Chapter VIII: THE FELICITY OF THE BLESSED. Rest in the tomb, 190—in the nether (9)

Nether world, 70 ss.;
imitation of city, 75, 172 s.;
lower hemisphere, 79;
in the air, 81;
_cf._ “Atmosphere;”
scepticism about n.w., 18, 83 s.;
faith in n.w. preserved, 36 s.;
_cf._ “Hades,” “_Inferi_”

New York (Museum), 155, n. 23

Nigidius Figulus, 22, 32, 97

_Non nutriti_, 137

Nosaïris, 178

_Nous_, 103, 168, 213

Numa, 21

Number (Pythagorean), 132

Numenius, 107

Nymphs, 140

Octavius, 51

Oenoanda, 9

Oil, 119

Olympus, 80, 88, 104 s., 157, 163, 195;
Olympic earth, 97;
_cf._ 187

Omophagy, 120

Orcus, 83;
_cf._ “Hades”

Oriental mysteries, 33 ss.;
_cf._ “Mysteries;”
Or. religions, 117, 203, 209

Origen, 108 s., 140, 154, 188

Orphism, 5, 21, 34 s., 73 s., 77, 138, 148 s., 171 s., 174, 177 ss.,
187 s., 193, 201

Oscilla, 143

Osiris, 35, 113, 116, 122 s., 202 s.;
_cf._ “Serapis”

_Os resectum_, 65;
_ossa quiescant_, 191

Ovid, 22, 73, 104

Pains of hell, 170 ss.;
_cf._ “Fire,” “Eternal”

Paintings, 93;
_cf._ catacombs, 202, 206

Palingenesis, 13, 182 ss.

Panaetius, 13, 27 s.

Panamu (king), 205

Pannonia, 186

Papyri, 157;
_cf._ “Magic”

Paradise, 200, 205

Parcae, 84

_Parentalia_, 63, 71

Pascal, 2, 30

Pausanias, 95

Pegasus, 156

Pericles, 1

Periktione, 78

Peripatetic school, 6, 77;
_cf._ “Aristotle”

Persia, 54, 89, 95 s., 107, 156, 175, 177;
_cf._ “Mazdeans,” “Mithras”

Pessimism, 24, 39, 41

Petelia tablet, 148

Peter, apocalypse of, 173

Petosiris, 132

Petronius, 49, 135

Phantoms, see “Ghosts”

Pharaohs, 113, 123;
_cf._ “Egypt”

Philadelphia, 151

Philip of Opus, 208

Philo the Jew, 31, 140, 154

Philosophy, 5 ss.;
and mysteries, 38, 121;
philosophers immortal, 114, 124;
priests of the world, 125;
wonder-workers, 114;
_cf._ “Epicureans,” “Neo-Platonists,” “Pythagoreans,” “Stoics”

Phoebus, 157;
_cf._ “Sun”

Phosphorus, 159

Phrygian cult, 35 s.;
_cf._ “Sabazios”

Pindar, 73

Pirithous, 171

Planets, 28, 168, 179, 209;
planetary spheres, 103, 106 ss., 154, 187

Plato, 6, 7, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 39, 42, 66, 77, 87 ss., 95, 99, 107,
129, 136, 158, 169, 178, 182 ss., 188;
Plato’s cavern, 23, 99;
_Phaedo_, 49, 79, 144, 152, 163;
_cf._ “Axiochos,” “Neo-Platonists”

Plautus, 5

Pliny the Elder, 8, 83, 92, 96;
the Younger, 67

Plotinus, 23, 40 ss., 61, 125, 144, 212 s.

Plutarch, 39, 83, 87, 129, 173, 186

Pluto, 75, 84 s.;
_cf._ “Hades”

Pneuma, see “Πνεῦμα”

Polybius, 5

Pontiffs, 65;
_cf._ 44

Porch, see “Stoics”

Porphyry, 40, 42, 87, 120, 125, 144, 184

Posidonius of Apamea, 27 ss., 32, 39, 43, 82, 98, 124, 136, 161, 184

_Praesens numen_, 112

Praetextatus (catacombs), 202

Prayer (silent), 24, 122, 126

Priests immortal, 114;
anointed, 119;
_cf._ “Philosophers”

Proclus, 87 s., 169

Prodicus, 150

Propertius, 47

Proserpina, 25, 75, 95, 97

Psyche, 25, 59

Psychopomp, 94, 163;
_cf._ “Hermes,” “Sun”

Ptolemies, 123;
_cf._ “Alexandria”

Ptolemy’s system, 28, 43, 109;
astrology, 132;
epigram, 211

Punic cults, 93;
_cf._ 59;
_cf._ “Africa”

Purgatory, 26, 82, 161 s., 185 ss.

Purification of the soul, 118;
_cf._ “Purgatory”, “Lustrations”

Pyre, 49, 159

Pyriphlegethon, 15, 76, 78, 81, 175, 185

Pythagoras, 20 ss., 97

Pythagoreans, 20 ss., 27, 32, 35, 38 ss., 59, 66, 68, 74, 77 s., 81, 95
s., 99 s., 104, 107, 121, 124, 129, 132 ss., 136 s., 144, 149 ss.,
160, 167, 171, 177 ss., 181, 188, 194

_Quies aeterna_, 191

_Quietae sedes_, 195

Ra, 94, 113, 154

Rays of the sun, 160;
_cf._ “Sun”

Reason rises to the sun, 103, 168;
_cf._ “Nous”

_Refrigerium_, 202

Reincarnation, 26, 29;
_cf._ “Metempsychosis”

Repast, see “Banquet”

Repose of the dead, 190 ss.;
in the Elysian Fields, 193 s.;
in heaven, 195 ss.

Rest, see “Repose,” “_Quies_”

Resurrection of the flesh, 197

Retaliation, 173

Retribution, 72, 172 ss., 177 ss.;
_cf._ “Judgment”

Revelation, 207;
_cf._ “Gnosis”

Rhadamanthus, 75

Rhine, 154

Right and left, 152

Rites not needed, 125 ss.

Roads (two), 150 ss.;
_cf._ “Milky Way”

Rosalia, 53;
_cf._ 57

Royal souls, 114;
_cf._ “Kings”

Sabazios, 35, 202, 204

Sacrifices for the dead, 50 ss.

Sage, god on earth, 14, 111 ss.

Sallust, 8

Salvation in mysteries, 34 ss.

Samos, 1

_Sanctus_, 111

San Francisco (museum), 183

Sarcophagi, 74, 85, 115, 149, 155;
_cf._ “Sculpture”

Saturn, 107, 131, 141, 187

Satyrs, 138

Scarbantia, 186

Scepticism, 17 ss., 28, 31

Science deifies, 208 ss.;
_cf._ “Gnosis”

Scipio’s tomb, 47;
Scipio’s dream, 32, 104

Sculpture (funeral), 85, 86, 117, 149, 151, 155 ss., 159, 165, 185 s.,
194, 201, 205;
_cf._ “Paintings,” “Sarcophagi”

Sea (death at), 129

Seals, 163

_Securi_ (dead), 55, 191;
_secura quies_, 194

Selene, 96 s.;
_cf._ “Moon”

Semites, 48, 79, 93 s., 103, 123;
_cf._ “Syrians”

Sendjerli, 204

Seneca, 8, 14, 22, 31, 83, 152, 179, 196

Serapis, 36 s., 39, 122 s., 202;
_cf._ “Osiris”

Servius, 60, passim

Sextus Empiricus, 161

Shade, 165 ss.;
and soul, 79;
shades receive or reject dead, 68, 86, n. 39, 134, 193, 204;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον,” “Umbra”

_Shahîd_, 142

_Sheol_, 4

Ship, see “Boat”

_Sideribus recepti_, 113

Sight of god, 121, 207;
_cf._ “Gnosis”

_Silicernium_, 53

_Simulacrum_, 166 s.;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον”

Sisiphus, 78, 84, 170, 181

_Sit tibi terra levis_, 46

Sleep of death, 10, 45, 49, 192

Smyrna, 140

Socrates, 131

Solar attraction, 160;
_cf._ “Rays,” “Sun”

Soldiers slain in battle, 142

_Somno aeterno_, 192

Soul a breath, 4, 7, 59, 164;
burning breath, 13 s., 24, 29, 87, 98, 161;
number, 24;
circular, 98;
a bird, 59, 93, 157 s.;
not immaterial, 118, 162;
physical nature, 164 ss.;
principle of movement, 110;
soul and shade, 79;
_cf._ “Εἴδωλον;”
pollution, 29, 118, 162, 185;
division, 168;
related to God, 12, 111;
union with God, 42, 122 s.;
becomes star, 92 s.;
journey, 148 ss.;
triple ascension, 106;
passage through planets, 107;
garments of s., 106 ss.;
hierarchy of souls, 108 s., 213;
how represented, 165, 167;
_cf._ “Ghost,” “Shade,” “Spirit,” “Stars”

Spirit of Evil, 89, 175;
_cf._ “Ahriman”

Spirits of the dead, 46 s., 56 s.;
of murdered, 130;
_cf._ “Soul”

Stars and souls, 92 s., 94, 103 ss.;
shooting s., 92;
_invicti_, 117;
_cf._ “Comet”

Statius, 103

Stele, see “Sculpture”

Stoics, 12 ss., 21, 30 s., 33, 39, 46, 65, 77, 82, 87, 96, 98 s., 103,
113, 144, 179, 182, 195

Styx, 25, 75 s., 78, 80 s., 83 s., 134, 155, 193

Sublunary world, see “World”

Suetonius, 86, 130

Suicide, 143 ss.

Sun-god, 24, 86, 130;
_cf._ “Helios,” “Phoebus,” “Ra;”
and emperors, 157;
and eagle, 158;
psychopomp, 164;
star, 28, 100 s.;
new sun, 91;
heart of the world, 100;
reason of the world, 101, 107;
sun and souls, 94, 156 ss.;
_cf._ “Boat,” “Chariot”

_Suo die_, 133

Syncretism, see “Eclecticism”

Syria, 28, 40, 52, 73, 86, 92, 112, 131, 156 ss., 176, n. 11, 204 ss.;
Syrian cults, 37, 93, 96, 120 s.

_Taciti_ (Manes), 165

Tacitus, 18

Tages, 149

Tantalus, 9, 78, 84 s., 170, 181

Tartarus, 26, 27, 34, 75 s., 77, 79 s., 84 s., 171 ss., 175 s., 188;
_cf._ “Hades”

Taurobolium, 119

Tertullian, 55

Theodore the Atheist, 65

Theophanes, 146

Theseus, 171

Tiberius, 86

Tibullus, 191

Timaeus of Locri, 78

Tiresias, 74

Titans, 178

Titus, 142

Tityus, 9, 170, 181

Tivoli, 183

Tomb, a dwelling, 3, 46 ss., 56;
furniture, 49 s., 72;
garden, 57, 200;
placed on roads, 58;
antechamber of nether world, 70;
tombstone, see “Sculpture,” “Sarcophagi”

Torre San Severo (sarcophagus), 74

Trajan, 157

Transmigration, see “Metempsychosis”

Tritons, 186

Ulysses, 74, 180

_Umbra_, 79, 166 s.

Unburied, 64;
_cf._ “_Insepulti_”

Unctions, 119, 163

Untimely death, 128 ss., 136 ss.

Varro, 31

Vatinius, 22

Vegetarianism, 179

Vehicle of souls, 61, 169

Venus—star, 94, 107;
goddess, 104, 123, 187

Violation of tombs, 67 s.

Virgil, 31, 59, 66, 73, 82 s., 128 s., 139, 142, 152, 172, 174, 182,
184, 186, 210

Warriors, see “Soldiers”

Washing, see “Ablutions”

Water, heavenly, 185;
libation of w., 51;
_cf._ 202;
purification by w., see “Elements,” “Lustration”

Winds, 25, 60, 155, 161, 166, 185

Wine, 35, 52, 120, 203 ss., 211

Wizards, see “Magic”

World—system of, 28, 99 s., 121;
divine, 12, 29 s., 126;
sublunary world, 99, 107, 117, 168, 195;
_cf._ “Moon”

Y symbol, 26, 150 s., 194

Yezidis, 178

Zagreus, 138

Zeno, 195

Zeus, 112, 123;
_cf._ “Jupiter”

GREEK WORDS

Ἄγαμοι, 137

Ἁγιάζω, 123

Ἁγνεία, 24

Ἄγνωστος θεός, 41

Ἀειδής, (= Hades), 79

Αἰτία ἐλομένω, 183

Ἀναγωγεύς, 101, 160

Ἀναιρέτης, 131

Ἀναίτιος ὁ θεός, 183

Ἄνεμος, 59

Ἀνθοφόρος, 138

Ἀντίθεος, 89

Ἀνώνυμοι, 137

Ἀπαθανατίζω, 116, 118

Ἀπάθεια, 191

Ἀποθέωσις, 118;
_cf._ “Apotheosis”

Ἄποροι τῆς ταφῆς, 68

Ἀρετή, 151

Ἄρχοντες, 162

Ἀσωτεία, 151

Ἀταραξία, 8

Ἄταφοι, 64;
_cf._ “_Insepulti_”

Ἄτροφοι, 132, 137

Ἄωροι, 129, 136 s.

Βιαιοθάνατοι, 129, 141 ss.

Βιὸς θεωρητικός, 211

Γνῶσις (τοῦ θεοῦ), 23, 121 ss., 125, 207 ss.

Δοξάζειν, 123

Εἴδωλον, 7, 24, 79, 166 s.

Ἐκπύρωσις, 13 s.

Ἐπιφανὴς θεός, 112

Ἑπτάκτις θεός, 160

Εὐπλοῖ, 155

Εὐψύχει, 149

Ἡγεμονικόν, 30, 103

Ἡγεμὼν θεός, 163 s.

Θάρρει, 149

Κατάβασις εἰς Ἅιδου, 171;
_cf._ “Hades”

Κύκλος γενέσεως, 179

Μετενσωμάτωσις, 182

Νοῦς, 168;
_cf._ 103, 213

Νυμφόληπτοι, 139

Ξύσματα, 160

Ὁδὸς μακάρων, 152

Ὄχημα, 41, 161, 169

Παλιγγενεσία, 182

Παράδεισος, 200

Πνεῦμα, 111, 168

Πολυάνδριον, 145

Σκιά, 166 s.

Συγγένεια, 96, 111

Συμποσιάρχης, 202

Σῶμα, 167

Σωτήρ, 112

Τελώνια, 163

Τρίοδος, 151

Υ, 26, 150 s., 194

Ὕψιστος, 41;
_cf._ “Hypsistos”

Ὑψοῦσθαι, 123

Φωτίζω, 123

Ψυχή, 25, 59, 167;
_cf._ “Psyche”

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

-----

Footnote 1:

Plut., _Pericl._, 8.

Footnote 2:

_Pensées_, III, 194 (t. II, p. 103, ed. Brunschvigg).

Footnote 3:

See Lecture I, “Life in the Tomb.”

Footnote 4:

See Lecture II, “The Nether World.”

Footnote 5:

See Lecture II, p. 73.

Footnote 6:

Plautus, _Capt._, V, 4, 1.

Footnote 7:

Polyb., VI, 56, 12.

Footnote 8:

Diels, _Fragm. Vorsokratiker_^3, II, p. 121, fr. 297.

Footnote 9:

Homer, _Il._, Ψ, 100; Plato, _Phaed._, 77 D; _cf._ Rohde, _Psyche_,
II^4, p. 264, n. 2.

Footnote 10:

III, 38:

“Et metus ille foras praeceps Acheruntis agendus
Funditus humanam qui vitam turbat ab imo.”

Footnote 11:

Sall., _Cat._, 51, 20.

Footnote 12:

Pliny, _H. N._, VII, 55, § 190.

Footnote 13:

Seneca, _Troades_, 382 ss.

Footnote 14:

Lucian, _Alex._, c. 61; c. 47.

Footnote 15:

Lucian, _ibid._, c. 38; c. 44; c. 47.

Footnote 16:

Julian, _Epist._, 89 (p. 747, 23, ed. Bidez-Cumont).

Footnote 17:

Cousin, _Bull. corr. hell._, XVI, 1897; _cf._ Usener, _Rhein. Mus._,
N. F., XLVII, p. 428.

Footnote 18:

CIL, XI, 856 = Bücheler, _Carm. epigraphica_, 191.

Footnote 19:

Dessau, _Inscript. selectae_, 8162 ss.; _cf._ _Recueil des
inscriptions du Pont_, 110: “Non fui, fui, non sum, non curo.”

Footnote 20:

_Recueil_, 143.

Footnote 21:

_Cf._ Lecture VIII, p. 192.

Footnote 22:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 646.

Footnote 23:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1495 = CIL, VI, 26003:

“Nil sumus et fuimus. Mortales respice, lector,
In nihil ab nihilo quam cito recidimus.”

Footnote 24:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1247 = CIL, VI, 7193:

“Quod superest homini requiescunt dulciter ossa,
Nec sum sollicitus ne subito esuriam.
Et podagram careo, nec sum pensionibus arra
Et gratis aeterno perfruor hospitio.”

Footnote 25:

Bücheler, _op. cit._, 1500.

Footnote 26:

I _Cor._ 15. 32.

Footnote 27:

Bücheler, _op. cit._, 187: “Quod comedi et ebibi tantum meum est.”
_Cf._ _ibid._, 244: “Quod edi, bibi, mecum habeo, quod reliqui,
perdidi.”

Footnote 28:

Bücheler, _op. cit._, 1499; Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8157:

“Balnea, vina, venus corrumpunt corpora nostra,
Sed vitam faciunt balnea, vina, venus.”

Footnote 29:

Bücheler, _op. cit._, 243: “Dum vixi, bibi libenter; bibite vos qui
vivitis.”

Footnote 30:

Héron de Villefosse, _Le trésor de Boscoreale_, in _Monuments Piot_,
V, Paris, 1899.

Footnote 31:

_Epist._, I, 4, 16.

Footnote 32:

Epict., _Diss._, I, 14, 6; II, 8, 11 (ἀπόσπασμα τοῦ θεοῦ).

Footnote 33:

_Cf._, _e.g._, Sen., _Consol. Marc._, end.

Footnote 34:

See Lecture IV, p. 115 s.

Footnote 35:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 79.

Footnote 36:

Stob., _Ecl._, I, 384, Wachsmuth.

Footnote 37:

Sextus Empiricus, _Adv. Math._, IX, 71: Οὐδὲ τὰς ψυχὰς ἔνεστιν
ὑπονοῆσαι κάτω φερομένας. _Cf._ Cic., _Tusc._, I, 16, 37; 17, 40.

Footnote 38:

_Cf._ Lecture II, p. 77.

Footnote 39:

Epictetus, III, 13, 15; _cf._ II, 6, 18.

Footnote 40:

Bonhöfer, _Epictet. und die Stoa_, 1890, p. 65.

Footnote 41:

_Cf._ Lecture III, p. 98.

Footnote 42:

_Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich_, VI, 1882, p. 60; _cf._
Epictetus, _l. c._

Footnote 43:

CIL, XIII, 8371, at Cologne.

Footnote 44:

CIL, III, 6384: “Corpus habent cineres, animam sacer abstulit aer.”

Footnote 45:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8168; Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1532; _cf._
974:

“Mortua heic ego sum et sum cinis, is cinis terrast,
Sein est terra dea, ego sum dea, mortua non sum.”

Footnote 46:

Tennyson, _Crossing the Bar_.

Footnote 47:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1498:

“Evasi effugi; Spes et Fortuna valete;
Nil mihi vobiscum. Ludificate alios.”

_Cf._ Bücheler, 409, 9; 434; _Anthol. Pal._, IX, 49; 172; Vettius
Valens, V, 9 (p. 219, 26, Kroll).

Footnote 48:

See my _Oriental religions_, p. 180; 276, n. 51 s.

Footnote 49:

See Lecture III, pp. 96, 107; VII, p. 176.

Footnote 50:

Callim., _Epigr._, 15, 3:

Ὠ Χαρίδα τί τὰ νέρθε;—Πολὺ σκότος—Αἱ δ’ ἄνοδοι τί;
Ψεῦδος—Ὁ δὲ Πλούτων;—Μῦθος—Ἀπωλόμεθα

Footnote 51:

Cat., V, 4:

“Soles occidere et redire possunt;
Nobis quum semel occidit brevis lux,
Nox est perpetua una dormienda.”

Footnote 52:

_Cf._ Lecture II, p. 83, and VII, p. 181.

Footnote 53:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 180, 1147, 1190, 1339, etc.

Footnote 54:

Plato, _Apol._, 40c–41c.

Footnote 55:

Cic., _Parad. Stoic._, II, 18: “Mors est terribilis iis quorum cum
vita omnia exstinguntur, non iis quorum laus emori non potest.”

Footnote 56:

Cic., _Pro Archia_, 11, 26; _cf._ _Tusc._, I, 15, 34.

Footnote 57:

Diog. Laert., X, 16 = fragm. 217 Usener; _cf._ Plin., _H. N._, XXXV,
5.

Footnote 58:

Furtwängler, _Die antiken Gemmen_, III, 1900, 257 ss.

Footnote 59:

See Lecture III, p. 97.

Footnote 60:

Ovid, _Metam._, XV, 60 ss.

Footnote 61:

Rohde, _Der Griech. Roman_^2, p. 270 s.

Footnote 62:

Sen., _Quaest. nat._, VII, 32, 2.

Footnote 63:

See Lecture IV, p. 121.

Footnote 64:

_Revue archéologique_, 1918, VIII, p. 52 ss.

Footnote 65:

Plato, _Republ._, VII, p. 514.

Footnote 66:

See below, Lecture VIII, p. 209 ss.

Footnote 67:

See Lecture VI, p. 167; _cf._ III, p. 103.

Footnote 68:

See Lecture II, p. 81.

Footnote 69:

See, for all this, Lecture III, p. 96 s.; _cf._ VIII, p. 195.

Footnote 70:

See Lecture VIII, p. 212.

Footnote 71:

See Lecture I, p. 66.

Footnote 72:

See Lecture V, p. 133.

Footnote 73:

See Lecture III, pp. 73, 81; VII, p. 181 s.

Footnote 74:

_Cf._ Cic., _Tusc._, I, 11, 24.

Footnote 75:

See Lecture VI, p. 151.

Footnote 76:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 434.

Footnote 77:

_Cf._ my _Astrology and Religion_, 1912, p. 83 ss.

Footnote 78:

See above, p. 13.

Footnote 79:

See Lecture III, p. 98.

Footnote 80:

See below, Lecture III, p. 100 ss.

Footnote 81:

Pascal, _Pensées_, III, 206 (t. II, p. 127, Brunschvigg): “Le silence
éternel de ces espaces infinis m’effraie.”

Footnote 82:

See Lecture III, p. 98; VI, p. 161 s.; VII, p. 184.

Footnote 83:

See Lecture IV, p. 127; VIII, p. 210.

Footnote 84:

Manilius, II, 115.

Footnote 85:

See above, p. 22.

Footnote 86:

Lehrs, _Populäre Aufsätze aus dem Altertum_, 1875, p. 349 ss.; Fowler,
_Religious Experience of the Roman People_, p. 382 ss.

Footnote 87:

_Cf._ my _Oriental religions in Roman paganism_, Chicago, 1911, p. 39
ss.

Footnote 88:

See Lecture IV, p. 118 ss.

Footnote 89:

See Lecture II, p. 76; VII, p. 171.

Footnote 90:

See Lecture IV, p. 120; VIII, p. 204.

Footnote 91:

“Alimenta vitae tribuis perpetua fide,
Et cum recesserit anima in te refugiemus,
Ita, quicquid tribuis, in te cuncta recidunt.”
(_Anthol. Lat._, ed. Riese, I, p. 27.)

Footnote 92:

See Lecture IV, p. 122.

Footnote 93:

See Lecture VIII, p. 202.

Footnote 94:

See Lecture III, p. 96 ss.

Footnote 95:

See Lecture II, p. 79.

Footnote 96:

_Enn._, IV, 7.

Footnote 97:

See Lecture III, p. 106; VI, p. 169.

Footnote 98:

See Lecture VII, p. 184 ss.

Footnote 99:

See Lecture IV, p. 108; VIII, p. 212.

Footnote 100:

See Lecture II, p. 90; IV, p. 109; VIII, p. 196 ss., 206.

Footnote 101:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 12, §27.

Footnote 102:

Lucretius, III, 890 ss.

Footnote 103:

Servius, _Aen._, III, 68.

Footnote 104:

Servius, _ibid._

Footnote 105:

Propertius, IV, 5, 3: “Nec sedeant cineri Manes.” _Cf._ Lucan, IX, 2.

Footnote 106:

Pliny, _H. N._, XVI, 44, §234; _cf._ Livy, XXXVIII, 53.

Footnote 107:

_Cf._ my _Oriental religions_, p. 240.

Footnote 108:

CIL, I, 1108: “Domum aeternam ubi aevum degerent.”

Footnote 109:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1555: “Haec certa est domus, haec est
colenda nobis.”

Footnote 110:

Virg., _Aen._, III, 67: “Animam sepulcro condimus.” _Cf._ Pliny,
_Epist._, III, 27, 12: “Rite conditis Manibus.”

Footnote 111:

See above, Introd., p. 10; Lecture VIII, p. 192.

Footnote 112:

Petronius, 71: “Valde enim falsum vivo quidem domos cultas esse, non
curari eam ubi diutius nobis habitandum est.”

Footnote 113:

Lucian, _Philopseudes_, 27; _cf._ Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8379, l. 50
ss.

Footnote 114:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 646 = Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8156; _cf._
Lucian, _De luctu_, 19.

Footnote 115:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 838 = Dessau, _op. cit._, 8204.

Footnote 116:

Sueton., _Aug._, 15.

Footnote 117:

_Cf._ p. 52, n. 20, and Lecture IV, p. 118.

Footnote 118:

Servius, _Aen._, III, 67.

Footnote 119:

_Cf._ _Comptes rendus Acad. des Inscr._, 1918, p. 284 s.

Footnote 120:

Servius, _Aen._, V, 79: “Ad sanguinis imitationem, in quo est sedes
animae.” _Cf._ II, 532.

Footnote 121:

See above, Introd., p. 35, and Lecture VIII, p. 204.

Footnote 122:

CIL, XI, 132 = Dessau, 7235.

Footnote 123:

CIL, XIV, 3323 = Dessau, 8090: “Hoc peto aego a bobis unibersis
sodalibus ut sene bile refrigeretis.”

Footnote 124:

CIL, VI, 26554 = Dessau, 8139.

Footnote 125:

Dessau, 8379.

Footnote 126:

Lucian, _De luctu_, 37.

Footnote 127:

Dessau, 8154 = CIL, XII, 5102 = Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 788:

“[Eo] cupidius perpoto in monumento meo,
Quod dormiendum et permanendum heic est mihi.”

Footnote 128:

_De testim. animae_, 4.

Footnote 129:

See below, Lecture VIII, p. 203 s.

Footnote 130:

Augustine, _De mor. eccles._, 34: “Qui luxuriosissime super mortuos
bibant et epulas cadaveribus exhibentes super sepultos se ipsos
sepeliant et voracitates ebrietatesque suas deputent religioni.”

Footnote 131:

_Constitutiones Apostol._, VIII, 42.

Footnote 132:

Dessau, 8375: “Colant spiritum meum.”

Footnote 133:

_Cf._ Petronius, 71: “Omne genus poma volo sint circa cineres meos et
vinearum largiter”; Dessau, 8342 ss.; below, Lecture VIII, p. 200.

Footnote 134:

Varro, _Lingu. Lat._, VI, 49 (45).

Footnote 135:

_Arch. Epigr. Mitt. aus Oesterreich_, X, 1886, p. 64.

Footnote 136:

Dessau, 6746.

Footnote 137:

_Ibid._, 8130.

Footnote 138:

_Ibid._, 1967; _cf._ 8139.

Footnote 139:

Diog. Laert., VIII, 32; _cf._ Servius, _Aen._, III, 63; Lecture VI, p.
160.

Footnote 140:

Virg., _Aen._, IV, 685.

Footnote 141:

See Lecture VI, p. 157.

Footnote 142:

_Cf._ Porph., _De abstin._, II, 37.

Footnote 143:

Servius, _Georg._, I, 277; _cf._ Dessau, 8006.

Footnote 144:

CIL, VIII, 2803_a_: “Donata, pia, iusta, vale, serva tuos omnes.”

Footnote 145:

Margaret Waites, _American journ. of archaeol._, 1920, 242 ss.

Footnote 146:

Maxim. Tyr., _Diss._, IX (XV), 6.

Footnote 147:

Plotinus, _Enn._, IV, 7, 20.

Footnote 148:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8006. “Manus mala” means probably a murder
produced by witchcraft; _cf._ _ibid._, 8522; Lecture V, p. 135.

Footnote 149:

CIL, II, 4427: “Lacrimae si prosunt, visis te ostende videri.”

Footnote 150:

Lucian, _Philopseudes_, 29.

Footnote 151:

Dio Cassius, LXXIX, 18.

Footnote 152:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8201_a_: “Tu qui legis et dubitas Manes esse,
sponsione facta invoca nos et intelleges.”

Footnote 153:

Ovid, _Fast._, II, 546.

Footnote 154:

CIL, I, 818 = VI, 10407^e = Dessau, 8749: “Mortuus nec ad deos nec ad
homines acceptus est.” _Cf._ CIL, X, 8249.

Footnote 155:

CIL, VI, 12072: “Parce matrem tuam et patrem et sororem tuam Marinam,
ut possint tibi facere post me sollemnia.”

Footnote 156:

Audollent, _Defixionum tabellae_, 1904.

Footnote 157:

See below, Lecture V, pp. 143, 145.

Footnote 158:

Plato, _Republ._, X, 615 A B; _cf._ Norden, _Aeneis Buch VI_, p. 10.

Footnote 159:

See Lecture V, p. 134.

Footnote 160:

Virg., _Aen._, VI, 325 ss: “Inops inhumataque turba.... Centum errant
annos volitantque haec litora circum.”

Footnote 161:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 7213 = CIL, XIV, 2112, II, 4.

Footnote 162:

Sueton., _Calig._, 59; _cf._ Plautus, _Mostell._, III, 2.

Footnote 163:

Pliny, _Epist._, VII, 27; Lucian, _Philopseudes_, 31.

Footnote 164:

Audollent, _Defixionum tabellae_, 27, l. 18; _cf._ 22 ss.

Footnote 165:

See Lecture V, p. 135.

Footnote 166:

Heliodorus, _Aeth._, VI, 15.

Footnote 167:

See Lecture VIII, p. 193.

Footnote 168:

Leblant, _Épigraphie chrétienne de la Gaule_, 1890, 52 ss.

Footnote 169:

Lawson, _Modern Greek folk-lore_, 1910, p. 403.

Footnote 170:

Lucian, _De luctu_, 9.

Footnote 171:

Piganiol, _Revue d’histoire et de litt. religieuses_, VI, 1920, p. 335
ss.

Footnote 172:

_Cf._ Lucian, _De luctu_, 14.

Footnote 173:

_Cf._ Dessau, 8379.

Footnote 174:

_Aen._, VI, 653 ss.

Footnote 175:

Ovid, _Metam._, IV, 443 ss.

Footnote 176:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1186:

“Sed in secessum numinis infernae domus
Oficiosus tandem ministerio laetatur suo.”

Footnote 177:

See below, Lecture VI, p. 148.

Footnote 178:

_Monumenti Antichi_, XXIV, 1917, pp. 5–116.

Footnote 179:

See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 s.

Footnote 180:

Furtwängler, _Archiv für Religionswissenschaft_, VIII, 1905, p. 191
ss.

Footnote 181:

See Lecture I, p. 66.

Footnote 182:

See Lecture VI, p. 151.

Footnote 183:

See below, Lecture VII, p. 172 ss.

Footnote 184:

See Introd., p. 6.

Footnote 185:

See Introd., p. 29.

Footnote 186:

Mullach, _Fragm. phil. Graec._, II, p. 33.

Footnote 187:

Tim. Locr., _De anim. mundi_, 17, p. 104 D; _cf._ Schmekel, _Mittlere
Stoa_, 1892, p. 435.

Footnote 188:

_Cf._ Lecture VII, p. 178 ss.

Footnote 189:

_Cf._ on this doctrine _Revue de philologie_, XLIV, 1920, p. 230 ss.

Footnote 190:

_Cf._ Lecture VII, p. 181.

Footnote 191:

See Lecture VI, p. 167.

Footnote 192:

_Cf._ _Rev. philol._, _l. c._, p. 237 ss.

Footnote 193:

On this doctrine see _Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions_, 1920, p. 272
ss.

Footnote 194:

_Cf._ Lecture VI, p. 155.

Footnote 195:

See Lecture VII, p. 185; _cf._ VI, p. 161 s.

Footnote 196:

See Introd., p. 38 s.

Footnote 197:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 21, 48; _cf._ I, 6, 10; _Nat. deor._, II, 2, 5.

Footnote 198:

Sen., _Epist._, 24, 18.

Footnote 199:

Juvenal, _Sat._, II, 149 ss.

Footnote 200:

Pliny, _H. N._, II, 63, §158.

Footnote 201:

Plutarch, _Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic._, 27, p. 1105.

Footnote 202:

_Cf._ Lucian, _De luctu_, 10.

Footnote 203:

Bücheler, 1109, v. 19–24:

“Non ego Tartareas penetrabo tristis ad undas,
Non Acheronteis transvehar umbra vadis,
Non ego caeruleam remo pulsabo carinam,
Nec te terribilem fronte timebo Charon,
Nec Minos mihi iura dabit grandaevus et atris
Non errabo locis nec cohibebor aquis.”

Footnote 204:

See, for instance, _Jahresh. Instit. Wien_, XVII, 1914, p. 133 ss.; or
_Hermes_, XXXVII, 1902, p. 121 ss.

Footnote 205:

_Cf._ Jahn, _Darstellungen der Unterwelt auf Sarkophagen_, in _Ber.
Gesellschaft Wiss. Leipsig_, 1856, p. 267 ss.; Reinach, _Répertoire
des reliefs_, III, 391; Berger, _Revue archéol._, 3^e serie, XXVI,
1895, p. 71 ss.

Footnote 206:

Sueton., _Tiberius_, 75, 1: “Terram matrem deosque Manes orarent, ne
mortuo sedem ullam nisi inter impios darent.”

Footnote 207:

Heliodorus, _Aeth._, VIII, 9, p. 231, 10, Bekker.

Footnote 208:

_Jahresh. Instit. Wien_, XVIII, 1915, Beiblatt., p. 45.

Footnote 209:

Plutarch, _Non posse suaviter vivi sec. Epic._, 27, p. 1105.

Footnote 210:

Porph., _Sent._, 29 (p. 13, Mommert).

Footnote 211:

Proclus, _In Remp. Plat._, II, p. 126, 10 ss., Kroll.

Footnote 212:

Proclus, _ibid._, II, p. 131, 20 ss.

Footnote 213:

Proclus, _In Remp. Plat._, I, 121, 23 ss., Kroll.

Footnote 214:

Orig., _Contra Celsum_, VIII, 48 s.

Footnote 215:

See Lecture IV, p. 113 ss.

Footnote 216:

Porph., _De abstin._, 38 ss.; _cf._ Bousset, _Archiv für
Religionswiss._, XVIII, 1915, p. 134 ss., and Andres in _Realencycl._,
Supplementband, III, 315.

Footnote 217:

_Cf._ _Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions_, 1918, p. 278 ss.

Footnote 218:

Pliny, _H. N._, II, 8, § 28.

Footnote 219:

Eusebius Alex., in _Patr. Graeca_, LXXXVI, 1, p. 453.

Footnote 220:

_Cat. codd. astrol. Graec_, V, pars. 1, p. 196 ss.

Footnote 221:

See below, Lecture VI, p. 357.

Footnote 222:

Flinders Petrie, _Athribis_, London, 1908 (52 A. D.).

Footnote 223:

_Cf._ below, Lecture VI, p. 154.

Footnote 224:

Toutain, _Revue des études anciennes_, XIII, 1911, p. 166 ss.; _cf._
_ibid._, p. 379 s.

Footnote 225:

See below, p. 104, and Lecture VI, p. 153.

Footnote 226:

E. Pfeiffer, _Studien zum antiken Sternglauben_, 1916, p. 113 ss.

Footnote 227:

Pausanias, IV, 32, 4.

Footnote 228:

Aristophanes, _Peace_, 832 ss.

Footnote 229:

See below, Lecture IV, p. 111; _cf._ Introd., p. 24.

Footnote 230:

Pliny, _H. N._, II, 26, § 95.

Footnote 231:

Jamblich., _Vit. Pyth._, XVIII, 82 = Diels, _Vorsokratiker_, I^3, p.
358, 18; _cf._ Plut., _De genio Socr._, 22, p. 590 C; Hierocles, _In
Aur. carm._, end.

Footnote 232:

Lucian, _Verae hist._, I, 10 ss.

Footnote 233:

Castor, fragm. 24 and 25, Müller.

Footnote 234:

See Introd., p. 29, and Lecture VI, p. 162.

Footnote 235:

Julian, _Caes._, p. 307 c.

Footnote 236:

Plato, _Rep._, VII, p. 514.

Footnote 237:

Reproduced in my _Études syriennes_, 1917, p. 87; _cf._ below, p. 139.

Footnote 238:

Wiegand, in _Abhandl. Akad. Berlin_, 1908. _Bericht_, VI, p. 46:

Στὰς πρόσθε τύμβον δέρκε τὴν ἄνυμφον
κόρην Διογνήτοιο νηπίην Χοροῦν,
ἥν θῆκεν Ἅιδης ἐν κύκλοισιν ἑβδόμοις....

Footnote 239:

See _La théologie solaire du paganisme romain_ in _Mém. sav. étrangers
Acad. Inscr._, XII, 1909, p. 449 ss.

Footnote 240:

_Cf._ Introd., p. 28.

Footnote 241:

See below, Lecture VI, p. 160.

Footnote 242:

CIL, VI, 29954; see below, Lecture VI, p. 157 ss.

Footnote 243:

Commodian, VIII, 10: “Sacerdotes ... numina qui dicunt aliquid
morituro prodesse.”

Footnote 244:

See Introd., p. 24 s.; _cf._ below, Lecture VI, p. 167.

Footnote 245:

Lydus, _De mensib._, IV, 149 (p. 167, 25, Wünsch.).

Footnote 246:

Lucan, _Phars._, I, 45; Statius, _Theb._, I, 27; _cf._ my _Études
syriennes_, 1917, p. 97 s.

Footnote 247:

Diog. Laert., VIII, 31.

Footnote 248:

Ovid, _Metam._, XV, 840 ss.; _cf._ 749.

Footnote 249:

Cassius, Dio, LXIX, 11, 4.

Footnote 250:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 12, 28: “Totum prope caelum nonne humano generi
completum est?”

Footnote 251:

_Revue de philologie_, XXXIII, 1909, p. 6 = IG, XII, 7, 123.

Footnote 252:

_Revue de phil._, _ibid._; _cf._ Lecture V, p. 139.

Footnote 253:

II _Cor._ 12, 2.

Footnote 254:

Porph., _Sent._, 292 (p. 14, Mommert); Proclus, _In Remp._, I, p. 152,
17, Kroll; _In Tim._, III, p. 234, 25, Diehl.

Footnote 255:

_Cf._ my _Mysteries of Mithras_, Chicago, 1903, p. 145; below, Lecture
VI, p. 169; VII, p. 187.

Footnote 256:

Origen, _Contra Celsum_, VI, 21; _cf._ _Monum. mystères de Mithra_, I,
p. 118.

Footnote 257:

Apuleius, _De dogm. Plat._, I, 11.

Footnote 258:

_Archiv für Religionsw._, IX, 1906, p. 323 ss.

Footnote 259:

See, _e.g._, Plotin., III, 4, 6; _cf._ Lecture VIII, p. 213.

Footnote 260:

See above, Introd., pp. 6, 41.

Footnote 261:

_Ibid._, p. 7.

Footnote 262:

See above, Lecture III, p. 96.

Footnote 263:

Link, _De vocis “Sanctus” usu pagano_, Königsberg, 1910.

Footnote 264:

Cic., _De natura deor._, II, 66, § 167.

Footnote 265:

Manilius, I, 41; _cf._ Boll, _Aus der Offenbarung Iohannis_, 1914, p.
136 ss.

Footnote 266:

Pseudo-Ecphant. ap Stob., _Anth._, IV, 7, 64 (IV, p. 272 ss.,
Wachsmuth); Hermes Trism. ap. Stob., _Ecl._, I, 49, 45 (I, p. 407, W).

Footnote 267:

See below, Lecture VI, p. 156 ss.

Footnote 268:

Cic., _Nat. deorum_, II, 66, § 165.

Footnote 269:

_Somn. Scipionis_, 3; _cf._ _Pro Sestio_, 68, § 143.

Footnote 270:

Hermes Trismeg. ap. Stob., _Ecl._, I, 49, 69 (I, p. 466, Wachsmuth).

Footnote 271:

Maurice Muret, _Les contemporains étrangers_, Paris, I, p. 30.

Footnote 272:

See my _Études syriennes_, p. 63 ss.

Footnote 273:

CIL, VI, 1779 = Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 111, 23: “(Me) sorte mortis
eximens in templa ducis....”

Footnote 274:

Pseudo-Lysis ap. Jamblich., _Vit. Pyth._, 17, § 77.

Footnote 275:

See Introd., p. 29; Lecture VII, p. 184 s.

Footnote 276:

_Cf._ Lecture I, p. 51.

Footnote 277:

CIL, VI, 510 = Dessau, 4152.

Footnote 278:

Servius, _Aen._, VI, 741.

Footnote 279:

See Introd., p. 35; _cf._ Lecture VIII, p. 204.

Footnote 280:

Porph., _De abstin._, II, 48.

Footnote 281:

_Cf._ _Comptes rendus Acad. Inscriptions_, 1917, p. 281 ss.

Footnote 282:

See above, Introd., p. 37.

Footnote 283:

Hermes Trismeg., _Poimandres_, I, 26: Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν τέλος τοῖς
γνῶσιν ἐσχηκόσι θεωθῆναι.

Footnote 284:

See below, Lecture VIII, 207.

Footnote 285:

Apuleius, _Metam._, XI, 24: “Inexplicabili voluptate divini simulacri
perfruebar.”

Footnote 286:

See _Oriental religions_, p. 100, and below, Lecture VIII, p. 210 ss.

Footnote 287:

Papyr. of London, CXXII, 1 ss.; _cf._ Reitzenstein, _Poimandres_, p.
20.

Footnote 288:

Riewald, _De imperatorum Romanorum cum certis dis aequatione_, Halle,
1912.

Footnote 289:

_Cf._ Gillis Wetter, _Die “Verherrlichung,” in Beiträge zur
Relig.-Wissenschaft_, II, 1914.

Footnote 290:

See below, Lecture VI, p. 158.

Footnote 291:

See below, Lecture VIII, p. 212.

Footnote 292:

Porph., _De Abstin._, II, 49.

Footnote 293:

See below, Lecture VIII, pp. 201, 207, 211.

Footnote 294:

See my _Mysticisme astral dans l’antiquité_ in _Bulletins de l’Acad.
de Belgique_, 1909, p. 264 ss.

Footnote 295:

See Lecture VIII, p. 210 ss.

Footnote 296:

Virg., _Aen._, VI, 426 ss.

Footnote 297:

Plut., _De genio Socratis_, 22, p. 590 F.

Footnote 298:

Plato, _Republ._, p. 615 C; _cf._ Norden, _Aeneis Buch VI_, 1903, pp.
11, 27.

Footnote 299:

Achill. Tat., V, 16.

Footnote 300:

Tertull., _De anima_, 57.

Footnote 301:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8497 ss.; _cf._ _Recueil des inscriptions du
Pont_, 9, 258.

Footnote 302:

Horace, _Epod._, 5, 92; _cf._ Livy, III, 58, 11.

Footnote 303:

Sueton., _Nero_, 34, 4.

Footnote 304:

Sueton., _Calig._, 59.

Footnote 305:

Porph., _Epist._, II, 2, 209: “Nocturnas Lemures: umbras vagantes
hominum ante diem mortuorum et ideo metuendas.”

Footnote 306:

Bouché-Leclercq, _Astrologie grecque_, p. 404.

Footnote 307:

Diog. Laert., II, 5, §45; _cf._ Lamprid., _Heliog._, 33, 2:
“Praedictum eidem erat a sacerdotibus Syris biothanatum se futurum.”

Footnote 308:

Ptolem., _Tetrabibl._, III, 10 (p. 127, ed. 1553).

Footnote 309:

Macrob., _Somn. Scip._, I, 13, 1, probably after Numenius (_Revue des
études grecques_, XXXII, 1921, p. 119 s.).

Footnote 310:

CIL, VIII, 2756 = Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1604.

Footnote 311:

Manilius, IV, 16.

Footnote 312:

_Cf._ Schulze, _Sitzungsb. Akad. Berlin_, 1912, p. 691 ss.

Footnote 313:

Demon: Kaibel, _Epigr. Gr._, 566, 4; 569, 3, etc.—Evil god: Dessau,
8498; _cf._ 9093: “Cui (_sic_) dii nefandi parvulo contra votum
genitorum vita privaverunt.”

Footnote 314:

See Lecture I, p. 66 ss.

Footnote 315:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 624.

Footnote 316:

Rohde, _Psyche_, II^4, p. 411; _cf._ Perdrizet, _Negotium
perambulans_, 1922, p. 19 ss.

Footnote 317:

Audollent, _Defixionum tabellae_, 1904, p. 40, n^r, 22 ss.; see above,
Lecture I, p. 68.

Footnote 318:

Wessely, _Griech. Zauberpap. aus Paris_ in _Denkschr. Akad. Wien_,
XXXVI, 1888, p. 85, l. 2577 ss., p. 86, l. 2645 ss.

Footnote 319:

Cic., _In Vatin._, 6, 14; Horace, _Ep._, 5; Petronius, 63, 8.

Footnote 320:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 987:

“Eripuit me saga manus crudelis ubique,
Cum manet in terris et nocet arte sua.
Vos vestros natos concustodite, parentes.”

_Cf._ Petronius, _l. c._, and Lecture II, p. 61, n. 48.

Footnote 321:

Alex. Trall., I, 15, pp. 565, 567, Puschman.

Footnote 322:

_Cf._ Pliny, XXVIII, 12, § 49.

Footnote 323:

Tertull., _De anima_, 57.

Footnote 324:

Norden, _Aeneis Buch VI_, p. 41.

Footnote 325:

Sen., _Dial._, VI, 23, 1; Plut., _Cons. ad uxorem_, 11; _cf._ Dessau,
8481 ss.

Footnote 326:

See below, Lecture VII, p. 178.

Footnote 327:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1233.

Footnote 328:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 324.

Footnote 329:

Haussoullier, _Revue de philologie_, XXIII, 1909, p. 6; see above,
Lecture III, p. 105.

Footnote 330:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 569: “Vitaeque e limine raptus.... Non tamen
ad Manes sed caeli ad sidera pergis.” _Cf._ _ibid._, 569, 611.

Footnote 331:

See Lecture III, p. 99.

Footnote 332:

Rohde, _Psyche_, II^4, p. 374, n. 2; Lawson, _Modern Greek folk-lore_,
1910 p. 140 ss.; _cf._ Dessau, 8748.

Footnote 333:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1233; _cf._ Statius, _Silv._, II, 6, 100.

Footnote 334:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 570, 571; _cf._ CIL, VI, 29195 = Dessau,
8482: “Ulpius Firmus, anima bona superis reddita, raptus a Nymphis.”

Footnote 335:

_Cf._ Anderson, _Journ. hell. stud._, XIX, 1899, p. 127, n^r, 142, and
below, note 42.

Footnote 336:

Cagnat, _Inscr. Gr. ad res Rom. pertin._, IV, 1377.

Footnote 337:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 314.

Footnote 338:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1439; _cf._ 1400:

“Vos equidem nati caelestia regna videtis
Quos rapuit parvos praecipitata dies.”

Footnote 339:

Cabrol et Leclercq, _Reliquiae liturgicae vetustissimae_, I, 1912,
n^r, 2917; _cf._ 2974; 3153.

Footnote 340:

Menander’s verse, “Ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνήσκει νέος,” is indeed
translated into Latin in a Roman epitaph (Dessau, 8481).

Footnote 341:

In Greek, βιοθάνατος is a popular form for βιαιοθάνατος. In Latin
_biaeothanatus_ is found only in Tertull., _De Anima_, 57,
_biothanatus_ everywhere else.

Footnote 342:

_Aen._, VI, 477 ss.

Footnote 343:

Horace, _Od._, III, 2, 21; _cf._ Introd., p. 13; Lecture IV, p. 113.

Footnote 344:

Joseph., _Bell. Iud._, VI, 5, § 47.

Footnote 345:

Servius, _Aen._, XII, 603.

Footnote 346:

Pliny, _N. H._, II, 63, § 156.

Footnote 347:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 7846: “Extra auctorateis et quei sibei [la]queo
manu attulissent et quei quaestum spurcum professi essent.”

Footnote 348:

_Ibid._, 7212, II, 5.

Footnote 349:

Plut., _Cato_, 68.

Footnote 350:

_Cf._ _Revue des études grecques_, XXXII, 1921, p. 113 ss.

Footnote 351:

Sen., _Controv._, VIII, 4, end.

Footnote 352:

See above, Lecture I, p. 64 ss.

Footnote 353:

Theophanes, _Chronicon_, p. 437, 3 ss., De Boor.

Footnote 354:

Commodianus, I, 14, 8.

Footnote 355:

Du Cange, _Glossarium_, s. v.

Footnote 356:

Lawson, _Modern Greek folk-lore_, 1910, p. 408 ss.

Footnote 357:

See above, Lecture II, p. 74.

Footnote 358:

Transl. Harrison, _Prolegomena to the study of Greek religion_, 1903,
p. 660.

Footnote 359:

Thulin, _Etruskische Disciplin_, III, 1909, p. 58 ss.

Footnote 360:

Xenoph., _Memorab._, II, 1, 21; _cf._ Hesiod, _Op. et dies_, 287 ss.

Footnote 361:

Brinkmann, _Rheinisches Museum_, LXVI, 1911, p. 622 ss.

Footnote 362:

See below, Lecture VIII, p. 205.

Footnote 363:

See Lecture II, p. 76.

Footnote 364:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 30, 72.

Footnote 365:

See above, Lecture III, p. 82.

Footnote 366:

See above, Lecture III, p. 94.

Footnote 367:

_Cf._ _Comptes rendus Acad. Inscr._, 1920, p. 277.

Footnote 368:

Lactantius, _Inst._, VI, 3 s.

Footnote 369:

Polyaen., VII, 22.

Footnote 370:

See Lecture III, p. 107; _Monum. mystères de Mithra_, I, p. 118 s.;
II, p. 525.

Footnote 371:

Philo, _De somniis_, I, 22; Origen, _Contra Celsum_, VI, 21.

Footnote 372:

Charles R. Morey, _East Christian paintings in the Freer collection_,
New York, 1914, p. 17 ss.

Footnote 373:

Ladder among other magical emblems on terra cotta discs found at
Taranto; _cf._ _Revue archéologique_, V, 1917, p. 102.

Footnote 374:

See above, Lecture III, p. 93.

Footnote 375:

_Ibid._, p. 96.

Footnote 376:

_Cf._ _Revue de philologie_, XLIV, 1920, p. 75.

Footnote 377:

_Cf._ Joseph Keil, _Jahresh. Instituts Wien_, XVII, 1914, pp. 138,
142, n. 13; Bormann, _Bericht des Vereins Carnuntum_, 1908–1911, p.
330, where _Itala felix_ applies not to the ship but to the dead
woman.

Footnote 378:

For instance, Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8031.

Footnote 379:

_Cf._ my _Études syriennes_, 1917, p. 99, n. 1. So on the beautiful
chariot of Monteleone in the Metropolitan Museum of New York (sixth
century B. C.).

Footnote 380:

_Cf._ my _Études syriennes_, p. 91 s.

Footnote 381:

_Ibid._, p. 92, fig. 41.

Footnote 382:

_Ibid._, p. 94, fig. 42; _cf._ below, p. 165.

Footnote 383:

_Cf._ _ibid._, p. 95 s.

Footnote 384:

II _Reg._, 2, 11.

Footnote 385:

Kornemann, _Klio_, VII, p. 278; _cf._ _Études syriennes_, p. 98, n. 3.

Footnote 386:

Eunap., _Hist._, fr. 26 (F. H. G. IV, 25; _cf._ _Études syriennes_, p.
104).

Footnote 387:

See above, Lecture III, p. 102.

Footnote 388:

Weichert, _Der Seelenvogel in der alten Literatur und Kunst_, Leipzig,
1902; see above, Lecture III, p. 93.

Footnote 389:

_Études syriennes_, p. 38 ss.

Footnote 390:

_Phaedr._, p. 246 C.

Footnote 391:

_Anth. Pal._, VII, 62 = Diog. Laert., III, 44; _cf._ _Études
syriennes_, p. 88:

Αἰετέ τίπτε βέβηκας ὑπὲρ τάφον; ἢ τίνος, εἰπέ,
ἀστεροέντα θεῶν οἶκον ἀποσκοπέεις;—
Ψυχῆς εἰμὶ Πλάτωνος ἀποπταμένης εἰς Ὄλυμπον
εἰκών· σῶμα δὲ γῆ γηγενὲς Ἀτθὶς ἔχει.

Footnote 392:

_Cf._ _Études syriennes_, p. 57 ss.

Footnote 393:

_Études syriennes_, 1917, p. 87, fig. 39.

Footnote 394:

See Introd., p. 28.

Footnote 395:

See Lecture III, p. 100.

Footnote 396:

_Études syriennes_, p. 106 s.; _cf._ Lecture III, p. 101.

Footnote 397:

See Lecture I, p. 59.

Footnote 398:

Diog. Laert., VIII, 1, 27.

Footnote 399:

Jul., _Or._, V, p. 172 C.

Footnote 400:

Cic., _Tusc._, I, 42 ss.; Sextus Empir., _Adv. Math._, IX, 71, 4;
_cf._ above, Introd., p. 29.

Footnote 401:

Winds and souls, see below, Lecture VII, p. 185.

Footnote 402:

See below, Lecture VII, p. 186; _cf._ Lecture II, p. 81.

Footnote 403:

See Introd., p. 29; _cf._ Lecture VII, p. 185.

Footnote 404:

See below, Lecture VII, p. 185.

Footnote 405:

See above, Lecture III, p. 93, and p. 96 s.

Footnote 406:

Dieterich, _Eine Mithrasliturgie_^2, 1910.

Footnote 407:

Plato, _Phaedo_, p. 107 D, 108 B.

Footnote 408:

Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 650 = _Inscr. Sic. Ital._, 2461.

Footnote 409:

Haussoullier, _Revue de philologie_, XXIII, 1909, p. 6; _cf._ Lecture
III, p. 105.

Footnote 410:

See above, Lecture IV, p. 112.

Footnote 411:

_Cf._ Rohde, _Psyche_, II^4, p. 376 s.

Footnote 412:

See above, Lecture I, p. 45 ss., 59 ss.

Footnote 413:

_Cf._ Cic., _Tusc._, I, 16, 37.

Footnote 414:

See below, Lecture VIII, p. 199 ss.

Footnote 415:

Lucretius, I, 124: “Simulacra modis pallentia miris.”

Footnote 416:

See, for instance, above, p. 156.

Footnote 417:

_Cf._ Proclus, _In Rempubl._, I, p. 290, 10 ss., Kroll.

Footnote 418:

On this _katoptromanteia_, _cf._ _Revue archéologique_, V, 1917, p.
105 ss.; Ganschinietz in _Realencycl._, s. v.

Footnote 419:

See above, Lecture V, p. 130.

Footnote 420:

See above, Lecture II, p. 79.

Footnote 421:

_Cf._ _Revue de philologie_, XLIV, 1920, p. 237 ss.

Footnote 422:

See Lecture III, p. 103.

Footnote 423:

_Cf._ Lecture III, p. 107.

Footnote 424:

Plato, _Phaedr._, 247 B; _cf._ _Phaedo_, p. 113 D.

Footnote 425:

_Timaeus_, p. 41 D E.

Footnote 426:

See above, Lecture III, p. 106 s., and Introd., p. 41; _cf._ p. 24.

Footnote 427:

_Odyssey_, XI, 576 s.

Footnote 428:

_Cf._ Rohde, _Psyche_, I^4, p. 61 ss.

Footnote 429:

_Cf._ Plut., _De superst._, 7, p. 168 D.

Footnote 430:

_Cf._ above, Lecture II, p. 75.

Footnote 431:

_Cf._ Dieterich, _Nekyia_, p. 206 ss.

Footnote 432:

Plut., _De sera num. vind._, p. 567 B.

Footnote 433:

Dieterich, _Nekyia_, 1893 (2^d ed. 1913).

Footnote 434:

Even the devout Plutarch rejects them as superstitious imaginations;
_cf._ _De superst._, 167 A.

Footnote 435:

_Aen._, VI, 625–628.

Footnote 436:

Dieterich, _op. cit._, p. 197 ss.

Footnote 437:

Punishment by fire is mentioned for the first time in Philodemos, Περὶ
θεῶν, XIX, 16 ss. Philodemos being a Syrian, it is not unlikely that
this tenet is of Oriental origin. _Cf._ Diels, _Abhandl. Akad.
Berlin_, 1916, p. 80, n. 3.

Footnote 438:

See above, Introd., pp. 8, 17 s., and Lecture II, p. 83.

Footnote 439:

Herodotus, II, 123.

Footnote 440:

The Druses have even preserved the ancient doctrine that the number of
souls is always the same in the world. _Cf._ Silvestre de Sacy,
_Religion des Druses_, 1838, II, p. 459.

Footnote 441:

Dussaud, _Les Nosaïris_, Paris, 1900, p. 120 ss.

Footnote 442:

See above, Lecture III, p. 101.

Footnote 443:

_Cf._ Lucian, _Alex._, 43.

Footnote 444:

Hermes Trismeg. ap. Stob., _Ecl._, I, 49, p. 398, 16 ss., Wachsmuth.

Footnote 445:

Tim. Locr., p. 104 E.

Footnote 446:

Ps.-Plut., _Vita Homeri_, 126; Porph. ap. Stob., _Ecl._, I, 49, 60, p.
445, Wachsmuth.

Footnote 447:

See above, p. 176.

Footnote 448:

See above, Lecture II, p. 78.

Footnote 449:

_Cf._ _Revue de philologie_, XLIV, 1921, p. 232 ss.

Footnote 450:

Above, Introd., p. 13.

Footnote 451:

Museum of the University of California; Kaibel, _Inscr. Sicil. et
Ital._, 12, 1196. The sentence is taken from _Republ._, X, 617 C.

Footnote 452:

Porph., _De regressu anim._, fr. 11, Bidez = Aug., _Civ. Dei_, X, 30;
Jamblich. ap. Nemes., _De nat. hom._, 2; _cf._ Zeller, _Philos. Gr._,
V^4, p. 713.

Footnote 453:

“Has omnes, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,
Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno,
Scilicet immemores super ut convexa revisant,
Rursus et incipiant in corpore velle reverti.”
_Aen._, VI, 749–753.

Footnote 454:

See above, Lecture VI, p. 162, and Introd., p. 29.

Footnote 455:

_Études syriennes_, p. 70.

Footnote 456:

See Lecture VI, p. 161; _cf._ below, Lecture VIII, p. 196.

Footnote 457:

Virg., _Aen._, VI, 740 ss.

Footnote 458:

Plut., _De facie lunae_, p. 943 B.

Footnote 459:

Ps. Apul., _Asclep._, 28.

Footnote 460:

_Jahresh. Institut Wien_, XII, 1910, p. 213.

Footnote 461:

See above, Lecture III, p. 107.

Footnote 462:

Macrob., _Comm. Somn. Scip._, I, 11, 8; Proclus, _In Tim._, II, 48, 15
ss., Diehl.

Footnote 463:

Lecture II, p. 87 ss.

Footnote 464:

See Lecture I, p. 64 ss.

Footnote 465:

Tibullus, II, 6, 30: “Sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo.”

Footnote 466:

Tertull., _De testimonio animae_, 4.

Footnote 467:

_Securitati aeternae_; _cf._ Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8025 ss., 8149.

Footnote 468:

Cic., _Catil._, IV, 7; _cf._ _Tusc._, I, 11, 25; 49, 118.

Footnote 469:

Sen., _Dial._, VI, 19, 5.

Footnote 470:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8024 and note; _cf._ Cic., _Tusc._, I, 41, 97;
and Introd., p. 10.

Footnote 471:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1274:

“Morborum vitia et vitae mala maxima fugi.
Nunc careo poenis, pace fruor placida.”

Footnote 472:

Bücheler, _ibid._, 573:

“Qui post tantum onus, multos crebrosque labores
Nunc silet et tacito contentus sede quiescit.”

Footnote 473:

Bücheler, _ibid._, 507: “Poena fuit vita, requies mihi morte parata
est.”

Footnote 474:

Transl. by J. C. Anderson (in my _Astrology and Religion_, p. 171).

Footnote 475:

Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 8393, 79: “Te di Manes tui ut quietam patiantur
atque ita tueantur opto.”

Footnote 476:

See above, Lecture I, p. 68; II, p. 86, n. 39; V, p. 134.

Footnote 477:

See above, Lecture VI, p. 143.

Footnote 478:

Virg., _Aen._, VI, 705: “Domos placidas.”

Footnote 479:

See Introd., p. 34 ss.

Footnote 480:

_Comptes rendus Acad. Inscr._, 1912, p. 151 ss.; _cf._ Bücheler,
_Carm. epigr._, 513.

Footnote 481:

Lecture III, p. 95.

Footnote 482:

Lecture VI, p. 150.

Footnote 483:

_Odyssey_, VI, 42 ss.

Footnote 484:

Lucretius, III, 18 ss.

Footnote 485:

Zeno, fr. 147 (von Arnim, _Fragm. Stoicorum_, I, p. 40): “Zeno docuit
sedes piorum ab impiis esse discretas et illos quidem quietas ac
delectabiles habitare regiones.”

Footnote 486:

See Introd., p. 25; Lecture III, p. 96.

Footnote 487:

Macrob., _Somn. Scip._, I, 11, 6: “Vitae mortisque confinium.”

Footnote 488:

See above, Lecture II, p. 81 s.

Footnote 489:

See Lecture VII, p. 185 s.

Footnote 490:

Sen., _Consol. Marc._, 24, 5: “(Animus) nititur illo unde demissus
est; ibi illum aeterna requies manet e confusis crassisque pura et
liquida visentem.”

Footnote 491:

Plotin., IX, 8, 9, p. 768 A; IX, 8, 11, p. 770 C.

Footnote 492:

_Cf._ Aug., _Serm._, CCLX (P.L. XXXVIII, 1132, 38): “Dixerunt
Platonici ... animas, ire ad superna caelorum et requiescere ibi in
stellis et luminibus istis conspicuis.”

Footnote 493:

Lecture I, p. 45 ss.

Footnote 494:

_Ibid._, p. 69.

Footnote 495:

St. Ambrose, _De bono mortis_, 9; _cf._ Kaibel, _Inscr. Sic. It._,
2117.

Footnote 496:

Aug., _De anima_, II, 12.

Footnote 497:

_Book of Enoch_, 39.

Footnote 498:

IV _Esdr._, VII, 91: “Requiescent per septem ordines”; _cf._ VII, 95
(p. 131 ss., Violet).

Footnote 499:

IV _Esdr._, VII, 36, 38 (p. 146, Violet).

Footnote 500:

Ambrose, _De bono mortis_, 12, § 53 (P.L., XIV, 154); _cf._ IV
_Esdr._, VII, 39.

Footnote 501:

See Lecture I, p. 50.

Footnote 502:

See Lecture I, p. 54.

Footnote 503:

_Ibid._, p. 57.

Footnote 504:

Calder, _Journal of Roman Studies_, 1912, p. 254.

Footnote 505:

See above, Lecture I, p. 55 ss.

Footnote 506:

See Introd., p. 35; Lecture IV, p. 126.

Footnote 507:

Lucian, _Verae hist._, II, 14.

Footnote 508:

Best reproduction, Wilpert, _Pitture delle Catacombe Romane_, II,
132–133.

Footnote 509:

See above, Introd., pp. 35, 37.

Footnote 510:

Aelius Arist., XLV (VIII), 27 (p. 360, Keil).

Footnote 511:

See my _Oriental Religions_, Chap. IV, end.

Footnote 512:

See Lecture IV, p. 122; Introd., p. 34.

Footnote 513:

CIL, III, 14165.

Footnote 514:

See Lecture I, p. 68; II, p. 86; V, p. 134.

Footnote 515:

Bücheler, _Carm. epigr._, 1317 = CIL, VI, 142; _cf._ Plato, _Phaedo_,
p. 107D.

Footnote 516:

As it is elsewhere; _cf._ Introd., p. 11.

Footnote 517:

Lagrange, _Religions sémitiques_^2, 1905, p. 493.

Footnote 518:

Horace, _Od._, III, 3, 12.

Footnote 519:

Lecture IV, p. 113 s., 116 ss.

Footnote 520:

See, for instance, Kaibel, _Epigr. Graeca_, 312, 13.

Footnote 521:

Julian, _Caesares_, p. 307 C; _cf._ Introd., p. 29; Lecture III, p.
98.

Footnote 522:

_Patrologia Orientalis_, I, p. 1014.

Footnote 523:

See above, Lecture I, p. 55 s.

Footnote 524:

Lecture IV, p. 121.

Footnote 525:

For instance, by the physician Thessalus (under Nero); _cf._ _Cat.
codd. astrol._, VIII, 3, p. 137; VIII, 4, p. 257.

Footnote 526:

_Cf._ Lecture IV, pp. 121, 125 s.

Footnote 527:

See above, Lecture IV, p. 126.

Footnote 528:

P. 896 C; _cf._ p. 992 B.

Footnote 529:

See above, Lecture IV, p. 126.

Footnote 530:

The true interpretation has been given by Bevan, _Stoics and
Sceptics_, 1913, p. 112 s.

Footnote 531:

_Georg._, II, 489 ss.:

“Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,
Atque metus omnis et inexorabile Fatum
Subiecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari.”

Footnote 532:

Νηφάλιος μέθη, Philo., probably after Posidonius.

Footnote 533:

_Cf._ Lecture IV, p. 126.

Footnote 534:

_Anthol. Palatina_, IX, 577:

Οἶδ’ ὅτι θνατὸς ἐγὼ καὶ ἐφάμερος, ἀλλ’ ὅταν ἄστρων
μαστεύω πυκινὰς ἀμφιδρομους ἕλικας
οὐκετ’ ἐπιψαύω γαίης ποσὶν, ἀλλὰ παρ’ αὐτῷ
Ζανὶ θεοτρεφέος πίμπλαμαι ἀμβροσίης.

Footnote 535:

See Introd., p. 4.

Footnote 536:

See Lecture III, p. 108.

Footnote 537:

Μόνος πρὸς μόνῳ. The expression had been used by religion before being
taken over by philosophy. _Cf._ _Le culte égyptien et le mysticisme de
Plotin_, in _Monuments Piot_, XXV, 1922, p. 78 ss.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. P. 137, changed ἄνώνυμοι to ἀνώνυμοι. 2. P. 137, changed ἄτρόφοι to ἄτροφοι. 3. P. 225, changed Ἁγιάζο to Ἁγιάζω. 4. P. 225, changed εἴς to εἰς. 5. [391], changed ἀποσκοπεεις to ἀποσκοπέεις. 6. [534], changed Οῖδ’ to Οἶδ’. 7. [534], changed ἀμφιδρομους ἓλικας to ἀμφιδρόμους ἕλικας. 8. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 9. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 10. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 11. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 12. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character, e.g. M^r.