Chapter XXIV: Appendix: (B) (1)

MUSEUM OF HISTORY.

_Established 1844._

This institution is intended to illustrate the History of Man by means of popular Lectures, aided and enforced by scenery, maps, and national costumes, adding every scenic attraction to the higher views of instruction, and combining art, history, philology, and geography; the audience, as it were, being thus transported to the sites themselves.

It is also in contemplation to add _gradually_, as funds shall accumulate--

1. Models and coloured portraits of the races of man.

2. A gallery of architectural models.

3. A cabinet of coins and inscriptions.

4. Collection of views and drawings.

5. Collection of objects illustrative of the arts, sciences,
navigation, commerce, agriculture, amusements, and domestic
economy of ancient and modern nations.

6. Specimens of manufactures.

7. A library and reading-room, to contain the principal British
and foreign periodicals and newspapers, and without distinction of
party; as also the latest publications on subjects connected with
the objects of the institution.

The transactions of the institution will be published.

Illustrated lectures will be given on ancient and modern history, as also on New Zealand and Australia, embracing the modern settlements, and their capabilities for the colonist or emigrant.

Amongst the illustrated lectures to be given will be the following:--

On the Grecians.
On the Byzantines.
On the Modern Greeks.
On the Egyptians.
On the Arabians.
On the Romans.
On Russia and Siberia.
On New Zealand.
On Japan.
On the Ruined Cities of America.

With the aid of transparent maps (on a scale never before attempted) the spectator can follow the historian or traveller step by step, and with the advantages and beauties of scenery combined, is enabled to locate, classify, define, and retain the knowledge thus acquired.

The scenery and machinery have been so constructed, that whilst one series is used in London, others may be speedily sent to Edinburgh and elsewhere, where branch societies will be formed.

The management of the institution to be vested in a council elected by the subscribers, two of whom to retire annually, who may however be eligible for re-election.

TERMS.

For permanently reserved places at the lectures, five guineas per annum.

Ordinary subscribers, two guineas per annum.

Authors, artists, ladies, members of learned societies, and foreigners, one guinea per annum.

Ambassadors, foreign ministers, consuls, and secretaries of learned societies _only_ can become honorary members.

Admission to the public, two shillings for reserved places at the lectures; one shilling for ordinary visitors.

Subscribers to possess the right to be present at all lectures.

Subscribers to meet annually.

Trustees and auditors to be chosen by the subscribers.

* * * * *

All communications may be addressed to W. H. SHIPPARD, Esq., Turnham Green.

_Museum of History,
28th April, 1845._

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF
CATLIN'S INDIAN COLLECTION;

CONTAINING
PORTRAITS, LANDSCAPES, COSTUMES, ETC.,

AND
REPRESENTATIONS OF THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS
OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

COLLECTED AND PAINTED ENTIRELY BY MR. CATLIN,
DURING EIGHT YEARS' TRAVEL AMONGST FORTY-EIGHT TRIBES, MOSTLY SPEAKING
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.

_Exhibited three years, with great success, in the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,
London._

I wish to inform the visitors to my Collection that, having some years since become fully convinced of the rapid decline and certain extinction of the numerous tribes of the North American Indians; and seeing also the vast importance and value which a full _pictorial history_ of these interesting but dying people might be to future ages--I sat out alone, unaided and unadvised, resolved (if my life should be spared), by the aid of my brush and my pen, to rescue from oblivion so much of their primitive looks and customs as the industry and ardent enthusiasm of one lifetime could accomplish, and set them up in a _Gallery unique and imperishable_, for the use and benefit of future ages.

I devoted eight years of my life exclusively to the accomplishment of my design, and that with more than expected success.

I visited with great difficulty, and some hazard to life, forty-eight tribes (residing within the United States, British, and Mexican Territories), containing about half a million of souls. I have seen them in their own villages, have carried my canvas and colours the whole way, and painted my portraits, &c., from the life, as they now stand and are seen in the Gallery.

The collection contains (besides an immense number of costumes and other manufactures) near six hundred paintings, 350 of which are _Portraits_ of distinguished men and women of the different tribes, and 250 _other Paintings_, descriptive of _Indian Countries_, their _Villages_, _Games_, and _Customs_; containing in all above 3000 figures.

As this immense collection has been gathered, and _every painting has been made from nature_, BY MY OWN HAND--and that too when I have been paddling my canoe, or leading my pack-horse over and through trackless wilds, at the hazard of my life--the world will surely be kind and indulgent enough to receive and estimate them, as they have been intended, as _true and fac-simile traces of individual life and historical facts_, and forgive me for their present unfinished and unstudied condition as works of art.

GEO. CATLIN.

INDIAN PORTRAITS.

CERTIFICATES.

----*----

I hereby certify that the persons whose signatures are affixed to the certificates used below, by Mr. Catlin, are officers in the service of the United States, as herein set forth: and that their opinions of the accuracy of the likenesses, and correctness of the views, &c., exhibited by him in his "Indian Gallery," are entitled to full credit,

J. E. POINSETT, Secretary of War, Washington.

----*----

With regard to the gentlemen whose names are affixed to certificates below, I am fully warranted in saying, that no individuals have had better opportunities of acquiring a knowledge of the persons, habits, costumes, and sports of the Indian tribes, or possess stronger claims upon the public confidence in the statements they make respecting the correctness of delineations, &c., of Mr. Catlin's "Indian Gallery;" and I may add my own testimony, with regard to many of those Indians whom I have seen, and whose likenesses are in the collection, and sketched with fidelity and correctness.

C. A. HARRIS, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington.

----*----

I have seen Mr. Catlin's collection of Portraits of Indians, many of which were familiar to me, and painted in my presence; and, as far as they have included Indians of my acquaintance, the _likenesses_ are easily recognised, bearing the most striking resemblance to the originals, as well as faithful representations of their costumes.

W. CLARK, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, St. Louis.
----*----

I have examined Mr. Catlin's collection of the Upper Missouri Indians to the Rocky Mountains, all of which I am acquainted with, and indeed most of them were painted when I was present, and I do not hesitate to pronounce them correct likenesses, and readily to be recognised. And I consider the _costumes_, as painted by him, to be the _only correct representations_ I have ever seen.

JOHN F. A. SANFORD,

U. SS. Indian Agent for Mandans, Rickarees, Minatarees,
Crows, Knisteneaux, Assinneboins, Blackfeet, &c.
----*----

Having examined Mr. Catlin's collection of Portraits of Indians of the Missouri and Rocky Mountains, I have no hesitation in pronouncing them, so far as I am acquainted with the individuals, to be the best I have ever seen, both as regards the expression of countenance and the exact and complete manner in which the costume has been painted by him.

J. L. BEAN, S. Agent for Indian Affairs.
----*----

I have been for many years past in familiar acquaintance with the Indian tribes of the Upper Missouri and the Rocky Mountains, and also with the landscape and other scenes represented in Mr. Catlin's collection, and it gives me great pleasure to assure the world that, on looking them over, I found the likenesses of my old friends easily to be recognised, and his sketches of Manners and Customs to be portrayed with singular truth and correctness.

J. PILCHER, Agent for Upper Missouri Indians.
----*----

It gives me great pleasure in being enabled to add my name to the list of those who have spontaneously expressed their approbation of Mr. Catlin's collection of Indian Paintings. His collection of materials places it in his power to throw much light on the Indian character; and his portraits, so far as I have seen them, are drawn with great fidelity as to character and likeness.

H. SCHOOLCRAFT, Indian Agent for Wisconsin Territory.
----*----

Having lived and dealt with the Black feet Indians for five years past, I was enabled to recognise _every one_ of the portraits of those people, and of the Crows also, which Mr. Catlin has in his collection, from the faithful likenesses they bore to the originals.

_St. Louis_, 1835.
J. E. BRAZEAU.
----*----

Having spent sixteen years in the continual acquaintance with the Indians of the several tribes of the Missouri represented in Mr. Catlin's Gallery of Indian Paintings, I was enabled to judge of the correctness of the likenesses, and I _instantly recognised every one of them_, when I looked them over, from the striking resemblance they bore to the originals; so also of the landscapes on the Missouri.

HONORE PICOTTE.

----*----

The portraits in the possession of Mr. Catlin of Pawnee Picts, Kioways, Camanches, Wecos, and Osages, were painted by him _from life_, when on a tour to their country with the United States Dragoons. The _likenesses_ are good, very easily to be recognised, and the _costumes_ faithfully represented.

HENRY DODGE, Col. of Drag.
R. H. MASON, Major of ditto.
D. HUNTER, Capt. of ditto.
D. PERKINS, Capt. of Drag.
M. DUNCAN, ditto.
T. B. WHEELOCK, Lieut, ditto.

----*----

We have seen Mr. Catlin's Portraits of Indians east of the Rocky Mountains, many of which are familiar to us: the likenesses are easily recognised, bearing a strong resemblance to the originals, as well as a faithful representation of their costumes.

J. DOUGHERTY, Indian Agent.
J. GANTT.

_November 27th, 1837._

----*----

We hereby certify that the portraits of the Grand Pawnees, Republican Pawnees, Pawnee Loups, Tappage Pawnees, Otoes, Omahaws, and Missouries, which are in Mr. Catlin's Indian Gallery, were painted from life by Mr. George Catlin, and that the individuals sat to him in the costumes precisely in which they are painted.

J. DOUGHERTY, I. A. for Pawnees, Omahaws, and Otoes.
J. GANTT.
_New York, 1837._

----*----

I have seen Mr. Catlin's collection of Indian Portraits, many of which were familiar to me, and painted in my presence at their own villages. I have spent the greater part of my life amongst the tribes and individuals he has represented, and I do not hesitate to pronounce them correct likenesses, and easily recognised; also his sketches of their _manners_ and _customs_, I think, are excellent; and the _landscape views_ on the Missouri and Mississippi are correct representations.

K. M'KENZIE, of the Am. Fur Co., Mouth of Yellow Stone.

----*----

We hereby certify that the portraits of Seminoles and Euchees, named in this catalogue, were painted by George Catlin, from the life, at Fort Moultrie; that the Indians sat or stood in the costumes precisely in which they are painted, and that the likenesses are remarkably good.

P. MORRISON, Capt. 4th Inft.
J. S. HATHAWAY, 2nd Lieut. 1st Art.
H. WHARTON, 2nd Lieut. 6th Inft.
F. WEEDON, Assistant-Surgeon.

_Fort Moultrie, Jan. 26, 1838._

----*----

In addition to the above certificates, nearly every portrait has inseparably attached to its back an _individual_ certificate, signed by Indian agents, officers of the army, or other persons, who were present when the picture was painted. The form of these certificates is as follows:--

No. 131, BLACKFOOT, PE-TOH-PE-KISS (THE EAGLE-RIBS).

I hereby certify that this portrait was painted from the life, at Fort Union, mouth of Yellow Stone, in the year 1832, by George Catlin, and that the Indian sat in the costume in which it is painted.

JOHN F. A. SANFORD, United States Indian Agent.

_Légation des Etats Unis, Paris, Dec. 8, 1841._

DEAR SIR,

No man can appreciate better than myself the admirable fidelity of your drawings and book which I have lately received. They are equally spirited and accurate--they are true to nature. Things that _are_ are not sacrificed, as they too often are by the painter, to things as in his judgment they should be.

During eighteen years of my life I was Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the north-western territory of the United States; and during more than five I was Secretary of War, to which department belongs the general control of Indian concerns. I know the Indians thoroughly--I have spent many a month in their camps, council-houses, villages, and hunting-grounds--I have fought with them and against them--and I have negotiated seventeen treaties of peace or of cession with them. I mention these circumstances to show you that I have a good right to speak confidently upon the subject of your drawings. Among them I recognise many of my old acquaintances, and everywhere I am struck with the vivid representations of them and their customs, of their peculiar features, and of their costumes. Unfortunately they are receding before the advancing tide of our population, and are probably destined, at no distant day, wholly to disappear; but your collection will preserve them, as far as human art can do, and will form the most perfect monument of an extinguished race that the world has ever seen.

LEWIS CASS.
_To George Catlin._

----*----
_Cottage, Haddington, 15th April, 1843._
DEAR SIR,

I have enjoyed much pleasure in attending your lectures at the Waterloo Rooms in Edinburgh. Your delineations of the Indian character, the display of beautiful costumes, and the native Indian manners, true to the life, realised to my mind and view scenes I had so often witnessed in the parts of the Indian countries where I had been; and for twenty years' peregrinations in those parts, from Montreal to the Great Slave River north, and from the shores of the Atlantic, crossing the Rocky Mountains, to the mouth of the Columbia River, on the Pacific Ocean, west, I had opportunities of seeing much. Your lectures and exhibition have afforded me great pleasure and satisfaction, and I shall wish you all that success which you so eminently deserve for the rich treat which you have afforded in our enlightened, literary, and scientific metropolis.

I remain, dear Sir, yours very truly,
JOHN HALDANE.
_To George Catlin, Esq._

The following is an extract of a letter received some days since by a gentleman in Edinburgh, from Mr. James Hargrave, of the Hudson's Bay Company, dated York Factory, Hudson's Bay, 10th December, 1842:--

"Should you happen to fall in with Catlin's Letters on the North
American Indians, I would strongly recommend a perusal of them for
the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of the habits and customs of
those tribes among whom he was placed. Catlin's sketches are true
to life, and are powerfully descriptive of their appearance and
character."

CATLIN'S INDIAN COLLECTION

INDIAN PORTRAITS.

SACS (SÁU-KIES).

A Tribe of Indians residing on the Upper Mississippi and Desmoines
rivers. Present number (in 1840) about 5000. The smallpox carried
off half their population a few years since; and a considerable
number were destroyed in the "Black Hawk War" in 1832-3. This tribe
shave the head, leaving only a small tuft of hair on the top, which
is called the "scalplock."

[The _acute accent_ is used in the spelling of the Indian names merely to denote the emphasis.]

1. _Kee-o-kúk_, the Running Fox; present Chief of the Tribe.
Shield on his arm and staff of office (sceptre) in his hand;
necklace of grisly bear's claws, over the skin of a white
wolf, on his neck.

This man, during the Black Hawk War, kept two-thirds of the
warriors of the tribe neutral, and was therefore appointed chief by
General Scott, in treaty, with the consent of the nation.

2. _Múk-a-tah-mish-o-káh-kaik_, the Black Hawk; in his war dress
and paint. Strings of wampum in his ears and on his neck, and
his _medicine-bag_ (the skin of the black hawk) on his arm.

This is the man famed as the conductor of the Black Hawk War.
Painted at the close of the war, while he was a prisoner at
Jefferson Barracks, in 1832.

3. _Náh-se-ús-kuk_, the Whirling Thunder; eldest son of Black
Hawk.

A very handsome man. He distinguished himself in the Black Hawk War.

4. _Wa-sáw-me-saw_, the Roaring Thunder; youngest son of Black
Hawk.

Painted while a prisoner of war.

5. ( ), wife of Kee-o-kúk (No. 1); in a dress of civilized
manufacture, ornamented with silver brooches.

This woman is the eldest of seven wives whom I saw in his lodge,
and, being the mother of his favourite son, the most valued one. To
her alone would he allow the distinguished honour of being painted
and hung up with the chiefs.

6. _Me-sóu-wahk_, the Deer's Hair; the favourite son of
Kee-o-kúk, and by him designated to be his successor.

7. _Wah-pe-kée-suck_, White Cloud, called the "Prophet;" one of
Black Hawk's principal warriors and advisers.

Was a prisoner of war with Black Hawk, and travelled with him
through the Eastern States.

8. _Náh-pope_, the Soup; another of Black Hawk's principal
advisers; and travelled with him, when he was a prisoner of
war, to the Eastern cities.

He desired to be painted with a white flag in his hand.

9. _Ah-móu-a_, the Whale, one of Kee-o-kúk's principal braves;
holding a handsome war-club in his hand.

10. _Wa-quóth-e-qua_, the Buck's Wife, or Female Deer; the wife
of Ah-móu-a.

11. _Pash-ee-pa-hó_, the Little Stabbing Chief; holding his staff
of office in his hand, shield and pipe.

A very venerable old man, who has been for many years the first
civil chief of the Sacs and Foxes.

12. _I-o-wáy_, the Ioway; one of Black Hawk's principal warriors;
his body curiously ornamented with his "war-paint."

13. _Pam-a-hó_, the Swimmer; one of Black Hawk's warriors.

Very distinguished.

14. _No-kúk-qua_, the Bear's Fat.

15. _Pash-ee-pa-hó_, the Little Stabbing Chief (the younger); one
of Black Hawk's braves.

16. _Wáh-pa-ko-lás-kuk_, the Bear's Track.

FOXES.

On the Desmoines River; present number (in 1840), 1500.

17. _Aíh-no-wa_, the Fire; a doctor or _"medicine" man_; one half
of his body painted red, and the other yellow.

18. _Wée-sheet_, the Sturgeon's Head; one of Black Hawk's
principal warriors; his body most singularly ornamented with
his _war-paint_.

This man held a spear in his hand, with which, he assured me, he
killed four white men during the war.

19, 20, 21. Three in a group; names not known.

KON-ZAS.

A tribe of 1560 souls, residing on the Konza river, sixty or eighty miles west of the Missouri. Uncivilized remains of a powerful and warlike tribe. One-half died with the smallpox a few years since. This tribe shave the head like the Osages, Sacs, and Foxes.

22. _Shó-me-kós-see_, the Wolf; one of the Chiefs; his head curiously ornamented, and numerous strings of wampum on his neck.

23. _Jee-hé-o-hó-shah_, He who cannot be thrown down; a warrior.

24. _Wá-hón-ga-shee_, No Fool; a very great fop.

Used half the day in painting his face, preparing to sit for his picture.

25. _Meach-o-shín-gaw_, Little White Bear; a spirited and distinguished brave, with a scalping-knife grasped in his hand.

26. _O-rón-gás-see_, the Bear-catcher; a celebrated warrior.

27. _Chésh-oo-hong-ha_, the Man of Good Sense; a handsome young warrior; style of his head-dress like the Grecian helmet.

28. _Hón-je-a-pút-o_, a woman; wife of O-rón-gás-see.

O-SÁGE, OR WA-SÁW-SEE.

A tribe in their primitive state, inhabiting the head-waters of
the Arkansas and Neosho or Grand Rivers, 700 miles west of the
Mississippi. Present number of the tribe, 5200; residing in three
villages; wigwams built of barks and flags, or reeds. The Osages
are the tallest men on the continent, the most of them being over
six feet in stature, and many of them seven. This tribe shave the
head, leaving a small tuft on the top, called the "scalp-lock."

29. _Cler-mónt_, ----; first Chief of the tribe; with his
war-club in his hand, and his leggins fringed with
scalp-locks taken from his enemies' heads.

This man is the son of an old and celebrated chief of that name,
who died a few years since.

30. _Wáh-chee-te_, ----; woman and child; wife of Cler-mónt.

31. _Tchong-tas-sáb-bee_, the Black Dog; second Chief of the
Osages; with his pipe in one hand and tomahawk in the other;
head shaved, and ornamented with a crest made of the deer's
tail, coloured red.

This is the largest man in the Osage nation, and blind in his left
eye.

32. _Tál-lee_,----; an Osage warrior of distinction; with his
shield, bow, and quiver.

33. _Wa-ho-béck-ee_,----; a brave; said to be the handsomest
man in the nation; with a profusion of wampum on
his neck, and a fan in his hand made of the eagle's
tail. 34. _Mun-ne-pús-kee_, He who is not afraid. }
} 35. _Ko-ha-túnk-a_, the Big Crow. } group. } 36.
_Nah-cóm-ee-shee_, Man of the Bed. }

Three distinguished young warriors, who desired to be painted on
one canvas.

37. _Moi-eén-e-shee_, the Constant Walker.

38. _Wa-másh-ee-sheek_, He who takes away. } } 39. _Wa-chésh-uk_, War. } group. } 40. _Mink-chésk_,----. }

Three distinguished young men, full length.

41. _Tcha-tó-ga_, Mad Buffalo; bow and quiver on his back.

This man was tried and convicted for the murder of two white men,
under Mr. Adams's administration, and was afterwards pardoned, but
is held in disgrace in his tribe since.

42. _Wash-ím-pe-shee_, the Madman; a distinguished warrior; full
length.

43. _Pa-hú-sha_, White Hair; the younger; with lance and quiver.
Chief of a band, and rival of Cler-mónt.

44. _Shin-ga-wás-sa_, the Handsome Bird; a splendid-looking
fellow, six feet eight inches high; with war-club and quiver.

45. _Cáh-he-ga-shín-ga_, the Little Chief; full-length, with bow
and quiver.

CA-MÁN-CHEES.

One of the most powerful and hostile tribes in North America,
inhabiting the western parts of Texas and the Mexican provinces,
and the south-western part of the territory of the United States
near the Rocky Mountains; entirely wild and predatory in their
habits; the most expert and effective lancers and horsemen on the
continent. Numbering some 25,000 or 30,000; living in skin lodges
or wigwams; well mounted on wild horses; continually at war with
the Mexicans, Texians, and Indian tribes of the north-west.

46. _Eé-shah-kó-nee_, the Bow and Quiver; first Chief of the
tribe. Boar's tusk on his breast, and rich shells in his ears.

47. _Ta-wáh-que-nah_, the Mountain of Rocks; second Chief of the
tribe, and largest man in the nation.

This man received the United States Regiment of Dragoons with great
kindness at his village, which was beautifully situated at the base
of a huge spur of the Rocky Mountains: he has decidedly African
features, and a beard of two inches in length on his chin.

48. _Ish-a-ró-yeh_, He who carries a Wolf; a distinguished
brave; so called from the circumstance of his carrying a
_medicine-bag_ made of the skin of a wolf: he holds a whip in
his hand.

This man piloted the dragoons to the Camanchee village, and
received a handsome rifle from Colonel Dodge for so doing.

49. _Kots-o-kó-ro-kó_, the Hair of the Bull's Neck; third grade
Chief; shield on his arm and gun in his hand.

50. _Is-sa-wáh-tám-ah_, the Wolf tied with Hair; a Chief, third
rate: pipe in his hand.

51. _His-oo-sán-chees_, the Little Spaniard; a brave of the
highest order in his tribe; armed as a warrior, with shield,
bow and quiver, lance fourteen feet long, and war-knife.

This was the first of the Camanchees who daringly left his own
war-party and came to the regiment of dragoons, and spoke with
our interpreter, inviting us to go to their village. A man of
low stature, but of the most remarkable strength and daring
courage.--See him approaching the dragoons on horseback, No. 489.

52. _Háh-nee_, the Beaver; a warrior of terrible aspect.

53-54. Two Camanchee Girls (sisters), showing the wigwam of the
Chief, his dogs, and his five children.

PAW-NEE PÍCTS (['T]OW-EE-AHGE).

A wild and hostile tribe, numbering about 6000, adjoining the
Camanchees on the north. This tribe and the Camanchees are in
league with each other, joining in war and in the chase.

55. _Wee-tá-ra-shá-ro_,----; head Chief; an old and very
venerable man.

This man embraced Colonel Dodge, and others of the dragoon officers
in council, in his village, and otherwise treated them with great
kindness, theirs being the first visit ever made to them by white
people.

56. _Sky-se-ró-ka_,----; second Chief of the tribe.

A fine-looking and remarkably shrewd and intelligent man.

57. _Kid-á-day_,----; a brave of distinction.

58. _Káh-kée-tsee_, the Thighs. } } 59. _Shé-de-ah_, Wild Sage. }

Both of these women were prisoners amongst the Osages; they were
purchased by the Indian Commissioner, and sent home to the nation
by the dragoons.

60. _A[h´]-sho-cole_, Rotten Foot; a noted warrior.

61. _A[h´]-re-ka[h´]-na-có-chee_, the Mad Elk; a great warrior.

KÍ-O-WA.

Also a wild and predatory tribe of 5000 or 6000, living on the west
of the Pawnee Picts and Camanchees, and also in alliance with those
warlike and powerful tribes. They inhabit the base of, and extend
their wars and hunts through a great extent of the Rocky Mountains:
and, like the Camanchees, are expert and wonderful horsemen.

62. _Téh-tóot-sah_,----, first Chief.

This man treated the dragoons with great kindness in his country,
and came in with us to Fort Gibson; his hair was very long,
extending down as low as his knees, and put up in clubs, and
ornamented with silver brooches.

63. _Kotz-a-tó-ah_, the Smoked Shield; a distinguished warrior;
full-length.

64. _Bón-són-gee_, New Fire; Chief of a band; boar's tusk and
war-whistle on his breast.

65. _Quáy-hám-kay_, the Stone Shell; a brave, and a good specimen
of the wild untutored savage.

66. _Túnk-aht-óh-ye_ the Thunderer (boy).

67. _Wun-pán-to-mee_, the White Weasel (girl).

This boy and girl, who had been for several years prisoners amongst
the Osages, were purchased by the Indian Commissioner; the girl was
sent home to her nation by the dragoons, and the boy was killed by
a ram the day before we started. They were brother and sister.

WÉE-CO.

A small tribe, living near to, and under the protection of, the
Pawnee Picts, speaking an unknown language; probably the remnant of
a tribe conquered and enslaved by the Pawnee Picts.

68. _U'sh-ee-kitz_, He who fights with a Feather. Chief of the
tribe.

This man came into Fort Gibson with the dragoons; he was famous for
a custom he observed after all his speeches, of _embracing_ the
officers and chiefs in council.

SIÓUX (DAH-CÓ-TA).

This is one of the most numerous and powerful tribes at present
existing on the continent, numbering, undoubtedly, some 40,000,
occupying a vast tract of country on the upper waters of the
Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and extending quite to the base of
the Rocky Mountains. They live in skin lodges, and move them about
the prairies, without any permanent residence. This tribe lost
about 8000 by smallpox a few years since.

69. _Ha-wón-je-tah_, the One Horn; first Chief of the tribe;
_Mee-ne-cow-e-gee_ band, Upper Missouri; hair tied on his
head in form of a turban, and filled with glue and red earth,
or vermilion.

The Sioux have forty-one bands; every band has a chief, and this
man was head of all: he has been recently killed by a buffalo-bull.
#/

70. _Wá-nah-de-túnk-ah_, the Big Eagle, or Black Dog;
at the Falls of St. Anthony. Chief of the
_O-hah-has-ka-toh-y-an-te_, or _Long Avenue_ band.

71. _Tchán-dee_, Tobacco; second Chief of the nation, of the
_O-gla-la_ band, Upper Missouri.

72. _Wán-ee-ton_, ----; Chief of the _Sus-se-ton_ band, Upper
Missouri; full-length, in a splendid dress; head-dress of
war-eagle's quills and ermine, and painted robe.

One of the most noted and dignified, as well as graceful chiefs of
the Sioux tribe.

73. _Tóh-to-wah-kón-da-pee_, the Blue Medicine; a noted
"medicine-man," or doctor, at the St. Peter's, of the
_Ting-ta-to-ah_ band; with his _medicine_ or mystery drum and
rattle in his hands, his looking-glass on his breast, his
rattle of antelope's hoofs, and drum of deer-skins.

These "_medicine-men_" are conjurers as well as physicians,
paying their dernier visits to the sick, with their _mysteries_,
endeavouring and pretending to cure by a charm.

74. _Ah-nó-je-nahge_, He who stands on both Sides; and

75. _We-chúsh-ta-dóo-ta_, the Red Man; the two most distinguished
ball-players of the Sioux tribe, in their ball-play dress, with
their ball-sticks in their hands.

In this beautiful and favourite game, each player is adorned with
an embroidered belt, and a tail of beautiful quills or horse-hair;
the arms, legs, and feet are always naked, and curiously painted.
(See two paintings of ball-plays, and further description of the
game, under _Amusements_, Nos. 428, 429, 430, and the ball-sticks
among the manufactures.)

76. _Ka-pés-ka-da_, the Shell; a brave of the _O-gla-la_ band.

77. _Táh-zee-keh-dá-cha_, the Torn Belly; a very distinguished
brave of the _Yank-ton_ band, Upper Missouri.

78. _Wúk-mi-ser_, Corn; a warrior of distinction, of the
_Ne-caw-ee-gee_ band.

79. _Chá-tee-wah-née-che_, No Heart; a very noted Indian. Chief
of the _Wah-ne-watch-to-nee-nah_ band.

80. _Ee-áh-sá-pa_, the Black Rock; Chief of the _Nee-caw-wee-gee_
band; a very dignified chief, in a beautiful dress, full
length, head-dress of eagles' quills and ermine, and horns
of the buffalo; lance in his hand, and battles of his life
emblazoned on his robe.

81. _Wi-lóoh-tah-eeh-tcháh-ta-máh-nee_, the Red Thing that
touches in Marching; a young girl; and the daughter of _Black
Rock_ (No. 80), by her side--her dress of deer-skin, and
ornamented with brass buttons and beads.

82. _Toh-kí-e-to_, the Stone with Horns. Chief of the Yank-ton
band, and principal orator of the nation; his body curiously
tattooed.

83. _Mah-tó-rah-rísh-nee-eéh-ée-rah_, the Grisly Bear that runs
without Regard; a brave of the _Onc-pah-pa_ band.

84. _Mah-tó-che-ga_, the Little Bear; a distinguished brave.

85. _Shón-ka_, the Dog; Chief of the _Bad Arrow Points_ band.

86. _Táh-téck-a-da-háir_, the Steep Wind; a Brave of the
_Ca-za-zhee-ta_ (or Bad Arrow Points) band.

These three distinguished men were all killed in a private quarrel
(while I was in the country), occasioned by my painting only _one
half_ of the face of the first (No. 84); ridicule followed, and
resort to fire-arms, in which that side of the face which I had
left out was blown off in a few moments after I had finished the
portrait; and sudden and violent revenge for the offence soon laid
the other two in the dust, and imminently endangered my own life.
(For a full account of this strange transaction, see Catlin's
'Letters and Notes on North American Indians.')

87. _Heh-háh-ra-pah_, the Elk's Head; Chief of the
_Ee-ta-sip-shov_ band, Upper Missouri.

88. _Máh-to-een-náh-pa_, the White Bear that goes out; Chief of
the _Black Foot Sioux_ band.

89. _Tchón-su-móns-ka_, the Sand Bar; woman of the _Te-ton_ band,
with a beautiful head of hair; her dress almost literally
covered with brass buttons, which are highly valued by the
women, to adorn their dresses.

90. _Wá-be-shaw_, the Leaf; Upper Mississippi, Chief of a band,
blind in one eye; a very distinguished man, since dead.

91. _Shón-ga-tón-ga-chésh-en-day_, the Horse-dung; Chief of a
band; a great conjurer and magician.

92. _Tah-tón-ga-mó-nee_, the Walking Buffalo; Red Wing's son.

93. _Múz-za_, the Iron; St. Peters; a brave of distinction, and a
very handsome fellow.

94. _Te-o-kún-ko_, the Swift.

An ill-visaged and ill-natured fellow, though reputed a desperate
warrior. #/

PÚN-CAH.

A small tribe residing on the west bank of the Missouri River, 900
in number, reduced one-half by the smallpox in 1824-5.

95. _Shoo-de-gá-cha_, the Smoke; Chief of the Tribe.

A very philosophical and dignified man.

96. _Hee-láh-dee_, the Pure Fountain; wife of Shoo-de-gá-cha (No.
95).

97. _Hongs-káy-dee_, the Great Chief; son of the Chief.

This young fellow, about 18 years of age, glowing red with
vermilion, signalised himself by marrying _four wives in one day_,
whilst I was in his village! He took them all at once to his
wigwam, where I saw them, and painted one of them.

98. _Mong-shóng-sha_, the Bending Willow; one of the four wives
of Hongs-káy-dee (No. 97), about 13 years old, and wrapped in
a buffalo robe, prettily garnished.

PÁW-NEES,--OF THE PLATTE.

A wild and very warlike tribe of 12,000, occupying the country
watered by the river Platte, from the Missouri to the Rocky
Mountains. This once very powerful tribe lost one-half of their
numbers by the small-pox in 1823: they are entirely distinct from
the Pawnee Picts, both in language and customs, and live 1000 miles
from them. This tribe shave the head like the Sacs and Foxes.

FIRST BAND.--GRAND PA´WNEES.

99. _Shón-ka-ki-he-ga_, the Horse Chief; head Chief of the tribe.

This chief, and a number of his braves, visited Washington in 1837.

100. _La-dóo-ke-a_, the Buffalo Bull; his _medicine_ or _totem_
(the head of a buffalo bull) painted on his face and breast,
his bow and arrow in his hands.

101. _Ah-sháw-wah-róoks-te_, the Medicine Horse; a brave, or
soldier.

SECOND BAND.--TAP-PA´HGE PA´WNEES.

102. _La-kée-too-wi-rá-sha_, the Little Chief; a great warrior.

103. _Loo-rá-wée-re-coo_, the Bird that goes to War.

THIRD BAND.--REPUBLICAN PA´WNEES.

104. _A´h-sha-la-cóots-ah_, the Mole in the Forehead; Chief of his
band; a very distinguished warrior.

105. _Lá-shah-le-stáw-hix_, the Man Chief.

106. _La-wée-re-coo-re-shaw-wee_, the War Chief.

107. _Te-ah´-ke-ra-lée-re-coo_, the Chayenne; a fine-looking
fellow, with a pipe in one hand and his whip in the other.

FOURTH BAND.--WOLF PA´WNEES.

108. _Le-sháw-loo-láh-le-hoo_, the Big Elk; Chief of the band.

109. _Lo-lóch-to-hóo-lah_, the Big Chief; a very celebrated man.

110. _La-wáh-he-coots-la-sháw-no_, the Brave Chief; impressions of
hands painted on his breast.

111. _L'har-e-tar-rúshe_, the Ill-natured Man; a great warrior.

O-MÁ-HAS.

The remains of a numerous tribe, nearly destroyed by the small-pox
in 1823, now living under the protection of the Pawnees: their
numbers, about 1500.

112. _Man-sha-qúi-ta_, the Little Soldier; a brave.

113. _Ki-hó-ga-waw-shú-shee_, the Brave Chief; Chief of the tribe.

114. _Om-pah-tón-ga_, the Big Elk; a famous warrior, his tomahawk
in his hand, and face painted black, for war.

115. _Sháw-da-mon-nee_, There he goes; a brave.

116. _Nóm-ba-mon-nee_, the Double Walker; a brave.

OTE-TOES.

These are also the remains of a large tribe, two-thirds of which
were destroyed by small-pox in 1823: they are neighbours and
friends of the Pawnees, numbering about 600.

117. _Wah-ro-née-sah_, the Surrounder; Chief of the tribe, quite
an old man; his shirt made of the skin of a grisly bear, with
the claws on.

118. _Nón-je-ning-a_, No Heart; a distinguished brave.

119. _No-wáy-ke-súg-gah_, He who Strikes Two at Once. Sketch quite
unfinished; beautiful dress, trimmed with a profusion of
scalp-locks and eagles' quills; pipe in his hand, and
necklace of grisly bears' claws.

120. _Ráw-no-way-wóh-krah_, the Loose Pipe-stem; a brave (full
length); eagle head-dress, shirt of grisly bear's skin.

121. _Wée-ke-rú-law_, He who Exchanges; beautiful pipe in his hand.

MIS-SÓU-RIES.

Once a very numerous and powerful nation, occupying the States of
Illinois and Indiana. Reduced in wars with Sacs and Foxes, and
lastly by the small-pox in 1823; now merged into the Pawnee tribe.
Numbers at present, 400; twenty years ago, 18,000.

122. _Háw-che-he-súg-ga_, He who kills the Osages; Chief of the
tribe; an old man, necklace of grisly bears' claws, and a
handsome carved pipe in his hand.

RÍC-CA-EEES.

A small but very hostile tribe of 2500, on the west bank of the
Missouri, 1600 miles above its junction with the Mississippi;
living in one village of earth-covered lodges.

123. _Stán-au-pat_, the Bloody Hand; Chief of the tribe. His face
painted red with vermilion, scalping-knife in his hand;
wearing a beautiful dress.

124. _Kah-béck-a_, the Twin; wife of the Chief (No. 123).

125. _Pshán-shaw_, the Sweet-scented Grass; a girl of twelve years
old, daughter of the Chief (No. 123), full length, in a
beautiful dress of the mountain-sheep skin, neatly garnished,
and robe of the young buffalo.

126. _Páh-too-cá-ra_, He who Strikes; a distinguished brave.

MAN-DANS,
(SEE-PO'HS-KA-NU-MA'H-KA'-KEE,) PEOPLE OF THE PHEASANTS.

A small tribe of 2000 souls, living in two permanent villages on
the Missouri, 1800 miles above its junction with the Mississippi.
Earth-covered lodges; villages fortified by strong piquets,
eighteen feet high, and a ditch. [_This friendly and interesting
tribe all perished by the small-pox and suicide in 1837 (three
years after I lived amongst them), excepting about forty, who have
since been destroyed by their enemy, rendering the tribe entirely
extinct, and their language lost, in the short space of a few
months!_ The disease was carried amongst them by the traders, which
destroyed in six months, of different tribes, 25,000!]

127. _Ha-na-tá-nu-maúk_, the Wolf Chief; head of the tribe, in
a splendid dress, head-dress of raven-quills, and two
_calumets_ or pipes of peace in his hand.

128. _Máh-to-toh-pa_, the Four Bears; second Chief, but the
favourite and popular man of the nation; costume splendid,
head-dress of war-eagles' quills and ermine, extending quite
to the ground, surmounted by the horns of the buffalo and
skin of the magpie.

129. _Mah-tó-he-ha_, the Old Bear; a very distinguished brave; but
here represented in the character of a _Medicine Man_ or
Doctor, with his _medicine_ or _mystery_ pipes in his hands,
and foxes' tails tied to his heels, prepared to make his last
visit to his patient, to cure him, if possible, by _hocus
pocus_ and magic.

130. _Mah-táhp-ta-a_, He who rushes through the Middle; a brave,
son of the former Chief, called "the Four Men." Necklace of
bears' claws.

131. _Máh-to-tóh-pa_, the Four Bears; in _undress_, being in
mourning, with a few locks of his hair cut off. His hair put
up in plaits or slabs, with glue and red paint, a custom of
the tribe.

The scars on his breast, arms, and legs, show that he has
several times in his life submitted to the propitiatory tortures
represented in four paintings, Nos. 505, 506, 507, 508.

132. _Seehk-hée-da_, the Mouse-coloured Feather, or "_White
Eyebrows_;" a very noted brave, with a beautiful pipe in his
hand; his hair quite yellow.

This man was killed by the Sioux, and scalped, two years after I
painted his portrait: his scalp lies on the table, No. 10.

133. _Mi-néek-ee-súnk-te-ka_, the Mink; a beautiful Mandan
girl, in mountain-sheep skin dress, ornamented with
porcupine-quills, beads, and elk's teeth.

134. _Sha-kó-ka_, Mint.

A very pretty and modest girl, twelve years of age, with _grey
hair! peculiar to the Mandans_. This unaccountable peculiarity
belongs to the Mandans alone, and about one in twelve, of both
sexes and of all ages, have the hair of a bright silvery grey, and
exceedingly coarse and harsh, somewhat like a horse's mane.

135. _[U']n-ka-hah-hón-shee-kow_, the Long Finger-nails; a brave.

136. _Máh-ta[h']p-ta-hah_, the One who rushes through the Middle.

137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142. _San-ja-ka-kó-koh_, the Deceiving
Wolf; and five others, in a group; names not preserved.

SHI-ENNE.

A small but very valiant tribe of 3000, neighbours of the Sioux, on
the west, between the Black Hills and the Rocky Mountains: a very
tall race of men, second in stature to the Osages.

143. _Né-hee-ó-ee-wóo-tis_, the Wolf on the Hill; Chief of the
tribe; a noble and fine-looking fellow: this man has been
known to own 100 horses at one time.

144. _Tis-se-wóo-na-tís_, She who bathes her Knees; Wife of the
Chief (No. 143); her hair in braid.

FLAT HEADS, or NEZ PERCÉS.

On the head-waters of the Columbia, west of the Rocky Mountains.

145. _Hee-oh'ks-te-kin_, the Rabbit's Skin Leggins; a brave, in a
very beautiful dress.

146. _H'co-a-h'co-a-h'cotes-min_, No Horns on his Head; a brave, a
very handsome man, in a beautiful dress.

147. ( ) Woman and Child; showing the manner in which the heads of
the children are flattened.

CHIN-OOK.

On the lower parts of the Columbia, near the Pacific Ocean.

148. _Hee-doh'ge-ats_, ----; a young man, eighteen years of age.

BLACK FEET.

A very warlike and hostile tribe of 50,000, including the _Peagans
Cotonnés_ and _Gros-ventres de Prairies_, occupying the head-waters
of the Missouri, extending a great way into the British territory
on the north, and into the Rocky Mountains on the west. Rather low
in stature, broad chested, square shouldered, richly clad, and well
armed, living in skin lodges. 12,000 of them destroyed by smallpox
within the year 1838!

149. _Stu-mick-o-súcks_, the Buffalo's Black Fat; Chief of the
tribe, in a splendid costume, richly garnished with
porcupine-quills, and fringed with scalp-locks.

150. _Eeh-nís-kim_, the Crystal Stone; wife of the Chief (No. 149).

151. _In-ne-ó-cose_, the Buffalo's Child; a warrior, full-length,
with _medicine-bag_ of otter-skin.

152. _Peh-tó-pe-kiss_, the Eagle's Ribs; Chief of the "_Blood
Band_," full-length, in splendid dress; head-dress of horns
of the buffalo and ermines' tails; lance in his hand and two
_medicine-bags_.

153. _Mix-ke-móte-skin-na_, the Iron Horn; warrior, in a splendid
dress.

154. _Pek-no-máh-kan_, He who runs down the Hill.

155. _Ah'-kay-ee-píx-en_, the Woman who Strikes Many; full-length;
dress of mountain-sheep skin.

156. _Méh-tóom_, the Hill.

157. _Tcha-dés-sa-ko-máh-pee_, the Bear's Child, with war-club.

158. _Wún-nes-tou_, the White Buffalo; a _medicine-man_ or
_doctor_, with his _medicine_ or _mystery_ shield.

159. _Tcha-aés-ka-ding_, ----; boy, four years old, wearing his
robe made of the skin of a racoon: this boy is grandson of
the Chief, and is expected to be his successor.

160. _Peh-tó-pe-kiss_, the Eagle's Ribs; Chief of the Blood Band;
splendid dress.

This man boasted to me that he had killed eight white men
(trappers) in his country; he said that they had repeatedly told
the traders that they should not catch the beaver in their country,
and if they continued to do it they would kill them.

161. ( ) ----, a _medicine-man_, or _doctor_, performing his
_medicines_ or _mysteries_ over a dying man, with the skin of a
yellow bear and other curious articles of dress thrown over him;
with his mystery rattle and mystery spear, which, he supposes,
possess a supernatural power in the art of healing and curing the
sick.

CROWS (BEL-ANT-SE-A.)

A tribe of 7000, on the head-waters of the Yellow Stone
River, extending their hunts and their wars into the Rocky
Mountains--inveterate enemies of the Black Feet; tall, fine-limbed
men, graceful and gentlemanly in deportment, and the most richly
and tastefully clad of any Indians on the continent. Skin lodges,
many of which are tastefully ornamented and painted like the one
standing in the room.

162. _Cháh-ee-chópes_, the Four Wolves; a Chief, a fine-looking
fellow; his hair reaching the ground; his _medicine_
(mystery) _bag_ of the skin of the ermine.

This man was in mourning, having some of his locks cut off.

163. _Eé-hée-a-duck-cée-a_, He who ties his Hair before; a man of
six feet stature, whose natural hair drags on the ground as
he walks.

164. _Pa-rís-ka-róo-pa_, the Two Crows; Chief of a band; his hair
sweeps the ground; his head-dress made of the eagle's
skin entire; he holds in his hand his lance and two
_medicine_-bags, the one of his own instituting, the other
taken from his enemy, whom he had killed in battle.

165. _Hó-ra-tó-a_, ----; a brave, wrapped in his robe, and his
hair reaching to the ground; his spear in his hand, and bow
and quiver slung.

166. _Oó-je-en-á-he-a_, the Woman who lives in the Bear's Den; her
hair cut off, she being in mourning.

167. _Duhk-gits-o-ó-see_, the Red Bear.

168. _Pa-ris-ka-róo-pa_, the Two Crows (the younger), called the
"Philosopher."

A young man distinguished as an orator and wise man, though the
character of his face and head would almost appear like a deformity.

169. _Bi-éets-ee-cure_, the Very Sweet Man.

170. _Ba-da-ah-chón-du_, He who jumps over Every One; on a wild
horse, with war-eagle head-dress on his horse's and his own
head; with shield, bow, quiver, and lance; his long hair
floating in the wind.

GROS-VENTRES

(MIN-A-TAR-REES), PEOPLE OF THE WILLOWS.

A small tribe, near neighbours and friends of the Mandans, speaking
the Crow language, and probably have, at a former period, strayed
away from them; numbering about 1100.

171. _Eh-toh'k-pah-she-pée-shah_, the Black Mocassin; Chief; over
a hundred years old; sits in his lodge, smoking a handsome
pipe; his arms and ornaments hanging on a post by the side of
his bed. (Since dead.)

172. _E'e-a-chín-che-a_, the Red Thunder; the son of the Black
Mocassin (No. 171), represented in the costume of a warrior.

173. _Pa-ris-ka-róo-pa_, the Two Crows; with a handsome shirt,
ornamented with ermine, and necklace of grisly bears' claws.

This man is now the head Chief of the tribe.

174. ( ), ----; woman, the wife of the Two Crows (No. 173).

175. _Seet-sé-be-a_, the Mid-day Sun; a pretty girl, in
mountain-sheep skin dress, and fan of the eagle's tail in her
hand.

CREES (KNIS-TE-NEUX).

A small tribe of 4000, in _Her Majesty's dominions_, neighbours of
the Black Feet, and always at war with them; desperate warriors;
small and light in stature. Half of them have recently died of the
smallpox since I was amongst them.

176. _Eeh-tow-wées-ka-zeet_, He who has Eyes behind him; one of
the foremost braves of the tribe, in a handsome dress.

This man visited Washington with the Indian agent, Major Sanford, a
few years since.

177. _Tsee-moúnt_, a Great Wonder; woman carrying her Infant in
her robe.

178. _Tow-ée-ka-wet_, ----; woman.

AS-SIN-NE-BOINS (STONE BOILERS).

A tribe of 8000, occupying the country from the mouth of the Yellow
Stone River to Lake Winnepeg, in her _British Majesty's dominions_,
speaking the Sioux or Dahcota language, ranging about, like them,
in skin lodges, and no doubt a severed band of that great nation.
4000 of these people destroyed by the smallpox in 1838, since I was
amongst them.

179. _Wi-jún-jon_, the Pigeon's Egg Head; one of the most
distinguished young warriors of the tribe.

He was taken to Washington in 1832 by Major Sanford, the Indian
agent; after he went home he was condemned as a liar, and killed,
in consequence of the _incredible stories_ which he told of the
whites.--(See him on _his way to, and returning from_, Washington,
No. 475.)

180. _Chin-cha-pee_, the Fire Bug that creeps; wife of Wi-jún-jon
(No. 179); her face painted red, and in her hand a stick,
used by the women in those regions for digging the "pomme
blanche," or prairie turnip.

181. ( ); woman and child, in beautiful skin dresses.

CHIP-PE-WAYS (OJIBBEWAYS).

A very numerous tribe, of some 15,000 or 20,000, inhabiting a vast tract of country on the southern shores of Lake Superior, Lake of the Woods, and the Athabasca, extending a great way into the British territory; residing in skin and bark lodges.

182. _Sha-có-pay_, the Six; Chief of the Ojibbeways living north of the mouth of Yellow Stone River; in a rich dress, with his battles emblazoned on it.

183. _Kay-a-gís-gis_, ----; a beautiful young woman pulling her hair out of braid.

184. _Háh-je-day-ah'-shee_, the Meeting Birds; a brave, with his war-club in his hand.

185. _Kay-ée-qua-da-kúm-ee-gísh-kum_, He who tries the Ground with his Foot.

186. _Jú-ah-kís-gaw_, ----; woman, with her child in a cradle or "crib."

187. _Cáh-be-múb-bee_, He who sits everywhere; a brave.

188. _O-tá-wah_, the Ottaway; a distinguished warrior.

189. _Ka-bés-hunk_, He who travels everywhere; a desperate warrior; his war-club in his left hand and a handsome pipe in his right; strikes with his left hand; eight quills in his head stand for eight scalps he had taken from the heads of the Sioux, his enemies.

190. _Ohj-ká-tchee-kum_, He who walks on the Sea.

191. _Gitch-ee-gáw-ga-osh_, the Point that remains for ever; a very old and respectable Chief. (Since dead.)

192. _Gaw-záw que-dung_, He who halloos. Civilized.

193. _O'n-daig_, the Crow; a beau or dandy in full array, called by the Ojibbeways, _sha-wiz-zee-shah-go-tay-a_, a _harmless man_.

194. _I-an-be-w'ah-dick_, the Male Carabou; a brave, with a war-club in his hand.

195. ( ), ----; woman.

I-RO-QUOIS.

A small remnant of a tribe who were once very numerous and warlike,
inhabiting the northern part of New York; only a few scattered
individuals now living, who are merged in the neighbouring tribes.

196. _Nót-to-way_, a Chief, a temperate and excellent man, with a
beautiful head-dress on.

197. _Chée-ah-ká-tchée_, ----; woman, wife of Nót-to-way (No. 196).

ÓT-TA-WAS.

A subdued and half-civilized tribe of 5500, speaking the
Ojibbeway language, on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan.
Agricultural and dissipated.

198. _Shin-gós-se-moon_, the Big Sail; a Chief, blind in one eye.

The effects of whisky and civilization are plainly discernible in
this instance.

WIN-NE-BÁ-GOES.

A very fierce and warlike tribe, on the western shores of Lake
Michigan, greatly reduced of late years by repeated attacks of the
smallpox and the dissipated vices of civilized neighbours; number
at this time 4400.

199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206. _Du-cór-re-a_, ----; Chief
of the tribe, and his family; a group of eight.

207. _Wah-chee-háhs-ka_, the Man who puts all out of Doors, called
the "Boxer;" the largest man of the Winnebagoes; war-club in
his hand, and rattle-snake skins on his arms.

208. _Won-de-tów-a_, the Wonder.

209. _Náw-káw_, Wood; formerly the head Chief, with his war-club
on his arm. (Dead.)

210. _Káw-kaw-ne-chóo-a_, ----; a brave.

211. _Wa-kon-chásh-kaw_, He who comes on the Thunder.

212. _Naw-naw-páy-ee_, the Soldier.

213. _Wah-kón-ze-kaw_, the Snake.

214. _Span-e-o-née-kaw_, the Spaniard.

215. _Hoo-w'a-ne-kaw_, the Little Elk.

216. _No-ak-chóo-she-kaw_, He who breaks the Bushes.

217. _Naugh-háigh-hee-kaw_, He who moistens the Wood.

ME-NÓM-O-NIES.

Like the Winnebagoes, mostly destroyed by whisky and smallpox, and
now numbering about 3500, and in a miserable state of dependence;
on the western side of Lake Michigan.

218. _Mah-kée-mee-teuv_, the Grisly Bear; Chief of the nation, and
chief of a delegation to Washington city in 1829 (since
dead); handsome pipe in his hand, and wampum on his neck.

219. _Mee-chéet-e-neuh_, the Wounded Bear's Shoulder; wife of the
Chief (No. 218).

220. _Chee-me-náh-na-quet_, the Great Cloud; son of the Chief (No.
218), a great rascal.

221. _Ko-mán-i-kin-o-haw_, the Little Whale; a brave, with his
_medicine-wand_, his looking-glass, and scissors.

222. _Sha-wá-no_, the South; a noted warrior.

223. _Másh-kee-wet_, ----; a great beau, or dandy.

224. _Pah-shee-náu-shaw_, ----; a warrior.

225. _Tcha-káuks-o-ko-máugh_, the Great Chief (boy).

226. _Aú nah-kwet-to-hau-páy-o_, the One sitting in the Clouds; a
fine boy.

227. _Aúh-ka-nah-paw-wáh_, Earth Standing; an old and very valiant
warrior.

228. _Ko-mán-i-kin_, the Big Wave, called the "Philosopher;" a
very old and distinguished Chief.

229. _O-ho-páh-sha_, the Small Whoop; a hard-visaged warrior, of
most remarkable distinction.

230. _Ah-yaw-ne-tah-cár-ron_, ----; a warrior.

231. _Au-wáh-shew-kew_, the Female Bear; wife of the above (No.
230).

232. _Coo-coo-coo_, the Owl; a very old and emaciated Chief; sits
smoking a handsome pipe.

233. _Wáh-chees_, ----; a brave.

234. _Chésh-ko-tong_, He who sings the War-Song.

235, 236. Two in a group, names not known; one with his war-club,
and the other with his lute at his mouth.

POT-O-WÁT-O-MIE.

Once a numerous tribe, now numbering about 2700, reduced by
smallpox and whisky--recently removed from the state of Indiana to
the western shores of the Missouri: semi-civilized.

237. _On-sáw-kie_, the Sac; in the act of praying; his prayer
written in characters on a maple stick.

238. _Na-pów-sa_, the Bear Travelling in the Night; one of the
most influential Chiefs of the tribe.

239. _Kée-se_, ----; a woman.

KÍCK-A-POO.

On the frontier settlements; semi-civilized; number about 600;
greatly reduced by smallpox and whisky.

240. _Kee-án-ne-kuk_, the Foremost Man, called the "_Prophet_."
Chief of the tribe, in the attitude of prayer.

This very shrewd fellow engraved on a maple stick, in characters,
a prayer which was taught him by a Methodist Missionary; and by
introducing it into the hands of every one of his tribe, who are
enjoined to read it over every morning and evening as service, has
acquired great celebrity and respect in his tribe, as well as a
good store of their worldly goods, as he manufactures them all, and
gets well paid for them. #/

241. _Ah-tón-we-tuck_, the Cock Turkey; repeating his prayer from
the stick in his hand, described above.

242. _Ma-shée-na_, the Elk's Horns; a Sub-Chief, in the act of
prayer, as above described.

243. _Ke-chím-qua_, the Big Bear; wampum on his neck, and red flag
in his hand, the symbol of war or "blood."

244. _A'h-tee-wát-o-mee_, ----; woman, with wampum and silver
brooches in profusion on her neck.

245. _Shee-náh-wee_, ----.

KAS-KAS-KIA.

Once famed, numerous, and warlike, on the frontier, but now reduced
to a few individuals by smallpox and whisky.

246. _Kee-món-saw_, the Little Chief; Chief; Semi-civilized.

247. _Wah-pe-séh-see_, ----; a very aged woman, mother of the
above.

WÉE-AH.

Remnant of a tribe on the frontier; semi-civilized; reduced by whisky and disease; present number 200.

248. _Go-to-ków-páh-ah_, He who Stands by Himself; a brave of distinction, with his hatchet in his hand.

249. _Wah-pón-jee-a_, the Swan; a warrior; fine-looking fellow, with an European countenance.

250. _Wáh-pe-say_, the White.

PE-O-RI-A.

Also a small remnant of a tribe on the frontier, reduced by the
same causes as above; present number about 200.

251. _Pah-mee-ców-ee-tah_, the Man who tracks; a Chief; remarkably
fine head.

This man would never drink whisky.

252. _Wap-sha-ka-náh_, ----; a brave.

253. _Kee-mo-rá-nia_, No English; a beau; his face curiously
painted, and looking-glass in his hand.

PI-AN-KE-SHAW.

A frontier tribe, reduced, as _above_; present number 170.

254. _Ni-a-có-mo_, to Fix with the Foot; a brave.

255. _Men-són-se-ah_, the Left Hand; a fierce-looking warrior,
with a stone hatchet in his hand.

Í-O-WAY.

A small tribe on the frontier, reduced by smallpox and their
enemies; living on the Missouri; number about 1400. Uncivilized
fine-looking men.

256. _Notch-ee-níng-a_, No Heart, called "White Cloud;" Chief of
the tribe; necklace of grisly bears' claws, and shield, bow
and arrows in his hand.

257. _Pah-ta-cóo-chee_, the Shooting Cedar; a brave, with war-club
on his arm.

258. _No-o-mún-nee_, He who walks in the Rain; warrior, with his
pipe and tobacco-pouch in his hand.

259. _W'y-ee-yogh_, the Man of Sense; a brave, with a handsome
pipe in his hand, and bears' claw necklace on his neck.

260. _Wos-cóm-mun_, the Busy Man; a brave.

262. _Mún-ne-o-ye_, ----; woman.

SEN-E-CAS.

Near Lake Erie, State of New York. 1200, semi-civilized and
agricultural. One of the tribes composing the great compact called
the "Six Nations."

263. _Red Jacket_, Head Chief of the tribe; full-length, life
size, standing on the "Table Rock," Niagara Falls.