Chapter XVII: Appendix (3)

Weights.
Hydrogen 1
Azote 5±, or 10?
Carbone 5.4
Oxygen 7
Phosphorus 9
Sulphur 13, or 14
Calcium 17?
Sodium 21
Arsenic 21
Molybdenum 21, or 42?
Cerium 22?
Iron 25
Manganese 25
Nickel 26
Zinc 29
Tellurium 29, or 58?
Chromium 32
Potassium 35
Cobalt 37
Strontium 39
Antimony 40
Iridium 42
Palladium 50
Uranium 50, or 100?
Tin 52
Copper 56, or 28?
Rhodium 56
Titanium 59?
Gold 60±
Barium 61
Bismuth 62
Platina 73
Tungsten 84, or 42?
Silver 90
Lead 90
Columbium 107? 121?
Mercury 167, or 84?

SIMPLE OR COMPOUND?

Weights.
Fluoric Acid 10? 15?
Magnesia 17
Alumine 20
Glucine 23? 34?
Lime 24
Oxymuriatic Acid
(chlorine) 29, or 30
Muriatic Acid} 30, or 31
Gas}
Zircone 45
Silex 45?
Yttria 53? 36? 18?

COMPOUND ELEMENTS.

Weights.
Ammonia 6? 12? 13?
Olefiant Gas 6.4? 12.8?
Carburetted Hydrogen
or Pond Gas 7.4
Water 8
Phosphuretted Hydrogen 10
Nitrous Gas 12, or 24?
Carbonic Oxide 12.4
Sulphuretted Hydrogen 15
Deutoxide of Hydrogen 15
Nitrous Oxide 17
Nitrous Acid 19, or 38?
Carbonic Acid 19.4
Sulphurous Oxide 21
Phosphoric Acid 23
Sulphurous Acid 28
Protoxide of Arsenic 28
Soda 28
Hydrate of Lime 32
Protoxide of Iron 32
Protoxide of Manganese 32
Protoxide of Nickel 33
Sulphuric Acid 35
Sulphuret of Arsenic (native) 35
Hydrate of Soda 36
Oxide of Zinc 36
Carbonate of Magnesia 36.4
Protosulphuret of Iron 39
Deutoxide of Manganese 39
Oxide of Chromium 39
Muriate of Magnesia 39
Protosulphuret of Nickel 40
Protosulphuret of Lime 41
Carbonate of Lime 43.4
Protoxide of Cobalt 44
Strontites 46
Muriate of Lime 46
Chromic Acid 46
Protoxide of Antimony 47
Carbonate of Soda 47.4
Hydrate of Potash 50
Muriate of Soda 50
Sulphate of Magnesia 52
Sulphuret of Antimony 54
Sulphate of Alumine (simple) 55
Oxide of Palladium 57
Sulphate of Lime 59
Protoxide of Tin 59
Carbonate of Potash 61.4
Hydrosulphuret of Antimony 62
Nitrate of Magnesia 62
Sulphate of Soda 63
Protoxide of Copper 63
Muriate of Potash 64
Deutoxide of Tin 66
Protosulphuret of Tin 66
Oxide of Gold 67
Barytes 68
Muriate of Lime 69
Oxide of Bismuth 69
Deutoxide of Copper 70
Nitrate of Soda 73
Sulphuret of Gold 74
Protosulphuret of Bismuth 76
Sulphate of Potash 77
Oxide of Platina 80?
Nitrate of Potash 87
Carbonate of Barytes 87
Muriate of Barytes 90
Oxide of Silver 97
Protoxide of Lead 97
Minium 98
Sulphate of Barytes 103
Deutoxide of Lead 104
Protosulphurets of
Lead and Silver 104
Nitrate of Barytes 113
Protoxide of Mercury 174?
Deutoxide of Mercury 181?
Protosulphuret of Mercury 181
Alum 277

ADDENDA.

STEEL.--Since writing the article at page 214, I have had an opportunity of analysing the crystalline steel, formed by Mr. Macintosh’s process of cementation by means of coal gas. I dissolved 21 grains of this steel in sulphuric acid, with only a very slight excess of acid. The whole was dissolved except about ⅒ of a grain of silvery-like particles. The gas obtained amounted to 29.6 cubic inches. It yielded no trace of carbonic acid. When fired with oxygen it yielded 3 per cent. upon the volume of hydrogen of carbonic acid; and this arose, as I ascertained, from the hydrogen containing 3 per cent of carburetted hydrogen gas: it contained no carbonic oxide. Supposing the carbone to have been combined with the iron, it would amount only to about ⅝ of a grain, to 100 grains of iron. Whether such a quantity can be deemed an essential or an accidental ingredient of steel, may be a subject of consideration.

_By a mistake of the Printer, the following paragraphs were omitted after page 308._

EXAMPLE.

According to the following values of the different specific gravities, (of the accuracy of some of which there may be doubts) and referring to my essay on oil gas (Manchester Memoirs, Vol. 4, new series, page 79,) we may take the oil gas, which, when the incombustible portion was abstracted would be nearly .812 sp. gravity, and

100 pure gas give 152 carb. acid and take 248 oxygen;

Here _w_ = 100, _a_ = 152, _g_ = 248, _S_ = 1.458, ∫ = .555, _c_ = .972 _s_ = .0694 and _C_ = .812. The value of _u_ reduces to the following form;

_u_ = 4.7916_a_ - 1⅔_g_ + 1.875_w_ - 6_C__w_
-------------------------------------------- = 24.5
.625

hydrogen per cent. of pure combustible gas.

Hence we have 75.5 volumes left for the 3 other ingredients = _w_ of the formula; and abstracting 12 + from the oxygen on account of the hydrogen, _g_ = 236, and _a_ = 152 as above.

Whence _x_ = Superolefiant = 38¼
_y_ = Carb. hydrg. = 30.2
and _z_ = Carb. oxide = 7+
-----
75.5

These results differ considerably from those deduced in the above essay; probably in part from errors in the above estimates of the specific gravities of one or more of the gases.

EXPANSION OF LIQUIDS BY HEAT.

I am not aware of any particular labour that has recently been given to the enquiry how far pure liquids accord with each other in the law which I announced as derived from the experiments on water and mercury, and corroborated by those upon several other liquids. See Vol. 1, Table of temperature, page 14; also page 36, and following.

Perhaps all liquids should be considered as _pure_ that are subject to uniform congelation at certain temperatures on the one hand, and on the other are capable of being distilled by heat without any alteration in their constitution. Water and mercury will rank in the first place; alcohol of .82 specific gravity and ether of .72; concentrated sulphuric acid; nitric acid of 1.42 specific gravity: naphtha and oil of turpentine, &c. will probably be thought to claim the next place. It is desirable that the temperatures at which these liquids congeal should be ascertained; also whether any decomposition is effected by the operation. If these expand proportionally to a scale of square numbers for certain given equal or unequal intervals of temperature, it may point out something relative to the collocation of the ultimate particles in liquids. The apparent coincidence of this rate of expansion in liquids, with the geometrical progressive force of steams or vapours creates an additional interest. It may be that most or all of these supposed relations are accidental, and only approximative like that of the rate of expansion of air and mercury, between the temperatures of -40° and 212°; but I cannot think this probable. Even should they be only approximations, they are of sufficient utility to be kept in view.

_FINIS._

_Printed by the Executors of S. Russell_

BOOKS, ESSAYS, &c.,

_PUBLISHED BY THE SAME AUTHOR._

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND ESSAYS. 4_s._ 8vo. 1793.

ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR: or, a new System of Grammatical
Instruction, for the use of Schools and Academies.
2_s._ 6_d._ 12mo. 1801.

☞_A few Copies of these Works may still be had of the
London Booksellers._

A NEW SYSTEM OF CHEMICAL PHILOSOPHY.