Chapter X: Cryptogams

I. THEIR PLACE IN NATURE 296

II. ALGÆ 299

III. FUNGI 303

A. BACTERIA 306

B. YEASTS 314

C. RUSTS 317

D. MUSHROOMS 323

IV. LICHENS 329

V. LIVERWORTS 334

VI. MOSSES 341

VII. FERN PLANTS 344

VIII. THE RELATION BETWEEN CRYPTOGAMS AND SEED PLANTS 354

IX. THE COURSE OF PLANT EVOLUTION 359

FIELD WORK 362

APPENDIX

1. SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 364

2. WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND TEMPERATURES 367