Chapter II: Part 2

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:168): 5700 ft., San
Emigdio Canyon; 3 mi. E San Fernando; Reche Canyon (Orr, 1940:169);
3500 ft., Dos Palmas Springs, Santa Rosa Mts. Baja California
(Nelson, 1909:253): La Huerta, thence northward up-coast to point of
beginning.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI EXIGUUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus bachmani exiguus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:84, July 22, type from Yubay, central Baja
California.

_Marginal records._--Baja California (Nelson, 1909:254): Agua Dulce;
Santana.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI HOWELLI Huey.

1927. _Sylvilagus bachmani howelli_ Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist., 5:67, July 6, type from 10 mi. SE Alamo, Baja California,
lat. 31[deg] 35' N, long. 116[deg] 03' W.

_Marginal records._--Baja California (Huey, 1927:68): Laguna Hanson,
Sierra Juarez; type locality.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI MACRORHINUS Orr.

1935. _Sylvilagus bachmani macrorhinus_ Orr, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 48:28, February 6, type from Alpine Creek Ranch, 3-1/2
mi. S and 2-1/3 mi. E Portola, 1700 ft., San Mateo County,
California.

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:163): 10 mi. SW Suisun; W
side Mt. Diablo; Summit Station, Santa Cruz Mts., thence north along
coast to Golden Gate.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI MARIPOSAE Grinnell and Storer.

1916. _Sylvilagus bachmani mariposae_ Grinnell and Storer, Univ.
California Publ. Zool., 17:7, August 23, type from McCauley Trail,
4000 ft., near El Portal, Mariposa County, California.

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940): Carbondale (p. 158);
French Gulch, 6700 ft., Piute Mtn. (p. 159).

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI PENINSULARIS (J. A. Allen).

1898. _Lepus peninsularis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
10:144, April 12, type from Santa Anita, Baja California.

1909. _Sylvilagus bachmani peninsularis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:255, August 31.

_Marginal records._--Baja California (Nelson, 1909:255): type
locality; Cape San Lucas.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI RIPARIUS Orr.

1935. _Sylvilagus bachmani riparius_ Orr, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 48:29, February 6, type from west side San Joaquin
River, 2 mi. NE Vernalis, in Stanislaus County, California. Known
from type locality only.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI ROSAPHAGUS Huey.

1940. _Sylvilagus bachmani rosaphagus_ Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., 9:221, July 31, type from 2 mi. W Santo Domingo
Mission, Baja California, M['e]xico, lat. 30[deg] 45' N, long.
115[deg] 58' W, or precisely, near the huge red cliff that marks
the entrance of the Santo Domingo River Ca[~n]on from the coastal
plain.

_Marginal records._--Baja California (Huey, 1940): San Quint['i]n (p.
223); El Rosario (p. 222).

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI TEHAMAE Orr.

1935. _Sylvilagus bachmani tehamae_ Orr, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 48:27, February 6, type from Dale's, on Paine's Creek,
600 ft., Tehama County, California.

_Marginal records._--Oregon (Orr, 1935:28): Prospect. California
(Orr, 1940:156): Auburn; 7 mi. W and 14 mi. S Chico; Rumsey; Castle
Springs; 3 mi. S Covelo; Mad River Bridge, S. Fork Mtn.

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI UBERICOLOR (Miller).

1899. _Lepus bachmani ubericolor_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 383, September 29, type from Beaverton,
Washington County, Oregon.

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Microlagus_) _bachmani ubericolor_, Lyon,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:337, June 15.

_Range._--Columbia River, Oregon, south to San Francisco Bay,
California, and from the Pacific Coast eastward to a line connecting
the following marginal records.--Oregon (V. Bailey, 1936:109, unless
otherwise noted): Portland (Nelson, 1909:251); Mackenzie Bridge;
above Grants Pass. California (Orr, 1940:153): Laytonville; Maillard
[=4 mi. E Lagunitas].

SYLVILAGUS BACHMANI VIRGULTI Dice.

1926. _Sylvilagus bachmani virgulti_ Dice, Occas. papers Mus. Zool.
Univ. Michigan, 166:24, February 11, Soledad, Monterey County,
California.

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:166): The Pinnacles;
Waltham Cr., 4-1/2 mi. SE Priest Valley; 2 mi. S San Miguel; Bryson.

=Sylvilagus mansuetus=

Brush Rabbit

1907. _Sylvilagus mansuetus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
20:83, July 22, type from San Jos['e] Island, Gulf of California,
Baja California. Known from San Jos['e] Island only.

This insular species is closely related to _Sylvilagus bachmani_ and is distinguished by paleness, proportionately longer and narrower skull, fusion to skull of anterior arm of supraorbital process, and larger jugal.

=Sylvilagus palustris=

Marsh Rabbit

(See figure 42)

Total length, 425-440; tail, 33-39; hind foot, 88-91; ear from notch (dry), 45-52. Upper parts blackish brown or reddish brown; underside of tail brownish or dingy gray (not white); ears, tail and hind feet short; posterior and anterior extensions of supraorbital processes joined to skull along most (or all) of their extent. The lack of white on the underside of the tail is a ready means of distinguishing this species from the other species of the genus which occur within its geographic range. The species occurs in the lowlands, possibly not above 500 feet altitude, of the Lower Austral and Tropical life-zones. In Florida, Blair (1936) found that the marsh rabbit ate 29 per cent of its bodily weight in green food each day and that the number of embryos in 3 females was 4, 4 and 3.

SYLVILAGUS PALUSTRIS PALUDICOLA (Miller and Bangs).

1894. _Lepus paludicola_ Miller and Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 9:105, June 9, type from Ft. Island, near Crystal
Riv., Citrus Co., Fla.

1909. _Sylvilagus palustris paludicola_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:269, August 31.

_Marginal records._--Florida (Nelson, 1909:270): Hibernia [= Green
Cove Springs]; San Mateo; along Atlantic Coast at least to Micco;
Kissimmee River; Cape Sable; northward along Gulf Coast and on
coastal islands at least to Suwanee River.

SYLVILAGUS PALUSTRIS PALUSTRIS (Bachman).

1837. _Lepus palustris_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
7:194, type locality eastern South Carolina.

1909. _Sylvilagus palustris_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:266, August
31.

_Marginal records._--Nansemond County (Handley and Patton,
1947:190), southward along Atlantic Coast to northern Florida:
Anastasia Island (Nelson, 1909:269). West to Gulf Coast and along
Coast to Alabama: Bon Secour (Nelson, 1909:269); Flomaton (Howell,
1921:74); Dothan (_ibid._). Georgia: Americus (Nelson, 1909:269).
South Carolina: Society Hill (_ibid._).

FIG. 10. _Romerolagus diazi_, 31 km. S Mexico City, D. F. No. 30815
KU, [FEMALE].

FIG. 11. _Sylvilagus idahoensis_, Millett P. O., Nevada. No. 37275
MVZ, [MALE].

FIG. 12. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei_, 30 km. SSE Jesus Carranza,
Veracruz. No. 32128 KU, [MALE].

FIG. 13. _Sylvilagus bachmani macrorhinus_, 1700 feet, Alpine Creek
Ranch, San Mateo County, California. No. 53382 MVZ, [FEMALE].

FIG. 14. _Sylvilagus palustris palustris_, Riceboro, Georgia. No.
45502 USNM, [FEMALE]. (After Nelson, 1909: pl. 12, fig. 3.)

FIG. 15. _Sylvilagus nuttallii grangeri_, 1/2 mi. E. Jefferson, Nev.
No. 58527, [FEMALE].

FIG. 16. _Sylvilagus audubonii minor_, 3290 ft., Neville Spring,
Grapevine Mts., Big Bend, Brewster Co., Texas. No. 80519 MVZ,
[MALE].

FIG. 17. _Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi_, 4 mi. NE Lawrence, Douglas
Co., Kansas. No. 3774 KU, [MALE].

FIG. 18. _Sylvilagus a. aquaticus_, Crawford Co., Kansas. No. 8544
KU. [MALE].

FIG. 19. _Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius_, 3 km. W Acultzingo,
Veracruz. No. 30749 KU, [MALE].

FIG. 20. _Romerolagus diazi._

FIG. 21. _Sylvilagus idahoensis._

FIG. 22. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei._

FIG. 23. _Sylvilagus bachmani macrorhinus._

FIG. 24. _Sylvilagus palustris palustris_, Society Hill, South
Carolina. No. 2089 USNM (after Lyon, 1904: pl. 76, fig. 6).

FIG. 25. _Sylvilagus nuttallii grangeri._

FIG. 26. _Sylvilagus audubonii minor._

FIG. 27. _Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi._

FIG. 28. _Sylvilagus aquaticus aquaticus._

FIG. 29. _Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius._

FIG. 30. _Romerolagus diazi._

FIG. 31. _Sylvilagus idahoensis._

FIG. 32. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei._

FIG. 33. _Sylvilagus bachmani macrorhinus._

FIG. 34. _Sylvilagus nuttallii grangeri._

FIG. 35. _Sylvilagus audubonii minor._

FIG. 36. _Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi._

FIG. 37. _Sylvilagus aquaticus aquaticus._

FIG. 38. _Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius._

=Sylvilagus floridanus=

Florida Cottontail

Total length, 375-463; tail, 39-65; hind foot, 87-104; ear from notch (dry), 49-68; upper parts brownish or grayish; underside of tail white; skull with transversely thick posterior extension of supraorbital process of frontal. The geographic range is the largest of all of the North American species of the genus _Sylvilagus_; from Canada the species occurs south at least to Costa Rica and it may occur in Panam['a] for the species is recorded also from South America.

In the western part of the Great Plains this species is confined to the riparian growth along streams and _Sylvilagus audubonii_ occupies the remainder of the terrain. In New Mexico and southwestern Texas _S. floridanus_ is confined to the boreal life-zones where timber provides denser cover than is found in the lower life-zones. The zonal range is from the Canadian Life-zone into the Tropical Life-zone. It is not surprising, therefore, that there is much geographic variation in the shape and size of the skull. There is so much geographic variation in the skull that it is impossible, at this writing at least, to frame a description that will enable the reader to distinguish the skull from those of all other species of the genus. In any given area, however, it is possible, easily and certainly, to distinguish the skulls of _S. floridanus_ from those of the other species which occur in that area.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS ALACER (Bangs).

1896. _Lepus sylvaticus alacer_ Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
10:136, December 28, type from Stilwell, Boston Mountains, Adair
County, Oklahoma.

_Marginal records._--Missouri (Nelson, 1909:176): Columbia; St.
Louis. Illinois: Ozark (Necker and Hatfield, 1941:56). Tennessee
(Nelson, 1909:176): Samburg; Raleigh. Mississippi (Nelson,
1909:176): Michigan City; Bay St. Louis. Texas (Nelson, 1909:176):
Port Lavaca; Brazos; Henrietta. Oklahoma: Norman (Blair, 1939:128).
Kansas: _8 mi. NE Harper_ (12917 KU); Rago (12508 KU); Halstead
(3110 KU); _4 mi. S_ and _14 mi. W Hamilton_ (13673 KU); 3 mi. N
Chanute (22026 KU).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS AMMOPHILUS A. H. Howell.

1939. _Sylvilagus floridanus ammophilus_ A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm.,
20:365, August 14, type from "Oak Lodge", on peninsula opposite
Micco, Florida. Known from type locality only.

Guide to kinds:

1. _S. n. nuttallii_
2. _S. n. grangeri_
3. _S. n. pinetis_
4. _S. f. similis_
5. _S. f. mearnsi_
6. _S. f. llanensis_
7. _S. f. alacer_
8. _S. f. mallurus_
9. _S. f. hitchensi_
10. _S. f. floridanus_
11. _S. f. ammophilus_
12. _S. f. cognatus_
13. _S. f. robustus_
14. _S. f. chapmani_
15. _S. f. holzneri_
16. _S. f. restrictus_
17. _S. f. subcinctus_
18. _S. f. orizabae_
19. _S. f. connectens_
20. _S. f. russatus_
21. _S. f. aztecus_
22. _S. f. chiapensis_
23. _S. f. yucatanicus_
24. _S. f. hondurensis_
25. _S. f. costaricensis_
26. _S. insonus_ ]

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS AZTECUS (J. A. Allen).

1890. _Lepus sylvaticus aztecus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 3:188, December 10, type from Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca.

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _floridanus aztecus_, Lyon,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:188, unless otherwise
noted).--Oaxaca: Santa Maria Petapa; Santa Efigenia. Chiapas:
Tonala, 50 M (Hooper, 1947:56). Oaxaca: Salina Cruz; _type
locality_.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS CHAPMANI (J. A. Allen).

1899. _Lepus floridanus chapmani_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 12:12, March 4, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces County,
Texas.

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _floridanus chapmani_, Lyon,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

1899. _Lepus floridanus caniclunis_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 388, October 5, type from Fort Clark, Kinney
County, Texas.

1902. _Lepus simplicicanus_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
15:81, April 25, type from Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:178).--Texas: Clyde; Victoria
County; _Rockport_. Tamaulipas: Soto la Marina; Juamave. Coahuila:
Monclova; Sabinas. Texas: Comstock; Stanton.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS CHIAPENSIS (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus floridanus chiapensis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:106, May 18, type from San Cristobal, Chiapas.

1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus chiapensis_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:190, unless otherwise
noted).--Chiapas: type locality; Comitan. Guatemala: Hacienda
Chancol; Panajachel (Goodwin, 1934:56). Chiapas: Tuxtla.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS COGNATUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus cognatus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
20:82, July 22, type from near summit of the Manzano Mountains,
Valencia County, New Mexico.

1951. _Sylvilagus floridanus cognatus_, Hall and Kelson, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:55, October 1, 1951.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:193).--New Mexico: Santa Rosa, 35
mi. N on Conchas River; Capitan Mts.; Datil Mts.; type locality.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS CONNECTENS (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus floridanus connectens_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:105, May 18, type from Chichicaxtle, central
Veracruz.

1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus connectens_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:186).--Tamaulipas: Altamira.
Veracruz: type locality. Oaxaca: Mt. Zempoaltepec. Veracruz: Orizaba
(City of); Jico. Puebla: Metlaltoyuca. Queretaro: Pinal de Amoles.
San Luis Potos['i]: Valles.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS COSTARICENSIS Harris.

1933. _Sylvilagus floridanus costaricensis_ Harris, Occas. Papers
Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 266:3, June 28, type from Hacienda
Santa Maria, Province of Guanacaste, 3200 ft, Costa Rica.

_Marginal records_ (Goodwin, 1946:358).--Costa Rica: El Pel['o]n; type
locality; Tenorio.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS FLORIDANUS (J. A. Allen).

1890. _Lepus sylvaticus floridanus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 3:160, October 8, type from Sebastian River, Brevard
County, Florida.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:322,
June 15.

_Marginal records._--Florida: San Mateo (Sherman, 1936:122);
_Enterprise_ (_ibid._); Miakka Lake (230812 USBS); Blitches Ferry
(Sherman, 1936:122).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS HITCHENSI Mearns.

1911. _Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 39:227, January 9, type from Smiths Island, Northampton
County, Virginia.

_Marginal records._--Virginia: type locality; Fishermans Island
(Handley and Patton, 1947:187).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS HOLZNERI (Mearns).

1896. _Lepus sylvaticus holzneri_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
18:554, June 24, type from Douglas spruce zone, near summit of
Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona.

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _floridanus holzneri_, Lyon,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

1896. [_Lepus sylvaticus_] subspecies _rigidus_ Mearns, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 18:555, June 24, type from Carrizalillo Mts., near
monument No. 31, Mexican boundary line, Grant County, New Mexico.

1903. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _durangae_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 19:609, November 12, type from Rancho Bailon,
northwestern Durango.

_Marginal records._--Arizona: Pine Springs, 15 mi. S of Canyon of
Colorado (Hall and Kelson, 1951:54); Reynolds Creek R. S., Sierra
Ancha Mts. (_ibid._); W base Mt. Turnbull, 4500 ft. (_ibid._). New
Mexico: Silver City (Nelson, 1909:180); _Animas Mts._ (_ibid._).
Zacatecas: Valparaiso (_ibid._); Plateado (_ibid._). Chihuahua:
Guadalupe y Calvo (_ibid._). Arizona: Thomas Ca[~n]on, 2 mi. E
Baboquivari Mts. (Hall and Kelson, 1951:54), Hualapi Mts. (_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS HONDURENSIS Goldman.

1932. _Sylvilagus floridanus hondurensis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45:122, July 30, type from Monte Redondo,
approximately 30 mi. NW Tegucigalpa, 5100 ft., Honduras.

_Marginal records._--Honduras: Santa Barbara (Goodwin, 1942:150);
Cedros (_ibid._). Nicaragua: Jinotega (Nelson, 1909:190); Chontales
["District" of] (_ibid._); Leon. Honduras: Ocotepeque (Goodwin,
1942:150).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS LLANENSIS Blair.

1938. _Sylvilagus floridanus llanensis_ Blair, Occas. Papers. Mus.
Zool., Univ. Michigan, 380:1, June 21, type from Old "F" Ranch
headquarters, Quitaque, Briscoe County, Texas.

_Marginal records._--Kansas: 15 mi. N and 3 mi. E Stafford (5547
KU); 1 mi. NE Aetna (12144 KU). Oklahoma: 3 mi SE Southard (10063
KU); _Fort Cobb_ (Blair, 1939:129); Mt. Scott (_ibid._). Texas: 6
mi. E Coahoma (Blair, 1938:3); 6 mi. southwest of Muleshoe
(_ibid._). Kansas: Coolidge (18462 KU).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS MALLURUS (Thomas).

1898. _L[epus]. n[uttalli]. mallurus_ Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 2(ser. 7):320, October, type from Raleigh, Wake County,
North Carolina.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
45:323, June 15.

1837. _Lepus sylvaticus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:403, no type or type locality. Name given to the
"common gray rabbit" of the eastern United States and probably
with particular reference to the animal in South Carolina. Name
preoccupied by _Lepus borealis sylvaticus_ Nilson, 1832, from
Sweden.

_Marginal records._--Connecticut: Bear Mountain (Goodwin, 1935:163),
south along coast to Florida: Lake Julian (Nelson, 1909:168); Rock
Bluff (Sherman, 1936:122). Alabama: Bayou Labatre (A. H. Howell,
1921:71); Leighton (_ibid._). Tennessee (Kellogg, 1939:291):
Arlington; Hornbeak; Highcliff; Watauga Valley. West Virginia:
_Ernshaw_ (Kellogg, 1937:472). Pennsylvania (Nelson, 1909:169):
Waynesburg; Potts Grove. New York: Palenville (_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS MEARNSII (J. A. Allen).

1894. _Lepus sylvaticus mearnsii_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6:171, May 31, type from Fort Snelling, Hennepin County,
Minnesota.

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _floridanus mearnsi_, Lyon,
Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records._--Minnesota: Fertile (Swanson, Surber and
Roberts, 1945:97); Duluth (_ibid._). Michigan: Marquette County
(Burt, 1946:249). Ontario: Lake Simcoe (Miller, 1924:464). Quebec
(Anderson, 1947): Montreal (p. 103); Quebec-side Ottawa River in
Laurentian Hills (p. 104). New York: "eastern New York" (Hamilton,
1943:383). Pennsylvania: Lopez (Nelson, 1909:172). West Virginia: 7
mi. E Phillipi (Kellogg, 1937:473); Gilboa (_ibid._). Illinois:
Sangamon (Nelson, 1909:172). Kansas: Neosho Falls (5104 KU); 1 mi. N
and 1/2 mi. E Lincolnville (12964 KU); _6 mi. SW Clay Center_ (12398
KU); Strawberry (4510 KU). Minnesota: Otter Tail County (Surber,
1932:74).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS ORIZABAE (Merriam).

1893. _Lepus orizabae_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 8:143,
December 29, type from Mt. Orizaba, 9500 ft., Puebla.

1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus orizabae_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:183, August 31.

1903. _Lepus floridanus persultator_ Elliott, Field Columb. Mus.,
publ. 71, zool. ser., 3:147, March 20, type from Puebla, Puebla.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:185).--Coahuila: Sierra
Encarnaci['o]n. Hidalgo: Encarnaci['o]n. Veracruz: _Las Vigas_; Mt.
Orizaba. _Puebla: Chalchicomula_. M['e]xico: Mt. Popocatepetl; Volcano
of Toluca. Guanajuato: Santa Rosa. San Luis Potos['i]: San Luis
Potos['i].

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS RESTRICTUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus floridanus restrictus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from Zapotlan, Jalisco.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:183).--Nayarit: Tepic; Ojo de Agua.
Jalisco: _La Cienega_; _Atenguillo_. Michoac['a]n: Mt. Tanc['i]taro;
P['a]tzcuaro. Jalisco: type locality; Las Canoas; La Laguna.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS ROBUSTUS (V. Bailey).

1905. _Lepus pinetus robustus_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:159,
October 24, type from 6000 ft., Davis Mts., Jeff Davis County,
Texas.

1951. _Sylvilagus floridanus robustus_, Hall and Kelson, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:56, October 1, 1951.

_Marginal records._--Texas: The Bowl, Guadalupe Mts. (Hall and
Kelson, 1951:56); Chisos Mts. (Nelson, 1909:195); 35 mi. S Marfa
(_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS RUSSATUS (J. A. Allen).

1904. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _russatus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:31, February 29, type from Pasa Nueva,
southern Veracruz.

1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus russatus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:186, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:187).--Veracruz: Catemaco;
Coatzacoalcos; _Minatitlan_; type locality; _Jimba_ (KU 19895).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS SIMILIS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus floridanus similis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from Valentine, Cherry County,
Nebraska.

_Marginal records._--Manitoba: Dauphin (Anderson and Rand, 1943:24).
Minnesota: Ten Mile Lake (Surber, 1932:74). Nebraska: Neligh
(Nelson, 1909:174). Kansas: _Long Island_ (_ibid._); 3 mi. N and 2
mi. W Hoisington (16509 KU); Lane County (5520 KU); Elkader (5595
KU). Colorado: Arvada (Cary, 1911:158). Wyoming: 6400 ft., 3 mi. E
Horse Creek, P. O. (15936 KU). Nebraska: 8 mi. E Chadron (39380 KU).
Montana: _Little Missouri River, 7 mi. NE Albion_ (Hall and Kelson,
1951:52); Box Elder Creek, 25 mi. SW Sykes (_ibid._). North Dakota:
Oakdale (Bailey, 1927:134).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS SUBCINCTUS (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus subcinctus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 386, October 5, type from Hacienda El Molino,
near Negrete, Michoac['a]n.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus subcinctus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll.,
45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:181).--Jalisco: Lagos. Guanajuato:
Ac['a]mbaro. Michoac['a]n: _Querendaro_. Jalisco: _Ameca_; Etzatl['a]n.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS YUCATANICUS (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus yucatanicus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 384, September 29, type from M['e]rida, Yucat['a]n.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus yucatanicus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:191).--Yucat['a]n: Progreso; type
locality. Campeche: Campeche.

=Sylvilagus transitionalis= (Bangs)

New England Cottontail

1895. _Lepus sylvaticus transitionalis_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., 26:405, January 31, type from Liberty Hill, New London
County, Connecticut.

1909. _Sylvilagus transitionalis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:195,
August 31.

_Marginal records._--Vermont: west side at Canadian boundary
(Osgood, F. L., Jr., 1938:440); Montpelier (_ibid._). Maine:
Sagadahoc County (Palmer, 1944:194); _Androscoggin County_
(_ibid._). New York: Miller Place (Nelson, 1909:199). Virginia:
Roanoke County (Llewellyn and Handley, 1946:385). North Carolina:
Roan Mtn. (Nelson, 1909:199). Georgia: Brasstown Bald Mtn. (A. H.
Howell, 1921:71). Alabama: Erin (_ibid._); Ardell (_ibid._).
Tennessee: Walden Ridge, "near" Soddy (Kellogg, 1939:291). West
Virginia: Ronceverte (Kellogg, 1937:473). Pennsylvania: Renovo
(Nelson, 1909:199). New York: Lake George (_ibid._).

Total length, 388; tail, 39; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 52. Upper parts almost pinkish buff, varying to almost ochraceous buff; back overlaid by a distinct black wash giving a penciled effect; anterior extension of supraorbital process obsolete or short and closely appressed to orbital rim; tympanic bullae small, smaller than in any subspecies of _S. floridanus_ in the United States. _S. transitionalis_ is a forest-inhabiting species--more so than is _S. floridanus_.

=Sylvilagus nuttallii=

Nuttall Cottontail

(See figure 39)

Total length, 350-390; tail, 44-50; hind foot, 88-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-56; weight in Nevada, [MALE] 678, 3 [FEMALE] 928 (868-1032) grams. Hind feet densely covered with long hair; ear short; tympanic bulla of moderate size. In the northern part of its range _S. nuttallii_ occurs principally in the sagebrush areas but it occurs also in the timbered areas of the Transition Life-zone and almost exclusively in timbered areas in the southern part of its range. From _S. floridanus_, _S. nuttallii_ along the eastern margin of its range differs in more slender rostrum, and larger external auditory meatus. In New Mexico and Arizona, _S. nuttallii_ differs from _S. floridanus_ in the posteriorly pointed and un-notched supraoccipital shield and in the posterior extension of the supraorbital process, the tip of which projects free from the braincase or merely lies against the braincase instead of being firmly welded to the side of the skull. From _S. audubonii_, _S. nuttallii_ differs in shorter ears, smaller tympanic bullae and smaller hind legs; _S. nuttallii_ usually occurs at higher elevations, or where the two occur at approximately the same elevation _S. nuttallii_ occurs in wooded or brushy areas and _S. audubonii_ lives on the plains or in relatively open country. Eight females contained an average of 6.1 (4-8) embryos.

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII GRANGERI (J. A. Allen).

1895. _Lepus sylvaticus grangeri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 7:264, August 21, type from Hill City, Black Hills,
Pennington County, South Dakota.

1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:204, August 31.

1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. perplicatus_ Elliott, Field Columb.
Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:255, January 7, type from Hannopee
[= Hannaupah] Canyon, Panamint Mts., Inyo County, California.

_Marginal records._--Alberta: Steveville (Anderson, 1943:25).
Saskatchewan (_ibid._): Cypress Hills; Johnston Lake; Big Muddy Lake.
North Dakota: Goodall (V. Bailey, 1927:137). South Dakota: Custer
(Nelson, 1909:207). Wyoming: 2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15935 KU);
Sherman (Nelson, 1909:207). Colorado: Meeker (Warren, 1942:272). Utah
(Nelson, 1909:207): Mt. Ellen; "Upper Kanab"; Panguitch. Nevada
(Hall, 1946:612): 1/4 mi. W Utah-Nev. boundary, 38[deg] 17' N, 7300
ft.; S end Belted Range, 5 mi. NW Whiterock Spring, 7200 ft.;
Chiatovich Creek, 7000 ft.; 2-1/2 mi. E and 1 mi. S Grapevine Peak,
6700 ft.; Charleston Park, Kyle Ca[~n]on, 8000 ft. California (Orr,
1940:103): Johnson Canyon, 6500 ft.; nr. Woodfords, 5500 ft. Nevada
(Hall, 1946:612): Calvada; Hardscrabble Canyon; Paradise Valley.
Idaho (Davis, 1939:363): S. Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line;
Crane Creek, 15 mi. E Midvale; Lemhi. Montana: 4 mi. W Hamilton
(Jellison, MS); 2 mi. N Moise Lake (_ibid._). Alberta: Cardston
(Anderson, 1947:105).

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII NUTTALLII (Bachman).

1837. _Lepus nuttallii_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
7:345, type locality probably eastern Oregon near mouth of Malheur
River.

1904. _Sylvilagus nuttallii_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:323,
June 15.

_Marginal records._--British Columbia: Anarchist Mtn., Osoyoos
(Cowan, 1940:9). Washington: Kettle Falls (Dalquest, 1941:408).
Idaho: Couer d' Alene (Rust, 1946:322); _Lewiston_ (Davis,
1939:361); Fiddle Creek (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): 5800
ft., Quinn River Crossing; _1/2 mi. S Granite Cr., Granite Mts._;
_Smoke Creek, 9 mi. E California line_; 4-1/2 mi. S Flanigan.
California: Truckee (Orr, 1940:101); _Beckwith_ (_ibid._); Weed
(Orr, 1940:100); Yreka (_ibid._). Oregon (V. Bailey, 1936:107): near
Ashland; Bend; The Dalles. Washington: Grand Dalles (Taylor and
Shaw, 1929:29); Yakima Valley (_ibid._); Douglas (Nelson, 1909:203).

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII PINETIS (J. A. Allen).

1894. _Lepus sylvaticus pinetis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6:348, December 7, type from White Mts., south of Mt. Ord,
Apache County, Arizona, according to Warren (Mammals of Colorado,
1942:270).

1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli pinetis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:207,
August 31.

_Marginal records._--Colorado (Nelson, 1909:210): Arkins; Golden;
Greenhorn Mts. New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Nelson, 1909:211); Willis
(_ibid._); Zuni Mts. (V. Bailey, 1932:60). Arizona: type locality.
Utah (Durrant, MS): 4-1/2 mi. NW Bluff; Block Canyon, 19 mi. SE Moab,
5400 ft.; _5 mi. NE La Sal P. O., 8000 ft._

=Sylvilagus audubonii=

Audubon Cottontail

Total length, 350-420; tail, 45-75; hind foot, 75-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-70; weight of _S. a. vallicola_, 7 [MALE] 912 (835-988), 2 [FEMALE] 1096, 1191 grams. Long hind legs, long ears, sparseness of hair on the ears, shortness of hair on the feet, prominent (upturned) supraorbital process of the skull and much inflated tympanic bullae are characters of this wide-spread species. Embryos in 19 Californian females averaged 3.6 (2-6) per female.

1. _S. a. audubonii_
2. _S. a. vallicola_
3. _S. a. sanctidiegi_
4. _S. a. confinis_
5. _S. a. arizonae_
6. _S. a. warreni_
7. _S. a. baileyi_
8. _S. a. cedrophilus_
9. _S. a. neomexicanus_
10. _S. a. minor_
11. _S. a. goldmani_
12. _S. a. parvulus_ ]

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII ARIZONAE (J. A. Allen).

1877. [_Lepus sylvaticus_] var. _arizonae_ J. A. Allen, Monogr.
North Amer. Rodentia, p. 332, August, type from Beals Spring,
Yavapai Co., Arizona.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni arizonae_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:222, August 31.

1896. _Lepus arizonae major_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557,
June 24, type from Calabasas, Pima County, Arizona.

1904. _Lepus laticinctus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87,
zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Oro Grande, Mohave Desert,
San Bernardino County, California.

1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. rufipes_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus.,
publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Furnace Cr.,
Inyo Co., California.

_Marginal records._--Utah (Durrant, MS): 2 mi. SW Fish Springs;
Holden; 7 mi. SW Tropic. Arizona (Nelson, 1909:225): Seligman; Ft.
Verde; Dos Cabesos. Sonora (Burt, 1938:69): Tecoripa; La Libertad
Ranch. Baja California: San Matias Pass (Nelson, 1909:225).
California: Vallecito (Orr, 1940:126); Fairmont, Antelope Valley
(_ibid._); Little Lake, 3300 ft. (Orr, 1940:125); 5300-5639 ft.,
near Benton (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:614): Arlemont; 4 mi. E
Smith Creek Cave.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII AUDUBONII (Baird).

1858. _Lepus audubonii_ Baird, Mamm. N. Amer., p. 608, July 14, type
from San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:214, August
31.

_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:115).--California: 600 ft., Paines
Creek; Rackerby; Pleasant Valley; Snelling; 2 mi. S mouth Salinas
River, northward not reaching coast again except at San Francisco,
thence around shores of San Francisco Bay to mouth of Carquinez
Straits and northward along western side of Sacramento Valley to
Winslow, 5 mi. W Fruto.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII BAILEYI (Merriam).

1897. _Lepus baileyi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:148,
June 9, type from Spring Creek, east side of Bighorn Basin,
Bighorn County, Wyoming.

1908. _Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi_, Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 22:336.

_Marginal records._--Montana: Great Falls of the Missouri (Nelson,
1909:234). North Dakota: Wade on the Cannonball River (V. Bailey,
1927:138). South Dakota: Corral Draw (Nelson, 1909:234). Nebraska:
Glen (_ibid._). Kansas: 2-1/2 mi. S and 4 mi. W Oberlin (19035 KU);
Wakeeney (1203 KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): Monon; The Cedars;
Quenda [=Querida]; Salida. Wyoming: 1/2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15948
KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): White Rock [2 mi. above Meeker,
6400 ft.]; 20 mi. SW Rangely. Utah (Durrant, MS): 8 mi. S Myton; 6
mi. NW Duchesne; 10 mi. E Mountain Home. Wyoming (Nelson, 1909:234):
Ft. Bridger; Big Piney; Circle. Montana: Stillwater (_ibid._).
Phillips Creek, Montana (Nelson 1909:234) not found.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CEDROPHILUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni cedrophilus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Cactus Flat, 20 mi. N Cliff,
Grant County, New Mexico.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:230).--Arizona: San Francisco Mts.
New Mexico: Gallup; Santa Rosa; Capitan; Ancho; Isleta; Burro Mts.
Arizona: Springerville.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CONFINIS (J. A. Allen).

1898. _Lepus arizonae confinis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 10: 146, April 12, type from Playa Maria, Baja California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni confinis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:220, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:221).--Baja California: type
locality; San Bruno, thence southerly over peninsula to tip.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII GOLDMANI (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus arizonae goldmani_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
17:107, May 18, type from Culiac['a]n, Sinaloa.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni goldmani_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:225,
August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:226).--Sonora: Ortiz; Camoa.
Sinaloa: Bacubirito; type locality.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII MINOR (Mearns).

1896. _Lepus arizonae minor_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557,
June 24, type from El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.

1907. _S[ylvilagus]. a[uduboni]_. minor, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:83, July 22.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:228, unless otherwise noted).--New
Mexico: [12 mi. N] Tularosa. Texas: Kent; Haymond; Langtry. Durango
(Nelson, 1909:229): Inde; Rancho Bailon; R['i]o Campo. Arizona: San
Bernardino Ranch. New Mexico: Red Rock; _Lordsburg_.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII NEOMEXICANUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni neomexicanus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Fort Sumner, Guadalupe
County, New Mexico.

_Marginal records._--Kansas: 1 mi. E Coolidge (12976 KU); Rezeau
Ranch, 5 mi. N Belvidere (13208 KU). Texas: Wichita Falls (Nelson,
1909:236); San Angelo (_ibid._); Adam [=15 mi. E Adams] (Nelson,
1909:236); 28 mi. S Alpine (Borell and Bryant, 1942:39); _15 mi. S
Alpine_, (Hall and Kelson, 1951:57); 7 mi. NE Marfa (Blair,
1940:34); Toyahvale [= 10 mi. S of] (Nelson, 1909:236); McKittrick
Canyon (Davis and Robertson, 1944:271). New Mexico: Roswell (V.
Bailey, 1932:54); Emory Peak (_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII PARVULUS (J. A. Allen).

1904. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _parvulus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, Hidalgo.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni parvulus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:236, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise
noted).--Texas: Llano; San Diego; Rio Grande City. Tamaulipas: El
Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana. San Luis Potos['i]: Rio Verde.
Veracruz: Perote. Puebla: Chalchicomula. Guanajuato: Silao. Durango:
Durango City. Coahuila: Monclova. Texas: Comstock.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII SANCTIDIEGI (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus sanctidiegi_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 51:389, October 5, type from Mexican Boundary
Monument No. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County,
California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni sanctidiegi_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:218, August 31.

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:122): Sespe; Reche Canyon
near Colton; San Felipe Canyon. Baja California (Nelson, 1909:220):
Nachog[:u]ero Valley; Santo Tomas, thence northerly along coast.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII VALLICOLA Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni vallicola_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from San Emigdio Ranch, Kern
County, California.

_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:118, unless otherwise
noted).--California: Fresno Flat (Nelson, 1909:218); Badger
(_ibid._); 2750 ft., Onyx; Tehachapi (Nelson, 1909:218); Mt. Pinos
(Orr, 1940:119), northwesterly, seldom actually reaching coast, to
central Monterey County thence easterly to point of beginning.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII WARRENI Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni warreni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Coventry, Montrose County,
Colorado.

_Marginal records._--Utah: 5250 ft., Willow Creek (Durrant, MS).
Colorado (Nelson, 1909:232): Rifle; Villa Grove; Medano Ranch. New
Mexico: Hondo Canyon (Nelson, 1909:232); Cieneguilla (_ibid._); Juan
Tafoya (Bailey, 1932:59). Arizona (Nelson, 1909:232): Holbrook;
Winslow. Utah: Canesville (_sic_) (Nelson, 1909:232); Wellington
(Durrant, MS).

=Sylvilagus aquaticus=

Swamp Rabbit

Total length, 530-540; tail, 67-71; hind foot, 105-110; length of ear from notch (dry), 63-67. Upper parts blackish brown or reddish brown; underparts with some white; under side of tail white; skull robust; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes joined for their entire length with side of braincase or, in some specimens, with a small foramen between the braincase and the base of the posterior extension of the supraorbital process. This big rabbit is a stronger runner than the smaller marsh rabbit and is easily distinguished from the smaller species by larger size and white, instead of brownish or grayish, underside of the tail.

SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS AQUATICUS (Bachman).

1837. _Lepus aquaticus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
7:319, type locality western Alabama.

1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:270, August
31.

1895. _Lepus aquaticus attwateri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 7:327, November 8, type from Medina River, 18 mi. S San
Antonio, Bexar County, Texas.

1899. _Lepus telmalemonus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 38,
zool. ser., 1:285, May 25, type from Washita River, near
Dougherty, Murray County, Oklahoma.

_Marginal records._--Illinois: 6 mi. N Sesser (Cockrum, 1949:427).
Indiana: Point Township (Harrison and Hickie, 1931:319). Tennessee:
5 mi. W Hornbeak (Kellogg, 1939:292); Henryville (A. H. Howell,
1909:63). Alabama: Huntsville (Nelson, 1909:273); Big Crow Creek
near Stevenson (A. H. Howell, 1921:71). South Carolina: "about" 3
mi. SE Westminster (F. Sherman, 1939:259); "about" 5 mi. W Iva
(_ibid._). Georgia: Fulton County (_ibid._); Lumpkin (Nelson,
1909:273). Alabama: Castleberry (_ibid._). Louisiana: Covington
(Lowery, 1936:32); Kleinpeter (_ibid._). Texas (Nelson, 1909:273):
Sourlake; Richmond; Medina River, 18 mi. SW San Antonio; Gurley.
Oklahoma: 7 mi. NW Stillwater (Blair, 1939:129). Kansas: Crawford
County (8826 KU). Arkansas: along White River near Springdale
(Black, 1936:34). Missouri: 3 mi. SW Udall (Leopold and Hall,
1945:145). Arkansas: White River near Augusta (Dellinger and Black,
1940:190). Missouri: St. Francis River, W of Senath (Nelson,
1909:273).

1. _S. p. palustris_
2. _S. p. paludicola_
3. _S. a. aquaticus_
4. _S. a. littoralis_ ]

SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS LITTORALIS Nelson.

1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:273, August 31, type from Houma, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana.

_Range._--Swamps and marshes along Gulf Coast, wholly within Lower
Austral Life-zone, below 50 ft., from Mobile Bay west to Matagordo
Bay. Inland _Marginal records_.--Alabama: Blakely Island opposite
Mobile (A. H. Howell, 1921:73). Mississippi: Bay St. Louis (Nelson,
1909:275). Louisiana: Rayne (Lowery, 1936:32); Hackberry (Nelson,
1909:275). Texas: Matagorda (Nelson, 1909:275).

=Sylvilagus insonus= (Nelson)

Omilteme Cottontail

(See figure 39)

1904. _Lepus insonus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103,
May 18, type from Omilteme, Guerrero. Known from type locality
only.

1909. _Sylvilagus insonus_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
62:34, January 28 (see Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
100:335, May 26, 1950, for allocation of _S. insonus_ to subgenus
_Sylvilagus_ instead of to subgenus _Tapeti_).

Total length, 435; tail, 42.5; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 61. Color grayish brown above and dingy (not white) below; tail dingy buffy below and dull rusty brown above. The collectors thought that the species was restricted to the forested parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur between 7000 and 10,000 feet altitude in the Mexican state of Guerrero.

1. _Sylvilagus cunicularius insolitas_
2. _Sylvilagus cunicularius pacificus_
3. _Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius_
4. _Sylvilagus graysoni_ ]

=Sylvilagus cunicularius=

Mexican Cottontail

Total length, 485-515; tail, 54-68; hind foot, 108-111; ear from notch (dry), 60-63. Pelage coarse; upper parts brownish gray; skull massive; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes varying from those that project free to those that have the tips, or tips and a considerable part of the processes, attached to the braincase.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS CUNICULARIUS (Waterhouse).

1848. _Lepus cunicularius_ Waterhouse, Nat. Hist. Mammalia, 2:132,
type from Zacualpan (probably in state of M['e]xico).

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:239,
August 31.

1890. _Lepus verae-crucis_ Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 74,
June, type from Las Vigas, Veracruz.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:241).--Hidalgo: Tulancingo.
Veracruz: Las Vigas; Orizaba. Oaxaca: Mt. Zempoaltepec; Suchixtepec.
Guerrero: Chilpancingo. Michoac['a]n (Hall and Villa, 1949:469).
P['a]tzcuaro; Tanc['i]taro.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS INSOLITUS (J. A. Allen).

1890. _Lepus insolitus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
3:189, December 10, type from plains of Colima, Jalisco.

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius insolitus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna,
29:243, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:244).--Sinaloa: Mazatlan; Rosario;
Esquinapa. Nayarit: Acaponeta. Colima: Colima; Armeria, thence
northward along Pacific Coast.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS PACIFICUS (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus veraecrucis pacificus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:104, May 18, type from Acapulco, Guerrero.

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius pacificus_, Lyon and Osgood, Catal.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:35, January 28.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:242).--Guerrero: El Lim['o]n. Oaxaca:
Llano Grande, thence westward along Pacific Coast.

=Sylvilagus graysoni= (J. A. Allen)

Tres Marias Cottontail

1877. _Lepus graysoni_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, p.
347, August, type from Tres Marias Islands, Jalisco; probably
Mar['i]a Madre Island. (See Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14:16, April 29,
1899.)

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _graysoni_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:245): Mar['i]a Madre Island; Mar['i]a
Magdalena Island.

Total length, 480; tail, 51; hind foot, 99; ear from notch (dry), 57. This insular species is closely related to _Sylvilagus cunicularius_ of the adjacent mainland but has notably shorter ears and more reddish on the upper parts, sides and legs; the skull is slenderer, especially in the rostral region. The posterior extensions of the supraorbital process are united to the braincase throughout most of their length as in _Sylvilagus palustris_. The species seems to have a narrow vertical range, occurring from sea level up to only 200 feet.

Genus LEPUS Linnaeus--Hares and Jack Rabbits

Revised by Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:59-158, August 31, 1909.
Concerning Shamel's (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:25, May 12,
1942) proposed changes of names for several species, see Hall, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1, 1951.

1758. _Lepus_ Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 1:57. Type _Lepus
timidus_ Linnaeus.

1895. _Macrotolagus_ Mearns, Science, n. s., 1:698, June 21. Type,
_Lepus alleni_ Mearns. (See Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:552,
June 24, 1896.)

1904. _Poecilolagus_ Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:395, June 15.
Type, _Lepus americanus_ Erxleben.

1904. _Lagos_ Palmer. N. Amer. Fauna, 23:361, January 23. Type,
_Lepus arcticus_ Ross. _Lagos_ J. Brooks, a catalogue of the
anatomical and zoological museum, pt. 1, p. 54, July, 1828,
appears to be a _nomen nudum_.

1911. _Boreolepus_ Barrett-Hamilton, History of the British
Mammalia, pt. 9, p. 160, November 17. Type, _Lepus groenlandicus_
Rhoads. (For status see Sutton and Hamilton, Mem. Carnegie Mus.,
12 (pt. 2, sec. 1):78, August 4, 1932; also A. H. Howell, Jour.
Mamm., 17:331, November 16.)

Total length, 363-664; tail, 25-112; hind foot, 112-189; ear from notch (dry), 62-144. Upper parts grayish, brownish or black; interparietal bone fused to surrounding bones; cervical vertabrae long, 2nd and 3rd being longer than wide; transverse processes of lumbar vertabrae long, the longest one equal to the length of the centrum to which it is attached plus half of the length of the preceding centrum; free extremity of transverse process of lumbar vertebra considerably expanded; distance from anterior edge of acetabulum to extreme anterior point of ilium less than distance from former point to most distant point of ischium; ulna reduced in size along middle part of shaft, and, excepting the lower extremity, placed almost entirely behind radius.

All members of the genus _Lepus_ are technically hares, as these are defined in the account of the family Leporidae. The largest members of the order Lagomorpha are members of the genus _Lepus_. No domestic strains have been developed but effort in this direction might be profitable, in as much as the so-called Belgian hares of the related genus, _Oryctolagus_, have done well in captivity.

In the past it has been customary to recognize two or more subgenera of the genus _Lepus_. The species are a less diverse lot than those in some other genera, however, and it seems that no useful purpose is served by recognizing subgenera. Accordingly, the several names proposed for this purpose are arranged here as synonyms of the generic name _Lepus_ Linnaeus.

The introduction of the European Hare (_Lepus europaeus_) into the eastern part of the North American Continent has been successful in the sense that the animal is multiplying. If it continues to increase, the increase almost certainly will be at the expense of some native species of rabbit. This circumstance and the unfortunate consequences of the introduction of the European rabbit (_Oryctolagus cuniculus_) in New Zealand (see Wodzicki, 1950:107-141) and Australia (see Stead, 1925:355-358) give basis for effort to exterminate the alien species before it spreads more widely.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPUS

1. North of 34[deg] N latitude.

2. All white pelage (tips of ears sometimes black).

3. North of line from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to Halifax,
Nova Scotia.

4. Basilar length of skull more than 67; ear from notch usually
more than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing
an arch of a circle the radius of which is more than 9.6 mm.

5. Geographic range east of Mackenzie River.
_Lepus arcticus_, p. 178

5'. Geographic range west of Mackenzie River.
_Lepus othus_, p. 177

4'. Basilar length of skull less than 67; ear from notch usually
less than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing
an arch of a circle the radius of which is less than 9.6 mm.
_Lepus americanus_, p. 173

3'. South of a line from Port Simpson, British Columbia to Halifax,
Nova Scotia.

5. Ear from notch more than 82 dry (87 fresh); least
interorbital breadth more than 26
_Lepus townsendii_, p. 180

5'. Ear from notch less than 82 dry (87 fresh); least
interorbital breadth less than 26
_Lepus americanus_, p. 173

2'. Brownish or grayish pelage.

6. Tail blackish or brownish all around (in specimens not
having completed molt on tail, white winter pelage may be
present); basilar length less than 67 mm.
_Lepus americanus_, p. 173

6'. Tail partly or wholly white.

7. Tail black on upper surface.

8. Upper sides of hind feet without a trace of white;
upper parts tawny.
_Lepus europaeus_, p. 189

8'. Upper sides of hind feet with more or less white or
whitish; upper parts grayish or brownish
_Lepus californicus_, p. 181

7'. Tail all white or (in some _Lepus townsendii_) with
faint buffy or dusky median line on top but this line
not extending on to rump (as in _L. californicus_).

9. Geographic range north of a line from Port Simpson,
British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia.

10. Geographic range east of Mackenzie River
_Lepus arcticus_, p. 178

10'. Geographic range west of Mackenzie River
_Lepus othus_, p. 177

9'. Geographic range south of a line from Port Simpson,
British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia
_Lepus townsendii_, p. 180

1'. South of 34[deg] N latitude.

11. In state of Tamaulipas, M['e]xico.
_Lepus californicus_, p. 181

11'. Range outside Tamaulipas, M['e]xico.

12. Ears with terminal black patch (on outside).
_Lepus californicus_ and _Lepus insularis_,
pp. 181, 186

12'. Ears without terminal black patch.

13. Ear from notch, dry more than 130 (137
fresh),
_Lepus alleni_, p. 188

13'. Ear from notch, dry less than 130 (137
fresh).

14. Nape more or less black.

15. Ears yellow; range Pacific Coastal
region of Isthmus of Tehuantepec in
southern Oaxaca and Chiapas.
_Lepus flavigularis_, p. 188

15'. Ears dark buff, grayish, white and
black; range north of Isthmus of
Tehuantepec.
_Lepus callotis_, p. 186

14'. Nape gray or grayish buff.
_Lepus gaillardi_, p. 188

Guide to subspecies:

1. _L. a. dalli_
2. _L. a. macfarlani_
3. _L. a. americanus_
4. _L. a. pallidus_
5. _L. a. columbiensis_
6. _L. a. cascadensis_
7. _L. a. washingtoni_
8. _L. a. klamathensis_
9. _L. a. tahoensis_
10. _L. a. pineus_
11. _L. a. oregonus_
12. _L. a. bairdii_
13. _L. a. seclusus_
14. _L. a. phaenotus_
15. _L. a. struthopus_
16. _L. a. virginianus_ ]

=Lepus americanus=

American Varying Hare

Total length, 363-520; tail, 25-55; hind foot, 112-150; ear from notch (dry), 62-70. Upper parts brownish or dusky grayish; hind feet brownish or white depending on subspecies; winter pelage white except in certain populations along Pacific Coast; basilar length less than 67; first upper incisors inscribing an arc of a circle the radius of which is less than 9.6 mm. There are two to six young in a litter according to Orr (1940:59).

LEPUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS Erxleben.

1777. [_Lepus_] _americanus_ Erxleben, Systema Regni Animalis ...,
1:330, type locality Hudson Bay, Canada.

1778. _Lepus hudsonius_ Pallas, Glires, p. 30, type locality not
stated.

1790. _Lepus nanus_ Schreber, S[:a]:a]ugethiere, 4:880-885, pl. 234B, a
composite of _Lepus americanus_ and _Sylvilagus floridanus_. No
type or type locality designated. Range given as from Hudson Bay
to Florida.

1899. _Lepus bishopi_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
12:11, March 4, type from Mill Lake, Turtle Mts., North Dakota
(inseparable from _L. a. americanus_ according to V. Bailey, N.
Amer. Fauna, 49:138, January 8, 1927 [not December, 1926]).

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:89, unless otherwise
noted).--Keewatin: Hudson Bay (Anderson, 1947:100). Ontario: Fort
Severn (Nelson, 1909:88); around shore of Hudson Bay to approximately
56[deg] N thence to Ungava: Fort Chimo. Labrador: Hamilton Inlet.
Ontario: North Bay of Lake Nipissing; Michipicoten Island; Isle Royal
(Anderson, 1947:100). Manitoba: Dog Lake. Saskatchewan: Indian Head.
North Dakota (V. Bailey, 1927:139): Mill Lake, Turtle Mts.; Grafton;
"near" Fargo; Elbowoods; Buford. Saskatchewan: Battle Creek (Soper,
1946:149). Alberta: Red Deer; 50 mi. N Edmonton; Fort Chipewyan;
Govt. Hay Camp, Slave River (Soper, 1942:140).

LEPUS AMERICANUS BAIRDII Hayden.

1869. _Lepus bairdii_ Hayden, Amer. Nat., 3:115, May, type locality
Columbia Valley, Wind River Mts., Fremont County, Wyoming.

1875. [_Lepus americanus_] var. _bairdii_, J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., 17:431, February 17.

_Marginal records._--British Columbia: Elko (Anderson, 1947:100);
Waterton Lakes Nat'l Park (_ibid._). Montana (Nelson, 1909:112):
Fort Benton; Big Snowy Mts. Wyoming: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale
(15924 KU); 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak (17603 KU). Colorado: Boulder Co.
(Nelson, 1909:112). New Mexico: 10,500 ft., Agua Fria Mtn. (Hill,
1942:82); Pecos Baldy (V. Bailey, 1932:45); Chama (_ibid._). Utah
(Durrant, MS unless otherwise noted): 18 mi. SE Manila; _30 mi. N
Fort Duchesne_; _23 mi. N Fruitland_; 21 mi. N Escalante; 10 mi. E
Marysvale; City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake City (Barnes, 1927:145).
Idaho (Dalquest, 1942:181): Pocatello; _Payette_; Cuddy Mtn.;
_Weippe_; Bitterroot Valley. _British Columbia: Newgate_ (Anderson,
1947:100).

LEPUS AMERICANUS CASCADENSIS Nelson.

1907. _Lepus bairdi cascadensis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 20:87, December 11, type from Roab's ranch, near Hope,
British Columbia.

1935. _Lepus americanus cascadensis_, Racey and Cowan, Rep't Prov.
Mus. British Columbia, 1935:H28.

_Marginal records_ (Dalquest, 1942:177, unless otherwise
noted).--British Columbia: type locality; Fairview-Keremeos Summit
(Anderson, 1947:101). Washington: Lake Chelan; Trout Lake; Vance;
_Mt. Rainier_; Entiat River, 20 mi. from mouth. British Columbia:
Alta Lake.

LEPUS AMERICANUS COLUMBIENSIS Rhoads.

1895. _Lepus americanus columbiensis_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, p. 242, July 2, type from Vernon, British Columbia.

_Marginal records._--Alberta: Banff Nat'l Park (Anderson, 1947:101);
Jasper Nat'l Park (_ibid._). British Columbia: Creston (Dalquest,
1942:182). Washington: Republic (Dalquest, 1948:385); Moulson
(Dalquest, 1942:182). British Columbia: Cottonwood Post Office
(Dalquest, 1942:182); Indianpoint Lake (_ibid._).

LEPUS AMERICANUS DALLI Merriam.

1900. _Lepus americanus dalli_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,
2:29, March 14, type from Nulato, Alaska.

_Marginal records._--Noatak River (Bailey and Hendee, 1926:21);
Upper St. John River (Rausch, 1950:466); Koyukuk (Nelson, 1909:102);
Anvik (_ibid._); Yukon Delta (_ibid._); thence northerly, in
suitable habitat, along coast to Noatak River.

LEPUS AMERICANUS KLAMATHENSIS Merriam.

1899. _Lepus klamathensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16:100, October
28, type from head of Wood River, near Fort Klamath, Klamath
County, Oregon.

1936. _Lepus americanus klamathensis_, V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna,
55:95, August 29.

_Marginal records._--Oregon (Dalquest, 1942:176): Mt. Hood; mouth
Davis Creek. California (Orr, 1940:53): vicinity Fort Bidwell; 3000
ft., Rush Creek, 12 mi. from [N of] Weaverville. _Oregon: Estacada_
(Dalquest, 1942:176).

LEPUS AMERICANUS MACFARLANI Merriam.

1900. _Lepus americanus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad.
Sci., 2:30, March 14, type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of
Anderson River, Mackenzie.

1900. _Lepus saliens_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:39, October 6, type
from Caribou Crossing, between Lake Bennett and Lake Tagish,
Yukon.

1907. ? _Lepus niediecki_ Matschie, Niedieck's Kreuzfahrten im
Beringmeer, p. 240, type locality Kasilof Lake, Kenai Peninsula,
Alaska.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:100, unless otherwise
noted).--Mackenzie: type locality; Fort Franklin; Fort Rae; Fort
Resolution; Fort Smith. British Columbia: Peace River and Alaska
Highway (Anderson, 1947:101); Bennett. Alaska: Cordova (Philip,
1939:84); Mills Creek (_ibid._); Lake Clark; E. Fork Kuskokwim River
(Dice, 1921:27); head N. Fork Kuskokwim (_ibid._); Fort Yukon.
Yukon: Russell Mts.

LEPUS AMERICANUS OREGONUS Orr.

1934. _Lepus bairdii oregonus_ Orr, Jour. Mamm., 15:152, May 15,
type from 12 mi. S Canyon City, 5500 ft., Grant County, Oregon.

1942. _Lepus americanus oregonus_, Dalquest, Jour. Mamm., 23:179,
June 3.

_Marginal records._--Oregon (Dalquest, 1942:180): 22 mi. N
Enterprise; _Wallowa Lake_; _summit of Blue Mts._; Ochoco Nat'l
Forest, Harney County.

1938. _Lepus americanus pallidus_ Cowan, Jour. Mamm., 19:242, May
12, type from Chezacut Lake, Chiloctin River, British Columbia.

LEPUS AMERICANUS PALLIDUS Cowan.

_Marginal records._--British Columbia: 23 mi. N Hazelton (Dalquest, 1942:183); Berg Lake (_ibid._); Quesnel (Cowan, 1938:243); Lac La Hache (_ibid._); Bonaparte River, 5 days N Ashcroft (Dalquest, 1942:183); Kimsquit, Dean Channel (Anderson, 1947:102); Hazelton (Dalquest, 1942:183).

LEPUS AMERICANUS PHAEONOTUS J. A. Allen.

1899. _Lepus americanus phaeonotus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 12:11, March 4, type from Hallock, Kittson County,
Minnesota.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:96, unless otherwise
noted).--Manitoba: Selkirk Settlement. Ontario: Lake of the Woods
(Anderson, 1947:102); Rainy Lake. Michigan: Houghton; Chippewa
County (Burt, 1946:244); Presque Isle County (_ibid._); Wayne County
(_ibid._); Jackson County (_ibid._); Allegan County (_ibid._).
Wisconsin: Rhinelander; St. Croix River, Douglas Co. Minnesota: Elk
River; Moores Lake; Warren; St. Vincent. Saskatchewan: Glen Ewen
(Soper, 1946:149). Manitoba: Carberry (Anderson, 1947:102).

LEPUS AMERICANUS PINEUS Dalquest.

1942. _Lepus americanus pineus_ Dalquest, Jour. Mamm., 23:178, June
3, type from Cedar Mtn., Latah County, Idaho.

_Marginal records._--British Columbia (Anderson, 1947:102): Trail;
Nelson Range south of Creston. Idaho (Dalquest, 1942:179): 5 mi. W
Cocolalla; Troy. Washington (Dalquest, 1942:179): Blue Mts.,
Columbia County; _Marcus_. _British Columbia_: _Rossland_ (Anderson,
1947:102).

LEPUS AMERICANUS SECLUSUS Baker and Hankins.

1950. _Lepus americanus seclusus_ Baker and Hankins, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 63:63, May 25, type from 12 mi. E and 2 mi. N
Shell, 7900 ft., Bighorn Mts., Big Horn County, Wyoming. Type
locality is only precise locality.

LEPUS AMERICANUS STRUTHOPUS Bangs.

1898. _Lepus americanus struthopus_ Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12:81, March 24, type from Digby, Nova Scotia.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:92, unless otherwise
noted).--Newfoundland (introduced in 1864): Bay of Islands; Bay of
St. George. Nova Scotia: type locality. Maine: Bucksport. Quebec:
south of St. Lawrence River (Anderson, 1947:102). New Brunswick:
Andover. Prince Edward Island: Alberton. Quebec: Grosse Isle,
Magdalen Islands.

LEPUS AMERICANUS TAHOENSIS Orr.

1933. _Lepus washingtonii tahoensis_ Orr, Jour. Mamm., 14:54,
February 14, type from 1/2 mi. S Tahoe Tavern, Placer County,
California.

1942. [_Lepus americanus_] _tahoensis_, Dalquest, Jour. Mamm.,
23:176, June 3.

_Marginal records._--California: vic. Mineral (Orr, 1940:56).
Nevada: 350 yards NE junction of Nevada state line and N shore Lake
Tahoe (Hall, 1946:601). California: Niagara Creek (Orr, 1940:55);
Cisco (Orr, 1940:56).

LEPUS AMERICANUS VIRGINIANUS Harlan.

1825. _Lepus virginianus_ Harlan, Fauna Americana, p. 196, type
locality Blue Mountains, northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

1875. _Lepus americanus_ var. _virginianus_, J. A. Allen, Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 17:431, February 17.

1825. _Lepus wardii_ Schinz, Das Thierreich ..., 4:428, based on the
varying hare of the southern part of the United States (Warden, D.
B., in A statistical, political, and historical account of the
United States of North America ..., 1:233, 1819).

1845. _Lepus borealis_ Schinz, Synopsis Mammalium, 2:286-287. No
type or type locality mentioned. From Virginia and the
Alleghenies.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:94, unless otherwise
noted).--Quebec (Anderson, 1947:103): Ottawa River; Megantic County.
Maine: _Greenville_ (Nelson, 1909:95); Sebec Lake (_ibid._); Mt.
Desert Island (Manville, 1942:397). _Massachusetts_: _Concord_;
_Middleboro_. _Rhode Island_: _Washington County_. New York: Locust
Grove. Pennsylvania: type locality. Tennessee: White Rock (Kellogg,
1939:289). Ohio: Ashtabula Co. (Bole and Moulthrop, 1942:174).
Ontario: Holland Riv. (Snyder and Logier, 1930:180).

LEPUS AMERICANUS WASHINGTONII Baird.

1855. _Lepus washingtonii_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Steilacoom, Washington.

1875. _Lepus americanus_ var. _washingtoni_, J. A. Allen, Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 18:431, February 17.

_Marginal records_ (Dalquest, 1942:175, unless otherwise
noted).--British Columbia (Nelson, 1909:107): Sumas; Chilliwack.
Washington: _Mt. Vernon_; Lake Kapowsin; White Salmon. Oregon: Drew;
Florence; _Tillamook_. Washington: Sekiu River.

=Lepus othus=

Alaskan Hare

Total length, 565-690; tail, 53-104; hind foot, 147-189; ear from notch (dry), 75-78. Color brownish in summer; white in winter; but tips of ears always black. General comparisons indicate that this is the species which, in Eurasia, bears the name _Lepus timidus_.

LEPUS OTHUS OTHUS Merriam.

1900. _Lepus othus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:28,
March 14, type from St. Michael, Norton Sound, Alaska.

_Marginal records._--Alaska (A. H. Howell, 1936:334): Kotzebue
Sound; mts. NW Nulato River; Akiak; 75 mi. below Bethel; thence N
along coast.

LEPUS OTHUS POADROMUS Merriam.

1900. _Lepus poadromus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:29,
March 14, type from Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska.

1936. _Lepus othus poadromus_, A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:334,
November 16.

_Marginal records._--Alaska (A. H. Howell, 1936:335): Nushagak;
Kawatna Bay, Shelikof Strait; _Cold Bay_; _Chignik_; _type
locality_; _Sand Point_; 15 mi. W Pavlof Mtn.

=Lepus arcticus=

Arctic Hare

Revised by A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:315-332, November 16, 1936.
For the taxonomic status of the technical names _arcticus_ and
_glacialis_ see Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:234-235, March, 1896;
Merriam, Science, n. s., 3:564-565, April 10, 1896; Rhoads,
Science, n. s., 3:843-845, June 5, 1896; Merriam, Science, n. s.,
3:845, June 5, 1896.

Total length, 480-678; tail, 34-80; hind foot, 132-174; ear from notch (dry), 70-84. Upper parts gray in summer in southern subspecies; in others white; in winter white in all subspecies, except black tips of ears. Weights of lean individuals reach 12 pounds. Hopping on the hind feet without touching the forefeet to the ground has repeatedly been recorded for this species. There are four to eight young in a litter.

1. _L. o. othus_
2. _L. o. poadromus_
3. _L. a. groenlandicus_
4. _L. a. porsildi_
5. _L. a. monstrabilis_
6. _L. a. arcticus_
7. _L. a. andersoni_
8. _L. a. labradorius_
9. _L. a. bangsi_ ]

LEPUS ARCTICUS ARCTICUS Ross.

1819. _Lepus arcticus_ Ross, Voyage of Discovery, ed. 2, vol. 2,
appendix 4, p. 151, type locality Possession Bay, Bylot Island,
lat. 73[deg] 37' N.

1819. _Lepus glacialis_ Leach, in Ross, Voyage of Discovery, ed. 2,
vol. 2, p. 170, type locality same as for _Lepus arcticus_ Ross.

_Marginal records._--Franklin: type locality; Egukjuak, 8 mi. E Pond
Inlet, Baffin Island (A. H. Howell, 1936:322); W coast Baffin
Island, 67[deg] 30' (Anderson, 1947:96); Winter Island, Melville
Peninsula (A. H. Howell, 1936:321); Repulse Bay, Melville Peninsula
(_ibid._)

LEPUS ARCTICUS ANDERSONI Nelson.

1934. _Lepus arcticus andersoni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 47:85, March 8, type from Cape Barrow, Coronation
Gulf, Northwest Territory.

_Marginal records_ (A. H. Howell, 1936:328).--Franklin: Cape
Kellett, Banks Island; Cambridge Bay, Victoria Island. Mackenzie:
Bathurst Inlet; Backs River near Lake Beechey; Lake Hanbury; Fort
Rae; Fort Anderson.

LEPUS ARCTICUS BANGSII Rhoads.

1896. _Lepus arcticus bangsii_ Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:253[=236 of
March issue], author's separates (preprints) published February
20, 1896, type from Codroy, Newfoundland.

_Marginal records_ (A. H. Howell, 1936:327).--Labrador: Hopedale;
Makkovik. Newfoundland: Saint Johns; type locality; Mt. St. Gregory.

LEPUS ARCTICUS GROENLANDICUS Rhoads.

1896. _Lepus groenlandicus_ Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:254(=237 of March
issue), author's separates (preprints) issued February 20, type
from Robertson Bay, NW Greenland.

1934. [_Lepus arcticus_] _groenlandicus_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 47:83, March 8.

1912. _Boreolepus groenlandicus_, Barrett-Hamilton, Hist. British
Mammals, pt. 12, p. 298, October.