Chapter XXI: Appendix: p331

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

At the suggestion of the publishers, the references which follow have been segregated in an appendix instead of being scattered as footnotes through the text. They felt, rightly enough, I think, that in a book of this character the purpose of the notes was to acknowledge indebtedness for the material cited rather than to support the argument, and that the reader would prefer not to have the text encumbered by the apparatus of a kind of scholarship to which the author makes no pretensions.

While these notes, except in a few instances, refer only to matter actually used in the text, they are also an approximate bibliography of the works which I have consulted. I wish I could adequately acknowledge the obligation I owe to my teachers, William James, George Santayana, and Graham Wallas, though that perhaps is self-evident. I should like to thank Miss Jane Mather and Miss Orrie Lashin for help in the preparation of the manuscript. I am under special obligation to my wife, Faye Lippmann, without whose assistance I could not have completed the book.

W. L.

New York City, January, 1929.

NOTES [p332]

[Transcriber’s note: a standard page of this book had 31 or 32 lines.]

PAGE LINE

4 32 Quoted in Irving Babbitt, _Rousseau and Romanticism_, p. 181.

5 4 John Herman Randall Jr., _The Making of the Modern Mind_,
p. 118.

5 21 From _The City of Dreadful Night_, cited, Babbitt, op.
cit., p. 332.

5 24 For discussion of this theme, cf. Babbitt, op. cit.
passim.

5 29 Shelley, _Prometheus Unbound_, Act III, Scene IV.

6 12 From Byron, _The Island_, cited, Babbitt, op. cit., p. 186.

6 16 From T. H. Huxley, _Address on University Education_,
delivered, 1876, at the formal opening of Johns Hopkins
University. I am indebted to Mr. Henry Hazlitt for the
quotation.

7 11 Cited, Babbitt, op. cit., p. 341.

7 20 Nietzsche, _Thus Spake Zarathustra_, LXIX, cited,
Babbitt, op. cit., p. 261.

11 12 Cf. W. R. Inge, _The Platonic Tradition in English
Religious Thought_.

11 19 W. C. Greene, Introduction to Selection from the
_Dialogues of Plato_, p. xxiv.

13 27 Calvin, _Institutes_, Book IV, Chapter X, Paragraph 7,
cited A. C. M’Giffert, _Protestant Thought Before Kant_, p.
90.

21 32 Harry Emerson Fosdick, _Adventurous Religion_, p. 59.

24 8 W. C. Brownell, Scribner’s Magazine, Vol. XXX, p. 112,
cited in footnote, William James, _The Varieties of
Religious Experience_, p. 115.

24 25 William James, _The Varieties of Religious Experience_,
p. 518.

25 12 James, op. cit., p. 519.

26 7 Alfred North Whitehead, _Science and the Modern World_,
pp. 249–250.

27 12 Bertrand Russell, _A Free Man’s Worship_, in _Mysticism
and Logic_, p. 54.

27 27 Kirsopp Lake, _The Religion of Yesterday and Tomorrow_.

30 2 W. R. Inge, _Science, Religion and Reality_, p. 388. [p333]

31 3 Cf. W. B. Riley, _The Faith of the Fundamentalists_,
Times Current History, June, 1927.

34 18 _Fundamentalism and the Faith_, Commonweal, Aug. 19,
1925.

35 25 George Santayana, _Reason in Religion_, p. 97.

37 22 The material in this section is taken from Harry Emerson
Fosdick, _The Modern Use of the Bible_.

40 2 Fosdick, op. cit., p. 83.

42 5 Fosdick, _The Desire for Immortality_, in _Adventurous
Religion_.

44 10 W. R. Inge, _The Philosophy of Plotinus_, Vol. II, p. 166.

44 23 W. R. Inge, _The Platonic Tradition in English Religious
Thought_.

47 30 Fosdick, _The Modern Use of the Bible_.

51 22 Cf. Rudolf Otto, _Chrysostom on the Inconceivable in
God_, in _The Idea of the Holy_. Appendix I; cf. also
the _Catholic Encyclopedia_, Vol. VIII, p. 452; cf. also
William James, _The Varieties of Religious Experience_,
Lecture III.

56 21 Lord Acton, inaugural _Lecture on the Study of History_,
in _Lectures on Modern History_.

70 29 Otto Gierke, _Political Theories of the Middle Ages_—
Translated by F. W. Maitland, p. 7.

71 14 From the Song of Roland, cited, Henry Adams,
_Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres_, p. 29.

72 18 For an analysis of the texts on which this claim was
based, cf. James T. Shotwell and Louise Ropes Loomis, _The
See of Peter_.

73 18 Cited in A. C. M’Giffert, _Protestant Thought Before
Kant_, p. 44.

74 7 For a comprehensive condemnation by the Holy See of
modern opinions which undermine the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church, see the Syllabus of Pius IX (1864) and
the Syllabus of Pius X (1907). The Syllabus of 1864 lists
and condemns eighty principal errors of our time, and
is described by the Catholic Encyclopedia (Vol. XIV, p.
369) as opposition “to the high tide of that intellectual
movement of the Nineteenth Century which strove to sweep
away the foundations of all human and Divine order.”
The Syllabus of 1907 condemns sixty-five propositions
of the Modernists which would “destroy the foundations
of all natural and supernatural knowledge.” (Catholic
Encyclopedia, Vol. XIV, [p334] p. 370.) It should be noted
that there is difference of opinion among Catholic scholars
as to the binding power of these two pronouncements, and
also that their meaning is open to elaborate interpretation.

75 2 _Catholic Encyclopedia_, Vol. XIV, p. 766.

76 20 J. N. Figgis, _Political Thought in the Sixteenth
Century_, Cambridge Modern History, Vol. III, p. 743.

79 4 Cf. J. N. Figgis, op. cit., p. 742.

80 20 For an able recent exposition by an American of this
theory of absolutism, cf. Charles C. Marshall, _The Roman
Catholic Church in the Modern State_.

85 24 Cited R. H. Tawney, _Religion and the Rise of
Capitalism_, p. 44.

86 13 Cited Tawney, op. cit., p. 243.

98 6 The facts cited in this section are from: E. Mâle, _L’Art
Religieux du XIIIeme Siècle en France_, and _L’Art
Religieux de la Fin du Moyen-Age en France_. But cf. G. G.
Coulton, _Art and the Reformation_.

102 28 _Prometheus Unbound_, cited A. N. Whitehead, _Science
and the Modern World_, p. 119.

104 23 R. H. Wilenski, _The Modern Movement in Art_, p. 5.

109 10 Cf. Diego Rivera, _The Revolution in Painting_, in
Creative Art, Vol. IV, No. 1. “And there is absolutely
no reason to be frightened because the subject is so
essential. On the contrary, precisely because the
subject is admitted as a prime necessity, the artist is
absolutely free to create a thoroughly plastic form of
art. The subject is to the painter what the rails are
to a locomotive. He cannot do without it. In fact, when
he refuses to seek or accept a subject, his own plastic
methods and his own esthetic theories become his subject
instead. And even if he escapes them, he himself becomes
the subject of his work. He becomes nothing but an
illustrator of his own state of mind, and in trying to
liberate himself he falls into the worst form of slavery.
That is the cause of all the boredom which emanates
from so many of the large expositions of modern art, a
fact testified to again and again by the most different
temperaments.”

109 18 Bernard Berenson, _The Florentine Painters of the
Renaissance_, p. 19.

111 4 Cf. R. H. Wilenski, _The Modern Movement in Art_, p. 119.

116 4 Cf. George Santayana, _Reason in Religion_, pp. 92 et
seq. [p335]

119 28 Cf. _Catholic Encyclopedia_, Vol. X, p. 342.

123 17 Whitehead, _Science and the Modern World_, p. 257.

127 2 A. S. Eddington, _Stars and Atoms_, p. 121.

128 1 John Herman Randall Jr., _The Making of the Modern Mind_,
p. 100.

128 9 _Epist. ad Can Grand_, cited in footnote to _Paradiso_ in
the Temple Classics.

129 3 Cf. P. W. Bridgman, _The Logic of Modern Physics_, p. 45.

129 23 C. S. Peirce, _How to Make Our Ideas Clear in Chance,
Love and Logic_, edited by Morris R. Cohen.

130 4 Bridgman, op. cit., p. 38.

135 2 Cited L. R. Farnell, _The Attributes of God_, p. 275.

137 31 Cf. M. C. Otto, _Natural Laws and Human Hopes_, pp. 32
et seq.

146 29 The _Catholic Encyclopedia_, Vol. XII, p. 345.

147 29 Cf. B. L. Manning, _The People’s Faith in the Time of
Wyclif_.

148 3 Fosdick, _Adventurous Religion_, p. 85 et seq.

148 9 Santayana, _Reason in Religion_, p. 43.

148 17 L. R. Farnell, _The Attributes of God_, p. 15.

149 14 Manning, op. cit.

159 2 Herbert Asbury, _A Methodist Saint, The Life of Bishop
Asbury_, p. 265.

160 20 Cf. _Encyclopedia Britannica_, “Asceticism.”

161 17 Cf. _Catholic Encyclopedia_, Vol. I, p. 768.

162 5 Quoted in Irving Babbitt, _Rousseau and Romanticism_, p. 45.

162 19 _Rabelais_, Book II, Chapter 34.

163 6 Cited Henry Osborn Taylor, _Thought and Expression in the
Sixteenth Century_, Vol. I, p. 330.

163 25 Babbitt, op. cit., p. 161.

163 28 Cf. Dora Russell, _The Right to be Happy_.

164 5 Cf. Bertrand Russell, _Political Ideals_.

165 17 T. W. Rhys Davids, _Buddhism_, p. 111.

166 22 _Ethics_, Book II, Chapter 9.

177 3 S. Freud, _Formulierung über die zwei Prinzipien des
psychischen Geschehens_, 1911, Jahrb, Bd., I, s. 411.

177 10 S. Ferenczi, _Stages in the Development of the Sense of
Reality_, 1913. In _Contributions to Psychoanalysis_,
translated by Dr. Ernest Jones.

192 13 Spinoza, _Ethics_, Part V, Prop. XLII.

192 23 Cf. T. W. Rhys Davids, _Buddhism_, p. 110.

192 31 _Confucian Analects_, Book II, Chapter 4.

195 25 A. N. Whitehead, _Religion in the Making_, pp. 15–16. [p336]

196 20 _Analects_ VII, XX.

197 24 _Ethics_, Part V, Prop. XLII.

199 19 Cf. T. W. Rhys Davids, _Buddhism_, p. 84.

199 30 C. Snouck Hurgronje, _Mohammedanism_, p. 82.

200 18 _Republic_, VI, 495, 504.

205 5 Cf. J. Burnet, _Philosophy_ in _The Legacy of Greece_,
edited by R. W. Livingstone, p. 67.

218 9 Lucretius, _On the Nature of Things_, Book Third,
Translation by H. A. J. Munro.

220 1 Spinoza, _Ethics_, Part V, Prop. III.

220 4 Id., Part V, Prop. VI.

224 28 Aristotle, _Ethics_, Book IV, Chapter III.

232 18 Oswald Spengler, _The Decline of the West_.

233 25 C. A. Beard, _Is Western Civilization in Peril?_
Harper’s Magazine, August, 1928.

234 17 H. G. Wells, _The Outline of History_, Vol. II, pp. 394–5.

235 30 A. N. Whitehead, _Science and the Modern World_, p. 4.

236 10 W. T. Sedgwick and H. W. Tyler, _A Short History of
Science_, p. 269. Cf. Martha Ornstein, _The Role of
Scientific Societies in the Seventeenth Century_.

237 7 J. B. Bury, _The Idea of Progress_, p. 330.

238 16 For a most illuminating description of the behavior of a
great scientific investigator, cf. Claude Bernard, _An
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine_.

238 26 Bertrand Russell, _Mysticism and Logic_, p. 42.

240 19 Cf. Graham Wallas, _Our Social Heritage_, Chapter I.

241 12 John Herman Randall Jr., _The Making of the Modern
Mind_, p. 279.

242 24 Adam Smith, _The Wealth of Nations_, Book IV, Chapter 9.

245 4 Cited in R. H. Tawney, _Religion and the Rise of
Capitalism_, p. 286.

265 19 Otto Gierke, _Political Theories of the Middle Age_,
Translated by F. W. Maitland, p. 23.

266 9 Id., p. 88.

266 12 Cf. J. W. Garner, _Introduction to Political Science_, p. 92.

267 7 For a discussion of the concept of sovereignty in the
modern world, cf. Otto Gierke, _Political Theories of
the Middle Ages_; J. N. Figgis, _Churches in the Modern
State_; Lord Acton, _History of Freedom and Other Essays_;
H. J. Laski, _A Grammar of Politics_; Kung Chuan Hsiao,
_Political Pluralism_.

274 11 William Hard, _Who’s Hoover?_ p. 193.

280 31 _Reflections on the French Revolution_, cf. Garner, op.
cit., p. 112. [p337]

288 6 Genesis XXXVIII; cf. Harold Cox, _The Problem of
Population_, pp. 208–211, for an interpretation of the
story of Onan in the light of Deut. XXV, which shows that
the crime of Onan was not the spilling of his seed, but a
breach of Jewish tribal law in refusing “to perform the
duty of a husband’s brother” with his brother’s widow.

289 1 Psalm 127, cf. Cox, op. cit.

289 9 The historical data are from A. M. Carr-Saunders, _The
Population Problem_, Chapter I.

295 6 Havelock Ellis, _Love as an Art_, in Count Hermann
Keyserling’s _The Book of Marriage_, p. 388.

295 21 Santayana, _The Life of Reason_, Vol. II, p. 10.

297 3 C. E. M. Joad, _Thrasymachus_, or _The Future of Morals_,
pp. 54–55.

297 15 Havelock Ellis, _The Family_, in _Whither Mankind_, p. 216.

299 4 Quoted in Judge Ben B. Lindsey and Wainwright Evans, _The
Companionate Marriage_, p. 210.

302 18 Cf. Alfred Weber, _History of Philosophy_, p. 72.

304 24 _Love—Or the Life and Death of a Value_, Atlantic
Monthly, August, 1928.

310 14 _Reason in Society_, p. 22.

313 6 W. R. Inge, _The Philosophy of Plotinus_, Vol. II, p. 161.

320 15 John Keats, Letters to John Taylor, Feb. 27, 1818—in
_Oxford Book of English Prose_, No. 379.

INDEX [p339]

Absolute state, 80

Absolutism, 266

_Accademia dei Lincei_, 236

“Acids of modernity.” _See_ Modernity.

Acquisitive instinct, 250

Acton, Lord, 56

Adams, Henry, 71

Adeimantus, 160

Adultery, 89

“Agnostic,” 28, 77

Agnostics, 29, 54

Agnosticism, 34

Allegiance, 263, 265, 267, 268–269

Allegory, 37, 38–40

American farmer, 85, 276

Americanism, 61, 63, 274

American Philosophical Association, 236

Anabaptists, 15

Analysis, scientific, 107

Ananias, 95

Anarchy, moral, 209

Anne, St., 149

Anthropomorphism, 28, 148

Anti-evolution laws, 31

Antioch, 51, 52

Apostles, 58, 99, 120, 200

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 11, 68, 71, 100, 218, 323

Arcadia, 148, 162

Arians, 52

Aristocracy, 15

Aristophanes, 4

Aristotle, 26, 48, 127, 156, 157, 161, 166–167, 194, 224, 244, 319

Art, 112;
Christian, 101;
for art’s sake, 101, 104–105, 107

Artist, modern, 108–109

Artists and the Catholic Church, 98–101, 104

Asbury, Bishop, 158

Asbury, Herbert, 158

Asceticism, 155, 156–161, 191, 192, 204, 205

Astronomers, Newtonian, 123

Atheism, 28, 324

“Atheist,” 28, 29

Atheists, 6, 54, 194

Augsburg, Peace of, 79

Augustine, St., 37, 38, 69, 71, 73, 113, 196

Authority, 13, 14, 166, 202, 262, 272, 317, 326;
divine, 135;
ecclesiastical, 14–15, 35, 76, 93, 133, 236;
moral, 9

Bacon, 324

Baxter, 86

Beard, Charles A., 233, 235

Beauty, religion of, 18

Beauvais, Vincent de, 99

Behavior, 171–172, 186

Behaviorism, 174, 177

Belief, childish, 185, 189, 190

Berenson, 109

Bergson, 107

Berlin Academy, 236

Besant, Mrs., 290

Betelguese, 169

Bible, 13, 23, 27, 34–35, 37, 38–39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47–48, 60,
78, 121, 131, 132, 162, 214, 288;
epic of, 116, 117

Biblical world, 40

Bigotry, 190

Bill of Rights, 114

Biologists, 150–151, 325

Birth control, 93, 285, 287, 289–291, 292–293, 296–297, 298–299, 301,
305–306, 307

Bishop of Rome, 71

Bodin, Jean, 262

Bolshevism, 251–253, 254–255 [p340]

Bradlaugh, 290

Breuer, 220

Bridgman, Prof., 129

Broadway Temple, 88

Brownell, W. C., 24

Bryan, 77

Buddha, 46, 155, 156, 161, 165, 193, 194, 199, 200

Buffon, 241

Bunyan, John, 86

Bureaucracy, 249–250

Burke, Edmund, 280

Bury, Prof. John B., 236

Business, 231, 284;
and the Catholic Church, 84–88;
organized, 244;
stabilization of, 256

Byron, 5, 6

Calles, 264, 265

Calvin, 13, 39, 73, 74, 135

Calvinism, 13

Canby, Henry Seidel, 17

Capitalism, 16, 85, 245, 247–248, 250–251;
primitive, 251–252;
rise of, 232, 245–246

Capitalists, 242;
abolition of, 249–250;
coercion of, 248–249

Capitalistic credo, 244–245

Caste, 199

Catholic Church, 7, 15, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 49, 58, 72, 73, 77, 81,
84–85, 86, 94, 98, 117, 120, 161, 205–206, 291

_Catholic Encyclopedia_, 51, 74

Catholicism, 11, 15, 35, 58, 78, 81, 86, 109

Catholics, 74, 76–77

Cause and effect, 181

Cecilia, St., 98–99

Certainty, feeling of, 19, 21, 322

Certainty, moral. _See_ Moral certainty.

Chateaubriand, 5

Chesterton, G. K., 56–57

Children and the churches, 91, 93

Christ, 13, 14, 23, 29–30, 33, 58, 74, 99, 205;
_See also_ Jesus.

“Christ, athletes of,” 160

Christian capitalism, 87

_Christian Directory_, 86

Christian doctrine, 152, 163

Christian Fathers, 207

Christianity, 8–9, 11, 29–30, 32, 34, 55, 58, 205–206, 250;
foundations of, 51

_Christianity and Liberalism_, 32

Christian socialism, 87

Chrysostom, St., 51–54

Church and state, 75, 79–80, 112

Church attendance, 48

Church councils, 58

Church of England, 266

Church of St. Urban, 98

_City of God_, 69, 71;
_See also “Civitas Dei.”_

Civilization, cycle of, 232;
modern, 4, 9, 62, 230, 233–234, 237, 240, 241, 265, 267, 271, 273,
300, 327;
Roman, 233–234;
technological, 233, 238, 240

Civil service, 271–272

Civil War, 66

_Civitas Dei_, 70;
_See also “City of God.”_

Commercial enterprise, 86

Commonsense, religion of, 44, 45

_Commonweal_, 34

Communities, homogeneous, 270–271

Competition, 247;
free, 244

Compulsions, old and new, 9–10

Comstock, Anthony, 156

Conceptions of God, 51;
Eighteenth-Century, 55;
Luther’s, 53;
mediæval, 55, 71–72;
Modernist, 55;
Oriental, 55;
St. Chrysostom’s, 52–53

Concepts, fixed, 171

_Conclusions to The Renaissance_, 106

Conduct, human, 145, 230, 284, 323

Conformity, 12, 324–325, 328

Confucius, 193, 196, 258, 327

Conventions, new, 12

Conversion, 192, 198

Council of Vienna, 87

Counter-Reformation, 94, 96

Courage, 222–223

Cox, Harold, 288 [p341]

Creation, 99;
theory of, 11

Creative evolution, 18, 117, 131

Creator, dependence on, 69

Credulity, modern, 8–9

Creeds, profusion of, 110

_Critique of Pure Reason_, 136

Cults, modern, 9, 14, 125–126

Culture, theocratic, 164, 175, 221

Curia, 81

Curiosity, 129–130

Custom, 166, 167, 241, 327

Dante, 11, 68, 69, 128, 323

Darwin, 210

Darwinism, 125, 132, 174

Darrow, Clarence, 13

Davids, Rhys, 165

Decoding the Bible, 41, 47

Della Porta, 236

Democracy, 15, 264, 278

Desire, reform of, 201, 202, 282, 320–321

Desires, human, 145, 146, 165, 167–170, 172, 180, 182, 186, 190, 193,
206, 216, 310–311, 319

Destiny, human, 133, 184, 218, 324

Development, concept of, 171–172, 174, 191;
industrial, 245–246, 252, 253–254, 255, 257, 258

_Dialogue of Dives and Pauper_, 147

Dictatorship, military, 253, 264

Disciplines, 202, 203, 205

Disillusionment, 17, 326

Disinterestedness, 204, 206, 209, 210, 221, 225, 230–231, 237,
238–239, 243, 258, 272, 281, 283, 311, 313, 323, 327, 330

Disorders, social, 191–192, 206

Disposition to believe, 143

_Divine Comedy_, 69, 128

Divine government, sense of, 72, 95, 194;
theory of, 71–72, 82, 175

Divine right of kings, 79, 265

Divorce, 299, 308

Doge, 81

Dogma, 13, 96, 125, 133, 176, 244

Domain of religion, 82

Donne, John, 40

Doubt, freedom from, 16

Ecclesiastical establishments, 196, 201, 314–315

Eckhart, 196

Economic order, new, 86, 246–248

Eddington, Dr., 127

Eden, 37

Education, 175, 184, 191, 192, 198, 230

Eighteenth Century, 154, 174, 266, 289

_Élan vital_, 55

Eliot, T. S., 303

Ellis, Havelock, 293, 295–296, 297, 301, 305

Emancipation, 19;
of women, 91–92

Emotions, 220

_Encyclopedia Britannica_, 289

England, 253–254, 272, 273

Environment, 145, 172, 180, 181, 184, 189, 190, 247, 250

Epistles of St. Paul, 44

Erasmus, 196

_Essay on Population_, 289

Estheticism, 105, 107

Ethical codes, 49, 165

_Ethics_, 166

Evil, problem of, 145, 156, 213, 214, 216–217, 218, 329;
sense of, 188, 189, 218–219

Evils, social, 243

Evolution, 60, 117, 122, 125, 132, 171, 210, 231;
_See also_ Creative evolution.

Excommunication, 76

Executives, modern business, 256–257

Exhibition of London, 236–237

Existence, 108, 117, 123

Exodus, 27, 118

Experience, Christian, 33;
esthetic, 106;
lessons of, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 192, 195, 227;
scientific, 220

Faith, age of, 83, 322;
questions of, 77 [p342]

Fallacy, 167, 168

Family, 88, 91–92, 93

Fanaticism, 271

Faraday, 240

Fascism, 251–253, 254

_Faust_, 116

Federal Council of Churches of Christ, 87

Ferenczi, Dr. S., 177–179

Fetich worship, 160

Feudal system, 85–86, 242, 252, 253, 263, 266–267

Figgis, Dr., 76, 81

Fildes, Mrs., 289–290

Flaubert, 7

Ford, Henry, 64

Fornication, 89

Fosdick, Rev. Harry Emerson, 21–22, 40, 41, 42, 45–46, 47, 97, 147–148

Fourth Gospel, 11, 44, 194

Francis, St., 69, 113

Franklin, Benjamin, 236

Freedom, 17, 136, 242, 262, 315, 326, 327;
religious, 75

French Academy of Sciences, 236

Freud, 107, 157, 176, 177, 179, 220

_Fruits of Philosophy_, 290

Fundamentalism, 30–31, 34–35, 64

Fundamentalists, 31, 33–34, 51, 60, 77

Galileo, 123–124, 236

Gargantua, 162–163

Genesis, 27, 38, 131, 132, 325

Geneva, 74

Genteel, cult of, 155

Gentleman, ideal of, 167

Germany, 254, 272

_Gestalt-theorie_, 174, 177

Gierke, 70

Giotto, 109

Gnostics, 52

God, attributes of, 213–214, 215–216

Gods, Greek, 10, 302

Godlessness, 194

Gods, popular. _See_ Theology, popular.

Golden Age, 151

Golden mean, 166–167, 180

Good and evil, 135, 137, 153, 168, 170, 172, 214–215, 320

“Good life,” 156, 172, 191, 202, 319, 323

Good Samaritan, 37

Gospels, 37, 44, 206, 325

Government, 231, 275–276, 278–279

Grace, meaning of, 58;
religion of, 12

Greek Church, 51

Hammurabi, code of, 136

Happiness, pursuit of, 4, 153, 166, 198, 328–329

Heaven, Christian, 146

Hedonism, 301–302, 304, 319

Hegesias, 302

Hellenism, 322

Hemingway, Ernest, 303

Hera, 148

_Heretics_, 56

Heroism, 156

Hertz, 240

Heterodoxy, 12, 62

Hierarchies, 92, 263, 265, 268

Higher Criticism, 40

“Higher sense,” 11

High religion, 193, 203–204, 207, 208, 230, 239;
function of, 193;
insight of, 207–208, 209, 230, 239, 251

Hildebrand, 58

Historians, philosophic, 232

Historical scholarship, 157

History, 143, 157

Hobbes, 266

Holy Land, 149

Holy See, 73, 74

Homer, 10, 43

Hooker, Richard, 266

Hoover, 273–274

Hope and fear, 321, 330

Hosea, 12

Human development, 177, 234

Humanism, 137–139, 143–144, 164, 166, 167, 172, 175, 196, 221

Humanity, religion of, 18 [p343]

Human nature, 157, 161, 164, 165, 169, 171–172, 173, 175–176,
183–184, 207, 227, 306, 327

Huss, 73

Huxley, Aldous, 303

Huxley, Thomas Henry, 6

Iconoclasm, 17, 96, 315

Iconoclasts, 15, 302

Idealism, debacle of, 17

Ideals, foundation of, 133, 224, 323;
succession of, 111

Ideas, crystallization of, 20

Idols, smashing of, 15, 16

Illusions, 8, 189, 232

Immortality, 11, 41–43, 45, 122, 180, 188

Impersonal, worship of the, 44

Impulses, 165–166, 168, 169, 192, 222, 224, 227, 306

Industry, ideals of, 258–259;
modern, 248, 251, 255–256, 260, 273–274, 288

Inertia, human, 208, 227

Infallibility, 81

Infantilism, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 181, 182, 184, 185, 189–190, 191

Inferno, 146

Inge, Dean, 28, 29–30, 42, 44, 46, 196, 313, 314

Inquiry, disinterested, 132;
freedom of, 126

Inquisition, 123–124, 161

Inspiration, 13, 46

Intelligence, 186;
machinery of, 64

Interests, diversification of, 267–268, 269–270, 274, 328

Internal life, 152, 195, 196

Invention of invention, 235

Inventions, mechanical, 234–235

Irreligion, modern, 12, 53–54

Isaiah, 12

Italy, 251–253, 272

James I, 79

James, William, 18, 24–26

Jefferson, 15

Jehovah, 12, 214, 288;
_See also_ Yahveh.

Jerome, St., 161

Jesus, 12, 46, 99, 119, 155, 193, 199, 200;
_See also_ Christ.

Jews, 52

Joad, C. E. M., 296, 297, 315–316

Job, 213–216

Job, Book of, 214, 216

John, Gospel of. _See_ Fourth Gospel.

John, St., 99

Joyce, James, 303

Judaism, 12

Judgment, private, 15, 34

Kant, Immanuel, 136–137

Keats, 320

Kelvin, Lord, 129

Keynes, Maynard, 245, 258

Knowledge, limitations of, 202

Knowlton, 290

Knox, 73

Krutch, Joseph Wood, 302–303, 304

Ku Klux Klan, 31

Labor, organized, 244

_Laissez-faire_, 242, 244, 250, 252

Lake, Kirsopp, 27–29

Lamarckism, 125

“Land of heart’s desire,” 151–152

Last Judgment, 99

Law enforcement, 277–278

Law, international, 265–266

Lawrence, D. H., 303

Leadership, mass, 274–275

Legislation, modern, 275–276, 279

Lent, 1492, 38

Leviticus, 37

Lewis, Sinclair, 16

Liberalism, 6, 152

Liberals, Protestant, 34;
religious, 21, 33

Liberty, natural, 243, 244–246, 258

Life, art of, 175, 326–327;
mediæval view of, 154, 323;
wisdom of, 156, 330

Lindbergh, Col. Charles A., 222–223 [p344]

Lindsey, Judge, 298, 307

Locke, 266

Love, art of, 293, 295, 301, 303, 305, 308–309;
value of, 302–304, 306, 310

Lowell Lectures, 25

Loyalty, 261–263, 268–269, 272, 325

Lucretius, 218

Luther, 13, 14–15, 39, 53–54, 73–74, 79, 196

Lutheran Church, 13

Lutherans, 77

Machen, Prof. J. Gresham, 32, 33–34

Machine process, 246, 253–254, 274

Machine technology, 242–243, 247, 251, 252, 254, 257, 258–259, 274,
284, 316

Mâle, 100, 101

Malthus, 289

Manichæans, 52

Man, nature of, 152, 243

Manner of life, 235

Markets, 246–247

Marriage, 89, 286, 288, 289, 291, 309, 310–311, 312;
companionate, 298, 307

Marxianism, 16

Mary, St. _See_ Virgin Mary.

Masses, 148–149, 278

Matriarchal societies, 91

Maturity, 174–175, 176–177, 179–180, 183–184, 185, 186, 189, 190,
191–192, 204, 209, 225, 230, 237, 239, 313, 323, 325, 327,
328–329

Maxwell, 240

Mazzini, 18

Meaning of things, 183

Mechanism, 125, 128, 130–131

Medical progress, 218

Melanchthon, 79

Mencken, H. L., 13, 16

Mendel’s law, 231

Messianic Kingdom, 11

Methodism, 6;
American, 158

Mexico, 253, 265

Middle Ages, 70–72, 73, 94, 129, 131, 161, 265, 266

Mill, James, 289

Milton, 74, 266

Minority, recalcitrant, 279

Miracles, 118, 119–120

Mississippi flood, 273–274

Modernism, 18, 32, 33, 59, 77, 117, 217

Modernists, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 42, 51

Modernity, 5, 8, 14, 15, 19, 56, 68, 96, 105, 110, 112, 143, 158,
196–197, 208, 229, 251, 284, 316, 318, 320, 321

Modern man, 4, 8–10, 12, 19, 21, 24, 40, 41, 51, 54, 57, 59, 94, 111,
112, 113, 114, 152, 153, 158, 161, 194, 203, 227–228, 315, 316

Modern men. _See_ Modern man.

_Modern Movement in Art, The_, 104

Modern spirit, 36, 110, 143

Modern state, 260, 262–263, 267, 272–273, 275, 279, 311

Modern world, 14, 19, 20, 268–269, 270, 300, 311, 322–324

Mohammed, 145

Mohammedanism, 199

Monasticism, 204–206

Montaigne, 48, 175, 196

Moral certainty, 9–10, 15, 115

Moral codes, 3, 49, 135, 167, 170, 171, 201, 208–209, 226, 228, 272,
317, 319

Moral confusion, 155, 228, 230

Moral effect, 179–180

Moral effort, 175

Moral guidance, 14, 205

Moral insight, 227–228, 229

Moralists, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 172, 173, 208–209, 225, 244, 300,
314–315, 316–319, 320–321, 323

Morality, 114–115, 117, 136, 137–139, 145;
divine, 49–50;
sanctions of, 78, 166, 176, 228;
theistic, 138;
_See also_ Morals.

Moral law, 46, 48, 191, 233 [p345]

Moral philosophies, 156

Moral problem, 134, 166, 168, 192, 229, 312, 317

Morals, 17, 112, 151, 157, 192, 208, 210, 227–228, 229, 241, 322;
_See also_ Morality.

Moral values, 106

Morris, William, 5, 244

Mortality, 188, 191

Mosaic law, 136

Moses, 49

Moving pictures, 6

Music, 182

Musset, Alfred de, 163

Mystics, 147, 196

Nain, 119

Naples, 236

Nationalism, 63–64, 232

Natural goodness, 163

Natural man, 19, 162, 163, 241

Natural selection, 18, 150

Nature and science, 241

Nature, laws of, 117, 122, 125, 150, 165, 195;
religion of, 18

Necessity, experience of, 187

Need to believe, 125, 203

Neo-Malthusianism, 289–290

Neo-Platonism, Christian, 28

Neo-Platonists, modern, 11

New Jerusalem, 115, 116

Newspapers, popular, 6, 64–65

New York, 66, 271, 273

Nicæa, Second Council of, 98, 100, 101

Nietzsche, 7, 157

Nietzscheanism, 16

Nineteenth Century, 5, 16, 18, 174, 288, 309

Nirvana, 145, 165, 199

Noah’s Ark, 38

Noguchi, 223

Non-sectarianism, 77–78

Novels, autobiographical, 113

Objectivity, 132

Obregon, Gen., 264

Old Testament, 55, 214

Onan, 288

Order, ancestral, 68, 153, 207, 208, 228, 267, 314, 322;
cosmic, 8, 195, 202, 216;
industrial, 242

Origen, 11, 28, 29, 37, 39, 196

Original sin, 198

“Orthodox,” 57, 122

Orthodoxy, 10, 11, 12, 19–20, 32, 35, 194, 216

“Overbeliefs,” 24

Pach, Walter, 95

Pagans, 52

Painting, religious, 94–96, 97–98

Pantagruelists, 162

Pantheism, 117–118

Paradise, 128, 145, 146

_Paradise Lost_, 116

Parenthood, 292–294, 301, 305

Paris, 111, 223

Passions, harmony of, 198, 206, 208

_Pater_, 149

Pater, Walter, 106–107

Patriotism, 18, 78, 82

Paul, St., 12–13, 50, 52, 58, 90, 99, 155, 161

Peace of mind, 7–8

Peirce, Charles S., 129

Periclean Age, 11, 232

Personality, persistence of, 42

Peter, St., 72, 74, 99, 146

Petrarch, 5

_Phædo_, 159

Pharisees, 12, 317, 319

Philistines, 104

Philosophers, Greek, 10, 159, 233, 235–236

Philosophy, 324;
industrial, 243, 260;
modern, 157, 158;
political, 260

Physicists, 102, 124, 129

Physics, 143, 157, 174, 241

_Pilgrim’s Progress, The_, 200

Place, Francis, 289

Plato, 10, 48, 156, 159, 161, 200, 289

Platonic tradition, 28

Platonism, 43

Platonists, 42–43, 196

Pleasure and pain, 177, 179, 302 [p346]

Plot, John, 149

Plotinus, 155

Political conduct, 264–265, 284

Political machine, 264

Politician, the, 279–282

Pope, the, 13, 15, 72, 79, 81, 85, 265, 270–271

Pope Innocent IV, 85

Pope Paul V, 81

Pope Pius IX, 75

Population, growth of, 289–291

Post-Darwinians, 18

Pragmatism, 119

Prayer, 146–149

Pre-machine age, 253

Presbyterians, 79

Priesthood, 73

Primitive peoples, 159

Procreation, 166

Progress, religion of, 18

Prohibition, 31, 277

Propaganda, 281

Prophet, artist as, 101–102, 103, 104

Prophets, 12

Protestantism, 15, 30, 32, 34, 52, 77, 86

Protestants, 34–35

Pseudo-religions, 125

Psychiatry, 158, 159

Psychoanalysis, 6, 125, 174, 177, 179, 220

Psychology, 143, 171, 172, 173, 174, 220;
abnormal, 171;
folk, 171;
popular, 114;
scientific, 173, 176

Public interest, 257–258

Public opinion, 167

Public schools, 76–77

Public utilities, regulation of, 254–255

Purgatory, 146

Puritanism, 154, 302

Purpose, cosmic, 9

Pythagoras, 204–205

Rabelais, 161, 162–163

Randall, Dr., 127–128

Rationalists, 24–25

Rationalization, 39

Reality, 177, 179, 180, 193, 216, 272, 312, 319

Reason and faith, 51, 121

Rebellion, 16–17, 19, 190

Rebels, 15–18, 19

Reconstruction, essays in, 14

Redemption, 11, 115

Reformation, 13, 72–73, 94, 154

Reformers, Eighteenth-Century, 15;
Protestant, 34, 39, 40, 73, 96

Relative motion, 124

Religion, 8, 10, 17, 18–19, 23, 112, 123, 131, 284, 324;
aristocracy in, 197, 200, 202, 203;
need of, 123;
of the spirit, 44, 46, 196–197, 203, 205–206, 327–328;
popular, 14, 32–33, 47, 50, 69, 91, 94, 127, 131–132, 143, 145,
176, 194, 195–196, 201, 202, 208, 216, 227, 232, 244, 325 (_See
also_ Theology, popular);
traditional, 122, 124, 203

Religious experience, 33, 90–91, 125, 325–326

Religious synthesis, 111, 124

Religious thought, 96

Religious wars, 74

Religious writing, 97

Renaissance, 94–95, 161;
High, 154

Renan, 7

Renunciation, 45, 156, 157, 191, 192, 206

_Republic_, 159–160

Revelation, 124, 126, 127, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 143, 318, 326;
logic of, 121;
sense of, 13

Revivals, 14

Revolution, French, 289;
industrial, 210, 248;
mechanical, 19, 234, 236, 241, 248, 289;
Russian, 250–251;
spiritual, 133–134

Rewards and punishments, 201, 202, 213

Riggs, Father, 34

Righteousness, sense of, 16

Right of revolution, 82

Right to believe, 25

Rights of men, 242, 267

Roland, 71 [p347]

Roman Catholic Church. _See_ Catholic Church.

Roman Empire, 58, 205

Romantics, 18, 26, 154

Rome, 149, 236

Rousseau, 154, 266

Royal Society of London, 236

Ruskin, 244

Russell, Bertrand, 27, 114, 157, 238, 298–299, 308

Russell, Dora, 163

Russia, 250–253, 272, 273

Sages, teaching of, 198, 200, 210, 239

Saintliness, 156

Salvation, 75, 88, 147, 195–197, 198, 201, 313

Santayana, George, 19, 35, 36, 43, 68, 145, 148, 182, 310, 311

Sargent, John, 95

Savonarola, 37

Schoolmen, 127, 129

Science, 10, 18, 19, 112, 120, 123, 153, 176, 205;
and religion, 123–124, 132–133;
concepts in, 102–103, 107, 122;
Greek, 210;
logic of, 121;
mediæval, 128;
method of, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 157, 239;
modern, 127, 128, 236–237, 239, 316;
popular, 127;
pure, 237–238, 239

_Science and the Modern World_, 123

Scientific discipline, 239–240, 241

Scientific explanation, 130, 131

Scientific hypotheses, 125, 126–127

Scientific inquiry, 35, 123, 236

Scientific materialism, 131

Scientific method. _See_ Science, method of.

Scientific research, 236–237, 238

Scientific spirit, 240, 327

Scientific theory, 133, 209

Scribes, 12

Scriptures. _See_ Bible.

Self-discipline, 45, 196–197, 198

Serenity, 7–8

Sex, 284–285, 288, 299–300, 306, 308;
and religion, 89–90

Sexual conventions, 299–300, 301, 307–308

Sexual ideal, 93–94, 293, 301, 305–306, 307

Sexuality, 150, 165–166, 303–304

Sexual relations, 231, 284–287, 288–289, 291–292, 295–296, 297, 299,
308, 312

Shaw, George Bernard, 18, 48, 156

Shelley, 5–6, 102

Simeon Stylites, St., 158

Sinai, 136, 227

Smith, Adam, 242, 243, 245

“Social compact,” 266–267

Socialism, 249–250, 258

Socialists, 249, 250, 252

Social system, American, 65–67, 273–274

Society, 19, 190, 206, 207, 241, 250, 266, 276, 284, 322;
opinion of, 134

Socrates, 10, 11, 155, 159, 160, 161, 219, 220

Song of Solomon, 38

Sophists, 219, 220

Sophisticated violence, 64

Soul, 114, 196

Sovereignty, conception of, 265, 267

Space, sense of, 180

Species, propagation of, 150

Speculation, philosophic, 233

Spengler, 62, 232

Spinoza, 155, 156, 161, 192, 193, 194, 197, 216, 219, 220, 266

Spirituality, 154, 197, 204, 329–330

Staël, Madame de, 162

Statesman, the, 279–283

Steele, Richard, 86

Stimuli, 182

Stoddard, Lothrop, 64

Suffering, irrational, 213

_Summa_, 100

Supernatural kingdom, 143, 325–326

Superstition, 218

Survival of the fittest, 150

Syllabus of Pope Pius IX, 314

Symbolism, 34, 45, 68, 100, 325 [p348]

Tabu, 160

Tamar, 288

Tariff, 276–277

Ten Commandments, 78

Tennessee, 77

Theism, 136, 137

Theocracy, 194, 195, 197, 203, 227, 228

Theodorus of Cyrene, 301–302

Theology, Catholic, 51, 119;
popular, 10–11, 23 (_see also_ Religion, popular)

Thirteenth Century, 11

Thomas à Kempis, 113

Thomson, James, 5

Thought, contemporary, 194;
scientific, 125, 235

Time, sense of, 181

Toleration, 74–77, 123

Totemism, 160

Towns, rise of, 19, 232

_Tradesman’s Calling, The_, 86

Traditions, religious, 61–62, 96, 97

Transubstantiation, 58

Trent, Council of, 14, 100–101

Trinity, 70

_True Law of Free Monarchy_, 79

“Truth, the,” 129

_Unam sanctam_, 81

Unbelief, 3–20, 28, 228, 229, 326

Understanding, 181–183, 191, 206, 321, 329

Uneasiness, modern, 14

United States, 253–254, 272, 274, 276, 277–278

Universe, 8, 128, 129, 145

Usury, 84, 85, 86, 87

Utopia, 151

Valerian, 98–99

Values, transvaluation of, 16, 181

Versailles, Court of, 95

Vicegerent of God, 72

Victoria, Queen, 155, 302

View of life, traditional, 109

Villers, 162

Virgin Mary, 96, 99, 115, 149

Virtue, 166, 192, 221–225, 226–227, 228–229, 320, 329;
conception of, 226, 318, 319, 324

Voltaire, 16, 197

Wallas, Graham, 240

Walter Reed Hospital, 223

Walwayn, Thomas, 149

War, abolition of, 232

Watt, James, 234, 236

_Wealth of Nations_, 242

Wells, H. G., 233–234

West, Lady Alice, 148–149

Whitehead, Alfred North, 25–27, 123–124, 195, 236, 325

Wilenski, R. H., 104, 111

Will, human, 195

Will of God, 10, 195

Will to believe, 25, 53

Wisdom, 185–186, 198–199, 201, 226–228, 229, 244, 320, 324

Woman, economic independence of, 93

Women, chastity of, 286–288, 291

Wordsworth, 5, 18, 180

World, character of, 186

World’s Christian Fundamentalist Association, 30, 31

World War, 17, 253, 272–273

Wyclif, 37, 73

Wynne, Father, 146

Yahveh, 55, 214.
_See also_ Jehovah.