Chapter XVI: Introduction (9)

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To do this, a frame _A_ (Plate 50, fig. 2) holds the Mirror; and this frame has a horizontal motion round the _post_ _B_, something like a common windmill. In this frame and on two horizontal trunnions, turns the Mirror _C D_: and one or both these trunnions are hollow, to admit of a process we shall shortly mention. This Mirror itself is composed of an air-tight ring _C D_, of a width proportionate to the diameter adopted; and on which are fixed two _heads_, much like those of a _tambourine_, (or the _under_ head might be made of some metallic substance). The head _a b c_, is made of a fine texture, duly prepared and varnished till it becomes air tight, and then there are stuck to it, a number of small _hexagonal_ looking-glasses or mirrors of any kind, (see fig. 7) which thus fill up the whole space, and prepare the Mirror for the intended change of form. The method of giving this form, consists in exhausting, more or less, this _tambourine_ of air, when, by the pressure of the atmosphere, the heads will take the form _a b c_, that is a _spherically concave form_--fit to reflect the sun’s rays _as correctly_ as this our object requires; and thus may some thousand small images of the sun be brought to fall on the same spot, and an immense heat be occasioned. The accounts we have of the destruction of the Roman fleet by the _united_ mirrors of Archimedes, make this process appear the more feasible--as whatever were the methods of uniting the _foci_ of his mirrors, a similar effect _may be expected_ from this simple process.

My readers will perceive that this Machine has the advantages of the universal joint, by which it can be directed to the sun in every position; and even made to fix his ardours on any immoveable spot for a good length of time. The persons to whom I particularly address these ideas, will require no further details to conceive the less obvious circumstances of this Invention. In general, we want no effect that requires _optical precision_: but if we did, it could be obtained to a good degree, by methods similar to these.

I shall only add here, that this fig. 2 is given _as a section_--because intended to represent a parallelogram, as well as a solid of revolution: and thus (with proper mirrors) to make what now appears a spherical focus, _a linear one_--fit to heat a cylindrical vessel with it’s contents; and thereby draw _power_ from the sun’s heat, _without_ running expense. I am serious when I say, that we can thus, practically, collect the solar rays which fall on many hundred square feet of surface; and produce by them, at any desired distance, effects to which those obtained from _modern_ burning mirrors, are but as sparks to a blaze.

OF
AN ENGRAVING MACHINE,
_For large Patterns_.

This Machine supposes at once a _new kind_ of engraving, and admits of patterns of _very large_ dimensions. This kind of engraving will be best understood by persons acquainted with figure-weaving; and especially with the manner of _mounting_ the looms for that purpose. In that System, (see Plate 50, fig. 8) the patterns are drawn on ruled paper divided into squares; and each of these squares represents a point in the texture, composed of one or more threads each way; insomuch that whenever that _square_ has any desired colour in it on the pattern, it’s threads are _taken_ by the person who prepares the loom; and they are _missed_ in every case where nothing appears in that square, or a colour not then wanted. Now, whatever be the dimensions of these elementary points on the loom, they may be represented by squares of any convenient size on the pattern: only remembering that the smaller they are, in reality, the better will be the delineation. Thus in carpeting, for example, an element of this kind may be a square of one tenth of an inch and more; while one on a ribbon or a piece of silk, is often not the hundredth part. And therefore, the perfection of this engraving depends on the fineness of the points of which the figures are composed. For, in a word, this System proceeds on the same principle. When any part of a line requires a dot or mark to be made, the Machine strikes a blow _there_; and when no impression is to be made, the Machine (by means that will be shewn) suffers the cylinder to pass that place without striking. The means of regulating this is committed to workmen who merely know how to _read_ off the pattern _in it’s length_, as it is now read off _in it’s width_ by the weaver. To describe the construction of the Machine, (as exhibited in figs. 3 and 4 of Plate 50) _A_ is the cylinder to be engraved; and _B_ is a worm-wheel _fixed_ to it’s mandril, and destined to turn it. This it does, slowly, by the endless screw _a_, as turned by proper straps on the fast and loose pullies _b c_, (figs. 3 and 4). _C_ shews a second wheel, concentric with that _B_, but running loose on it’s axis, which is a pin fitted into the end of the mandril. This wheel, when the threads of the screw _a_ are _fine_, requires a motion more rapid than the wheel _B_--to give which motion by means of the latter, we use a pair of multiplying wheels _d_, which geer, one in the larger bevil wheel cut near the edge of the wheel _B_; and the other in a smaller bevil wheel cut or fixed on the inner face of the wheel _C_--and whence this latter wheel receives a velocity of about ten times the speed of _B_. The use of this wheel _C_, is to carry, across the Machine, certain bars, of wood or metal, shewn in figs. 5 and 6, whose function is to carry short pins or studs 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. for the purpose of determining the places _where_ the punch is to act, and where it is not. To this end, _g h_ is a frame, which is raised by a _cam_ or tappet _i_, fixed in the endless screw _a_, once every turn; and _that_ through the medium of the little tumbler _i e f_, by which is finally determined whether the stroke shall take place or not--for _m_ being a section of the stud bar of figs. 5 and 6, it’s pins, _when they occur_, raise the end _f_ of the bent lever _f e i_; and when there is no pin or stud in _m_, this lever is not raised, and the point _i_, does _not_ come near enough to the cam to be laid hold of, in which case no stroke is given. This then, is so whenever the studs fail in the bar _m_; and these fail whenever the _pattern-reader_ has said to the stud-setter, _miss_: and they occur whenever he has said _take_--both which cases happen more or less often according to the state of the squares in the pattern.

To be a little more particular: in fig. 5 we see a part of the wheel _C_ of fig. 3, and also a part of the stud bars _m m_, which _geer_ in the wheel _C_, and which being conducted by the guides _n_, follow the motion of that wheel, presenting at _f_, (fig. 3) a stud to raise the lever _f e_, whenever the pattern requires it. It may be mentioned, that these studs act _obliquely_ on the wing _f_ of this lever, and thus _raise_ it as they pass under it. And further, these stud bars are made and fitted to each other in the manner shewn at fig. 6. There is a geering tooth under every stud hole, and the last stud hole of a given bar has, fixed in it, a thin tube _a_, into which the stud enters the same way as in any other place: but this tube whether studded or not serves to lay hold of the succeeding bar _b_, by it’s first hole--so, in fine, as to make the bars endless; the attendant having nothing else to do than to hook them to each other as the wheel _C_ draws them in.

Thus then, are the strokes of the _hammer frame_, _g h_, conformed to the pattern: for these bars have been studded before hand by one or more readers and setters; and it is a merely mechanical process to put them in while the Machine moves: from which, by the bye, they _fall out_ after the passage into a proper box, and the studs out of them, to be _composed_ again from the succeeding figures of the pattern. A dozen or two of these bars might be prepared at _any_ time and place, and to _any_ pattern, which they will thus transfer to a cylinder at _any_ desired moment, without the further preparation of dies, punches, mills, &c.--as used in other Machines. N. B. The strength of the blows thus given by the hammer frame _g h_, is lessened or augmented by the position of the point _i_ fixed to the bent lever _i e f_, and which makes that lift higher or lower as required--which is a mean of _shading_ offered by this Machine. But to mention it’s other properties, the endless screw _a_, (figs. 3 and 4) carries another endless screw _o_, _more or less fine_, which turns at the same time the wheel _p_, and, by that, the long screw _s s_, whose office it is to shift, slowly, the punch carriers _k l_, along the Machine, from _k_ by _l_, towards _s_. And here an observation occurs: this can only be so, when the pattern permits the action of the punches _k_ or _l_, to take place _spirally_ on the cylinder; that is, when the _sketches_ are distinct enough _not_ to shew the anomaly that would occur were a _straight_ pattern thus transferred to a set of spiral lines. But should it be desirable to engrave patterns so correct as to require an exact parallel motion round the cylinder, _then_ the motion of this screw must _not_ be continual--but must intermit and be resumed, at every beginning of a new line round the cylinder. I hope, I make myself understood: a pattern drawn on _squares_, produces lines all parallel to the first; while the spiral motion of the punch causes a slight deviation--which, in a word, can either be suffered or avoided. At all events, this deviation is so much the smaller as the punch motion is slower in both directions; and, in _fine_ patterns, must be _very small_. One remark will close this part of the subject: although a fine pattern, requires a great number of blows, and thus a certain expence of time, each blow can be so much the lighter and more frequent; so as to compensate, in some degree, for this cause of delay. I add, that the levers shewn above and around fig. 6, are intended to lift the hammer frame _g h_, equally at both ends: while the screw _Z_ regulates the _depth_ to which it is permitted to fall.

I observe, finally, that, according to the size of the intended pattern, there are more or fewer of the punch bearers _k l_, connected, by their nuts, with the screw _s s_; each of which thus engraves it’s sketch, similar to the collateral ones; and that were it wished to make _one_ pattern of the whole length and circumference of the cylinder, a single punch bearer would be required--since nothing else limits the extent of a pattern engraved by this Machine.

* * * * *

Thus have I gone through my proposed “Century of Inventions,” for every imperfection in which I beg the indulgence of my numerous readers. And here I can truly say I have _neglected_ nothing--although the precarious state of my health may have sometimes veiled the evidence of my descriptions. On the other hand, I did not even attempt many of the lesser details of execution; as I wrote for those to whom they would have been superfluous: but as to the objects themselves, I believe there is not one that is without the pale of practical utility. In a word, many of the subjects have been frequently executed, and _are in daily use_: and as to those which remain to be tried, I engage, if called on, to give them useful existence. And the better to convince candid minds of the serious attention I have paid to these subjects, I shall add _the scales_ on which they have been executed, or to which they are drawn--those scales expressed by a fraction, shewing what proportion the figures bear to the reality. Thus the scale of one inch to a foot will be expressed by the fraction 1/12; that of two inches to a foot, by 1/6, &c. that is, the figures, in these cases, will be (nearly) 1/12 or 1/6 of the size of the Machines. This premised--and also that we shall observe the alphabetical order, the following is the

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

No. Scale Page.

1 ADDING MACHINE; or Machine to cast up large || |
Sums || 1/2 and 1 | 343
2 Air Pump: Essay to complete the Vacuum || 1/10 | 374
3 Barrel Spring, to lengthen the going of || |
Clocks, &c. || 1 | 26
4 Boats (serpentine) for lessening the expence of|| |
traction, &c. || 1/75 | 137
5 Bobbin or Laces, (Machine for making) covering || |
Whips, &c. || circa. 1/5| 284
6 Bowking Machine, for Bleachers || 1/24 | 299
7 Bucket or Persian Wheels, (a combination of) || |
to raise Water || 1/24 | 172
8 Canals (open) as hydraulic Machines || circa. | 307
|| 1/200 |
9 Canter, or inclined plane for Draymen || 1/24 | 72
10 Chain to act equably on my Wheels || circa. 1 | 135
11 Chocolate Mill (rotatory) || 1/12 | 368
12 Cocks (equilibrium) to avoid leakage, &c. || ad. lib. | 153
13 Colour Mill, for Calico Printers || 1/12 | 175
14 Compasses (bisecting) || 1/2 | 353
15 Cotton-Machine for batting or _bowing_ || circa. | 290
|| 1/12 |
16 Crane (rewarded by the Society of Arts) || 1/60 | 57
17 Crank, epicycloidal; or parallel motion || |
(rewarded by Bonaparte) || 1/8 1/12 | 30
18 Dash, or Wash Wheel, acting with greater || |
rapidity than usual || 1/24 | 271
19 Differential Wheels, for gaining great power || 1/4 | 54
20 Doffing Machine, to take cylinders from their || |
mandrels || 1/9 | 243
21 Draw Bench, for my twisted Pinions || 1/2 1/6 | 133
22 Dynamometer, for measuring power _in motion_ || 1/4 | 15
23 ------------ a second kind for do. || 1/3 | 177
24 Engine, for cutting my Patent Wheels || V. text |{121
|| |{183
25 Engine, for cutting large bevil Wheels and || |
Models || 1/12 | 263
26 Engraving Machine, being an important || 1/12 and | 317
application of my Cog or Toothed Wheels || 1/14 |
27 Engraving Machine, of a new kind, for large || |
patterns || 1/14 | 389
28 Essay to derive _power_ from expanding solids || 1/20 | 280
29 Evaporation (Machine to promote) || ad. lib. | 78
30 Eyes (Machine for making rapidly) || 1/2 | 166
31 Fire-Escape, on a retarding principle || 1/2 | 364
32 ------------ by breaking the fall || ad. lib. | 366
33 Fires (portable Engine to extinguish) || 1/24 | 311
34 ----- (watch Engine always ready for) || 1/6 | 315
35 Flax (Machine for breaking rapidly) || 1/24 | 296
36 Forging bar iron and steel (Machine for) || ad. lib. | 215
37 Friction (Machine to prevent) || ad. lib. | 144
38 ----------------- of another kind || ad. lib. | 150
39 Grating or cutting Green Roots, &c. (Machine || |
for) || circa. 1/6| 79
40 Helico-centrifugal Machine, for raising water || ad. lib. | 212
41 Horse Wheel, (inclined) to save room and gain || |
speed || 1/60 | 53
42 ------------ (reciprocating) for Mangles, &c. || 1/30 | 217
43 Hot Air as _power_, while heating rooms, &c. || ad. lib. | 203
44 Lamp (hydraulic) for the table || 1/6 | 277
45 Lithographic, or Copper-plate Press, with || |
curious and useful properties || 1/12 | 230
46 Machine to communicate and suspend Motion || ad. lib. | 155
47 ------- to set-on and suspend rapid Motions || 1/2 | 158
48 ------- for clearing turbid Liquors || ad. lib. | 305
49 ------- for driving Boats, without disturbing || |
the Water || ad. lib. | 251
50 ------- to assist in taking Medicine || 1/3 | 377
51 Mangle, perpetual or rotatory || 1/16 | 370
52 Marine Level (essay on a) || circa. | 357
|| 1/18 |
53 ------------ (other essay on a) || ad. lib. | 362
54 Micrometer, to measure minute spaces || 1 | 83
55 Mirror, (centrifugal) to collect the Solar rays|| ad. lib. | 384
56 -----------------------------------------------|| |
of a different kind || ad. lib. | 386
57 Mover, by dropping weights || ad. lib. | 76
58 Nails (Machine for moulding) || 1/12 | 200
59 ----- (Machine for forging) || 1/10 | 226
60 Parallel Motion (double) for heavy Steam || |
Engines || ad. lib. | 338
61 Pencyclograph; or instrument for drawing || |
portions of large circles, and finding their || |
centres by inspection || ad. lib. | 51
62 Peristaltic Machine, for raising water || | 69
63 Pitch Fork for Musicians, with variable tones || circa. 1 | 355
64 Power Wheel, by heated Air, &c. || ad. lib. | 43
65 Press, direct and differential (power as 52000 || |
to 1) || ad. lib. | 66
66 Press (excentric bar)--power indefinite || ad. lib. | 174
67 Printing Machine (two coloured) || 1/12 | 301
68 Protracting Motion (Machine for) || 1/4 | 49
69 Pullies (my Patent) much improved || 1/6 1/12 | 33
70 Pump (equable) proposed 1794, for the Machine || |
of Marly || 1/24 | 45
71 ---- portable, worked by the hands and feet || 1/24 | 351
72 Punch Machine, for Engravers || 1/4 | 193
73 ----- Machine (differential) for ditto || circa. 1/7| 196
74 ------------- rotatory, for my Engraving || |
Machine || 1/6 | 349
75 Reciprocating or long Parallel Motion || ad. lib. | 237
76 Reflector, for Light Houses, &c. || ad. lib. | 234
77 Regulator (not centrifugal) for Wind and Water || |
Mills, Steam Engines, &c. || 1/4 | 223
78 Retrographic Machine, for Engravers || ad. lib. | 164
79 Rotato-gyratory Churn || 1/10 | 210
80 Screw, with greatly diminished friction || ad. lib. | 81
81 Screws (Machine for forging) || 1/3 | 160
82 Spinning Machines (my Patent) || circa. | 329
|| 1/17 |
83 ----------------- adapted chiefly to Wool || 1/12 | 334
84 Spring, to keep a door closed yet open easily || ad. lib. | 131
85 Steelyard (differential) of great power || 1/8 | 162
86 Syphon (mechanical) to expel part of the Water || |
at the highest point || ad. lib. | 240
87 Tallow (Machine for cutting and _trying_) || 1/80 | 245
88 Tea Table (mechanical assistant for) || 1/8 | 228
89 Valves (slide) Machine for working || ad. lib. | 255
90 Ventilator, rotatory, yet by pressure || 1/12 | 170
91 Vessel (expanding) for Pumps, Steam Engines, || |
&c. || ad. lib. | 219
92 Washing Apparatus, for Hospitals, &c. || ad. lib. | 247
93 Water Wheel (horizontal) probably the best of || |
the impulsive kind || 1/52 | 326
94 The same, for high falls || ib. | 326
95 Water Wheel (inclined) using the weight of the || |
water || ad. lib. | 376
96 Water (aero-hydraulic Machine for raising) || 1/200 or | 292
|| 1/300 |
97 Weaving by Power (manner of driving the || |
shuttle, executed A. D. 1780) || 1/12 | 372
98 Wedge Machine (perpetual) || 1/12 | 74
99 WHEELS (my System of Cog or Toothed) || all | 90
|| dimensions|
100 Windmill of _double power_ || 1/220 | 313

ERRATA.

Page.
1, line 27, after System, read of.
4, „ 27, for them, read it.
10, „ 16, for vestuble, read vestibule.
15, „ 10, for parralel, read parallel.
15, „ 13, after centre, read of.
42, „ 7, after was, _dele_ on.
43, „ 1, for Plate 2, read Plate 8.
49, „ 1, after _A_, read Fig. 4.
70, „ 7, for ionical, read conical.
100, „ 2, after _A C_ for :, read ∷.
102, „ 16, for _z_/_a_, read _z_²/_a_.
126, „ 4, for on it’s surface, read on it’s pitch line.
126, „ 17, for it’s height _f g_, read the length required.
129, „ 16, for 2 inches, read 4 inches.
164, „ 10, for other two cases in _C_ & _E_, read in other two
cases _C_ & _E_.
188, „ 17, after _b C_ twice, for :, read ∷.
196, „ 20, for fig. 2, read Fig. 4.
200, „ 8, for Plate 25, read Plate 24.
203, „ 11, after heat, read for.
208, „ 6, for is, read are.
209, „ 8, for arrangements, read arrangement.
246, „ 19, after which, read last.
272, „ 23, for wheel, read bevil wheel.
273, „ 21, for axis, read axes.
287, „ 19, for _z´_, read _z_.
289, „ 1, after down, read twisted.
294, „ 7, for two, read too.
311, „ 8, for carried, read used.
335, „ 10, for bobbin, read bobbins.
340, „ 8, for edged formed, read wedge formed.
350, „ 8, for Fig. 3, read Fig. 6.
357, „ 18, for light, read double.
374, „ 12, after 1/27 read, 1/81, 1/243, 1/729, &c.
375, „ 20, for 1/14641 read 1/1331.
387, „ 9, for makes, read make.

⁂ If, in the following List of Names, it has been thought just to
mark those of the _first_ promoters of this Work, it has not been to
lessen the Author’s obligations to the rest--who, almost uniformly,
have given him their Names with the same spontaneous kindness, and
thus ensured his lasting gratitude.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Abel, S. _Bury_
Addison, G. W. _Huddersfield_
Adshead, James, _Stayley Bridge_
Agnew, Robert M. D. _Manchester_
Ainger, A. _London._
Ainsworth, G. Stayley Bridge
Ainsworth. Richard _Bolton_
Akroyd, James _Halifax_
Akroyd, Jonathan _Do._
Allen, T. & Sons, _Huddersfield_
Andrew, James _Manchester_
Andrew, Thomas _Do._
Antrobus, P. & Nephew, _Bollington_
Appleton, Ogden & Co. _Manchester_
Appleton, Plant & Co. _Do._
Armistead, J. & J. _Leeds_
Armitage, Cyrus _Ashton_
Ashton, Benjamin _Hyde_
Ashton, George _Manchester_
Ashton, James _Hyde._
Ashton, John Junr. _Do._
Ashton, Joseph _Do._
Ashton, Robert _Do._
Ashton, Samuel Jun. _Do._
Ashwell, James _Nottingham_
Aston, William _Birmingham_
Atkinson, George _Burnley_
Atkinson, Joseph _Manchester_
Atkinson, Thomas _Do._
Axon, Charles _Stockport_
Aydon, Isaac _Wakefield_

Babbage, ---- F. R. S. _London._
Bailey, ---- _Halifax_
Bailey, William _Holborn, London._
Baird, J. & R. _Glasgow._
Baldwin, J. & J. _Halifax._
Barclay, John & Co. _Paisley._
Barge, John & Co. _Manchester._
Barker, ---- _Do._
Barnes, John _London._
Bartholomew, J. & Co. _Glasgow._
Barton, H. _Manchester_
Bassett, Thomas _Bury_
Bates, John _Bradford_
Bayley, Abel Stayley _Bridge_
Beaumont, Thomas _Huddersfield_
Beckton, Joseph _Manchester_
Beecroft, Heath & Co. _Kirkstall_
Beeston, Thomas _Leeds_
Beilby & Knotts, _Birmingham_, 3 Copies
Bellhouse, David _Manchester_
Bennet, ---- H. M. Dock Yard, _Chatham_
Bentley, Richard _Bolton_
Berthonneau, ---- _Paris_
Bevan, R. _Wigan_
Bewley, ---- _Manchester_
Binns, A. _Stockport_
Binyon, A. _Manchester_
Birley, Captain H. H. _Do._
Birley, Richard _Do._
Birtles, ---- _Do._
Blackie and Pollock, _Glasgow_
Bonsall, Thomas _London_
Booth and Co. _Park Iron Works, Sheffield_
Booth, John _Manchester_
Booth, George _Stockport_
Bowes and Kilham, _Leeds_
Bowler, James _Manchester_
Bowman, James _Do._
Bradbury, J. L. _Do._
Bradley, J. _Warwick_
Branthwaite, F. and J. _London_
Bramah, Francis _Do._
Bramley, R. _Leeds_
Bransome, ---- _Manchester_
Branthwaite, James _Do._
Brearley, James _Bolton_
Briarley, Benj. _Blackburn_
Briden, John _Birmingham_
Bridson, Ridgway _Bolton_
Brindley, ---- _Rochester_
Brook, Jonas and Brothers _Meltham_
Brooke, John _Shepley Hall_
Brooke, John and Sons _Huddersfield_
Brooke, ---- _Dewsbury_
Brooks, S. R. _American Consul, Manchester_
Broom, Sons and Home, _Kidderminster_
Brotherton, J. _Salford_
Brown, Baldwin L.L.D. _London_
Brown, S. H. Halifax
Brown, Thomas _Barnsley_
Brown, Thomas _Manchester_
Buchan, Laurence _Do._
Buchanan, A. _Glasgow_
Buckley, John _Todmorden_
Burford, D. and Co. _London_
Burn, John _Manchester_
Burton, George _Middleton_
Burton, John _Warwick_
Bury, James _Manchester_
Bury, John _Pendle-hill_
Bury, Thomas _London_
Bury, Thomas _Salford_
Busk, R. _Leeds_
Butterworth, Thomas _Oldham_

Carruthers, John _Manchester_
Carter, Benjamin _Huddersfield_
Carter, John _Elland_
Cartledge, Joseph and Sons _Halifax_
Casey, Thomas _London_
Cawood, John _Leeds_
Chadwick, William _Oldham_
Challinor, Thomas _Manchester_
Chapman, Samuel _Ashton_
Chappé, Paul _Manchester_
Cheetham, Daniel _Stockport_
Cheetham, John _Ditto_
Cheetham, Joseph _Ditto_
Cheetham, Josiah _Ditto_
Church, William L. L. D. _London_
Clare, Peter _Manchester_
Clark, John Jun. and Co. _Glasgow_
Clark, Richard Shalford, _Surrey_
Clayton, D. _Poynton_
Clement, ---- _Paris_
Clogg, R. _Manchester_
Clunie, John L. L. D. _Pendleton_
Clymer, George _London_
Cocker, Jonathan _Salford_
Cogger, Thomas _London_
Colden, D. C. _New York_
Collinge, Charles _London_
Colman, J. M. _Norwich_
Colquhoun, James _Sheffield_
Compton, Joseph _Manchester_
Cook, James _Glasgow_
Cooke, Thomas _Dewsbury_
Cooper, Thomas Willis _London_
Copley, Barrow & Co. _Manchester_
Cort, & Co. _Leicester_
Cottam, George _London_
Coupland, R. & F. _Leeds_
Cousen, James & Sons _Bradford_
Cowan, John _Bolton_
Cox, James _Manchester_
Cox, Robert _Do._
Craig, William _Do._
Crawshaw, Jonathan _Wakefield_
Crighton, J. & T. _Manchester_
Crossley, John & Sons, _Do._
Cryer, Jonathan _Bolton_
Cussons, Thomas _Oldham_
Cutfield, ---- H. M. Dock Yard, _Chatham_

Dacca Twist Company, _Manchester_
Daglish, John Orrell, _near Wigan_
Daglish, Robert _Do._
Dalton, John F. R. S. _President of the Manchester Philosophical
Society._
Darwell, ---- _Wigan_
Darwin, ---- _Soho Rolling Mills, Sheffield_
Day, George _Wandsworth_
Dean, John _Bolton_
Denison, Samuel _Leeds_
De Volvic Comte Chabrol, _Paris_
Dewer, Robert _London_
Dewhirst, William _Halifax_
Dickinson, ---- _New York_, 3 Copies
Dickson, Jonathan _London_
Dimbleby, William _Liverpool_
Dobson, J. & B. _Bolton_
Dockray, David _Manchester_
Dollond, G. _London_
Donkin, Bryan _London_
Douglas, John _Manchester_
Drew, James _Do._
Dugdale, A. _Do._
Dunlop, James & Sons, _Glasgow_
Dunn, William _Do._
Dutfoy, ---- _Paris_
*Dyer, I. C. _Manchester_, 2 Copies
Dyson, Joseph _Halifax_
Dyson, William _Leeds_

Eccles, Bannister & Co. _Blackburn_
Eckersley, J. & W. _Wigan_
Edge, Thomas _London_
Edington, James _Glasgow_
Edwards, John _Manchester_
Elliot, Thomas _Do._
Elsworth, William _Preston_
Embden, S. _London_
Escher, ---- _Switzerland_
Evans, John _London_
*Ewart, Peter _Manchester_
Ewing, John _Glasgow_

Fairbairn, ---- _Manchester._
Fairweather, John _Do._
Farey, Joseph, jun. _London._
Farrer, John _Halifax_
Fauld & Woodiwiss, _Barnsley_
Faulkner, John _Manchester_
Fawcett, Richard _Bradford_
Fawcett, William _Liverpool_
Fenton & Murray, _Leeds._
Fielden, Brothers, _Todmorden_
Fielding, H. & Brothers, _Manchester_
Fishwick and Sons _Burnley_
Flackton, Joseph _Do._
Fletcher, Benjamin _Wigan._
Fort, Richard _London._
Fowden, William _Manchester._
Fraser, James _London._
Frost, John _Manchester._
Furniss, P. _Halifax._

Gallemore, Jesse _Manchester._
Gallemore, William _Sheffield_
Galloway, A. _London_
Galloway, William _Manchester_
Garnett, John _Liverpool_
Garnett, John _Oldham_
Garnett, W. & S. _Bradford_
Garside, John _Stockport_
German, William _Wigan_
Gill, ---- _London_
Gillett, John _Pendleton_
Girdwood. C. & Co. _Glasgow_
Goldie, James _London_
Goodier, John _Manchester_
Gore, Henry _Do._
Gott, B. _Leeds_
Gough, N. _Manchester_
Goulding, & Son _London_
*Grant, William _Manchester_
*Grant, John _Do._
*Grant, Daniel _Do._
*Grant, Charles _Do._
Gray, Benjamin _Do._
Green, John _Do._
Greenway, Charles _Do._
Greenup, W & G _Halifax_
Greenwood, Luke _Huddersfield_
Greg, John _Manchester_
Grimshaw, John Jun. _Belfast_
Grimshaw, Brothers _Belfast_

Hadwen, John & Co. _Halifax_
Hall, John _Dartford_
Hancorne, Edward _London_
Handiside, N. _Glasgow_
Hansard, T C _London_
Hardie, D _Liverpool_
Hardy & Andrew _Stockport_
Harding, Maver and Leopard, _London_
Harrison, Abel Stayley Bridge
Harrison, John _Manchester_
Harrison, John and Co. _Chorley_
Haslam, S. H. _Manchester_
Heath, George, _London_
Heath, Robert _Manchester_
Henwood, W. _H.M. Dock Yard, Portsmouth_
Heron, I. H. _Manchester_, 2 Copies
*Hewes, Thomas _Do._
Heywood, John _Stockport_
Hibbert, J. _Godley_
Hick, Benjamin _Bolton_
Hickling, Thomas _Birmingham_
Higgins, Wm. _Salford_
Hill, Edwin _Birmingham_
Hilton, Samuel and Co. _Chorley_
Hind, Roger _Preston_
Hindley, Charles _Dukenfield_
Hirst, John jun. _Halifax_
Hirst, ---- _Marsden_
Hodgson, Henry _Burnley_
Hodgson, William _Birmingham_
Holdbrook, B. _Warwick_
Holgate, Massey and Co. _Burnley_
Holmes, James _Kidderminster_
Holmes, John _Paisley_
Holt, Birch and Co. _Manchester_
Holt, David _Manchester_
Holt, Luke _Halifax_
Holtzapffell, Deyerlein and Co. _London_
Hoomans, Pardoe and Co. _Kidderminster_
Hope, William _Liverpool_
Hopwood and Pollard, _Burnley_
Hopwood, William _Stockport_
Hordern, Rev. P. M. A. _Cheetham Library_
Horton, Thomas _Tipton_
Horrocks, G. _Manchester_
Horrocks, Miller and Co. _Preston_
Horrox and Son, _Manchester_
Horsfield, Thomas _Hyde_
Hough, William _Manchester_
Houlden, John _Leicester_
Houldsworth, Henry _Glasgow_
Houldsworth, Thos. Esq. M. P. _Manchester_
Houtson, James _Do._
Howard, Apelles _Stockport_
Howard, Daniel _Stayley Bridge_
Howard, John _Leeds_
Howard, John _Stockport_
Howard, John _Warrington_
Howard, J. and N. _Ashton_
Howard, Thomas _Hyde_
Howard, William _London_
*Hoyle, Thomas _Manchester_
Hughes, William _Salford_
Hull, John _Manchester_
Hulse, Joseph _Alfreton_
Humphries, Robert _Glasgow_
Hutchinson, John _Manchester_
Hutton, James _Leeds_
Huzzie, William _Glasgow_
Hyde, John _Manchester_

Jackson, M. _London_
Jackson, William _Oldham_
James, James _Birmingham_
Jenkinson and Bow, _Salford_
Jones, George _Birmingham_
Jones, James _Do._
Jones, John _Bolton_
Jones, Joseph, jun. _Oldham_
Jones, William _Manchester_
Johnson, G. _London_
Johnson, Owen _Birmingham_
Jordon, Francis _Liverpool_
Joule, Benjamin _Salford_

Kay, Alexander _Manchester_
Kelly, W. and S. _Leicester_
Kennedy, James _Manchester_
*Kennedy, John _Do._
Kenworthy, John _Ashton_
Kilburn, James _Leeds_
King, ---- _Manchester_
Kirk, Benjamin _Do._
Kirkland, Thomas _Mansfield_
Knight, Samuel _Manchester_

Lane, ---- _Manchester_
Lane, Joseph _Stockport_
Lane, William and Sons _Manchester_
Landless, William _Burnley_
Latham, John _Manchester_
Lawson and Walker, _Leeds_
Lee, G. A. _Salford_
Lees, Henry _Ashton_
Lees, Jerry _Manchester_
Lees, Jonathan _Do._
Lees, Samuel _Oldham_
Leese, Joseph _Manchester_
Lewis, F. _Do._
Lightoller, T. _Charley_
Lillie, ---- _Manchester_
Lloyd, Lionel _Do._
Lobley, Matthew _Leeds_
Lockett, Garnett and Co. _Manchester_
Lockwood, Joseph _Huddersfield_
Lockwood, ---- _Leeds_
*Lomas, William Strangeways, 2 Copies
Lomas, George _Bolton_
Longman and Co. _London_
Longsden, P. and J. _Manchester_
Longworth, N. _Bolton_
Lonsdale, Daniel _Manchester_
Lowe, John _Shepley Hall_
Lowe, George _London_
Lucas, Jonathan _Charleston_
Lumb, Joseph _Leeds_
Lupton, Jonathan _Leeds_

M’Andrew, William _Glasgow_
M’Arthur, Duncan _Do._
M’Connell, James _Manchester_
Machan, Luke _Sheffield_
M’Murdo, G. Soho, _Manchester_
M’Naught, John _Glasgow_
M’Naught, Patrick _Do._
Macray, James _Manchester_
Malum, George _London_
Malam, J. _Do._
Manchester Exchange Library
---- New Library
Manwaring, George _London_
Marriott, Christopher _Manchester_
Marsden, William _Salford_
Marsland, Henry _Manchester_
Marsland, James _Burnley_
Marshall, James _Stockport_
Marshall, Isaac _Birmingham_
Marshall, W. and T. _Bradford_
Maskray, James _Manchester_
Mason, John _Bradford_
Mattinson, J. _Huddersfield_
Matterface, A. _London_
Maudsley, Henry _London_
Mawson and Bown, _Bradford_
Mayer, Joseph _Stockport_
Melling, John _Bolton_
Mellor, James _Manchester_
Mellor, Thomas _Ashton_
Middleton, John _London_
Miller, John _London_
Millington, John F. R. S. _Do._
Milne, William _Edinbro_
Milne, E. _Manchester_
Milne, W. _Do._
Milne and Turner, _Halifax_
Monks, Samuel _Bolton_
Monteith, H. and Co. _Glasgow_
Montgomery, Robert _Johnston_
Moore, Daniel _Birmingham_
Moore, Joseph _Leeds_
Moore, S. M. _Manchester_
Mosedale, William _Do._
Moss, Thomas _Wigan_
Mottershead, Samuel _Manchester_
Munday, Thomas _Preston_
Muntz, G. F. _Birmingham_
Murdock, Wm. Soho, _Do._
Murdock, William _Manchester_
Murgatroyd, John _Halifax_
Murray, George _Manchester_
Napier, David _Glasgow_
Naylor, Benjamin _Manchester_
Neild, William _Do._
Neilson, John _Glasgow_
Nelson, William _Manchester_
Newton, Samuel _London_
Newton, Scott, Chambers and Co. _Thorncliffe Iron Works_
Nichols, Benjamin _Manchester_
Norris, H. _Bolton_

Occleshaw, William _Manchester_
Ogden, John _Do._
Olliver, G. _Do._
Ormrod, Richard _Do._
Orrell, John _Stayley Bridge_
Oswald, James and Co. _Glasgow_
Ousey, Judson _Stayley Bridge_
Outram, G. for _Glasgow Foundry Co._

Paget, J. and W. _Loughborough_
Paley, John _Preston_
Palmer, R. _London_
Park and Sons, _Wigan_
Parker, F. _Sheffield_
Parker, Samuel _London_
Parkes, Josiah _Manchester_
Parkin, Jonathan _Leeds_
Parkinson, Adam _Manchester_
Park Mills Co. _Stockport_
Parry, Thomas _Manchester_
Patten, Thomas and Co. _Cheadle_
Pearson, Barwise _Chester_
Peel and Co. _Manchester_
Peel, G. Soho, _Do._
Penn, John _Deptford_
Pennington, Richard _Manchester_
Percival, William _Stockport_
Perkins, Jacob _London_
Perrier, George _Do._
Petrie, A. and Co. _Rochdale_
Phillips, Nathaniel _Manchester_
Phipson, J. W. _Birmingham_
Pollard, Jonathan _Manchester_
Poole, M. _London_
Pooley, John _Manchester_
Pope, Henry _Do._
Pope, Henry, jun. _Do._
Potter, John _Do._
Powell, John _Do._
Proctor, James and Sons _Leeds_
Proctor, John _Do._
Pullan and Sons _Do._

Raby, Richard _Leicester._
Radcliffe, James _Stockport._
Radford, Joseph _Manchester._
Railton, Robert _Blackburn._
Ramsbotham, Henry _Todmorden._
Ramsden, John _Halifax._
Ransome, James _Manchester._
Rathbone, R. _Liverpool._
Rawson & Saltmarshes, _Halifax._
Ready, Thomas _Peckham Academy._
Reid, John & Co. _Manchester._
Rennie, George _London_
Richardson, ---- _Wigan._
Rickards, Charles _Manchester._
Roberts, Brother & Co. _Burnley._
Roberts, Richard _Manchester._
Rose, John _Leeds._
Rothwell, P. jun. _Bolton._
Rothwell, Richard _Manchester._
Roughton and Woodhouse, _Coventry_
Rowlands, R. _Glasgow_
Royston, Charles _Halifax_
Rushforth, Joseph _Elland_
Rushton, J. _Liverpool_
Rushton, William jun. _Do._
Ruth ---- _Patricroft_

Sadler, James _Mansfield_
Samuels, John _Manchester_
Sandford, Benjamin _Do._
Sandford, William _Leeds_
Sandiford, James _Manchester_
Satterthwaite, E. _Belfast_
Sells, John _Manchester_
Sells, Henry _Do._
Schlumberger, Grosjean & Co. _Muhlhausen_
Schofield, Joseph _Manchester._
Scholes, Varley & Co. _Do._
Sharp, William _Salford._
Sharp, James _Paisley._
Shaw, Joseph _Sheffield._
Shaw, Joseph and Sons, _Leeds._
Sheffield Coal Co. _Park._
Sherbrook, T. _Leeds._
Sherratt, John _Salford._
Sherriff, ---- _London._
Shuttleworth, J. _Manchester_
Sidebotham, John _Hyde_
Sidebotham, Samuel _Stockport_
Simpson, Richard _Manchester_
Sinclair, John _Atherstone_
Sior, ---- _Somers Town_
Slater, Thomas _Salford_
Sleddon, Francis _Preston_
Smith, Alexander _Birmingham Gasworks_
Smith, Alexander _Manchester_
Smith, Benjamin _Do._
Smith, E. & C. _Chesterfield_
Smith, Henry _Birmingham_
Smith, Joseph _Manchester_
Smith, O. H. _Chelsea_
Smith, Thomas _Burnley_
Smith, Thomas _Leeds_
Snodgrass, Niel _Glasgow_
Solly, R. H. _London_
Spencer, John _Burnley_
Spooner, Ralph _Bolton_
Stables, W. W., and H. H. _Huddersfield_
Stamtin, H. _Carron Wharf London_
Stansfield, Briggs and Co. _Halifax_
Stansfield, John _Todmorden_
Starkey, Buckley and Co. _Huddersfield_
Steel, Thomas and Son, _Stockport_
Stirk and Horsfield _Leeds_
Stock, Aaron _Wigan_
Stocks, Benjamin _Manchester_
Stockton, Joseph _Do._
Stone, James _London_
Strutt, A. R. _Derby_
Strutt, William _Do._
Stuart, John _Manchester_
Sturges, John and Co. _Bowling Iron Works_
Sutcliffe, John and Nephews _Halifax_
Swindells, John _Manchester_
Swire, Samuel _Ashton_
Sykes, Richard _Edgely_

Tattersall and Crooke _Burnley_
Taylor, Josiah Holborn, _London_
Taylor, Benjamin _Glasgow_
Taylor, J. and J. _Manchester_
Taylor, Phillip _London_
Taylor and Shatwell _Manchester_
Taylor, William _Preston_
Taylor, W. G. _Bolton_
Taylor and Wordsworth _Leeds_
Taylor, Edward _Warwick_
Telford, Thomas F. R. S. _London_
Tennant, C. and Co. _Glasgow_
Thackray, Jonathan _Sheffield_
Thomson, R. jun. _Glasgow_
Thompson, M. _Bradford_
Thompson, Samuel _Bolton_
Thompson, Thomas _Do._
Thompson, Thomas _Newcastle_
Throp, William _Blackburn_
Tilley, J. _London_
Tipping, G. _Manchester_
Tomlinson and Co. _Oldham_
Tongue, William _Birmingham_
Townend, G. and W. _Manchester_
Townend, William _Do_
Travis, James _Halifax_
Turner, Thomas _Nottingham_
Twigg, Joseph jun. _Paisley_

Unwin, Samuel and Co. _Mansfield_

Vanhouse, James _Peckham_
Varley, John _Manchester_
Vaudrey, John _Stayley-bridge_
Vickers, William _Manchester_

Wade, Joseph _Bradford_
Waddington, David _Manchester_
Wainwright, Benjamin _Stayley-bridge_
Wakefield, John _Manchester_
Walker, Benjamin _Leeds_
Walker, Henry, _Salford_
Wareing, J. and W. _Stayleybridge_
Watson, Peter _Manchester_
Watson, William _Glasgow_
Weight, Joseph _Manchester_
Weight, Hezekiah _Do._
Weir, Edward _London_
Weir, Charles Alexander _Kent Water works_
Welch, Thomas _Manchester_
Wentworth, H. _Wandsworth_
Wentworth, James _Deptford_
Westley, W. K. _Leeds_
Wharton, Joseph _Manchester_
Wharton, William _Do._
Whitacre, John _Huddersfield_
White, John _Glasgow_
Whitehead, John _Halifax_
Whitfield, William _Birmingham_
Whyatt, George _Manchester_
Wigan, R. _Do._
Wilder, O. _London_
Willans, Thomas _Leeds_
Williams, John _London_
Willoughby, J. _Birmingham_
Wilkinson, James _Leeds_
Wilkinson, James _Stayleybridge_
Wilkinson, George _Middleton_
Wilson, George _London_
Wilson, William jun. _Nottingham_
Wilson and Co. _Leicester_
Wolfenden, Richard _Manchester_
Wolfenden, Stones and Kirkham _Manchester_
Wood, Alexander _Do._
Wood, John _Huddersfield_
Wood, John _Manchester_
Wood, John _Stockport_
Wood, George _Manchester_
Wood and Harrop _Ashton_
Wood, Robert _Leeds_
Woodcock and Harrison _Leeds_
Worswick, John _Manchester_
Wright, John _Oldham_
Wright, Joseph _Ashton_

Yates, Thomas _Manchester_
Young, Joseph _Do._
Young and Smith, _Sheffield_

_J. White inv. et del._

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