Chapter I: Front Matter

AIROPAIDIA:
OR
AËRIAL RECREATION.

+Descriptions+ _of_ the aërial Scenes _are illustrated with
_ENGRAVINGS_, by the best Masters: two of which are_ +coloured+.

_The_ one, _a circular View from the Balloon at its greatest
Elevation; the_ City of Chester _appearing in the_ Center.

The other, _a Specimen of Balloon Geography: being a Prospect
from_ above _the Clouds, of the Country between_ Chester, _and_
Warrington _in Lancashire, with the Track of the Balloon in the
Air_.

_A_ third _represents the Balloon over Helsbye-Hill in Cheshire,
with a beautiful View of the adjacent Country_.

AIROPAIDIA:
+containing
the NARRATIVE of a
BALLOON EXCURSION+
from +chester+, the eighth of September, 1785,
taken from +minutes+ made +during+ the Voyage:
H I N T S
+on the IMPROVEMENT of BALLOONS,
and MODE of INFLATION by _STEAM_:
MEANS to prevent their DESCENT over WATER:
occasional ENQUIRIES
into the STATE of the ATMOSPHERE,
favouring their DIRECTION:
with various philosophical
OBSERVATIONS and CONJECTURES.+
+to which is subjoined,
MENSURATION of HEIGHTS by the BAROMETER,
_MADE PLAIN:_
with extensive TABLES.+
The +whole+ serving as an +introduction+ to
AËRIAL NAVIGATION:
+with a copious+ INDEX.

+By THOMAS BALDWIN, Esq. A. M.+

- - - - - Addita +navigiis+ sunt

Multa. _Lucretius De Rerum Nat._ L. 5, V. 335.

Nihil +perfectum+ simul ac +inceptum+.

+Usus uni rei+ deditus, et +naturam+ et +artem+ sæpe
vincit.
_Cicero._

CHESTER:

Printed for the Author, by J. Fletcher; and sold by W.
Lowndes, No. 77, Fleet-street, London; J. Poole, Chester;
and other Booksellers.

1786.
Price, in Boards, 7s. 6d.

TO THE
PRINCIPAL INHABITANTS
OF
_CHESTER:_

For their +polite attention+ on the Day of Ascent, and Preservation
of +order+ during the +inflation+: on which, the Success of aërial
Experiments so much depends, and throu’ the Want of which, so many
have already failed; for the kind Anxiety manifested during his
Absence; and for their friendly +congratulations+, on his safe
Return; the following Account of the Balloon-Excursion, written at
their Request, is, by their Permission, with all Gratitude, Esteem
and Respect,

+dedicated+,
by their most obliged,
and most obedient Servant
+the+ AIRONAUT.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE PLATES; WITH DIRECTIONS
FOR PLACING THEM.

1st. _An Account of the Plates._

1. (_a_) _A Circular View from the Balloon at its greatest
Elevation_, (Page 58.) The Spectator is supposed to be in the Car
of the Balloon, suspended above the _Center_ of the View: looking
_down_ on the Amphitheatre or _white_ Floor of Clouds, and seeing
the _City of Chester_, as it appeared throu’ the _Opening_: which
discovers the Landscape _below_, limited, by surrounding Vapour, to
something less than _two_ Miles in Diameter.

The Breadth of the _blue_ Margin _defines_ the _apparent_ Height
of the Spectator in the Balloon (viz. 4 Miles) _above_ the
_white_ Floor of Clouds, as he hangs in the Center, and looks
_horizontally_ round, into the _azure_ Sky.

2. (_b_) _The Balloon over Helsbye-Hill in Cheshire_, at half past
II. on Thursday the 8th of September, 1785. (Page 78.)

It is seen in the _South-west-Quarter_.

The View was taken in a _high_ Field, at the End of Sutton-Causeway.

Helsbye-Hill, tho’ upwards of 600 _Feet high_, appeared from the
Car of the Balloon, to be on the _same Level_ with the _Grounds
below_.

3. (_c_) _A Balloon-Prospect from above the Clouds_, (Page 154,)
or _Chromatic_ View of the Country between Chester, Warrington and
Rixton-Moss in Lancashire: shewing the whole Extent of the aërial
Voyage; with the _meandering_ Track of the Balloon throu’ the Air.

4. _The Explanatory Print_ (_d_), (Page 155:) which elucidates the
former by giving the Names of the principal Places mentioned in the
Excursion.

N. B. _The Circular View_ is seen to the best Advantage, when
placed _flat_ on a Table or Chair, and _rather_ in the Shade: the
Eye looking _directly_ down upon the Picture.

Whoever will be at the Trouble of viewing _distinct_ Parts of the
_Balloon-Prospect_, throu’ a very small Opening, made by rolling
a Sheet of Paper into the Form of a hollow Tube, and applying it
close to either Eye, at the same Time shutting the other; or by
looking throu’ the Hand, held a little open, and close to the Eye;
may form a very accurate Idea of the Manner, in which the _Prospect
below_ was represented _gradually in Succession_, to the Aironaut;
whose Sight was bounded by a Circularity of Vapour, as in Section
79, 221.

2d. _Directions for placing them._

Place the _Top_ of the +circular view+, _even_ with the _Top_ of
the Page.

The Plate will then lye over at the Bottom, and at the _right_ Side
of the Page.

Fold the Bottom up into the Book, even with the Margin: and the
_right_ Side in like Manner.

Observe to place the _Bottom_ of each of the other Plates, even
with the _Bottom_ of the Page.

The Plate will then lye _over_ at the Top, and at the _right_ Side
of the Page.

Fold the Top _down_, into the Book, _even_ with the Margin: and the
right Side, in like Manner.

The circular View, to _face_ Page 58.

The Balloon over Helsbye-Hill, to _face_ Page 78.

The Balloon Prospect, to _face_ Page 154.

The explanatory Print, to be placed _on_ Page 155: and, when
unfolded, to be seen _along with_ the Balloon-Prospect.

Literal and other Errors proper to be examined, and
corrected with the Pen, before the Book is read.

Page.

6. Note [1]—ειαδεν _write_ ευαδεν.

18. Note [6]—_Cube_ of the Velocity, &c. _write_ (as in some
Copies) Square of the Velocity, &c. the Resistence will be as
3 × 3 = 9.—See Chambers’s Dictionary, under +resistence+.

23. Section 21. _Blot out_ [Signs] of Currents.

26. _Before_ All Things being thus prepared, _insert_ [_Section_]
_viz._ 25.

35. Line 13.—I o’Clock, _write_ I. o’Clock.

54. Section 52.—an Extent above them of 77 Miles, _write_ an
Extent of 102 Miles. See the Occasion of this Mistake in Note
(_a_) Calculation SECOND, which makes the Answer 102 Miles, 1
Quarter, 320 Yards; and the Ans. to the
PROBLEM being 102 1 307
—————————————————————————
gives the Prospect 13 Yards
less than _that_ over the Clouds.

84. Line 4.—great Turnpike-Road, _write_ great public Road.

84. Note [26] _After_ See Moore’s Practical Navigator, _insert_
See Page 98 [34].

98. _After_ Note [34] _add_ See Section 84, Note [26].

118. Line 5.—from a vertical Situation only, to be seen, _write_
to be seen from a vertical Situation only:.

174. Line 1.—excessine Diminution _write_ excessive Diminution.

177. Line 9.—contain _write_ contains.

202. The Sections 259, 260, 261, are repeated.

234. Line 6.—a Yard, _write_ two Yards.

236. Line 3. _After the Words_ in Danger of breaking; _add_ the
Bottom of the Balloon must be opened, or the upper Valve
drawn. _And erase the Remainder of the Sentence._

237. Line 4.—which is a Sign that the Balloon descends, _write_
(which is a Sign that the Balloon descends).

242. Line 21.—supercede, _write_ supersede.

263. Line 5.—commonly: ascend, _write_ commonly ascend:.

266. Line 21.—their Passage _write_ its Passage.

271. Line 14.—each 4 Feet _write_ each 4 Inches.

278. Lines 15 and 18.—third Tables _and_ third Table, _write_
fourth Tables _and_ fourth Table.

283. Note [119].—more than the three first Decimals _write_ more
than the four first Decimals.

288. Line 5. _After_ .0000076, _insert_ which, being divided by
.1, gives a Cypher less.

288. Line 11.—with 4° on .25, _write_ with 4° on 25.

290. Note [120]—at low Water.) _write_ at low Water.

292. Line 23.—there will remain the greater Height, _write_ there
will remain, +secondly+; (see Section 367) the greater Height.

303. Line 6.—(viz. the 8,) _write_ (viz. the .8,).

309. Line 10. Marginal Note.—_7th Step in Section_ 366. write _7th
Step in Section_ 368.

310. _After_ Line 23, _insert_ _Air_-Thermom. 56°.

311. Line 1.—By the Practice of the first Example, _write_
Practice of the second Example.

312. Line 29. _After_ The Answer, &c. _insert_, made by rejecting
a Cypher,.

317. Before the last Line but two, _insert_ +end of the first
stage+.

318. Line 23.—the 2d Tenth, _write_ the 1st Tenth.

319. Line 13.—, gives 7. _write_, gives 97.

322. last Line but two.—and the remaining Feet _write_ the
remaining Feet.

AIROPAIDIA: