Chapter XXII: Act 32: Geo. III. cap. 53. and continued for 5 years by 36 (5)

---- of Persons committed, and discharged from Prisons in one year,
an extraordinary document (_table_), 430

_Account_ of Pawnbrokers in the Metropolis, and the vast property in
their houses belonging to the poor, 110

---- of various descriptions of Cheats, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127

---- of the number of Streets, Lanes, Houses and Families in the
Metropolis, 568

---- of the previous Plans and Arrangements of Thieves when a Robbery
or Burglary is contemplated, 291

---- of the usual Mode of proceeding to recover stolen property, 383

---- of the Number of Persons engaged in fraudulent Lotteries, 156

---- of the Trials at the Old Bailey in 1790 and 1791, 394, 395

---- of ditto in 1793 and 1795, 446-448

---- of the Officers of Justice in the Metropolis, 397

---- of the Watchmen and Patroles there, 414

---- of the Magistrates there, 398, 399

---- of the Criminal Courts there, 428

---- of the specific Criminals punishable by Law, 437-444

---- of the Convicts in the Hulks, 455

---- of the Names of the City and Police Magistrates, 504, 505

---- of the Churches and other places of Worship in the Metropolis,
568

---- of the Seminaries of Education in the Metropolis, 569, 570

---- of the Societies for promoting Religion and Morality, 570, 571

---- of the Societies for promoting the Arts, 571

---- of the Asylums for the Indigent and Helpless, 572

---- of the Hospitals for the Sick and for Pregnant Women in the
Metropolis, 573

---- of the Institutions for Charitable and Humane Purposes, 574, 575

---- of the Charity annually distributed in the Metropolis estimated
at L850,000 a year, 357, 358

---- of the Courts for Civil and Criminal Justice in the Metropolis,
577-582

---- of the Prisons in the Metropolis, _ibid._

---- of the different Classes of Professional Men connected with the
departments of the Law, about 7000 in all, 583

---- of the Number of Writs issued in Middlesex in 1793, with an
extraordinary statement of the Expences on small Law-suits, 585, 586,
587

_Acquittals_, _See_ Prisoners.

_Actions_ at Law for small Debts, 584, 587
Expence enormous beyond all credibility, _ibid._

ACTS OF PARLIAMENT referred to in this Work.

2 Geo. 3. _c._ 28. for preventing Frauds by Persons navigating
Bum-boats on the River Thames, 237, _n._, 269

31 Elizabeth, _c._ 4 }
22 Charles 2d. _c._ 5 }
9 & 10 William 3d. _c._ 41 }
1 George 1st. _stat._ 2. _c._ 25 } Relative to the
9 George 1st. _c._ 8 } Protection of
17 Geo. 2d. _c._ 40 } his Majesty's
9 Geo. 3d. _c._ 35 } Stores, 261-263
12 Geo. 3d. _c._ 24 }

14 Geo. 3d. _c._ 90, for regulating the Westminster Watch, &c., 107

25 Edward 3d. _stat._ 5. _c._ 2 }
1 Mary, _stat._ 2. _c._ 6 }
1 & 2 P. & M. _c._ 11 }
5 Eliz. _c._ 11 }
14 Eliz. _c._ 3 }
18 Eliz. _c._ 1 }
7 William 3d. _c._ 3 } Relative to the
8 & 9 William 3d. _c._ 26 } Coinage and
9 & 10 William 3d. _c._ 21 } disposal of
7 Anne, _c._ 24, 25 } Base Money, 192, 193, 194
15 & 16 Geo. 2d. _c._ 28 }
11 Geo. 3d. _c._ 40 }
37 Geo. 3d. _c._ 126 }
38 Geo. 3d. _c._ 59-67 }
39 Geo. 3d. _c._ 75 }

33 Henry 8th. _c._ 1 } Relative to Cheats
30 Geo. 2d. _c._ 24 } and Swindlers, 113, 114

9 Anne, _c._ 14 }
8 Geo. 1st. _c._ 2 } Relative to
12 Geo. 2d. _c._ 28 } Gaming, 134, 135

9 Geo. 2d. _c._ 5. relative to Fortune-tellers being punished by
standing four times in the Pillory, 130

3 & 4 William 3d. _c._ 9 }
1 Anne, _c._ 9 }
5 Anne, _c._ 31 }
4 Geo. 1st. _c._ 11 } Relative to
29 Geo. 2d. _c._ 30 } Receivers of
30 Geo. 2d. _c._ 24 } Stolen Goods, 298-300
2 Geo. 3d. _c._ 28 }
10 Geo. 3d. _c._ 48 }
21 Geo. 3d. _c._ 69 }
22 Geo. 3d. _c._ 58 }

5 Edw. 3d. _c._ 14 } Relative to the Office &
34 Edw. 3d. _c._ 1 } power of Constables, 387

8 Geo. 2d. _c._ 16. relative to Hue and Cry, 389

4 William & Mary, _c._ 8 }
6 & 7 William & Mary, _c._ 17 }
10 & 11 William 3d. _c._ 23 }
5 Anne, _c._ 31 }
6 Geo. 1st. _c._ 23 } Relative to Rewards
3 Geo. 2d. _c._ 16 } for apprehending
14 Geo. 2d. _c._ 6 } different classes
15 Geo. 2d. _c._ 34 } of offenders, 390-392
15 & 16 Geo. 2d. _c._ 28 }
16 Geo. 2d. _c._ 15 }
3 Geo. 3d. _c._15 }

25 Edward 3d. stat. 5. _c._ 2; 36 Geo. 3d. _c._ 7, relative to
_High Treason_, 38, 39

25 Henry 8th. _c._ 6. Sodomy made capital, 46

18 Eliz. _c._ 7, Rape made capital, 46, 47

3 Henry 7th. _c._ 2 } Forcible marriage and
39 Eliz. _c._ 9 } Defilement made capital, 48

6 Henry 4th. _c._5 } Mayhem or Maiming
22 & 23 Charles 2d. _c._2 } made capital, 49

35 George 3d. _c._ 67, Polygamy punished by Transportation, _ibid._

King Athelstan's Law (anno 956) punished Theft with Death, if
above the value of One Shilling, 51

9 Henry 1st. punished Theft with Death (anno 1108), 52

23 Henry 8th. _c._ 1 }
1 Edw. 6th. _c._ 12 }
5 & 6 Edw. 6. _c._ 9 } As to Felonies in
39 Eliz. _c._15 } Dwelling-Houses, 54, 55
3 & 4 William & Mary, _c._ 9 }
10 & 11 William 3d. _c._ 23 }
12 Anne, _stat._ 1 _c._ 7 }

23 Henry 8th. _c._ 1 } Relative to Arson and
43 Eliz. _c._ 13 } Burning Houses,
22 & 23 Charles 2d. _c._ 7, 11 } Barns, Corn, Underwood,
1 Geo. 1st. _c._ 48 } Ships, &c., 56, 57
4 George 1st. _c._ 12 }
9 ---- 1st. _c._ 22 }
10 ---- 2d. _c._ 32 }
27 ---- 2d. _c._ 25 }
9 ---- 3d. _c._ 21 }
12 ---- 3d. _c._ 24 }

18 Eliz. _c._ 7 }
3 & 4 William & Mary, _c._ 9 } Relative to
12 Anne, _stat._ 1. _c._ 7 } Burglary, 57

1 Edw. 6th. _c._ 12 }
21 Jac. 1st. _c._ 6 } Relative to the
3 & 4. William & Mary, _c._ 9 } Benefit of Clergy, 439
4 & 5 William and Mary, _c._ 24 }
5 Anne, _c._ 6 }

4 Geo. 13. _c._ 11; 6 Geo. 1st. _c._ 23, legalizing Transportation
to the Colonies, 436, 437

The same Statute appropriated the Services of Convicts, 454

16 Geo. 3d. first legalized the system of the Hulks, 455

16 Geo. 3d. _c._ 23, legalized Penitentiary Houses in Counties,
_ibid._

19 Geo. 3d. _c._ 74, legalized two National Penitentiary Houses,
456

24 Geo. 3d. _stat._ 2. _c._ 56, relative to Transportation and the
Hulks, 460

27 Geo. 3d. _c._ 2; 30 Geo. 3d. _c._ 47, relative to New South
Wales, 462

28 Geo. 3d. _c._ 24, contracts for Convicts, _ibid._

2 Will. & Mary, _c._ 8, relative to paving the Metropolis, 592

10 Geo. 2d. _c._ 22 }
11 Geo. 3d. _c._ 29 } Relative to the
14 Geo. 3d. _c._ 78 } Police of the City
33 Geo. 3d. _c._ 75 } of London, 592-597
34 Geo. 3d. _c._ 65--(_Watermen_),}

27 Elizabeth } divided the City }
16 Chars. 1st. } into Wards }
29 George 2d. _c._ 25 }
31 ---- 2d. _c._ 17 } Relative to the
2 ---- 3d. _c._ 21 } Police of London
3 ---- 3d. _c._ 23 } and Westminster, 593, 594
5 ---- 3d. _c._ 13 & 50 }
11 ---- 3d. _c._ 22 }
14 ---- 3d. _c._ 90 }

28 ---- 2d. _c._ 9 } Relative to the Police
6 ---- 3d. _c._ 24 } of Southwark, 594

6 Henry 6th. _c._ 5 }
6 ---- 8th. _c._ 10 } Relative to the System
23 ---- 8th. _c._ 5 } of the Sewers, 594, 595
25 ---- 8th. _c._ 10 }
3 & 4 Edw. 6th. _c._ 8 }
1 Mary, _stat._ 3. _c._ 11 }
13 Eliz. _c._ 9 }
8 James, _c._ 14 }
7 Anne, _c._ 10 }

9 Anne, _c._ 23 }
10 ---- _c._ 19 }
12 ---- _stat._ 1. _c._ 14 }
1 Geo. 1st. _c._ 57 }
12 ---- 1st. _c._ 2 }
30 ---- 2d. _c._ 22 }
4 ---- 3d. _c._ 36 } Relative to Hackney
7 ---- _c._ 44 } Coaches and Chairs, 595
10 ---- _c._ 44 }
11 ---- _c._ 24, 28 }
12 ---- _c._ 49 }
24 ---- _stat._ 2. _c._ 27 }
26 ---- _c._ 72 }
32 ---- _c._ 47 }
33 ---- _c._ 75 }

1 Geo. 1st. _c._ 57 }
18 ---- 2d. _c._ 38 } Relative to Carts and
24 ---- 2d. _c._ 43 } other Carriages in
30 ---- 2d. _c._ 22 } the Metropolis, 596
24 ---- 3d. _c._ 27 }

21 Geo. 3d. _c._ 57, relative to Bullock-hunting, 597

26 Geo. 3d. _c._ 71, as to Slaughtering Horses, 104, _n._

_Adultery_, not in the Criminal Code, 35

_Advertising_ Bill-discounters and Money lenders to be regulated,
118, 119

_Alehouses_, a great source of Crimes and Nuisances when
ill-regulated, 85, 311, &c. 324, &c.
In 5000 Alehouses within the Bills of Mortality upwards of
L3,300,000 a year spent in Beer, Spirits, &c., 327
Profligate Characters entrusted with Licences a source of much
mischief, 325, 326

_Alfred_, His Laws relative to Murder, 44

_Alton's_ Liquid Test to detect counterfeit Gold and Silver Coin, 180

_Ancestors._ Their Laws had an immediate reference to the prevention
of Crimes, 3

_Anecdotes_--Of an American Vessel plundered in the Thames in an
extraordinary manner, 219

---- of a Guinea Vessel plundered, _ibid._

---- of the plunder and imposition on a Canada Merchant, 229

---- of an Officer of Justice, who discovered an instance of pillage
in one of the dock-yards, 283

---- Respecting the Lottery, the astonishing number of persons
supported by fraudulent Insurances, 156, _n._

---- of the Jews in London, the extraordinary depravity of the
lowest orders, 148-150

---- of the different Classes of Cheats, 130

---- of a Robbery in the Drawing-room at St. James's, 127

---- of a Female Money-lender to Barrow Women, _ibid._

---- of a Fortune-teller, 129

---- of a Police Officer watching the house of a Receiver of Stolen
Goods, 306, _n._

---- of a Jew who had committed a Rape, 431, _n._

---- of Sir Matthew Hale, 432, _n._

---- of the Justices of Chester, a singular circumstance, 52, 53

---- of a respectable Magistrate of the City, 513, _n._

---- of Monsieur De Sartine Minister of the Police of Paris, an
extraordinary circumstance, 525-530

---- of the Emperor Joseph the Second, 527, 528, 529

_Apprentices_ corrupted by Receivers of Stolen Goods, &c., 12

---- harboured in Public-houses, in Clubs for purposes of lewdness
and debauchery, 315, _n._

---- Their immoral education, one cause of the origin of Crimes,
314-317

---- Neglect of superior Tradesmen in boarding Apprentices out of
their houses, 316, 317, _n._

_Arrests_ for Felony, four modes practised, 388

---- deficiency in the Law protecting Lottery vagrants and others
from being arrested on Sundays, 390

_Arson_, punished capitally, 56

_Asylums_, an establishment recommended for discharged Convicts, 99,
100

---- for the Indigent in the Metropolis, 572

---- for Sick, Lame, and Diseased, 573

_Athelstan's_ Laws relating to Death, 51

_Athenian_ Laws relative to Murder, 43

_Auctioneers_ called _diurnal_, with Puffers, 117

B.

_Bacon_, Lord--Suggested a revision of the Criminal Code, 7

_Ballad Singers_--might, from an Evil, be made an advantage to
Society, 348

_Bank Notes_ and Bills received, knowing the same to be stolen--not
an offence by any existing Law, 8, 114 _n._

_Barkers_ at Auctions, 117

_Beadles_ ought to be rewarded for useful public Services, 415

---- The proper persons to apply to when nuisances are to be removed,
598

_Beccaria_, Marquis, his opinion of Punishments, 53, _n._

---- his maxim relative to Pardons, 449, _n._

_Beggars_, _See_ Poor.

_Benefit of Clergy_ extended to all ranks, 436

_Bentham_ (Jeremy, Esq.) his proposal for a Penitentiary House for
Convicts, and remarks thereon, 481-495

_Bill Discounters_, or Advertising Money-Lenders, 118, 119

_Board of Police_, _See_ Police.

_Bolton_, Matthew, Esq. of Birmingham, number of Penny Pieces
supplied by him, 186, _n._

_Botany Bay_, _See_ Convicts, New South Wales.

_Brokers_, in pawns, to be registered, 108, 304

_Building Materials_, dealers in, to be licenced, 549

_Bullock-hunting_, the Laws relative to it, 597

_Burglary_, not so frequent on the Continent as in England, 94

---- by what classes of men committed, 95, 96

---- systematically planned and executed, 101, 103

---- remedies proposed, 104

---- definition of Burglary and how punished, 57

---- called Hamsockne in the North of England, 58

C.

_Carts_ and other Carriages, the Laws relative to them, 595, 596

_Casual Poor_, _See_ Poor.

_Chance Medley_, how punished, 45

_Charities_ in the Metropolis:
Parish Schools for Education, 569
Societies for promoting Religion and Morality, 570
Asylums for the Helpless and Indigent, 572
Hospitals for the Sick and Pregnant Women, 573
Dispensaries for the Poor, 574
Institutions for Charitable Purposes (_See Poor_), _ibid._

_Cheapside_, a general rendezvous for Thieves, and the reason, 106,
107

_Cheats_, the offence of cheating defined by Law, 113
The different classes of Cheats explained; who are more or less
engaged in acts of Fraud, in the Metropolis, 109, 110, &c. 131

_China_, its Laws, and Punishment for High-Treason, 40
Parricide, 41
Murder, 44
Theft, 52

_Chips_, _See_ Dock-yards.

_Churches_ and Places of Worship in the Metropolis, 568

_Coaches and Chairs_ in the Metropolis (_and See Hackney Coaches;
Night Coaches_), 595, 596

_Coasting Vessels_, &c. purchase embezzled Stores, 255

_Coin_ counterfeited, and Coiners:
Extensive Circulation of base Coin, 15, 16
The evils attending it, 117, 118
Foreign Coin fabricated in England, _ibid._

_Coiners_, 120 discovered, 18
Vast amount of Coin counterfeited, 181
Different Coins fabricated, 173
The process used in making the different kinds of base Money, 174,
184
The period when the trade of dealing in base Money acquires its
greatest vigour, 188
Deficiencies of the present Laws, 208
Remedies proposed, 191-208

_Colleges_, five in London, 569

_Commons and waste Lands_, the source of evil by encouraging the
idle Poor, 83

_Constables_, in the Metropolis, 1040 in London, Westminster,
Middlesex, the Tower Liberty and Southwark, 397, 398, 399
Their power by the Common Law extensive, explained, 390
Rewards necessary to excite attention, 392
Rewards to Constables, and persons apprehending various classes of
Criminals, 390
Propositions for rendering them more useful and respectable,
405-410

_Convicts_ discharged from the Hulks from 1792 to 1799, 98
Number sent to the Hulks from the commencement of the
Establishment, to December 12, 1795, 7999, 463
Expence of the support of Convicts transported in the Hulks, 465,
466-480, _n._
General Statements, shewing the periods of their discharge, and
the number pardoned, escaped and discharged, 463-465
A statement of their Earnings at Woolwich and Langston Harbour,
467, 468
The inefficacy of this mode of Punishment, 469, 470
Transported to New South Wales--Accounts of the Number and
Expence, 472-474
Opinion of the Finance Committee on the inefficacy of the whole
System, 475, &c.
Proposals for employment of Convicts in Penitentiary Houses by
Jeremy Bentham, Esq., 481-495
Further Regulations in the Penitentiary System suggested, 495, 500

_Copper_ Money, _See_ Coiners.

_Corn_, and Provender stolen in the Country, how disposed of in the
Metropolis, 88

_Courts_ of Justice in the Metropolis:
Courts for the trials of Crimes, Misdemeanors, Trespasses, &c.
_Two_ superior and _Five_ inferior, 428
9 Supreme Courts in the Metropolis, 577
4 Ecclesiastical Courts, Doctors Commons, _ib._
17 Courts of Justice in the City of London, 478, 479
8 Courts of Justice in Westminster, 579, 580
15 Courts of Justice in that part of Middlesex which joins the
Metropolis, 580, 581
8 Courts of Justice in Southwark, 581, 582

_Crimes_, Specification of some not punishable by Law, 8, 35, 36
The cause of their increases, &c., 24, 25
should be prevented rather than punished, 32, 33
punishable with Death--a List of them, 437, 438, 439
punishable with Transportation, 440, 441
punishable with Fine and Imprisonment, 442
punishments on Rogues and Vagabonds, 443
the encouragements to Crimes held out by the present System, 449
increased by the imperfections of the Law, relative to small
Debts, 585, 586
_See_ Offenders: Thieves.

_Criminal_ Code, a Revision of proposed, 7, 8

---- its imperfections, 24, 25

---- its great severity, 33, 53
_See_ Emperor Joseph's Criminal Code.

_Criminal_ People, Their boldness and many chances of escaping, 20,
21

---- many thousands in the Metropolis who subsist illegally, 21

---- likely to be increased, 24

---- although unfit for the Navy and Army from diseases, ruptures,
&c. are yet capable of committing crimes, 99, 100

---- the measures used to effect their purposes, 100, 104

---- they make contracts with Receivers, 104

---- increase by means of base Money, 211

_Custom_-House Officers, called Glut-men, connive at pillage and
plunder, 232

D.

_Dead Horses_, and other Animals, Dealers in, to be regulated, 109

_Dealers_ in old Metals and Stores, their great increase, 12

---- their mischievous tendency, 292, 293

---- Regulations proposed, 292, 293, 303, 548, 549

_Death_, The number of Crimes punishable with Death by the English
Law, 5, 437

---- Abrogated in the Roman Empire, by the Portian Law, 6

---- Inadequate to the ends of Justice, 6

---- Impropriety of inflicting death, except for the highest
offences, 30, 53, 58

---- Jewish Law relative to death, 43

---- Athenian Law, _ib._

---- Roman ditto, _ib._

---- Chinese ditto, 44

---- Persian ditto, 43

---- Saxon ditto, 44

---- Alfred's ditto, _ib._

---- Athelstan's ditto, 51

---- Abolished in the Imperial Dominions of Joseph II. anno 1767, 60

---- Theft first punished by death by Henry I. nearly 700 years ago,
437

---- A specification of the several offences punishable with death
by the Laws of England, 437, 438, 439

_Debts_, The difficulty and expence of recovering small sums, 584,
585, 586, 587

---- An astonishing Document, proving the vast extent of the injury,
587, _n._

---- A Remedy proposed, 586, 588

_Depredations_ on the Public, in the River and Dock-yards, Chap.
viii. 214, &c. ix. 250, &c.

---- on Sugar and West India Produce, 240, 241

---- from Sugar Samples, upwards of 60,000_l._ a year, 235, _n._

---- does not much exceed 15_s._ per cent. on the Moving Property,
215

_Detection_ of Offenders:

---- The deficiency of the Law in this respect, 12, 13, 14, 15-20

---- further elucidated and explained, 381, 421, 422

_Die Sinkers_ for base Money, the number employed, 184

_Directions_, and Cautions to avoid being cheated, 124, 125, 126,
127, &c.

---- As to the mode of proceeding in case of Fraud or Robbery, 383,
_n._

_Dispensaries_, in London, 574

_Distresses_ of the Poor arising from the delusion of the Lottery
(See _Lottery_), 154, 155

_Docks_ in the River will not supersede the necessity of a River
Police, 217, _n._

_Dock-yards_, on the Plunder and Peculation therein, 249-287

---- Fees to Officers one source of the Evil, 251

---- Frauds in receiving, detaining, and selling Stores, 253-259

---- The Perquisite of Chips, 256, 257, _n._

---- The amount of Public Property in Navy, Victualing and Ordnance
Stores, estimated at 7,000,000_l._, 260

---- Laws now existing for protecting of this Property, 261-3

---- Their deficiency, and Remedies proposed through the means of
the Legislature, by A General Police System, 264

---- A Local Police for the Dock-yards, 265

---- Legislative Regulations in aid of these Systems, 269

---- Through the Admiralty, by regulating the sale of old Stores,
274-280

---- Abolishing the Perquisite of Chips, 281

---- ---- of Fees, and increasing Salaries, 282

---- Improving the mode of keeping Accounts, 284

---- Making an annual Inventory of Stores, 286

_Dollars_, counterfeited, 173

---- (stamped) the iniquities practised in counterfeiting and
exporting, detected by the Author of this Work, 172, 173, _n._

_Draco_, his sanguinary boast, 33

E.

_Education_, The great inattention to in the lower ranks one cause
of Crimes, 34, 311

---- Seminaries for, in the Metropolis, estimated at 4050, 569

_Egyptians_, Their Laws for the punishment of certain offences, 41

_Embezzlement_ of Public Stores. See _River Plunder--Dock-yards_.

_Emperor_ Joseph the Second abolished the punishment of Death, 60

---- His edict on promulgating his New Criminal Code, 61

---- Abstract of his New Code, 63

---- A singular Anecdote concerning this Prince, 528, 529

_Estimates_, That Receivers of stolen Goods have increased from 300
to 3000 in the Metropolis, 9, 12

---- of moving Property on the River Thames (_table_), 215

---- ---- arriving, departing, and circulating in the Port of
London, 216, 217

---- ---- belonging to the Public, Naval, and Warlike Stores, &c.,
260

---- of Chips in Dock-yards, 256, 257, _n._

---- of Streets, Houses, and Families in London, 411, _n._

---- of Public Houses, 110

---- of Persons employed in fraudulent Lotteries, 156, _n._

---- of the number of Members of Friendly Societies, 157

---- of the number of Jews, 147, 148

---- of the Officers of Justice, Beadles, Watchmen, and Patroles
2044, 413, 414

---- of Magistrates, acting in the Metropolis, 416, 417, 418

---- of Convicts, and others discharged from Prisons, 96, _n._, 97

---- of Prisoners tried in 1793 and 1754, 448

---- of the Produce of Labour of Convicts in the Hulks (See
_Convicts: Police_), 467

_Exports_ from the River Thames in one year 29,640,000_l._
(_table_), 215, 216

F.

_Farmers_, petty Depredations on them, 86, 89

_Faro Tables_ and Games of Chance, their evil Tendency, 135, 136

---- particularly in private Houses of Persons of Rank, 148

_Felo de se_, how punished by different Laws, 43, 44

_Felonies_, Public and Private defined, 43

---- A specific Detail of the different Felonies, distinguishing the
Punishments, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441

_Female Prostitution._ _See_ Prostitutes.

_Fielding_, Henry } Excellent Magistrates, &c., 453, _n._
_Fielding_, Sir John }

_Finance Committee_ of the House of Commons, their useful Labours
and Opinions on various Subjects (See _Police_), 251, _n._, 264,
419, 427, 469, 514, 516, 558, _n._

_Fires_ in London, the Laws relative to them, 597, 598

_Forcible Marriage_, how punished by different Laws, 48

_Foreign Coin_ counterfeited in England, 17, 18, 184, 190

_Foreigners_, their opinion of the English System of Police, 522

---- the insecurity likely to arise from so many of them acquiring
a knowledge of the English Language, 530

_Fortune-tellers_, their evil tendency, &c., 128, 130

_Founders_ of Metals, an object of regulation as a means of
preventing Crimes, 10, 540, _n._

_France_, its Laws relative to Receivers of stolen Goods, 302, _n._

---- ---- to Sodomy, 46

---- its former Police, curious Anecdotes of, 525

_Frauds_ on the Public in the Metropolis:

---- in the Naval Department of two sorts, 256, 257

---- and Forgeries specifically detailed, 111, 112, &c.

_French language_, the inconvenience and insecurity from its being
so generally spoken, 530

_Friendly Societies_, an Estimate of the number of Members, 575

---- a proposition to guard them against the Evils of the Lottery,
157

G.

_Gaming_, among the lower Ranks in Public Houses, a vast source of
Crimes, 324

---- the Law relative to, and Penalties, 134, 135

---- the systematic confederacy of certain Gaming Establishments
fully developed, 136-147

---- Estimated amount of the Money annually lost and won by Gaming,
143

---- the evil Consequences of Gaming, and dreadful effects to many
respectable Families, 148

---- the bad example to menial Servants of Persons of Fashion, 150,
151

_Gin_, the astonishing quantity drank in London, 327, _n._

---- the advantages arising from a High Price, 328, _n._

_Grecian Law_ relative to Sodomy, 46

---- ---- to Polygamy, 49

H.

_Hackney Coaches_, to be regulated by the Police, (and see _Night
Coaches_), 105, 106, 305, 547, 556

---- Laws relative to them, 402

_Hale_, Sir Matthew, his opinion of criminal Indictments, 432, _n._

_Hawkers and Pedlars_, to be licensed by Magistrates, 116, 117

---- their fraudulent Practices, 116, &c.

_High Treason_, See _Treason_.

_Highway Robberies_, by what classes committed, 95

---- systematically planned and executed, 102, 103

---- suggestions for preventing them by means of a Travelling
Police, 109, _n._

_Homicide_, 45, 46

_Horse Patroles_ proposed, 109, _n._

_Horses Stolen_, receiving them as such no Crime, 9, _n._

---- how to be remedied, 303, 550

---- Frauds and Felonies respecting, immense, 103, _n._, 115, _n._

_Hospitals_ in the Metropolis, 573

_Houses_ in the Metropolis 160,000, and upwards, 568

_Houses of Correction_, authorized in different Counties, 455

---- Regulations, 459, 460

_Hue and Cry_, a particular means of arresting Criminals, 388, 389

_Hulks_, the depravity of the Convicts confined in them, 24

---- First instituted in 1776, 455

---- Regulations by Parliament (See _Convicts_), 461

I. & J.

_Idle Poor_, the Funds appropriated for their support a Public Evil,
80, 82, &c.

_Jews_, (Dutch) their mode of Education a National Injury, as it
promotes Idleness and Profligacy among the lower ranks, 119, 319

---- Objects of regulation as Dealers in old Metals and Apparel, 120

---- the principal Utterers of base Coin, 182, 190

---- the deplorable state of the lower orders belonging to the Dutch
Synagogues, and the difficulties in making them useful, 120, 319, &c.

---- they are generally the medium by which stolen Goods are
concealed and sold, 292

_Jewish Synagogues_ in London, 568

_Jewish Laws_ relative to Murder, 43

---- ---- Sodomy, 46

---- ---- Rape, 47

---- ----Theft, 52

_Immorality_ of worse consequence than Political Crimes, 34

---- striking proofs adduced, 35, 36

_Imports and Exports_ to and from the Port of London, abstract of
(_table_), 215, 216

---- of Sugar and Rum for a year to March 25, 1799, 234, _n._

_Imprisonment for Debt_, its impolicy and evil consequences in
producing moral Crimes, 390, 394, &c.

_Indigence_, one cause of Crimes (See _Poor_), 352

_Inhabitants_ of London, number estimated at one Million at least,
569

_Inns of Court_ and Chancery in London, _ib._

_Institutions_ for useful, charitable, and humane purposes in the
Metropolis, 376, 381

_Irish_, the lower Ranks great Utterers of base Money, 189

_Iron Shops_, great Receptacles of stolen Goods, 293

_Judges of England_, their great purity adds lustre to their own and
the National Character, 430

---- the extreme labour attached to their Situations, a Proposition
for the reducing it, 590

K.

KING, his Majesty's goodness and love of Mercy exemplified in pardon
to Convicts, 22

_King's Stores_, Men employed to remove the _broad arrow_ from
Public Stores, 258

---- Abuses and Evils from the Sale of Old Stores, 256

---- Stolen, embezzled, &c. in the Thames, 257

L.

_Landed Interest_, Depredations on by petty Thefts calculated at
4_s._ per Acre per annum, 89

_Larceny_, the Definition of this Offence, and the punishment, 50

---- Grand Larceny defined, 50, 55

_Law_, the different classes of Professional Men in the Metropolis,
583

_Laws_ of England, (_Criminal_) Deficient with regard to the
prevention of Crimes, abridging Liberty, and rendering Property
insecure, and in some instances even Life itself, 94, 95, 100

---- Punishments, from their severity, defeat the ends of Justice,
43, 53

---- Above 160 Offences punishable with Death, 437

---- When incompatible with Justice Law should be repealed, 8, 301

---- Some Offences, injurious to Society, not punished at all, 8, 9,
34, 35, 36

---- Criminal Law explained, with respect to various Offences:
High Treason, 38
Public Felonies against the State, 42
Private Felonies specifically considered, viz:
Murder, 43, 44
Manslaughter, 44, 45
Homicide by Misadventure, 45
Chance Medley, _ib._
Self-Defence, _ib._
Rape, 46, 48
Forcible Marriage, 48
Polygamy, 49
Mayhem, _ib._
Grand Larceny, 50
Petty Larceny, 50, 51
Mixed Larceny, 54, 55
Offences punishable by the Laws of England; a List of, 437, &c.

_Law-suits_, See _Writs_, _Debts_.

_Lewdness_ and Debauchery prevail in all ill-regulated Public Houses
(See _Alehouses_), 311

_Liberty_ of the subject abridged by Thieves and Robbers, 2, 93

---- not by salutary Regulations to prevent Robbery, 13, 14, 308,
309, 545

_Licences_ proposed on Milk Dealers, 92

---- on various trades connected with the Receivers of stolen Goods
(See _Police_), 540, _n._, 549, 550

_Lightermen_ on the Thames assist in Pillage and Plunder, 228

_Lighting_, &c. the Metropolis, 592

_Little Goes_, a private Lottery, a contrivance of a recent date,
brought forward by the Lottery Cheats to keep alive the delusion and
fever on the minds of the Poor all the year round, 152

_Livery Stable Keepers_, proposed to be regulated (See _Horses_),
109, 541

_Lodgers_, and Lodging Houses, proposed to be registered, 105, 539

_London_, comprehending the Metropolis. Its Commerce (See _River
Plunder_)

---- The Magistrates, a list of; also Public Offices, 504, 505

---- Houses, Streets, Families, and Inhabitants, 411

---- Its prodigious Extent and Opulence, 567

---- Places of Religious Worship, 482

---- Seminaries for Education, 569

---- Institutions for promoting Morality, 570

---- For the Arts, 571

---- Asylums for the Indigent and Helpless, 572

---- For the Sick, Lame, &c., 573

---- Dispensaries, 574

---- Charitable Institutions, 574

---- Courts of Justice, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582

---- Prisons, 582

---- Municipal Regulations of the Metropolis, relative to Watching,
Lighting, Fires, &c. &c., 591

_London_, so called, (the City):

---- The utility of a closer Connection between the Aldermen and
Police Justices, 420

---- The great respectability of the Magistrates of London, 512

---- The vast Labour of their official Situation, 513

---- Magistrates with Salaries proposed, to ease them of that part
of the Labour which relates to Criminal Offences, 518

---- The great Labour attached to the Office of Lord Mayor, 513

---- Reasons assigned in favour of an Improvement of the Police of
the City, by means of assisting Justices, _ib._

---- The advantages which would result from such a System, 517

_Lottery_, A great means of corrupting the Morals of the Lower
Orders of the People, 11

---- Lottery Insurers cheats of the worst class, 151-159

---- Their evil Practices explained, and their devises to carry them
on in despite of the Law, 152, 153

---- Menial Servants contribute considerably to their support, 153,
154

---- The astonishing extent of their Transactions, 154, 155

---- The misery attendant on the Lottery delusion to the Poor, who
fill the Pawnbrokers' Shops during the drawing of it, 155

---- The amazing amount of the premiums for Insurances yearly, 154,
156, _n._

---- Estimated amount of fraudulent Insurances per annum
10,460,000_l._, 143

---- The astonishing number of Lottery Insurers, with their
Appendages, consisting of _Clerks_, _Morocco-men_, _Bludgeon-men_,
and _Ruffians_, employed during the Drawing of the Two Lotteries
each year, 156, _n._

---- The Lottery might be rendered useful to the State if the poorer
classes could be shielded from its mischief, 157, 556

---- The evils attending on its present Plan, and the audacious
conduct of the miscreants engaged in fraudulent Insurances in
resisting the Civil Power, explained, 156, _n._, 158, 159

---- Their Profits said to be immense during the English Lottery
1796, 159

---- The exertions of the Magistrates rendered more peculiarly
necessary to check this evil during the time of drawing the
Lotteries, 159

---- Expedients proposed for guarding the Poor against the
mischiefs, of future Lotteries, digested under eight different
Heads, 160, 161, 162

---- Three plans for drawing the Lottery in such a manner as to
prevent Insurance, 163, 170

_Louis d'Ors_, coined in England, 17, 190

_Loyal Military Associations_, the Country much indebted to them,
533, _n._

_Lumpers_ or Labourers on the River (See _River Plunder_), 226

M.

_Magistrates_, their Duty with regard to Public Houses (See
_Alehouses_.)

---- Their great utility when their Power and Influence are
prudently and judiciously employed, 383, 422, 423

---- The number Of Magistrates in the Metropolis, 270

---- The number who sit daily in rotation, 417, 418

---- The number of persons committed annually for Trial 2500 to
3000, 432, 433

---- The mortification experienced by the Magistrates in seeing
their labour lost in consequence of the chief of these Prisoners
thrown back on Society without punishment, 432, 433

---- A List of the City Magistrates, 504

---- ---- the Police Magistrates, 505

---- Their Duty explained, 506

---- Their Labours cramped for want of pecuniary Funds, 509, 510

---- Magistrates with salaries necessary in every part of the
Metropolis, and benefits arising from them, 517

---- Avocations of the City Magistrates explained, 522

_Manslaughter_ defined, how punished, 44.

_Marine Police Institution_, Origin and Progress of, 239, 248
[Transcriber's Note: should be p. 240]

---- Annual Advantages resulting therefrom to the West India
Planters and the Revenue estimated at 160,000_l._ and upwards,
240, 241, _n._, 242, _n._

---- The effect in restraining River Plunderers, 242, 244

---- Necessity of its being sanctioned by Legislative Regulations,
245, &c.

---- Testimonies to the utility of the System, and the benefits it
has already produced, 242, _n._, 247, 248, _n._, 558, _n._

---- The number employed in this Establishment, 399, _n._, 418

_Marriage_, The evil consequence of the prevailing practice of
Cohabitation without it, 340

_Martin_, Matthew, Esq. his benevolent exertions for relieving the
Poor, 360, 361, _n._

_Mayhem_, Laws relative to it, 49

_Menial Servants_, Their Morals corrupted, how, 154, 155

_Metals_, Dealers in proposed to be regulated, 108, 540, 549

_Metropolis_, vide _London_.

_Milk_, curious particulars as to the Adulteration of, 89, 90, &c.

_Misadventure_, Homicide by, defined, 45

---- how punished, 45, 46

_Misdemeanors_, A list of them punishable by Law, 442

_Money_ counterfeit, vide _Coin_.

_Montesquieu_, Baron, his opinion relative to Thefts, &c., 30, 53

_Morals_, The moral Principles destroyed among the Lower Ranks, 11,
310, &c.

---- Can only be preserved by preventing Crimes, 14

---- Bad education and bad habits destroy Morals, and are the chief
causes of atrocious Crimes, 34, 35, 94, 95, 310, &c.

---- The deficiency of the System for guarding the Morals of the
Lower Orders one great cause of the Corruption of Manners, 36

---- _Other Causes_, The temptations of a great Capital, 35

---- The habit of living improvidently and luxuriously, 312

---- The temptation of fraudulent Lotteries, 151, 152, 159

---- The Facilities held our by Pawnbrokers, Old Iron Shops, and
other Receivers of Stolen Goods, enabling persons to raise Money on
pilfered articles in an easy way, 288, 323

---- The bad examples in ill-regulated Public Houses one great cause
of the Corruption of Morals, 310-324

---- The habit recently practised of Men, Women and Children
spending their time in the Tap-rooms of Alehouses, where all sorts
of Profligacy prevails, exhibited in language and conduct, 310, 314,
324

---- The profligate Characters intrusted with Licences to keep
Alehouses (See _Alehouses_), 325, 326

---- The immoral or careless Education of Apprentices, 314

---- The failure in Business by Mismanagement, Idleness, &c., 317

---- Servants out of Place, 318

---- The mode of Education and Superstition of the Jews, which
prevent them from being apprenticed to Mechanical Employments, 319

---- The vast temptations to plunder, which are held out to Lumpers,
Scuffle-hunters, Mudlarks, Scullers, Lightermen, &c. on the Thames,
from the want of proper Guards, and a proper System for protecting
Property (See _River Plunder--Dock-yards_), 322

---- The temptations held out to fraud from the shocking state of
the Silver and Copper Coinage, and the imperfection of the Mint
Laws, 171, 172

---- The temptations held out in a great Metropolis from the
resource which the influx of Wealth affords to commit acts of
Criminality, giving so many opportunities to live in Idleness, 111,
112

---- The deficiency of the Laws in not taking cognizance of Moral
Crimes, 35, 36

---- Morals of Public Depredators, 251

_Morality_--Men of pure Morals make the best Subjects, 36

---- Against its principle to punish small offences with Death, 59

---- Societies for promoting it, 570

_Mudlarks_, _See_ River Plunder, 230

_Murder_, Laws relative to it, in this and other Countries, 43, 45

N.

_Naval_ Embezzlements and Plunder, &c.
Reasons why not heretofore corrected, 252
Gratuities given, a great evil, 251
The Depredations enormous (_See River Plunder--Dock-yards_), 253

_New South Wales_, Transportation there when first legalized (_See
Convicts_), 460, 462

_Night Coaches_, a great means of promoting Burglaries, 105

---- Propositions for regulating them, 106, 305, 547, 556, 557

O.

_Offences_, 160 punishable with Death, 58
Some not punishable by the Laws, 8, 30, 35
A general List of the various classes of Offences, 437, &c.
_See_ further _Punishments_.

_Officers of Justice_--Their Zeal always proportioned to that shewn
by the Magistrates under whom they act, 384
The importance of choosing men of Respectability, _ibid._
The absurd prejudices against Officers of Justice, 385
The Antiquity and Power of the Officers of Justice, 386
Number of them in the Metropolis, 397, 411, _n._
Officers subjected to considerable risks, 400
Ought to be rewarded--vide _Rewards_.

_Old Bailey_--Its registers shew the necessity of a Prosecutor for
the Crown, 21
Trials anno 1790 and 1791, eight Sessions, 394, 395, 396
Idem and Convicts 1793 and 1794, 448

_Old Iron Shops_, Owners for the most part, generally Receivers--(See
_Receivers_), 10

_Origin of Crimes_, Traced to Alehouses--Bad education of
Apprentices--Servants out of Place--Jews--Receivers--Pawnbrokers--Low
Gaming-Houses--Smuggling--Prisons, Chap. XI. 310-332

---- Female Prostitution (See _Prostitutes_), Ch. XII. 333-345

---- Tea Gardens, 346, 347

---- Ballad Singers, 348, 349

---- State of the Poor (See _Poor_), Chap. XIII. 351-380

P.

_Pagoda_, of Arcot, counterfeited in London, 17, 184, 190

_Pardons_--The devices used to obtain them, 22
Granted to four-fifths of those found guilty of death, 449
Marquis Beccaria's Opinion of Pardons, 450, _n._
Impositions practised to obtain them, _ibid._
Conditions under which they ought to be granted, 451
The evil consequences of free Pardons, 451, 452
A tacit disapprobation of the Law, (_Beccaria_), 59

_Parents_, their Profligacy and inattention to the Education of
their Children, 311, &c.

_Parochial_ Officers in the Metropolis, 397, 398, 416

---- of little use to the Police in the Metropolis, why, 400

_Parricides_, their punishment by the Roman Law, 41
By the Chinese and Egyptian Laws, _ibid._

_Patroles and Watchmen_, their number, 399

---- frequently conspire with Thieves, 106, 108

_Pawnbrokers_ hold out many temptations to the Poor, 115

---- A proposition for regulating them, 116, 550

---- To give security for good behaviour, 116

---- The number in London and the Country, 115, _n._

---- The immense amount of the Goods of the Poor at all times in
their hands, 116, _n._

_Peace_, an epoch when much danger is to be apprehended in the
return of Criminals, 100, 529, 530

_Peace-Officers_--Safeguards of the Community, 384, 385

---- The ill effects of the absurd prejudice against them, 385

---- The number in the Metropolis, 408, 413, 414

_Penitentiary Houses._ Two national ones authorised, but never
erected, 456, 457, 459
An Inspector of Penitentiary Houses should be appointed, (See
_Convicts_), 460

_Penny-Pieces_, 40 Millions of them coined by Mr. Bolton of
Birmingham, 186, _n._

---- why not likely to be much counterfeited, 183, _n._

_Petty Larceny_, how punished, 50, 51

_Pewter Pots_ and Pewter, purchased by Dealers in Old Iron--Protected
by Act 21 Geo. 3d. _c._ 69, 299

_Piracy_ a capital offence, 55

_Pirates_ on the River, their audacious conduct, (See _River
Plunder_).
_Plunder on the River, and Dock-yards_ (See those titles).

POLICE--The advantages resulting from it when well regulated, 1, 2
The insecurity from a deficient Police no where so great as in
England, 3, 4
One cause for the increase of Criminals is the insufficiency of
the Police, 4, 310
The specific causes of the deficiency explained, and the means of
improvement, 24, 25, 26
The disjointed State of the Police one of the causes of the
increase of Stolen Goods, 289
The Establishment of an active Principle strongly enforced, 307
The expences of the Police might be defrayed by itself, under an
improved System, 410
No place of Industry provided by the Police for discharged
Prisoners, (See _Convicts_), 99
Police of the Metropolis explained, 503
City and Police Magistrates now acting, their Names, 504, 505
Their Duty explained, 506, 507
Inconveniences arising from want of Funds, Robberies and Burglaries
not prevented, from this among other Causes, 509, 510
Police Magistrates should have power to give small Rewards for
useful Services, 510, 511
Police Magistrates necessary in all large Societies, 514
Police Magistrates have nothing to do with Politics, 517, _n._
Police System approved by the Manufacturers of Spital Fields, 519,
520, _n._
The great deficiency of the System for want of a Centre Point, 520
Constitutional superintendence of Police rests with the Secretary
of State for the Home Department, 521, 522
The increase of State Business, and the increase of Crimes,
renders a delegation of subordinate management necessary, 520
The utility and absolute necessity of such a System explained,
521, 522
The opinion of Foreigners of the Police of London, _ibid._
The Police of France under the old Government, observations upon
it illustrated by two Anecdotes of M. de Sartine, 524, 525, &c.
The situation of this as well as every Country in Europe makes a
correct System of Police necessary, on account of the profligate
Characters who will infest the Metropolis on the return of
Peace, 529, 530
_A Board of Police_ proposed as the only means of binding together
a disjointed System, and of giving it that energy which the
interest of the Country requires, 531
The new System of Central Police recommended by the
Finance-Committee fully detailed and explained, Chap. XVIII., 535
Reasons suggested by the Committee, 535-539
The leading object the prevention of Crimes, and the raising a
Revenue by Licence Duties, 540, 541
Trades proposed to be Licensed, 540, _n._, 549, 550
Expence of the Police of the Kingdom near L216,000, 542, 543
A Central Board of Police Revenue to be formed by the
consolidation of the two Boards of Hackney Coaches, & Hawkers,
&c., 542-545
The Licensing System to be extended over the Kingdom under the
Controul of this Board, 545-547
Functions of the Commissioners of this Central Board of Police
amply detailed under 20 heads, 547-558
Outline of the Bill proposed to be brought into Parliament for
establishing this Central Board of Police, 559, &c.

_Polygamy_, an improved mode of punishment for, 49

_Poor_, their Distresses, 312, 313, _n._

---- Particularly from the Lottery delusion, 151, 152

---- State of, Cap. XIII., 352-380

---- Casual, the erroneous System respecting them one great cause
of the increase of Crimes, 351
Estimate of Voluntary Contributions for their Relief, L850,000
_per Ann._, 358
Present expence of the Casual Poor not less than L10,000 _per
Ann._, 362, 363
This Relief ill applied, _ibid._
Propriety of consolidating and superintending this Relief, 364
Poverty not an Evil if it does not degenerate into Indigence, 365,
366
The Poor divided into five Classes:
The useful and industrious, 366
Vagrant, 367
Indigent, 368
Aged and Infirm, 369
Infants, _ibid._
The Statute 43 Elizabeth unexceptionable in its principle, but its
execution deficient, 370, 373, 575
Proposals for a _Pauper Police_, to regulate Street Beggars and
Casual Poor, 373-376
Expence thereof L5,230 to be defrayed by contributions from the
Parishes proportioned to the sums now paid by them for Casual
Relief, _ibid._
Benefit of consolidating the Funds of all the Parishes in the
Metropolis, 377, 378
The System should be perfected by the joint efforts of
well-informed individuals, _ibid._

_Prisoners._ An Asylum proposed for those that are discharged, to
prevent their returning to evil practices for want of Work, (See
_Convicts_), 97, 98, _n._, 486

---- Abstracts of the number committed and discharged in the
Metropolis in the course of a year, ending Oct. 1795 (_Table_), 430

---- Number discharged from the eight Gaols in the Metropolis in a
period of four years:

---- ---- 1st. by Proclamation 5,592

---- ---- 2d. Acquittals 2,962

---- ---- 3d. After Punishment 2,484
------
11,038, 96, 97

---- Discharged from 1792 to 1799:

---- ---- 1. 8,650}
---- ---- 2. 4,935} 20,510, 97
---- ---- 3. 6,925}
---- ---- from the Hulks, ditto 11,383
[Transcriber's Note: this figure should be 1,383]
______
21,893, 98

---- Tried at the Old Bailey from Sept. 1790 to 1791, 394

---- Tried at the Old Bailey from April 1793 to 1794, 448

---- Tried in the year 1795, their Crimes and Sentences, 446, 447

---- Committed annually for trial in the Metropolis from 2,500, to
3,000, 96

_Prisons_ in the Metropolis, 331, 582

_Prosecutor for the Crown_--The Utility of such an Establishment,
21, 26
The injury occasioned by the want of it in defeating Justice,
426, 427
A severe Burden on the subject to prosecute, 426
Further Reasons in favour of the Proposition, 430, 432, 539

_Prostitutes_--Their unhappy Situation, and the dreadful
consequences of it, Cap. XII., 333
The evil cannot be prevented, but may be alleviated, 337
Number of Prostitutes of various classes estimated at 50,000, 340
Proposals for regulating them not inconsistent either with
Religion or Morality, 343
The Example of Holland and India quoted, 345

_Public Houses_, vide _Alehouses_.

_Punishments_--defeat their ends by too much Severity, 6
Death should be inflicted as seldom as possible, _ibid._
Disproportionate to the Offences, 6, _n._, 8
A Definition of Punishments, 29
Should be proportioned to the Offence, &c., 29, 30
The objects of inflicting Punishments, _ibid._
General Rules relative to Punishments, 32, 33
The Severity of Punishments exposed, 34, 35, 36, 94
Punishments examined as they apply to the various Offences known
in the English Law, 38, 39, &c.
Punishments by the new Code of the Emperor Joseph, 60, 63
Marquis Beccaria's Opinion and Maxims, 53, _n._
The System of Punishments fully considered, Cap. XVI., 434-500
Punishments inflicted on various Offences by the English Law,
437, 438, 439, &c. &c.
Punishments as now regulated tend to increase Crimes, (See
_Convicts_), 449-452

Q.

_Quarter_ Sessions of the Peace:

---- and General Sessions of Middlesex, in certain Cases, act under
a Commission of Oyer and Terminer, 445

---- Held in London, eight times a year, 428

---- in Westminster, four times a year, _ibid._

---- in Middlesex, eight times a year, _ibid._

---- in Tower Liberty, eight times a year, _ibid._

---- in Surry, four times a year, _ibid._

_Quays_--Plunder committed upon--See _River Plunder_.

R.

_Rape_, Laws Relative, to it in England, Death by 18 Eliz. _c._ 7,
47
The Egyptian Law relative to this Crime, _ib._
The Athenian ditto, _ib._
The Roman ditto, _ib._
The Jewish ditto, _ib._

_Receivers_ of Stolen Property:
Receivers of Cash, or Bank Notes, not punishable, 8
nor of Horses and Cattle, 9, _n._
3000 estimated to be in the Metropolis, 10
The greatest encouragers of Thieves, 9
Their wonderful increase in the last 20 years, 12
Restraints upon them a public benefit, 13, 14, 104
Make previous contracts with Thieves, 103, 291
Hostlers at Watering Houses often Receivers of Corn, &c., 88
Journeymen Butchers receive Cattle, 104
Receivers considered separately, Cap. VIII., 288, 308, &c.
The chief cause of Public Depredation, 289
The different Classes detailed, 292, 293
By 3 and 4 William and Mary, _c._ 9. made Accessaries after the
fact, 294
By 4 Geo. I. _c._ 11. punishable by Transportation for fourteen
Years, 295, 301
The Laws enumerated relative to Receivers, and their defects
pointed out, 293, 301
A proposition to make the Receiving Stolen Goods an original
Offence, 302
Remedies proposed under eight different heads by regulating
certain Classes of Dealers, 303, 307
A System of inspection recommended, 308
Applied to for their assistance in recovering valuable Property
which is stolen, 384

_Religion_, Places of Public Worship in the Metropolis, 568

_Register_ of delinquency proposed to be kept by the Central Board
of Police, 554

_Remedies for Evils mentioned in this Work_:
To remove the Imperfections in the Criminal Code, 24
To improve the System of the Hulks, 27
To improve also the Mode of Transportation, and the Employment of
Convicts, 481, &c.
To establish National Penitentiary Houses, 457, 460
To improve the System in granting Licences to Public Houses--See
_Alehouses_.
To regulate Dealers in Old Iron, Metals, Stores, Old Wearing
Apparel, Founders of Metals, &c. by Licence, 304
To improve the Laws relative to the prevention of Pillage and
Plunder in the River Thames--See _River Plunder_.
To improve the Laws relative to the prevention of Frauds,
Embezzlements, Pillage and Plunder in Ships of War, and
Transports, and in the Naval and other public Arsenals (See
_Dock-yards_), 26, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258
To prevent Highway Robberies and Burglaries, 103
To prevent the Coinage of base Money, and the Sale and Circulation
of the same, 190, 211
To prevent the evil effects of the Devices of Cheats, Swindlers,
Gamblers and fraudulent Persons, viz.
Swindlers in general, 113, 150
Fraudulent Pawnbrokers, 109
Hawkers and Pedlars, 116
Puffing diurnal Auctioneers, 117
Puffing Money Lenders, 118
Illegal Lottery Insurers, 151, 162
Itinerant Jews, 147, 148
Various Classes of Cheats and Swindlers, &c. with Cautions to
Tradesmen and others to beware of them, 131
A general Remedy proposed, 131, 132
To prevent the evil of receiving Stolen Goods, and through this
medium the Commission of Robberies, Burglaries, Thefts,
Larcenies, Embezzlements, Frauds and Swindling, &c. under eight
different heads, 302, 303, 304, &c.
To prevent Justice from being defeated in the apprehension of
Offenders, by Rewards to Officers and others apprehending them
(See _Rewards_), 392, 393
To prevent Frauds in the trial of Offenders by appointing a
Prosecutor for the Crown, 21, 26
To proportion all punishments to the nature of the Offence, and to
abolish sanguinary and severe Punishments, 28, 29, 59, 60
To improve the System with regard to Pardons--(See _Pardons_), 27
To improve the System of Police for the Metropolis, by
establishing a Fund for Rewards, 509, 512
To establish a concurrent Jurisdiction over the whole of the
Metropolis, 419, 420
To establish Police Magistrates in London, 513, _n._
To establish a Board of Police as a centre point, where a
responsible superintending agency, under the Secretary of State
for the Home Department, should be pledged to attend to the
great outlines of the Police of the Metropolis--(See POLICE),
25, 26
A System for the more easy recovery of small Debts, 584, 585, 586,
587
To improve the Municipal Police, by extending the same Laws,
Penalties and Punishments to every part of the Metropolis, 599,
&c.
General View of all the Remedies proposed in this Work, against
the existing Evils which at present infest the Metropolis, Ch.
XX. p. 602, &c.

_Restraints_ imposed on Criminal People cannot affect the Liberty of
the Subject, 13
Those already established to obtain Revenue, severer, 14

_Revenue_ of the Customs greatly injured by River Plunder, 241, _n._

_Rewards_--To be given by Magistrates in order to enable them to
detect offenders--The utility explained, 509-511
Rewards necessary to all classes of Public Officers of Justice,
for the purpose of exciting vigilance, 409, 410
Rewards granted at present for ten specific Offences, detailed,
390, 391
Amount paid by Sheriffs from 1786 to 1797, L.94,430, 393, _n._
Rewards paid on Prosecutions at the Old Bailey from Sept. 1790 to
1791, 394, 395
Small Rewards recommended for detecting inferior Offences, 393, 394
The quantum of the Reward to be left to the discretion of the
Judge, and allowed according to the merit of the parties,
whether there is a conviction or not, 393, 396
Rewards proposed for the detection of Coiners and Utterers of Base
Money, 207
For the detection of Plunderers in the Dock-yards, 272

_River Plunder_, its amazing extent, probably not less than _Half a
Million per annum_, Cap. VIII., 215, 237, 238, 239
Yet not exceeding 15_s._ per Cent. on the value of the Property
exposed, 215, 216, & _table_
13,000 Vessels and more discharge and receive three millions of
Packages annually in the River, 217
Various classes of River Plunderers.
[Transcriber's Note: reference missing in original]

_River Pirates_, (particular instances of their audacious
Depredations), 218, 220
_Night Plunderers_, 220, 223
_Light Horsemen_, or nightly Plunderers of West India Ships,
223, 226
_Heavy Horsemen_, or Lumpers, 226, 227
_Game Watermen_, _ibid._
_Game Lightermen_, 228, 231
_Mud-Larks_, 230
_Revenue Officers_, 231, 232
_Scuffle-hunters_, 233, 234
_Copemen_, or Receivers, 235, 236
See further _Marine Police_.

_Robberies and Burglaries_--not prevented by the Police System of
1792, and the reason why, 509
Chiefly for want of giving small Rewards, 510

_Robbery_, defined, 54

_Roman Laws_, relative to Murder, Theft, 41, 51

S.

_Salaries_, proposed to be increased to the Servants of the Crown,
on the abolition of Perquisites, 282

_Sartine, M. de_, Minister of Police in Paris, two singular
Anecdotes of, 525, 526, &c.

_Saxon Laws_ relative to Murder, 44

_Schools_ in the Metropolis, 569

_Scuffle-hunters_, A class of Labourers who hunt after Work when
Ships are discharging, chiefly with a view to plunder, 233, 234

_Sequin_ of Turkey, counterfeited in London, 18, 184, 190

_Servants_--Corrupted by the temptations of the Metropolis, 12
Particularly by the Lottery, 153, 155

_Sewers_, their origin and great utility, the Acts relative to
them, 591

_Sharpers_, an account of noted Females concerned in different kinds
of Frauds, 127, 130

_Sharpers and Swindlers_, their various devices to defraud the
Public, 114, 115

---- Ought to find security for their Good Behaviour, 135

_Ships_, in the River Thames, the Loss and Inconvenience arising
from the present mode of discharging, (See _River Plunder_)

_Silk Manufacturers_ of Spital-Fields, their Address of Thanks for
the Establishment of the Police System in 1792, 519, 520, _n._

_Societies_ in London for Morals, Arts, &c., 570, 571

_Society_ for the Relief of Persons imprisoned for small Debts, an
excellent Institution, 589

_Sodomy_, the Laws relative to it, and the Punishment, 46

---- Introduced into England by the Lombards, _ibid._