Chapter V: Muscles of the Leg and Foot (25)

The external ear differs greatly in size and form in the various breeds; in most it is relatively wide and thin and the greater part of it hangs down over the opening. The anterior border has a prominence (Spina helicis) at its lower part, and below this it divides into two branches (Crura helicis). One of these continues down to a blunt point, while the other turns in to the cavity of the concha. The posterior border forms a pouch below its middle, and is thick and rounded in its basal part. Here the conchal cartilage bears a pointed process (Processus uncinatus), which projects upward and backward. The outer wall of the cavum conchæ is supported by a quadrilateral plate (Tragus) above and a semiannular cartilage below. The concave surface presents several cutaneous folds, and in the cavum conchæ there are ridges and irregular prominences. There are long hairs on the borders, apex, and the folds of the concave surface, but the skin of the cavum conchæ is bare. The annular cartilage is a complete ring. The osseous external auditory meatus is wide and extremely short.

The auricular muscles are thin. The scutularis is extensive and is divisible into interscutularis and fronto-scutularis. It partly covers the occipitalis muscle, which is oval and unpaired and ends in the fascia of the frontal region. The scutulo-auriculares superficiales, inferior et accessorius, and the cervico-scutularis are not differentiated as separate muscles. The cervico-auricularis superficialis and the parieto-auricularis both bifurcate and are inserted into the base of the concha and the scutiform cartilage. The parotido-auricularis is narrow and almost long enough to meet the opposite muscle. The tragicus consists of two parts; of these the lateral one is long and arises from the border of the mandible above the angular process. The helicis and the verticalis auriculæ are well developed.

The tympanic cavity is very roomy, extending ventrally into the large but simple cavity of the bulla ossea. The tympanic membrane is extensive and oval. The promontory is very pronounced. The auditory ossicles are large. The Eustachian tube is short, and has a fibrous outer wall. Its pharyngeal opening is an oblique slit situated on the lateral wall of the naso-pharyngeal meatus, and is margined internally by a thick mucous fold.

The cochlea has three and a half turns and is more sharply pointed than in the ungulates.

THE SKIN AND APPENDAGES

The skin varies greatly in thickness in different breeds. It is remarkably loose on the dorsal aspect of the neck and trunk, where it can be raised in extensive folds. The coat is also subject to extreme variation in length, thickness, color, etc. The hairs are arranged in groups of three to a large extent. The sebaceous glands are best developed in the short and rough haired breeds. They are largest and most numerous at the lips, anus, dorsal surface of the trunk, and sternal region. The sweat glands are relatively better developed in the long and fine haired breeds. The largest are found in the digital pads. Coil glands occur in the skin of the muzzle, the perineum, and the paranal pouches.

On the flexion surface of the carpus and digit there are hairless, cushion-like pads. The carpal pad (Torus carpalis) is situated medial and distal to the accessory carpal bone. The metacarpal and metatarsal pads (Torus metacarpalis, metatarsalis) are the largest and are situated behind the distal ends of the metacarpal or metatarsal bones and the greater part of the first phalanges. They are somewhat heart-shaped, with two unequal lateral lobes, and the apex distal. The metapodiophalangeal joints rest on them when the paw supports the weight. The digital pads (Tori digitales) are oval and are much smaller; they similarly support the second digital joints. That of the first digit is small on the fore limb, and usually absent from the hind limb. Each receives two suspensory bands from the tubercles at the distal end of the corresponding second phalanx. The pads have a basis of fibro-elastic tissue and fat, which is intimately adherent to the skin and is connected by trabeculæ with the bones and tendons. The epidermis is thick and largely keratinized, and is studded with numerous rounded papillæ which are readily seen with the naked eye. The corium has large papillæ, and contains sweat glands and lamellar corpuscles.

The =claws= (Ungues) correspond in form to the ungual part of the distal phalanges which they inclose. The horn of the claw consists of a body or wall and a sole. The former is strongly curved in both directions, and is compressed laterally. Its root or coronary border fits into the depression under the bony collar or ungual crest of the third phalanx and is covered by skin. The lateral borders converge and inclose the sole anteriorly. The matrix presents a coronary part which bears papillæ only near the coronary border. On the dorsal surface it is thickened to form a ridge, and the corresponding part of the horny covering is thick and maintains the pointed character of the claw. The matrix of the sides of the wall bears small laminæ which converge to the matrix of the sole. The latter is papillated. When the flexor muscles are inactive, the distal phalanges and the claws are maintained in dorsal flexion by two elastic ligaments. These arise from the tubercles at the proximal end of the second phalanx and converge to the dorsal aspect of the ungual crest of the third phalanx.

FIG. 587.—PADS OF PAW OF DOG.

_a_, Carpal pad; _b_, metacarpal pad; _c^1-c^5_, digital pads. (From
Leisering’s Atlas.)
]

FIG. 588.—HALF OF CLAW OF DOG, INNER SURFACE.

_a_, _a′_, Coronary part, _b_, volar part of wall; _c_, sole; _d_,
section of _c_; _e_, section of wall; _1_, coronary border; _2_,
apex; _3_, dorsal surface. (From Leisering’s Atlas.)
]

OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY ORGANS

The =olfactory region= lies above the lamina transversa, which separates it from the naso-pharyngeal meatus. The mucous membrane is distinguished by its thickness and yellow color, and is very extensive. It covers about half of the large ethmoturbinals, and one-third to one-half of the septum nasi. The ethmoturbinal which projects into the frontal sinus and the adjacent inner wall of the sinus is olfactory in character. Olfactory nerve-fibers ramify in the vomero-nasal organ (of Jacobson).

The gustatory apparatus presents no special features of importance.

INDEX

Abdomen, muscles of, 245
of dog, 326
of pig, 313
muscles of, 301, 313

Abdominal aorta, 536
branches of, 566
of dog, 638
artery, anterior, 541
posterior, 579
subcutaneous, 580
cavity of horse, 352
of ox, 390
fascia of horse, 245
muscles of dog, 326
of horse, 245
of pig, 301, 313
panniculus, 245
plexuses, 713
tunic of horse, 245
of pig, 313
veins, 598

Abducent nerve, 683

Abduction of joints, 172

Abductor cruris posterior muscle, 327
digiti quinti muscle, 324, 329
hallucis muscle, 329
pollicis brevis et opponens pollicis muscle, 324

Abomasum of ox, 390, 392 cavity of, 396
of sheep, 409

Accelerator urinæ, 499

Accessory carpal bone, 84
fibro-cartilage of patella, 105
organs, 330
pancreatic duct of dog, 431
of horse, 373
pillars of rumen, 393
spleens of horse, 379
thyroids of dog, 468
of horse, 458
of ox, 464

Acetabular angle, 94, 96
fossa, 96
notch, 96

Acetabulum of dog, 167
of horse, 96
of ox, 131
of pig, 148

Acromion of dog, 162
of ox, 127

Adduction of joints, 172

Adductor brevis muscle of horse, 282
digiti quinti muscle of dog, 324
secunda muscle of dog, 324
hallucis muscle of dog, 329
longus muscle of horse, 282
magnus muscle of horse, 282

Adductor muscle of dog, 328
of horse, 282
of ox, 308
of pig, 316
parvus muscle of horse, 282
pollicis muscle of dog, 324

Aditus laryngis of horse, 447

Adrenal bodies of dog, 484
of horse, 477
structure of, 478
of ox, 481
of sheep, 481
plexus, 714

Adventitia of seminal vesicles, 492
of vas deferens, 489

Æquator lentis, 746

Æsthesiology, 734

Air-cells of lungs, 457

Alæ nasi, 436

Alar canal, 51
cartilage, 437
of ox, 459
fold, 437
foramen, 68

Alimentary canal, 330

Alveolar arch, superior, 69
artery, inferior, 552
of dog, 635
of pig, 627
border of mandible, 64
ducts of lungs, 457
nerve of dog, 729
of horse, 681, 682
periosteum of teeth, 339
tuberosity of horse, 69
vein, 589
inferior, 587

Alveoli of horse, 58
of lungs of horse, 457
of thyroid gland of horse, 458

Alveus, 669

Amphiarthroses, 172

Ampulla ductus deferentis, 489
of semicircular canals, 758
of uterus of bitch, 523
recti of horse, 370

Amygdaloid nucleus, 676

Anal glands of dog, 432
lymph glands, 605
of ox, 626
of pig, 632
sacs of dog, 432

Anastomosis of arteries, 524

Anatomy, 17
gross, 17
macroscopic, 17
microscopic, 17
philosophical, 17
special, 17

Anatomy, systematic, 17, 18
topographic, 17, 18
veterinary, 17

Anconeus muscle, 262
of pig, 315

Angiology, 524

Angle, duodenal, of horse, 372
of mandible, 64
splenic, 372

Angular artery of eye, 550
of ox, 611
movements of joints, 171
process of mandible of dog, 159

Annular cartilage of ear, 748
ligament, 212
anterior, of horse, 263
of manus of horse, 263
of pelvic limb of horse, 274
posterior, of carpus of horse, 263

Annulus tympanicus, 753

Ansate fissure of dog, 726

Anterior angle of pancreas, 372
of scapula, 76
annular ligament of horse, 263
aorta, 537
aperture of thoracic cavity, 450
fossa of skull, 70
nares, 436

Antero-external angle of ischium, 95

Antero-internal angle of ischium, 95

Antibrachial artery of dog, 635

Anticlinal vertebræ of horse, 42

Antitragicus muscle, 751

Antitragus, 748

Antrum pylori, 358

Anus of horse, 371
of ox, 400

Aorta, 535
abdominal, 536
branches of, 566
of dog, 638
anterior, 537
arch of, 535
of ox, 609
of pig, 627
thoracic, 536
branches of, 565

Aortic orifice of heart of horse, 533
plexus, 712

Aperture, anterior, of thoracic cavity, 450
of abdominal cavity, 353
pharyngeal, of horse, 447

Apex cæci, 364

Apical lobe of lungs of ox, 462, 463

Aponeuroses, 211

Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle, 246
of internal oblique muscle, 248
of transversus abdominis muscle, 249
pharyngeal, 350

Appendages of skin, 762

Appendix testis, 485
ventriculi laryngis, 447

Aquæductus cochleæ, 759
vestibuli, 758

Aqueduct of cerebrum, 664
of Sylvius, 664

Aqueous humor, 746

Arachnoid granulations, 647

Arachnoidea, 646
spinal, 647

Arch, alveolar, superior, of horse, 69
of aorta, 535
of cricoid cartilage, 441
plantar, 581
venous, 595
zygomatic, 56, 67

Arciform ligaments, 182

Arcuate fibers, external, 657, 658
internal, 658
of cerebellum, 661

Arcus terminalis, 564
venosus plantaris, 599
volaris, 595

Area acustica, 662
of ox, 715
centralis retinæ, 746
cochlæ, 759
parolfactoria, 671
radicularis ventralis, 649
tentorial, 668
vestibularis superior, 759

Arm, bones of, 28
muscles of, 259
of ox, muscles of, 302
of pig, muscles of, 314

Arrectores pilorum, 763

Arterial circle of Willis, 546
plantaris lateralis of ox, 620
reticularis of ox, 615

Arteries or artery, 534, 535
abdominal, anterior, 541
posterior, 579
alveolar, 552
of dog, 635
of pig, 627
anastomosis of, 524
angular, of eye, 550
of ox, 611
antibrachial, of dog, 635
asternal, 541
auricular, 550
of dog, 635
of ox, 611
of pig, 627
posterior, 550
axillary, 556
basilar, 546
bicipital, of dog, 635
brachial, 538, 556
deep, 559
of dog, 633, 635
of ox, 609, 612
of pig, 627
brachiocephalic, 538
of dog, 633
of pig, 627
bronchial, 457, 565
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
broncho-œsophageal, 565
buccinator, 555
of pig, 627
cæcal, 570
carotid, common, 541
of dog, 634
right, 542
external, 547
of ox, 611
internal, 546
of dog, 633, 634
of ox, 610
of pig, 627
central, of retina, 554
cephalic, 541
cerebral, 546
posterior, 546
cerebrospinal, 545
of dog, 634
cervical, deep, 540
inferior, 541
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
of pig, 627
superior, 540
ciliary, 554
circumflex, anterior, 558
external, 577
of ox, 619
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
of scapula, 556
posterior, 556
coccygeal, lateral, 577
middle, 575
of dog, 641
of ox, 618
cœliac, 566
of dog, 638
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
colic, 570
communicating posterior, 546
condyloid, 545
of dog, 634
of ox, 611
coronary, 535, 537
of dog, 632
of ox, 609
cremasteric, 578
dental, 552
inferior, 555
digital, 564
common, 563
of ox, 621
external, of ox, 614, 620
of dog, 637, 641
of pig, 629, 630
dorsal, 538
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
dorso-intercostal, 538
end, 524
ethmoid, 554
external coat, 525
facial, 547
of dog, 635
transverse, 550
femoral, 579
anterior, 580
deep, 580
of dog, 639
of ox, 619
of pig, 630
posterior, 580
femoro-popliteal, 580
frontal, 553
gastric, 506
of dog, 638
gastro-duodenal, 569
gastro-epiploic, 569, 570
gastro-hepatic, of pig, 627
gastro-splenic, of dog, 638
gluteal, anterior, 577
of dog, 641
of ox, 619
posterior, 575
hæmorrhoidal, 594
of dog, 641
hepatic, 377, 567
of dog, 638
of ox, 614
hypogastric, 573
ideal, 570
ileo-cæcal, 570
ileo-cæco-colic, of ox, 617
iliac, circumflex, 578
of dog, 639
external, 578
of ox, 619
internal, 573
of ox, 618
iliaco-femoral, 577
of ox, 619
ilio-lumbar, 577
of dog, 641
of ox, 619
of pig, 630
incisor, 552
infraorbital, 555
of dog, 635
of pig, 627
intercostal, 565
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
internal coat of, 525
interosseous, common, 561
dorsal, 562
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
recurrent, 561
intestinal, 570
intima of, 525
ischiatic, 575
of ox, 619
labial, 549
of ox, 611
superior, 550
lacrimal, 553
laryngeal, of ox, 610
lingual, 548
of dog, 634
of ox, 611
lumbar, 571, 573
of ox, 618
of pig, 629
malar, 555
mammary, 580
of ox, 619
masseteric, inferior, 547
of ox, 612
mastoid, 545
maxillary, external, 547
internal, 551
of ox, 612
of dog, 635
of ox, 611
of pig, 627
maxillo-muscular, 547
median, 559
of ox, 612
meningeal, anterior, 546
middle, 552
of dog, 634
posterior, 545
mental, 552
mesenteric, great, 570
of dog, 638
of ox, 615
of pig, 628, 629
posterior, of ox, 618
small, 571
metacarpal, dorsal, 562
external volar, 562
internal volar, 562
large, 563
of dog, 635, 636, 637
of ox, 614
of pig, 629
palmar, 563
metatarsal, 581
dorsal, 585
of ox, 620
great, 585
internal superficial plantar, 619
of dog, 640, 641
of pig, 630
middle coat of, 525
nasal, 550
of ox, 611
nutrient, of femur, 580
of humerus, 559
of tibia, 581
obturator, 577
of ox, 619
occipital, 544
of dog, 634
of ox, 611
of pig, 627
œsophageal, 565, 567
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
of adrenal bodies of horse, 478
of articulations, 171
of bladder of horse, 477
of bulb, 575
of clitoris, 575
of conjunctiva, 737
of corpus callosum, 546
of dog, 633
of external ear, 752
of eyelids, 737
of Fallopian tubes of mare, 511
of first phalanx, 564
of hoof, 771
of internal ear, 761
of ox, 609
of pelvic limb of ox, 619
of penis, 496
dorsal, 580
of pig, 627
of plantar cushion, 564
of rete carpi volare, 562
of retina, 746
of second phalanx, 564
of skin, 762
of small intestine, 570
of third phalanx, 564
of tympanum, 755
of uterus, 513
of vagina, 514
of vascular tunic of eye, 744
omaso-abomasal, of ox, 615
ophthalmic, 553
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
orbital, 555
ovarian, 571
of mare, 510
palatine, 555
of pig, 627
palato-labial, 555
pancreatic, 569
pancreatico-duodenal, 569
parotid, 543
of pig, 627
perineal, 574
of dog, 641
peroneal, 585
perpendicular, 564
pharyngeal, 548
of ox, 611
phrenic, 565
of ox, 614
phrenico-abdominal, of dog, 639
of pig, 628
plantar, 581
of dog, 640
of ox, 619
popliteal, 581
of ox, 619
of pig, 630
preplantar, 564
prepubic, 579
prevertebral, 545
pterygoid, 552
pudic, external, 580
internal, 573
of pig, 630
pulmonary, 457, 524, 535
pyloric, 569
radial, anterior, 559
of dog, 635
of ox, 613
posterior, 559
of ox, 612
renal, 475, 571
of dog, 639
of ox, 618
of pig, 628
reticular, of ox, 615
ruminal, of ox, 615
sacral, lateral, 575
middle, of ox, 618
of ox, 619
saphenous, 580
of dog, 640
of ox, 619
of pig, 630
sheath of, 525
spermatic, 487, 489, 571
of dog, 639
of ox, 618
of pig, 627
sphenopalatine, 555
splenic, 569
of dog, 658
of ox, 615
of pig, 628
staphyline, 555
structure of, 525
stylo-mastoid, 550
subcostal, 539
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
sublingual, 548
of dog, 635
submaxillary, 547
submental, 549
subscapular, 556
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
supraorbital, 553
suprascapular, 556
systemic, 524
tarsal, external, 581
of pig, 630
perforating, 585
temporal, anterior deep, 553
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
posterior, deep, 552
superficial, 550
terminal, 524
thoracic, external, 541
internal, 540
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
of pig, 627
thoracico-dorsal, 556
thyroid, accessory, 543
of ox, 610
of pig, 627
thyro-laryngeal, 543
tibial, anterior, 583
of dog, 641
of ox, 620
of pig, 630
posterior, 581
recurrent, 581
tympanic, 552
ulnar, 559
of dog, 637
of ox, 613
superior collateral, of ox, 612
umbilical, 574, 606
of ox, 619
uterine, 571
middle, 578
of dog, 641
of ox, 619
posterior, 574
utero-ovarian, 571
of dog, 639
of ox, 618
vertebral, 540
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
vesical, 574
vesico-prostatic, 574
volar, deep, 562
of second phalanx, 564

Arthrodia, 172

Arthrology, 169
comparative, 203

Articular cartilage, 170
discs, 171

Articularis genu muscle of ox, 307

Articulatio carpi of horse, 183

Articulations, 169, 172
abduction of, 172
adduction of, 172
angular movements, 171
arteries of, 171
atlanto-axial, 176
atlanto-occipital, 176
basi-cornual, 180
capsule, 170
carpal, 183
of dog, 205
of ox, 205
of pig, 205
carpo-metacarpal, 183
cavity of, 170
chondro-sternal, 178
circumduction of, 171
classification of, 169
coccygeal, 175
coffin, 189
costo-central, 177
costo-chondral, 178
costo-transverse, 177
costo-vertebral, 177
crico-arytenoid, 444
crico-thyroid, 444
dorsal flexion of, 171
elbow, 181
of dog, 205
of ox, 205
of pig, 205
extension of, 171
femoro-patellar, 194
femoro-tibial, 196
fetlock, 185
flexion of, 171
folds of, 170
gliding movements of, 171
hip, 192
of dog, 209
of ox, 209
of pig, 209
hock, 199
of dog, 210
of ox, 210
of pig, 210
hyoidean, 180
intercarpal, 183
intercentral, 173
intercornual, 180
intermetacarpal, of dog, 206
of ox, 206
of pig, 206
interneural, 173
interphalangeal, distal, 189
of dog, 209
of ox, 208
of pig, 208
proximal, 188
intertransverse, 175
knee, 183
metacarpo-phalangeal, 185
of dog, 208
of ox, 206
of pig, 208
movable, 170
movements of, 171

Articulations, nerves of, 171
of larynx, 444
of pelvic limb, 190
of dog, 209
of ox, 209
of pig, 209
of ribs, 177
of skull, 179
of thoracic limb, 180
of dog, 205
of ox, 205
of pig, 205
of thorax, 177
of dog, 204
of ox, 204
of pig, 204
overextended, 171
pastern, 188
plantar flexion of, 171
radio-carpal, 183
radio-ulnar, 182
rotation of, 172
sacral, 175
sacro-iliac, 190
of dog, 209
of ox, 209
of pig, 209
shoulder, 180
of dog, 205
of ox, 205
of pig, 205
sternal, 178
stifle, 194
of dog, 209
of ox, 209
of pig, 209
surfaces of, 170
synovial layer of, 170
temporo-hyoid, 180
temporo-mandibular, 179
of dog, 204
of ox, 204
of pig, 204
thyro-hyoid, 444
tibio-fibular, 199
of dog, 210
of ox, 209
of pig, 210
tibio-tarsal, 199
true, 170
veins of, 171
vertebral column, 172
of dog, 204
of ox, 203
of pig, 204
villi of, 170
volar flexion of, 171

Arytenoid cartilages of larynx, 443
of dog, 467
of ox, 459
of pig, 465
ligament, transverse, of larynx, 444

Arytenoideus transversus muscle of larynx of horse, 446

Asternal artery, 541
ribs, 25
of horse, 43

Astragalo-calcaneal ligaments, 202

Astragalo-scaphoid ligaments, 202

Atlantal gland of ox, 623

Atlanto-axial articulation of horse, 176
ligament, inferior, 176
superior, 176

Atlanto-occipital articulation, 176
membrane, inferior, 176
superior, 176

Atlas, 33, 34
of dog, 150
of ox, 112
of pig, 147

Atrio-ventricular groove of heart, 527
opening in left atrium, 530
in right atrium, 530
left, of ventricle, 533
right, of ventricle, 531

Atrium of heart, 529
left, 530
right, 529
openings in, 529
sinus of, 529
ventriculi of ox, 393

Auditory canal, external, 747, 748
meatus, external, 56, 748
internal, 56, 759
nerve, 686
ossicles, 754
process, external, 56, 67
tube, 755

Auricle of horse, 747

Auricular artery, anterior, 550
of dog, 635
of pig, 627
posterior, 550
of ox, 611
branch of vagus, 687
cartilage, 748
lymph gland of dog, 643
muscles, 749
of dog, 780
of ox, 774
nerve, 685
posterior, 695
vein, 588

Auriculopalpebral nerve, 685
of dog, 729
of ox, 717

Axillary artery, 556
ligament of Helmholtz, 755
lymph glands, 605
of dog, 643
of ox, 625
of pig, 631
nerve of horse, 697

Axis, 34
development of, 35
lentis, 747
of dog, 150
of ox, 112
of pelvis, 97
of ox, 133
of pig, 137
optic, 740

Azygos uvulæ, muscle of, 333

Back, fasciæ of, 235
superficial, 235
muscles of, 235
of dog, muscles of, 325
of ox, muscles of, 300

Back of pig, muscles of, 313

Ball-and-socket joint, 172

Bands, longitudinal, of cæcum, 364
muscular, of great colon, 368

Bars of hoof, 764

Bartholin’s ducts of mare, 515
glands of cow, 519

Basi-cornual articulation, 180

Basihyoid bone, 64

Basilar artery, 546
plexus, 592
venous, 592
process, 48
of third phalanx, 91

Basis pedunculi, 664

Belly of muscle, 212

Biceps brachii, 259
of dog, 322
of pig, 314
femoris muscle, 278
of dog, 326
of ox, 306
of pig, 316
rotator tibialis, 280
of ox, 302

Bicipital artery of dog, 635
bursa of horse, 259
groove of humerus, 79
tuberosity of radius, 81
of scapula, 77

Bicuspid valve, 533

Bifurcation of trachea, 449

Bile-duct, common, of sheep, 410
of dog, 431
of ox, 398
of pig, 419, 422

Bipennate muscle, 212

Biventer cervicis muscle of dog, 325

Bladder, 469, 475
arteries of, 477
blood-supply of, 477
fixation of, 476
lateral ligaments of, 476
lymph vessels of, 477
middle ligament of, 476
mucous coat of, 476
muscular coat of, 476
neck of, 416
nerves of, 477
of dog, 484
of ox, 480
of pig, 483
relations of, 476
round ligament of, 476
serous coat of, 476
sphincter of, 476
structure of, 476
trigonum of, 476
veins of, 477
vertex of, 476

Blind sacs of rumen of ox, 392

Blood-vascular system, 524, 525
of dog, 632
of ox, 608

Blood-vessels, 524
of cornea, 742

Body, ciliary, 743
geniculate, 665
of dog, 725
of ox, 716

Body, mammillary, 665
of dog, 726
pineal, 665
of ox, 716
pituitary, 664, 665
of dog, 726
of ox, 716
restiform, 656
vitreous, 746
of ox, 774

Bone or bones, acetabulum, of pig, 148
acromion, of dog, 162
air-spaces, 21
arteries, 21
atlas, 33
of dog, 150
of ox, 112
of pig, 137
axis, 34
of dog, 150
of ox, 112
of pig, 137
basihyoid, 64
carpal, 28, 83
of dog, 164
of ox, 129
of pig, 147
cartilage, 22
cavities, 23
chemical composition, 23
chevron, of dog, 152
clavicle, 27
of dog, 162
compact substance, 20
coracoid, 27
cranial, 27, 47
of dog, 154
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
depressions, 23
descriptive terms, 23
development and growth, 22
digital, 28, 30
diploë, 21
eminences, 23
ethmoid, 52
of dog, 157
of ox, 116
of pig, 142
facial, 27, 57
of dog, 157
of ox, 120
of pig, 142
femur, 29, 97
of dog, 167
of ox, 133
of pig, 148
fibula, 29, 104
of dog, 168
of ox, 134
of pig, 149
flat, 19
frontal, 55
of dog, 155
of ox, 118
of pig, 141
hock, 105
of ox, 134
of pig, 149
humerus, 28, 77
of dog, 162
of ox, 127
of pig, 146

Bone, hyoid, 64
of dog, 159
of ox, 122
of pig, 144
ilium, 29, 93
of dog, 165
of ox, 131
of pig, 148
interparietal, 53
of dog, 155
of ox, 116
of pig, 140
irregular, 19
ischium, 29, 95
of dog, 165
of ox, 131
of pig, 148
lacrimal, 61
of dog, 158
of ox, 121
of pig, 143
long, 19
lymph vessels, 21
malar, 62
of dog, 158
of ox, 121
of pig, 143
mandible, 63
of dog, 158
of ox, 122
of pig, 143
marrow, 21
maxilla, 58
of dog, 157
of ox, 120
of pig, 142
medullary arteries, 21
cavity, 20
membrane, 22
metacarpal, 28, 87
of dog, 164
of ox, 130
of pig, 147
metatarsal, 30, 110
of dog, 168
of ox, 135
of pig, 149
nasal, 61
of dog, 158
of ox, 121
of pig, 143
navicular, 92, 111
nerves, 21
number, 19
occipital, 47
of dog, 154
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
of arm, 28
of face, 27
of forearm, 28
of forefoot, 28
of hand, 28
of leg, 29
of pelvic limb, 29, 92
of dog, 165
of ox, 131
of pig, 148
of skull, 27, 47
of dog, 153
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
of thoracic limb, 27, 74
of dog, 162

Bones, of thoracic limb of ox, 127
of pig, 146
of thorax, 27, 47
of dog, 153
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
os coxæ, 29, 92
of pig, 14
palatine, 60
of ox, 120
of pig, 142
parietal, 54
of dog, 155
of ox, 117
of pig, 140
patella, 29, 104
of dog, 168
of ox, 134
of pig, 149
pelvic, 96
of dog, 167
of ox, 132
of pig, 148
perforations, 23
periosteal arteries, 21
periosteum, 21
phacoid, of cat, 164
phalanges, 29, 89, 111
of dog, 165
of ox, 130, 136
of pig, 148, 150
physical properties, 23
premaxilla, 59
of dog, 157
of ox, 120
of pig, 142
prenasal, of pig, 143
prominences, 23
pterygoid, 60
of dog, 158
of ox, 121
of pig, 143
pubic, 29, 95
of dog, 167
of ox, 131
of pig, 148
radius, 28, 80
of dog, 163
of ox, 127
of pig, 147
red marrow, 21
ribs, 25, 43
of dog, 153
of ox, 114
of pig, 138
rostri, of pig, 143
sacrum, 39
of dog, 151
of ox, 114
of pig, 138
scapula, 27, 74
of dog, 162
of ox, 127
of pig, 14
sesamoid, 29, 92, 111
developing in tendon tissue, 211
distal, 29
of dog, 165
of ox, 131, 136
of pig, 148
proximal, 29
short, 19

Bone, sinuses, 21
sphenoid, 50
of dog, 156
of ox, 115
of pig, 141
spongy substance, 20, 21
sternum, 26, 45
of dog, 153
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
structure of, 20
tarsal, 29, 105
of dog, 168
of ox, 134
of pig, 149
temporal, 55
of dog, 156
of ox, 120
of pig, 141
thigh, 29
thorax, 47
of dog, 153
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
tibia, 29, 100
of dog, 167
of ox, 134
of pig, 149
tibial, 29
tissue, 20
tubula vitrea, 21
turbinal, 62, 438
of dog, 158
of ox, 122
of pig, 143, 465
ulna, 28, 82
of dog, 163
of ox, 128
of pig, 147
veins, 21
vertebræ, 24, 31
anticlinal, 42
caudal, 24
cervical, 24
coccygeal, 24, 41
diaphragmatic, 42
lumbar, 24, 38
of dog, 150
of ox, 112
of pig, 136
sacral, 24
thoracic, 24, 35
vessels, 21
vomer, 63
of dog, 158
of ox, 122
of pig, 143
yellow marrow, 21
zygomatic, of horse, 62

Brachia conjunctiva, 661

Brachial artery, 538, 556
deep, 559
of dog, 633, 635
of ox, 609, 612
of pig, 627
plexus, 696
of dog, 730
of ox, 717
of pig, 723
triceps, 260
vein, 593
of dog, 642

Brachialis anticus, 260
muscle, 260

Brachialis muscle of dog, 322
of pig, 315

Brachiocephalic artery, 538
of dog, 633
of pig, 627
trunk of aorta, 537
veins of dog, 641

Brachio-radialis muscle of dog, 322

Brachium pontis, 659

Brachycephalic breed of dogs, 159

Brain, development of, 655
of dog, 724
of horse, 652
of ox, 715
of pig, 720
veins of, 592

Bristles of pig, 778

Broad ligaments of uterus, 356
of bitch, 523
of cow, 518
of mare, 513

Broca’s parolfactory area, 671

Bronchi, interlobular, 457
of dog, 468
of horse, 450, 456
structure of, 456
of ox, 460
of pig, 466

Bronchial artery, 457, 565
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
branches of lungs, 456
of vagus, 690
lymph glands, 457, 603
of dog, 643
of pig, 631
vein, 587

Bronchioles, lobular, 457
respiratory, 457

Broncho-œsophageal artery, 565

Brush of ox, 775

Buccal fascia, 213
glands, 332
of ox, 383
of pig, 410
nerve, 685
of dog, 729
of ox, 717
of pig, 722

Buccinator artery, 555
of pig, 627
muscle, 216
of dog, 318
of ox, 295
nerve of horse, 681
vein, 590
of pig, 630

Bulb of hair, 763
olfactory, 671
of dog, 727
of ox, 717
of pig, 721

Bulbar conjunctiva, 736
fascia of horse, 738

Bulbi vestibuli of mare, 515
olfactorius, 671

Bulbo-cavernosus muscle of penis of ox, 503
of urethra of horse, 499

Bulbo-urethral glands of dog, 506

Bulbo-urethral glands of horse, 493
structure of, 494
of ox, 503
of pig, 505

Bulbus aortæ, 536
oculi, 739

Bulla, lacrimal, of ox, 121
ossea, 57

Burdach’s column, 652

Bursa, bicipital, 259
navicular, of deep digital flexor muscle, 272
of biceps femoris muscle, 279, 280
of flexor pedis perforatus muscle, 293
of gastrocnemius muscle, 290
of rectus femoris muscle, 284
of semitendinosus muscle, 280
ovarica of mare, 511
ovarii of bitch, 522
podotrochlearis, 272
supra-atloid, 174
supraspinous, of horse, 175
of anterior digital extensor muscle, 265
synovial, of infraspinatus muscle, 256
of lateral digital extensor muscle, 266
of teres minor muscle, 257

Bursal synovial membrane, 211

Cæcal artery, 570
lymph glands of pig, 632

Cæco-colic fold, 367
orifice, 364

Cæcum, 363
of dog, 431
of ox, 398
of pig, 420
of sheep, 409
cupulare, 760
vestibulare, 760

Calcaneo-cuboid ligaments, 202

Calcaneo-cunean ligaments, 202

Calcaneo-metatarsal ligament, 201

Calcaneo-scaphoid ligament, 202

Caliber of great colon of horse, 367

Callosal sulcus, 669

Callosomarginal fissure, 669
of dog, 727
of ox, 716
of pig, 721

Calyces majores, 480
minores, 480

Camera oculi, 746

Canal, alar, 51
auditory, external, 748
carotid, 156
carpal, 86
cervical, of cow, 518
of mare, 512
condyloid, of ox, 115
dental, inferior, of horse, 64

Canal, dental, superior, of horse, 59
facial, of horse, 56
femoral, of horse, 282
for naso-lacrimal duct of horse, 71
infraorbital, of horse, 59
inguinal, of horse, 249
lacrimal, osseous, of horse, 61
mandibular, of horse, 64
medullary, of metacarpus of ox, 130
naso-palatine, of ox, 384
of Gartner, 519
of tarsus of horse, 109
of temporal bone of dog, 156
palatine, of horse, 58
parieto-temporal, of horse, 54, 57
petro-basilar, of dog, 156
pterygoid, of horse, 51, 61
sacral, of horse, 41
semicircular, membranous, 760
osseous, 758
semilunar, 91
spiral, of cochlea, 759
subsphenoidal, of horse, 51
supraorbital, of ox, 119
vertebral, of horse, 42
Vidian, of horse, 51, 61

Canalis centralis, 650

Canine teeth, 338, 341, 346
of dog, 425
of ox, 386
of pig, 412

Canthi of eye, 735

Capillaries, 524

Capped hock, 293

Capsular ligament, 170

Capsularis muscle of dog, 328
of horse, 258, 286
of ox, 307
of pig, 314, 317

Capsule, external, 675
fibrous, of liver, 376
internal, 676
joint, 170
of horse, 174
of articulation, 176
of carpal joints, 183
of coffin joint, 189
of elbow joint, 181
of femoro-patellar articulation, 194
of femoro-tibial articulation, 197
of fetlock joint, 185
of hip joint, 192
of hock joint, 200
of lens, 747
of pastern joint, 188
of sacro-iliac articulation, 190
of shoulder joint, 180
of temporo-mandibular articulation, 179
of tenon, 738
of tibio-fibular articulation, 199
splenic, 379

Caput laterale tricipitis, 261

Caput longum tricipitis, 261
mediale tricipitis, 261

Cardiac bronchus of vagus, 690
glands of stomach of horse, 360
impression of lungs of horse, 454
lobe of lungs of ox, 463
muscle, 211
nerves, 712
notch of lungs of horse, 456
plexus, 712
sphincter of horse, 359
veins, 586

Cariniform cartilage, 46

Carnassial teeth of dog, 426

Carotid artery, common, 541
left, 543
of dog, 634
of ox, 610
right, 542
external, 547
internal, 546
of dog, 633, 634
of ox, 611
of pig, 627
canal of dog, 156
foramen of dog, 156
notch of horse, 51
plexus, 711

Carpal articular surface of radius of horse, 82
bones, 28
accessory, 84
canal of horse, 86
fascia of horse, 263
glands, 778
groove of horse, 86
joints of dog, 205
of horse, 183
of ox, 205
of pig, 205
pads of dog, 780
sheath of deep digital flexor muscle, 272
of superficial digital flexor muscle, 271

Carpo-metacarpal joint of horse, 183
sac of horse, 183

Carpus, 28
of dog, 164
of horse, 83
development of, 86
of ox, 129
of pig, 147

Cartilage, or cartilages, alar, of horse, 437
of ox, 459
annular, of cow, 748
articular, 170
arytenoid, of larynx, 443
of dog, 467
of ox, 459
of pig, 465
auricular, 748
bones, 22
cariniform, 46
conchal, 748
costal, 25, 26
of horse, 45
cricoid, of dog, 467
of horse, 441

Cartilage, cricoid, of ox, 459
of pig, 465
ensiform, of horse, 46
epiglottic, of dog, 467
of horse, 442
of ox, 459
of pig, 465
epiphyseal, 22
interarytenoid, of dog, 467
of pig, 465
lateral, of third phalanx of horse, 91
marginal, 171
of larynx of horse, 441
of nasal septum of horse, 437
of nostrils of ox, 459
parietal, of nasal cavity of horse, 437
scapular, of horse, 75
scutiform, 748
semilunar, of horse, 196
thyroid, of dog, 467
of horse, 442
of ox, 459
of pig, 465
xiphoid, 26
of horse, 46

Cartilagines tracheales of horse, 450

Caruncle, lacrimal, 735

Caruncula lacrimalis, 735
of dog, 779
of pig, 778
sublingualis of horse, 334

Cauda equina of horse, 648

Caudate ligament of horse, 375
lobe of liver, 433
of ox, 402
of pig, 421
nucleus, 675

Cavernous plexus, 711
sinus, 542

Cavity, abdominal, of ox, 390
cranial, of dog, 161
of horse, 69
of ox, 124
of pig, 145
glenoid, of horse, 67, 68, 76
joint, 170
nasal, of dog, 161, 466, 467
of horse, 71, 436
of ox, 125, 458
of pig, 145, 464
of abomasum of ox, 396
of larynx of horse, 447
of mouth of horse, 330
of omasum of ox, 395
of rumen of ox, 393
of tunica vaginalis of horse, 490
of uterus of mare, 513
pelvic, of horse, 97
of ox, 133, 390
sigmoid, of ulna of horse, 82
thoracic, of horse, 450
of ox, 461

Cavum conchæ of dog, 780
epidurale, 646
subdurale, 646
tympani, 752
of dog, 780
of ox, 775

Cavum tympani of pig, 778

Cells, air, of lungs of horse, 457
ethmoidal, of horse, 52
gustatory, 772

Cement of teeth, 339

Center, tendinous, of diaphragm of horse, 243

Central artery of retina, 554
canal of cord, 650
tarsal bone of horse, 107
of ox, 134

Cephalic artery, 541
index of dog, 159
part of sympathetic system, 711
vein, 591, 593
of dog, 642
of ox, 622

Cerebellar peduncles, 661
middle, 659
tract, direct, 661
veins, 592

Cerebello-olivary fasciculus, 658

Cerebellospinal fasciculus, 661

Cerebellum of dog, 725
of horse, 660
of ox, 716
of pig, 720

Cerebral arteries, 546
posterior, 546
fissures of horse, 668
of ox, 716
gyri of horse, 668
hemispheres, 667
of dog, 726
of ox, 716
of pig, 721
nerves of horse, 676
peduncles, 664
of ox, 716
of pig, 720
vein, 588, 592
of ox, 621

Cerebro-spinal artery, 545
of dog, 634
fasciculi, 660

Ceruminous glands, 749

Cervical artery, deep, 540
inferior, 541
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
of pig, 627
superior, 540
branch of facial nerve, 685
canal of cow, 518
of mare, 513
enlargement of horse, 648
ganglia, 711
of dog, 733
of ox, 720
of pig, 724
lymph glands, 601
of dog, 643
of pig, 631
nerves of horse, 694
part of sympathetic nervous system, 711
plexus, 694
vein, deep, 586
inferior, 591
vertebræ, 24
of dog, 150
of horse, 32

Cervical vertebræ of ox, 112
of pig, 136

Cervicalis ascendens muscle, 225

Cervico-auricularis, 750
of dog, 780
of ox, 784

Cervico-scutularis, 749
of dog, 780
of ox, 774

Cervix uteri of cow, 517
of mare, 513
of sow, 522

Chambers of eye, 746

Check ligament, inferior, of carpal joints, 183
of deep digital flexor muscle, 272
of hock joint, 200
superior, of superficial digital flexor muscle, 270

Cheek teeth, 338, 342
deciduous, of horse, 346
of dog, 425
of ox, 386
of pig, 412
of sheep, 405

Cheeks of dog, 423
of horse, 332
muscles of, 213
of ox, 382
of pig, 410
of sheep, 405

Chestnut, 771

Chevron bones of dog, 152

Chiasma opticum, 666

Choanæ, posterior, of horse, 68

Chondro-pharyngeus muscle of horse, 350

Chondro-sternal articulations of horse, 178

Chorda tympani, 683, 684

Chordæ tendineæ, 531, 533

Chorioid, 742
fissure, 670
of dog, 779
of pig, 778
plexus of fourth ventricle, 657, 663
of lateral ventricle, 670, 675
of third ventricle, 666

Cilia, 735

Ciliary arteries, 554
body, 743
border of iris, 744
ganglion, 679, 711
of ox, 717
muscle, 743
nerve of dog, 728
of horse, 679
processes, 743
ring, 743

Circle, coronary, 564
of Willis, 546

Circulation, fœtal, 606
pulmonary, 607

Circulatory system of dog, 632
of ox, 608
of pig, 626

Circulus arteriosus major, 744

Circumanal glands of dog, 432

Circumduction of joints, 171

Circumflex artery, anterior, 558
external, 577
of ox, 619
of coronary cushion, 564
of dog, 635
of ox, 612
of scapula, 556
posterior, 556
iliac artery, 578
nerve of horse, 697
vein, external, 598

Cistern, milk, of cow, 521

Cisterna chyli, 600
of dog, 643

Cisternæ subarachnoidales, 646

Clarke’s column, 651

Claustrum, 675

Clavicle, 27
of dog, 162

Claws of dog, 781
of ox, 775
of pig, 779

Cleft, palatine, of horse, 60, 69, 71
vulvar, of mare, 514

Cleido-cervicalis muscle of dog, 320

Cleido-mastoideus muscle of dog, 320
of horse, 252
of pig, 314

Cleido-occipitalis muscle of pig, 314

Cleido-transversarius muscle of horse, 252

Clinoid process of sphenoid bone of dog, 156
of pig, 142

Clitoris, artery of, 575
of bitch, 523
of cow, glans of, 519
of mare, 515
prepuce of, 515
of sow, 522

Coccygeal artery, lateral, 577
middle, 575
of dog, 641
of ox, 618
fascia of horse, 238
ganglion, 713
nerves of horse, 710
vertebræ, 24
of dog, 152
of horse, 41
of ox, 114
of pig, 138

Coccygeus muscle of dog, 325
of horse, 238
ventralis lateralis muscle of horse, 240

Cochlea, 759
of dog, 780

Cochlear nerve, 686, 761

Cœliac artery, 566
of dog, 638
of ox, 614
of pig, 627
lymph gland of ox, 626
plexus, 714

Cœliaco-mesenteric ganglia, 714

Coffin bone of horse, 90
joint, 189

Coffin joint, capsule of, 189
lateral ligaments of, 189
movements of, 190

Colic arteries, 570
lymph glands of pig, 632
mesentery of horse, 354, 369

Collateral fissure of dog, 726
vessel, 524

Colliculus facialis, 662
seminalis of horse, 499
of ox, 504

Colon, great, of horse, 365
of dog, 432
of ox, 398
of pig, 420
of sheep, 409
small, of horse, 369
tæniæ of, 370

Column of Burdach, 652
of Goll, 652
of spinal cord, 651
renal, of horse, 473

Columna grisea of cord, 650

Columnæ fornicis, 673

Comma-shaped tract, 652

Commissura grisea, 650
hypothalamica, 665

Commissure, hippocampal, 670
of nostrils of horse, 436
of spinal cord, 650
of vulva of mare, 515
optic, 666

Common bile-duct of sheep, 410

Communicating artery, posterior, 546

Compact substance of bone, 20

Complexus muscle of dog, 325
of horse, 231
of pig, 312

Compressor coccygis muscle of horse, 238

Concha of pig, 778

Conchal cartilage, 748

Condyle, external, of humerus of horse, 80
internal, of humerus of horse, 79
occipital, of horse, 48, 68, 69
of femur of horse, 99
of mandible of horse, 64
of temporal bone of horse, 55
of tibia of horse, 101

Condyloid artery, 545
of dog, 634
of ox, 611
canal of ox, 115
fossa of horse, 48, 68
vein, 588

Conjugal ligament of horse, 177

Conjugate diameter of pelvis of horse, 97
of ox, 132

Conjunctiva, 736
of ox, 772

Conjunctival sac, 736

Constrictor vestibuli muscle of mare, 515
vulvæ of mare, 515

Conus arteriosus of horse, 530

Conus medullaris of horse, 648, 649
vasculosus of epididymis of horse, 487

Coraco-brachialis muscle of dog, 322
of horse, 258
of ox, 302
of pig, 314

Coracoid, 27
process of horse, 77

Coraco-radialis muscle of horse, 259

Cord, spinal, of dog, 724
of horse, 648
of ox, 715
of pig, 720

Cores, horn-, of ox, 118

Corium, 762
of dog, 780

Cornea of dog, 779
of horse, 741
of ox, 774
of pig, 778

Cornu ammonis, 669
anterior, of thyroid cartilage of horse, 442
of nostrils of horse, 437
posterior, of thyroid cartilage of horse, 442

Cornua, great, of horse, 65
middle, of horse, 65
small, of horse, 65
thyroid, of horse, 65
uteri of cow, 517
of mare, 511

Corona glandis of penis of horse, 495
radiata, 676

Coronal border of hoof, 765
fissure of dog, 726
of ox, 716
of pig, 721

Coronary arteries, 535, 537
of dog, 632
of ox, 609
circle, 564
groove of heart, 527
of hoof, 765
of rumen of ox, 392
ligament of horse, 374
matrix, 769
pillars of rumen of ox, 393
plexus, 595
sinus, 585
of horse, opening of, 529
veins, 535, 586

Coronoid fossa of humerus of horse, 80
process of mandible of horse, 64
of radius of horse, 80

Corpora quadrigemina, 663
of dog, 725

Corpus adiposum of eye, 738
albicans of mare, 510
callosum, 672
of ox, 716
cavernosum penis of horse, 495
fornicis, 673
geniculatum mediale, 665
luteum of mare, 510
Luysi, 665

Corpus medullare of cerebellum, 661
papillare, 762
rubrum of mare, 510
spongiosum of horse, 495
striatum, 675
trapezoideum, 655
of dog, 725
of ox, 715
of pig, 720
vitreum, 746

Corpuscles, Malpighian, of horse, 379, 473
renal, of horse, 473, 474

Corrugator supercilii muscle of horse, 218

Cortex of thymus gland of horse, 458

Corticopontile fibers, 660

Costal arch, 26
cartilages, 25, 26
of horse, 45
facets of thoracic vertebræ, 36, 37
groove, 26
pleura of horse, 451

Costo-central articulations of horse, 177

Costo-chondral articulations of horse, 178

Costo-sternal ligament, superior, of horse, 178

Costo-transverse articulations of horse, 177

Costo-vertebral articulations of horse, 177

Cotyledons, uterine, of cow, 518

Cotyloid ligament of horse, 192

Cowper’s glands of horse, 493, 506
of ox, 503
of pig, 505

Coxal angle of ilium of horse, 94

Cranial bones, 27
of dog, 154
of horse, 47
of ox, 115
of pig, 139
cavity of dog, 161
of horse, 69
of ox, 124
of pig, 145
nerves of dog, 728
of horse, 676
of ox, 717
of pig, 722
roots of, 656
superficial origins of, 653
region of horse, 67, 68
sutures of horse, 179

Cranio-facial index of dog, 159

Cremaster, external, of horse, 249, 490
of ox, 500
of pig, 313
of testicle of pig, 504

Cremasteric artery, 578

Crest, facial, of horse, 58, 62, 68
frontal, of horse, 55, 66
nasal, of horse, 71

Crest, occipital, of horse, 50, 69
of femur of horse, 99
of ilium of horse, 94
of sacrum of ox, 114
parietal, of ox, 117
petrosal of horse, 57, 70
pterygoid, of horse, 51
renal, of horse, 473
sagittal, of horse, 54, 66
semilunar, of third phalanx of horse, 91
spheno-occipital, of horse, 51
sublingual, of horse, 348
supracondyloid, of femur of horse, 97
tibial, of horse, 100
turbinal, inferior, of horse, 58
superior, of nasal bones of horse, 61
urethral, of male horse, 499
zygomatic, of horse, 58, 62

Cribriform plate of ethmoidf horse, 52

Crico-arytenoid joints of horse, 444

Crico-arytenoideus lateralis muscle of horse, 445, 446

Cricoid cartilage of dog, 467
of horse, 441
of ox, 459
of pig, 465

Crico-pharyngeus muscle of horse, 350

Crico-thyroid joints of horse, 444
membrane of horse, 444

Crico-thyroideus muscle of horse, 445

Crico-tracheal membrane of horse, 445

Crista galli of horse, 52, 70
terminales of horse, 530
vestibuli, 758

Cristæ acusticæ, 760
ungulæ, 765

Crown of tooth, 339

Crucial fissure of ox, 717
ligaments of femoro-tibial articulation of horse, 198

Cruciate fissure of dog, 727
of pig, 721

Crura cerebri, 664
fornicis, 673
helicis, 748
of dog, 779
of diaphragm of horse, 243

Crural fascia of horse, 274
nerve, anterior, of horse, 706
triceps muscle of horse, 284

Crureus muscle of horse, 286

Crystalline lens, 746

Cubital lymph glands, 606
of dog, 643

Cuboido-cunean ligaments of horse, 202

Cuboido-scaphoid ligament of horse, 202

Cuneate tubercle of pig, 720

Cuneiform cartilage of larynx of dog, 467

Cupola, 759

Curvator coccygis muscle of horse, 239

Cushion of hoof, 769
plantar, 771
Cutaneous glands of ox, 775
nerve of leg of horse, 708
of neck, 695

Cutaneus maximus muscle of abdomen, 245
scapulæ et humeri muscle, 255

Cuticular ridge of stomach, 360

Cystic duct of ox, 403

Dartos of scrotum of horse, 488

Deciduous canine teeth, 346
cheek teeth, 346
incisor teeth, 346
of ox, 386
teeth, 346

Decussatio lemniscorum, 658

Decussation of fillet, 658
of pyramids, 655
of superior peduncle of cerebellum, 661
pyramidal, 658

Deep abdominal fascia, 245
digital flexor muscle, 271
of dog, 323, 329
of leg, 293
of ox, 305
of pig, 316, 317
fascia, 212
of forearm, 262
of head of horse, 213
of neck of horse, 224
of shoulder of horse, 255
flexor muscle of ox, 311
gluteus muscle, 278
pectoral muscle, 253, 254
of dog, 320
of ox, 302
of pig, 314
sesamoidean ligament, 188

Deferential fold of testicles, 491

Deltoid muscle, 255
of dog, 320
of ox, 302
of pig, 314
tuberosity of horse, 78

Dental artery, 552
superior, 555
canal, inferior, 64
superior, 59
nerve, 681, 682
plate of ox, 384
vein, 587

Dentine, 339

Depressor coccygis muscle, 240
labii inferioris muscle, 216
of dog, 318
of ox, 295
of pig, 311
superioris muscle of ox, 295
nerve of dog, 730
rostri muscle of pig, 311

Descemet, membrane of, 742

Descent of testicles, 490

Descriptive terms, 18

Diagonal fissure of ox, 716
of pig, 721

Diameter, conjugate, of pelvis, 97
of ox, 132
sacro-pubic, of pelvis, 97
transverse, of pelvis, 97

Diaphragm of dog, 325
of horse, 243
of ox, 300
of pig, 313

Diaphragma sellæ, 646

Diaphragmatic flexure, 366
lobe of lung of ox, 463
pleura, 451
vertebra, 42

Diarthroses, 170

Diencephalon, 664

Digastric muscles, 213
nerve, 685

Digastricus muscle, 222
of dog, 319
of ox, 297
of pig, 311

Digestive system, 330
of dog, 423
of ox, 382
of pig, 410
of sheep, 405

Digit or digits, 28
of dog, 165, 780
extensor muscles of, 322, 328
of horse, fascia of, 263
muscles of, 295
of ox, 130, 775
of pig, muscles of, 315

Digital artery, 564
common, 563
of ox, 620
external, of ox, 614, 620
of dog, 641, 637
of pig, 629, 630
volar, of ox, 614
bones, 28, 30
cushion, 771
extensor muscle, anterior, of dog, 328
of ox, 304, 309
of pig, 317
common, of dog, 322
of ox, 304
of pig, 315
internal, of ox, 304, 309
lateral, of dog, 322, 328
of ox, 304, 309
of pig, 315, 317
of ox, 304, 309
of pig, 315
fascia, 274
flexor muscle, deep, of dog, 323, 329
of ox, 305
of pig, 316
superficial, of dog, 323, 329
of ox, 305
of pig, 316
fossa of epididymis, 485
nerves of dog, 730, 732
of horse, 701
of ox, 718, 719
of pig, 723
pads, 780

Digital veins, 595
of dog, 642, 643
of ox, 621, 623

Dilatator naris apicalis muscle
of ox, 296
inferior muscle of horse, 218
of ox, 296
lateralis muscle of horse, 217
of ox, 295
of pig, 311
superior muscle of horse, 218
of ox, 296
transversus muscle of horse, 217
of pig, 311
pupillæ, 744

Diploë, 21

Diploic veins, 593

Discs, articular, 171
of temporo-mandibular articulation, 179

Distal interphalangeal joint of horse, 189
sesamoid bones of ox, 131

Diverticulum duodeni of horse, 362
nasi of horse, 436
preputial, of pig, 506
suburethral, of cow, 519
of sow, 522
tubæ auditivæ, 756
ventriculi of stomach of pig, 418

Dolichocephalic breed of dogs, 159

Dorsal artery, 538
of dog, 633
of ox, 609
of penis, 580
of pig, 627
columns of spinal cord, 651
common ligament of carpal joints, 183
flexion of joints, 171
groove of third phalanx, 91
ligaments of hock joint, 201
of interphalangeal joints of dog, 209
plexus, 595
sacro-iliac ligament, 190
sesamoids of dog, 165
vein, 586

Dorso-intercostal artery, 538

Dorso-scapular ligament of horse, 235

Dorsum of tongue of horse, 335

Duct or ducts, alveolar, of lungs, 457
Bartholin’s, of mare, 515
bile, common, of sheep, 410
of ox, 398
of pig, 419, 422
cystic, of ox, 403
ejaculatory, 488, 492, 499
hepatic, 376
lacrimal, 737
lactiferous, of cow, 521
of mare, 516
lymphatic, right, 601
naso-lacrimal, 436, 737
of ox, 773

Ducts of bulbo-urethral glands, 494, 499
of epididymis, 487
of mammary glands of mare, 516
of pancreas, 372
of prostate, 493
orbital, of dog, 427
pancreatic, accessory, of dog, 431
of horse, 373
of dog, 431, 434
of horse, 372
of ox, 398
of pig, 419, 423
parotid, of dog, 423, 427
of horse, 347
of pig, 411, 414
prostatic, of horse, 499
of ox, 502
Santorini’s, of horse, 373
sublingual, of dog, 427
of horse, 348
submaxillary, of dog, 427
of horse, 348
thoracic, of dog, 643
of horse, 600
of pig, 630
tracheal, 603
Wirsung’s, of horse, 372

Ductus arteriosus, 535, 607
endolymphaticus, 759
reuniens, 759
sublingualis major, of pig, 416
minores, of pig, 416
utriculo-saccularis, 759
venosus, 607
of ox, 403

Duodenal angle of horse, 372
glands of horse, 363

Duodenum of horse, 360
of ox, 398

Dura mater, 645
spinal, 646

Ear, external, of horse, 747
internal, of horse, 758
middle, of horse, 752
of dog, 779
of horse, 747
of ox, 774
of pig, 778

Ectolateral fissure of dog, 727

Ectomarginal fissure, 669
of dog, 726
of ox, 716
of pig, 721

Ectosylvian fissure of dog, 726

Ectoturbinals of ethmoid of horse, 52

Eighth nerve, 686

Ejaculatory ducts, 488, 492, 499

Elastic membrane of trachea, 449

Elbow joint of dog, 205
of horse, 181
of ox, 205
of pig, 205

Eleventh nerve, 690

Embryology, 17

Eminence, frontal, of ox, 118

Eminence, ilio-pectineal, of pubis, 95
intercondyloid, of tibia, 101
olivary, of dog, 725

Eminentia conchæ, 748
medialis, 662
pyramidalis, 755

Emissary veins, 591

Enamel of teeth, 339

Enarthrosis, 172

Encephalon of horse, 652

End-arteries, 524

End-brain, 667

Endocardium, 530, 534

Endothoracic fascia, 450

Endoturbinals of ethmoid, 52

Ensiform cartilage, 46

Entomarginal fissure of dog, 727
of horse, 669
of ox, 716
of pig, 721

Epicardium, 525, 534

Epicondyle, external, of femur, 100
of humerus, 80
internal, of femur, 100
of humerus, 80

Epidermis, 761
of dog, 780

Epididymis of dog, 506
of horse, 485
structure of, 485
of ox, 500
of pig, 504

Epidural space, 646

Epigastric zone of horse, 353

Epiglottis of dog, 467
of horse, 442
of ox, 459
of pig, 411, 465

Epihyoids of horse, 65

Epiphyseal cartilage, 22

Epiphysis, 665

Epiploic foramen, 379
of ox, 396

Epithelium, corneæ, 741
germinal, of ovary, 510
of Fallopian tubes, 511

Equator of eye, 740

Erectile tissue of urethra, 499

Erector clitoridis muscle, 515
penis muscle, 496

Ergot, 771

Esophageal membrane, 360

Esophagus. See _Œsophagus_.

Ethmoid artery, 554
bone of dog, 157
of horse, 52
development of, 52
of ox, 116
of pig, 142
sinus, 74

Ethmoidal cells, 52
foramen, 51, 52, 67, 70
fossa, 52, 70
meatuses, 52
of nasal cavity, 440
nerve, 678
of dog, 728

Ethmo-turbinals, 52

Eustachian tube, 348, 755
of dog, 780
of ox, 775

Eustachian tube of pig, 778
osseous, 57

Excavatio pupillæ nervi optici, 745

Excretory ducts, 737

Exoskeleton, 19

Extension of joints, 171

Extensor brevis muscle of ox, 310
carpi muscle of dog, 322
obliquus muscle, of dog, 322
of horse, 267
of ox, 304
of pig, 315
radialis brevis muscle of dog, 322
longus muscle of dog, 322
muscle of horse, 263
of ox, 304
of pig, 315
ulnaris muscle of dog, 323
of horse, 268
digitalis brevis muscle of dog, 328
of pig, 317
communis muscle of dog, 322
of horse, 263
lateralis muscle of dog, 322
of horse, 265
of leg of horse, 288
longus muscle of leg of horse, 288
digiti quinti muscle of dog, 323
tertii et quarti muscle of dog, 323
fossa of femur of horse, 100
hallucis longus muscle of dog, 328
of pig, 317
indicis proprius muscle of pig, 315
metacarpi obliquus muscle of horse, 267
muscle of digits of dog, 322, 328
pedis brevis muscle of horse, 295
muscle of horse, 264, 288

External angle of ilium, 94
of pubis, 96
auditory meatus, 56
process, 56, 67
condyle of humerus, 80
cremaster muscle, 249, 490
epicondyle of femur, 100
of humerus, 80
frontal crest, 55
inguinal ring, 246, 250
intercostal muscles of dog, 325
of horse, 240
of pig, 313
interosseous muscle of horse, 273
lateral ligament of carpal joints, 183
of coffin joint, 189
of elbow joint, 182

External lateral ligament offemoro-tibial articulation, 197
of fetlock joint, 185
of hock joint, 200
of pastern joint, 188
ligament of temporo-mandibular articulation, 179
malleolus of tibia, 101
metatarsal bone, 111
oblique muscle of abdomen, 246
occipital protuberance, 50
patellar ligament, 195
pterygoideus muscle, 220
sagittal crest, 54, 66
supracondyloid crest of humerus, 80
trochanter of femur, 99
tuberosity of humerus, 78
of radius, 81
urethral orifice of cow, 519
of horse, 499
of mare, 515
of ox, 503

Eye of dog, 779
of horse, 734
of ox, 772
of pig, 777

Eyeball of dog, 779
of horse, 739
of ox, 773
of pig, 778

Eyelashes, 735
of pig, 777

Eyelid of dog, 779
of horse, 735
muscles of, 218
of ox, 772
of pig, 777
structure of, 736
third, 736
of ox, 772
of pig, 777

Face, bones of, of dog, 157
of horse, 57
of ox, 120
of pig, 142
of dog, muscles of, 318
of ox, muscles of, 295