barun_.]

#Barras#, _n._ defensive outwork, X 164. [OFr. _barras_.]

#Barres#, _n. pl._ bars, XVI 190. [OFr. _barre_.]

#Barste#. _See_ Brest(e).

#Bastardes#, _n. pl._ bastards; as _adj._, VIII _b_ 75. [OFr. _bastard_.]

#Baston#, _n._ stave, stanza, Introduction xv. [OFr. _baston_.]

#Batail(e)#, #Bataill#, #Batayl#, #Batel(l)#, _n._ embattled host, XIV _b_ 52; battle, VII 56, 91, *XI _b_ 154, XIV _b_ 31, XVI 131, &c. [OFr. _bataille_.]

#Bataild#, _adj._ embattled, with battlements, II 360. [Modelled on OFr. _bataillé_.]

#Bath#. _See_ Boþe.

#Batis#, _n. pl._ boats X 123. [OE. _bāt_.]

#Baþe#, _v._ to bathe (_trans._ and _intr._), II 585, XIII _a_ 25. [OE. _baþian_.]

#Baundoun#, _n._ control; _in hire baundoun_, at her disposal, XV _c_ 8. [OFr. _bandun_.]

#Be#, _conj._ by the time (that), X 157. Cf. _bi þat_. _See_ next.

#Be#, #Beo# (XIV _c_ 44), _prep._ by (way of), IX 179, 192, 198; through, IX 112, 136, 137; (of _time_) by, at, in, VI 163, IX 204, 339, XII _a_ 117, 131, XV _i_ 15, 20; by (means of), through, III 22, VII 23, IX 67, 130, XII _a_ 23, _b_ 199, XVI 355, &c.; by (of _agent_), III 30, IX 112 (first), 298, 305, XII _b_ 217, &c.; by (in oaths, &c.), XII _b_ 45, 164. _Counted ... beo_, set value on, XIV _c_ 44; for idiomatic expressions see the nouns. [OE. _be_.] _See_ Bi.

#Be-#. _See also_ Bi-, By-.

#Becam#, #Becomen#. _See_ Bicome.

#Beclipte#, _pa. t._ embraced, XII _a_ 178; #Byclypped#, _pp._ encircled, XIII _a_ 21. [OE. _beclyppan_.]

#Bede#, _v._ to bid, offer, V 254, XIV _a_ 9; #Bede#, _pa. t. sg._ (bade), V 22; offered, 180, 284. [OE. _bēodan_, early confused with _biddan_.] _See_ Bidde, Forbede.

#Bed(e)#. _See_ Bidde.

#Bedd(e)#, #Bede# (IV), _n._ bed, II 93, 242, XII _a_ 99, &c.; _dat. sg._ in _to bedde_, to bed, VIII _a_ 93, XII _b_ 105; _þe bede of blysse_, ? the joyful bridal bed (of Christ and the soul), IV _a_ 11. [OE. _bedd_.] _See_ Abedde.

#Bedes#, _n. pl._ prayers, I 16. [OE. _ge-bed_.]

#Bedeyn#. _See_ Bidene.

#Bedele#, _n._ herald, one who delivers the message of an authority, XI _b_ 48. [OE. _bydel_; OFr. _bedel_.]

#Bedreden#, _n. pl._ the bedridden, VIII _a_ 185, _b_ 21. [OE. _beddreda_.]

#Bee#, #Bees#. _See_ Ben.

#Beest#. _See_ Best(e), _n._

#Befalle#, _v._ to happen, chance, IX 129, &c.; to befall, XVII 514; _pa. t. sg._ Befell(e), VII 67, 155; #Bevil#, #Bifel#, it chanced, II 57, III 41; #Befalle(n)#, _pp._ II 21, IX 194. [OE. _be-fallan_.] _See_ Falle(n).

#Begge#, to beg, VIII _a_ 186, 233, _b_ 29, &c. [? OE. _bedecian_; see _N.E.D._]

#Begger(e)#, _n._ beggar, II 483, 499, VIII _a_ 188, 197, &c. [See _N.E.D._]

#Begyn(ne)#, #Bigin(ne)#, #Bygyn(ne)#, &c., _v._ to begin, act, do, come about, I 69, IV _b_ 57, VI 187, VIII _a_ 160, XIV _b_ 25, _c_ 83, XVI 268, 280, XVII 267, &c.; _begyn of_, b. with, XVII 253; #Be-#, #Bi-#, #Bygan#, _pa. t. sg._ began, I 154, &c.; did, XV _a_ 7; came to pass, II 598; made (it) in the beginning, XVII 29; #Bygan#, _pa. t. pl._ I 72; #Bygonne#, VI 189; #Begouth#, X 94; #Begonne#, _pp._ IX 171; #Be-#, #Bygynnyng(e)#, _n._ IV _b_ 58, IX 334, XIII _b_ 9. [OE. _beginnan_; _begouth_ is due to confusion of _gan_ with _can_ (_couþe_); _See_ Gan; Can, _auxil._]

#Begynnar#, #Bygynner#, _n._ beginner, causer, VI 76, XVII 406. [From prec.]

#Begon#, _pp._ adorned, XII _a_ 54. [OE. _be-gān_.]

#Begonne#, #Begouth#. _See_ Begynne.

#Beȝonde#, _adv._ beyond, further on, IX 263, 280. [OE. _be-geóndan_.]

#Beȝonde#, #Beȝounde# (I), #Biȝonde# (V), _prep._ across, beyond, I 252, V 132, IX 8, 76, 135, &c.; _see_ See. [As prec.]

#Behald(e)#. _See_ Bihold.

#Behalue#, _n._ behalf; _on Goddes b._, in God's name, I 78. [Originally _be_ prep. and _halfe_ dat. sg.; _cf._ Half.]

#Beheste#, _n._ promise, XII _b_ 196. [OE. (late) _be-hǣs_.] _See_ Heste.

#Behete#. _See_ Bihote.

#Behevin#, _pp._ hewn down, X 163. [OE. _be-hēawan_.]

#Behielde#, #-helde#. _See_ Bihold.

#Behihtest#. _See_ Bihote.

#Behynd#, _prep._ behind, X 85; as _sb._, XVII 331. [OE. _be-híndan_.]

#Behufit#. _See_ Bihoue.

#Beie#. _See_ Bigge, _v._

#Beyn#, #Beyng#. _See_ Be(n).

#Beytter#, _n._ healer, XVII 311. [From Bete, _v._^2]

#Belamy#, #Bellamy#, _n._ good friend (ironically), XVI 213, 338. [OFr. _bel ami_.]

#Beleeve#, _n._ belief, IX 289. [OE. _ge-lēafa_, with change of prefix.]

#Beleue#, #Bileue#, _v._ to believe, I 89, VIII _a_ 82, IX 120, XV _g_ 9. [OE. _ge-lēfan_, (late) _be-lēfan_.] _See_ Leue, _v._^3; Ylefde.

#Belyue#, _adv._ quickly, at once, straightway, VII 161, XVI 211; #Belife#, XVII 192; #Bilyue#, V 3; #Blyue#, IX 18; #Bliue#, in _also bliue_, II 142, _als bliue_, II 531, 584, as quickly as possible, immediately. [OE. _*be līfe_.]

#Bellewys#, _n. pl._ bellows, XV _h_ 6. [OE. _belgas_, pl.]

#Ben#, _v._ to be, II 207, VIII _a_ 96, &c.; #Be(e)#, I 4, XVI 7, &c.; #Buen#, XV _c_ 18; _future, 2 sg._ #Best#, II 173; _3 sg._ #Bees#, IV _a_ 35, XVII 373, #Betȝ#, VI 251; _pl._ #Be#, V 43, XVI 331; _pres. pl._ #Be(n)#, are, II 3, 4, 12, &c.; #Beo#, XIV _c_ 5; #Beoþ#, XIV _c_ 103; #Beth#, #Beþ#, II 59, 110, 273, 582, VIII _a_ 199, XV _f_ 5; #Buþ#, XIII _a_ 1, 6, 10, 13, &c.; #Be(e)#, #Beo#, _pres. subj._, II 165, 433, XIV _c_ 98, _d_ 3, &c.; #Ben#, XI _b_ 73, 218, &c.; #Be(o)#, _imper. 2 sg._ XV _g_ 10, _f_ 7, &c.; _3 sg._ IV _a_ 55; _pl._ VIII _a_ 118, XIV _d_ 11 (first); #Be#, _pp._ I 195, VIII _b_ 74, XI _a_ 44, XII _a_ 20, XVII 192, &c.; #Ben#, II 103, V 196, &c.; #Bene#, V 275, XVI 40; #Beyn#, XVII 445, 532; #Ybe#, XIII _a_ 16; #Beyng#, _pres. p._ in _in hytself beyng_, inherent, VI 86. _Ben_ (_drepit_, &c.), have been (smitten, &c.), VII 9, 11; _be(e) war_, _see_ War(e); _lete ben_, &c., cease from, II 114, XVI 234. [OE. _bēon_.] _See_ Ar(e), Es, Was, &c.

#Bend#, _v._ X 90, 98, XVII 253; #Bende#, _pa. t._ XII _a_ 58, *I 188 (MS. banned); #Bende#, _pp._ V 47, 156; #Bendit#, X 80. The divergent senses are all derived from the original one of stringing, bending, a bow: ? to bind, *I 188 (note); to set ready for discharging, X 80, 90, 98; to make curve, bend, V 156, XII _a_ 58, XVII 253; ? to make bow, bring low, beat down, in _hatȝ ... on bent much baret bende_, ? has upon the field overcome much strife (many opponents), V 47. [OE. _bendan_.]

#Bene#, _adv._ pleasantly, V 334. [Not known.]

#Bene#, _n._ bean, VIII _a_ 175, 188, 209, 278, 288, 298, IX 54; as something of no value (cf. _pees_), XIV _c_ 43. [OE. _bēan_.]

#Benedicite# (L. _imper. pl._) bless (me, us); as exclamation of amazement, XVII 163.

#Benethe(n)#, #Beneyth# (XVII), _adv._ underneath, IX 56, XVII 137; in the lower part, IX 247. [OE. _beneoþan_.]

#Benome#. _See_ Binam.

#Bent#, _n._ grass-slope, field, V 165; esp. in the allit. tag _on bent_, on the field (of battle), or (as variant of _vpon grounde_, &c.) on earth, V 47, 80, VII 91; _on þis bent_, here, V 270. [Perhaps a special use of _bent_, bent-grass, OE. _beonet_.]

#Beo#, #Beoþ#. _See_ Ben; Beo, _prep._

#Berd(e)#, _n._ beard, II 265, 507, 585, V 160. [OE. _béard_.]

#Ber(e)#, _v._ to bear, carry, wear, lift, take; to hold, possess, keep; to give birth to, produce; V 83, VIII _a_ 136, IX 69, 109, XII _a_ 197, XIII _a_ 51, XVII 318, &c.; _2 sg. subj._ VI 106; #Berth#, _3 sg. pres. ind._ XII _a_ 81; #Bar(e)#, _pa. t. sg._ I 146, VIII _a_ 93, XIV _c_ 23, 59, XV _i_ 3; #Ber#, V 193, VI 66; #Baren#, _pl._ IX 148; #Bere#, II 307; #Bore#, _pp._ I 85, II 210; #Born(e)#, II 41, V 252, 326, XIV _b_ 12, &c.; #Ybore#, II 546; #Yborn#, II 174. _Bar þe flour_, _see_ Flour; _b. þe felaȝschip_, keep thee company, V 83; _the depnes ... we bere_, the depth (of water) we draw, XVII 434, 460; _born open_, laid open, V 2 (cf. OE. _beran ūp_). [OE. _beran_.] _See_ Forbere.

#Bere#, _n._^1 clamour, outcry, I 75, II 78, XVI 214. [OE. _ge-bǣre_.]

#Bere#, _n._^2 byre, cattle-stall, XV _f_ 4. [OE. _bȳre_.]

#Bere-bag#, _n._ bag-carrier, a contemptuous nickname for Scots, XIV _a_ 20 (note). [Stem of Bere _v._ + ON. _baggi_.] _See_ Bagge.

#Berȝ(e)#, _n._ mound, V 104, 110. [OE. _be(o)rg_.]

#Berȝe#, _v._ to protect, III _introd._ [OE. _be(o)rgan_.]

#Berien#, _n. pl._ berries, II 258 (note). [OE. _beri(g)e_.]

#Beringe#, _n._ birth, III _introd._ [From Bere, _v._]

#Berking#, _pres. p._ barking, II 286. [OE. _be(o)rcan_.]

#Bernakes#, _n. pl._ barnacle-geese IX 147 (note). [Anglo-L. _bernaca_, OFr. _bernaque_.]

#Bernes#, _n. pl._ barns, VIII _a_ 177. [OE. _ber(e)n_.]

#Berth#. _See_ Bere, _v._

#Beselé#, _adv._ earnestly, XVII 240. [OE. _bisig_ + _-līce_.] _See_ Bysy.

#Besy(nes)#. _See_ Bysy(nes).

#Besyde#. _See_ Bisyde.

#Beso(u)ghte#. _See_ Biseche.

#Best(e)#, _adj. superl._ best, IV _a_ 84, VIII _a_ 197, IX 42, &c.; as _sb._, best (food), VIII _a_ 295; _do þi (doþ ȝour) best_, _see_ Don; _wyth þe beste_, among the best (people), with the saints, IV _a_ 4; _adv._ best, most readily, most, VIII _a_ 81, 107, XVII 472, &c.; _þe best_, VIII _a_ 22. [OE. _betst_.]

#Best#, _v._ _See_ Ben.

#Best(e)#, _n._ animal, creature, II 214, 280, VIII _a_ 134, IX 88, XII _a_ 78, &c.; #Beest#, XVII 3, 135, &c. [OFr. _beste_.]

#Beswyke#, #Byswyke#, _v._ to cheat, IV _a_ 13, VI 208. [OE. _be-swīcan_.]

#Bet#, _adv. compar._; _predic._ in _he was þe bet_, he was better off on that account, VIII _b_ 100. [OE. _bet_.] _See_ Best(e), Betre.

#Bete#, _v._^1 to beat, I 6, VIII _a_ 73, XVII 407; _betes the stretes_, frequents the streets, XIV _a_ 25; #Bette#, _pa. t. sg._ VIII _a_ 171; #Byete#, _pa. t. subj. sg._ III 40 (OE. _bēote_); #Bet#, _pp._ XVII 413; #Betin#, #Betyn#, XIV _a_ 8, XVII 381. [OE. _bēatan_.] _See_ Forbette.

#Bete#, _v._^2 to assuage, remedy, IV _a_ 77, VIII _a_ 233, XIV _a_ 28, 29. [OE. _bētan_.] _See_ Beytter.

#Betȝ#, #Betidde#. _See_ Ben, Bitide.

#Betraied#, _pp._ betrayed, XVI 331. [_be-_ + OFr. _traïr_.]

#Bet(e)re#, #Better(e)#, #Bettre#, _adj. compar._ better, II 40, XI _b_ 37, XIII _a_ 60, XV _c_ 33, &c.; _him were betre_, it would be b. for him, XII _b_ 101; _þat war better_, for whom it would be b., XIV _a_ 32; _adv._ better, XI _b_ 275, XIV _d_ 14, &c.; rather, XI _b_ 288; _þe better_, all the better (for it), V 28, XVII 353; as _conj._, so that ... (the) better, VIII _a_ 46, XVII 175. [OE. _betera_, _bet(t)ra_, adj.]

#Bette#. _See_ Bete, _v._^1

#Betweche#, _v._ ? to commit (to protection of God), XV _i_ 18. Only in this passage; perhaps an error for _becwethe_ (bequeath, commit), or _beteche_ (_see_ Bitaiste).

#Betwen(e)#, #Bytuene# (XV), #Bytwene# _prep._ between, among, IX 162, 166, XII _a_ 68, _b_ 89, XV _c_ 1, &c.; (follows case), V 174, VII 91. [OE. _betwēon(an)_.]

#Betwix#, #Bitwixe#, _prep._ between, XI _a_ 32, XVII 185. [OE. _be-twix_.]

#Beþ#, #Beth#. _See_ Ben.

#Bevil#. _See_ Befalle.

#Beuore#. _See_ Bifor.

#Beweile#, _v. refl._ to lament, XII _a_ 32. [_be-_ + ON. _*veila_; cf. _veilan_, lamentation.]

#Bewycche#, _v._ to bewitch, IX 86. [OE. _be_ + _wiccian_.]

#Bewounde#, _pp._; _it hath b._, wound (itself) about it, XII _b_ 72. [OE. _be-wíndan_.]

#Bewty#, _n._ beauty, XVII 20. [OFr. _beauté_.]

#By#, _adv._ at the side, by; alongside (without coming on board), XVII 373; _þat ... by_, by which, IX 300. [OE. _bī_.] _See_ Þer(e).

#Bi#, #By#, _prep._ (i) On, at, by, II 156, 470, VIII _a_ 167, XV _g_ 16, XVII 75, &c.; _bi ... side_, beside, II 66, V 76; by (way of), over, through, I 62, V 10, 16, 52, 93, X 11, XVII 477; along (with), beside, II 280, 308, V 9, VIII _a_ 4, &c.; (following its case) II 301, V 21, XVII 18; against, touching, V 242; past, II 252, 290, V 36, 39. (ii) In, on, for (of _time_), II 8, 15, VIII _a_ 95, 274, XV _a_ 24, &c.; _see_ Dai, While. (iii) Measured by, compared with, according to, &c., V 28, 158, 296, 297, VIII _a_ 35, 58, 159, 248, _b_ 57, XI _b_ 5, &c. (iv) By (means of), through, &c., II 408, VII 6, &c.; by virtue of, XI _b_ 20; _lyue by_, &c., live on, II 257, VIII _a_ 284, _b_ 26; by (of _agent_), XI _a_ 59, &c. (v) By (in oaths, &c.), II 316, V 54, &c. _Bi al þing_, by every token, II 321, 375; _by so_, provided that, VIII _b_ 40; _bi þan_, thereby, _or_ thereupon (cf. _after þan_), II 553; _bi þat_, thereupon, V 84; by that time, VIII _a_ 285; as _conj._, by the time that, VIII _a_ 294. [OE. _bī̆_.] _See_ Be.

#By#. _See_ Bigge.

#Bi-#, #By-#. _See_ Be-.

#Bible#, _n._ bible, VIII _a_ 227, XI _b_ 230, &c. [OFr. _bible_.]

#Bycause# (_of_), _prep._ because (of), XIII _b_ 16; _bycause_, _because þat_, (conj.) because, XIII _b_ 61, 62, IX 114, 226. [Be, Bi + Cause, _q.v._]

#Biche#, _n._ bitch, XIV _b_ 78. [OE. _bicce_.]

#Byclypped#. _See_ Beclipte.

#Bicome#, #Become#, _v._ to arrive; become; befit; _hyt bycomeþ for_, it befits, VIII _b_ 65; #Becam#, _pa. t. sg._ XII _b_ 13; #Becomen#, _pl._ IX 148; #Bicome#, II 288; #Bicome#, _pp._ II 194; _wher sche was bicome_, _whider þai bicome_, _wher he becam_, what had become (became) of her (them, him), II 194, 288, XII _b_ 13. [OE. _be-cuman_.]

#Bidde#, #Bydde#, #Bid#, _v._ to pray, beg, VIII _a_ 233; to bid, I 265, VI 160, VIII _a_ 210, XI _b_ 79, XII _a_ 48, XIV _d_ 3, XVI 118, XVII 418, &c.; #Bad(de)#, _pa. t. sg._ bade, XII _a_ 46, XV _i_ 16, XVI 201, XVII 309, &c.; _bad to_, bade, XII _b_ 87; #Bed#, prayed to, III 46 (OKt. _bed_); #Bad#, _pl._ II 88, 137; #Bede#, _pp._ XII _a_ 42 (prayed), 101 (commanded). [OE. _biddan_; the confusion with _bēodan_ began in OE.] _See_ Bede.

#Bidderes#, _n. pl._ beggars, mendicants, VIII _a_ 197. [OE. _biddere_.]

#Byd(d)yng#, #Bidding#, _n._ bidding, commands, I 86, XVI 257, XVII 76, 121, 375. [From Bidde.]

#Bide#, #Byde#, _v._ to abide (_intr._ remain, _trans._ await, face, endure), V 224, VI 39, XIV _c_ 21, 47, XVI 23, 207, &c. [OE. _bīdan_.] _See_ Abide.

#Bidene#, #Bydene#, #Bedeyn# (XVII), _adv._ forthwith, withal (often meaningless), VII 79, 127, XIV _b_ 74, XVII 442; _al bidene_, XIV _b_ 11. [See _N.E.D._]

#Bye#, #Byete#. _See_ Bigge, Bete, _v._^1

#Bifel#. _See_ Befalle.

#Bifor(e)#, #Byforn#, #Befor(e)#, #Beuore#, &c., _adv._ before (hand), II 147, VII 121, &c.; _eir befor_, X 140; as _sb._, XVII 331; _prep._ before, in presence of, &c., II 42, III 58, V 4, IX 126, &c.; (of _time_) VI 238, XI _b_ 48, &c.; _bifore þat_, before (_conj._), XI _b_ 195; #Byfore#, _conj._ (with _subj._), before, VI 170. [OE. _be-foran_.]

#Big#, #Bigge#, _v._ to take up one's abode; _to big his boure_, to establish his dwelling, XIV _b_ 26; _bigges him_, settles himself, XIV _b_ 24. [ON. _byggja_.] _See_ Biging.

#Bigan#, #Began#, &c. _See_ Begynne.

#Bigge#, #Bygge#, _adj._ strong, lusty, big, IV _a_ 51, V 33, VI 14, VII 139, VIII _a_ 207. [See _N.E.D._]

#Bigge#, _v._ to buy, purchase, pay for, redeem, VIII _a_ 275; #Beie#, XII _b_ 24; #By(e)#, IV _a_ 65, IX 113; #Byye#, VI 118; #Bugge#, XV _g_ 3; _pa. t._ #Boght#, IV _a_ 38; #Bouȝte#, VIII _a_ 201; #Bouhte#, VIII _b_ 100; #Boght#, _pp._ IV _a_ 80, XII _b_ 153, XVII 373; #Bought(e)#, XVI 8, 275; #Iboust#, XV _g_ 26 (_see_ App. p. 278); _it bees boght full dere_, you will pay for it dearly, XVII 373. [OE. _bycgan_, (Kt.) _becgan_.] _See_ Abugge.

#Byggynge#, _n._ buying, IX 90. [From prec.] _See_ Bying.

#Bigile#, #Bygyle#, _v._ to deceive, V 345, 348, 359, XIV _b_ 44. [OE. _be-_ + OFr. _guiler_.] _See_ Gile.

#Biging#, _n._ dwelling, XIV _a_ 20. [From Big, _v._]

#Bygonne#, &c. _See_ Begynne.

#Bigruccheth#, _3 sg. pres._ grumbles at, VIII _a_ 69. [OE. _be-_ + OFr. _groucher_.] _See_ Grucche.

#Byȝe#, _n._ ring, VI 106. [OE. _bēg_.]

#Bihold#, #Behald(e)#, _v._ to behold, look, II 387, 502, IV _a_ 81, XVII 509, 534, &c.; _bihold on_, _behold to_, look at, II 367, XVII 343; #Beholdes#, _imper. pl._, XVI 195; #Behelde#, _pa. t. sg._ VII 64; #Biheld#, II 101, 320, 323, 530; #Behielde#, _pl._ XII _a_ 164; #Bihold#, #-holde(n)#, _pp._ II 409, 417, XII _b_ 116. [OE. _be-háldan_.] _See_ Holde(n).

#Bihote#, #Byhote#, _v._ to promise, vow, VIII _a_ 227; _byhote God_, I vow to God, VIII _a_ 273; #Behihtest#, _2 sg. pa. t._ XII _b_ 43; #Behete#, _pp._ XVII 430; #Bihot#, XV _a_ 20. [OE. _be-hātan_.] _See_ Hote.

#Bihoue#, _v._ to need; _impers._ in _me bihoues_, I must, it is time for me to, V 228; _pers._ in #Bus#, _2 sg. pres._; _þou bus be_, you ought to be, XVI 338; #Behufit#, _pa. t._ had need (to), X 156. [OE. _be-hōfian_; with the reduced form _bus_ cf. _has_, _hast_, &c.]

#Byye#. _See_ Bigge.

#Bying#, _n._ redemption, XVI 12. [From By, to buy. _See_ Bigge, _v._; Byggynge.]

#Biis#, _n._ fine linen, II 242. [OFr. _bysse_.]

#Biknowe#, #Byknowe#, _v._ to confess, V 317 (_I b. yow_, I confess to you), VIII _b_ 96; #Beknowen#, _pp._ in _þou art b. of_, you have confessed, V 323. [OE. _be-cnāwan_, only recorded in sense 'know'.]

#Bile#, #Bill# (XVII), _n._ beak, XII _a_ 182, XVII 508. [OE. _bile_.]

#Byled#, _pa. t._ boiled, bubbled, V 14; #Boyled#, _pp._ V 106. [OFr. _boillir_; for similar development of vowel in V, _see_ Nye, Disstryeȝ.]

#Bylyue#, _n._ food, VIII _b_ 21, 29. [OE. _bī-leofa_.]

#Bylongeth#, _v. impers._ it belongs to, befits, VIII _b_ 70. [Be- + Longe, _v._^2]

#Bilow#, _v._ to humble, VIII _a_ 223. [Formed on Lowe _adj._]

#Bilt#, _n._ dwelling, *II 483 (MS. ybilt, but required sense 'lodged' is unexampled). [Obscurely rel. to ME. _bilden_, build; see _N.E.D._]