Chapter I: Preface

In teaching history to boys and girls from ten to twelve years old simple material should be used. Children of that age like action. They crave the dramatic, the picturesque, the concrete, the personal. When they read about Daniel Boone or Abraham Lincoln they do far more than admire their hero. By a mysterious, sympathetic process they so identify themselves with him as to feel that what they see in him is possible for them. Herein is suggested the ethical value of history. But such ethical stimulus, be it noted, can come only in so far as actions are translated into the thoughts and feelings embodied in the actions.

In this process of passing from deeds to the hearts and heads of the doers the image-forming power plays a leading part. Therefore a special effort should be made to train the sensuous imagination by furnishing picturesque and dramatic incidents, and then so skilfully presenting them that the children may get living pictures. This I have endeavored to do in the preparation of this historical reader, by making prominent the personal traits of the heroes and leaders, as they are seen, in boyhood and manhood alike, in the environment of their every-day home and social life.

With the purpose of quickening the imagination, questions "To the Pupil" are introduced at intervals throughout the book, and on almost every page additional questions of the same kind might be supplied to advantage. "What picture do you get in that paragraph?" may well be asked over and over again, as children read the book. If they get clear and definite pictures, they will be likely to see the past as a living present, and thus will experience anew the thoughts and feelings of those who now live only in their words and deeds. The steps in this vital process are imagination, sympathy, and assimilation.

To the same end the excellent maps and illustrations contribute a prominent and valuable feature of the book. If, in the elementary stages of historical reading, the image-forming power is developed, when the later work in the study of organized history is reached the imagination can hold the outward event before the mind for the judgment to determine its inner significance. For historical interpretation is based upon the inner life quite as much as upon the outward expression of that life in action.

Attention is called to the fact that while the biographical element predominates, around the heroes and leaders are clustered typical and significant events in such a way as to give the basal facts of American history. It is hoped, therefore, that this little volume will furnish the young mind some conception of what our history is, and at the same time stimulate an abiding interest in historical and biographical reading.

Perhaps it is needless to say that the "Review Outline" may be used in many ways. It certainly will furnish excellent material for language work, oral or written. In so using it pupils may well be encouraged to enlarge the number of topics.

I wish to acknowledge my obligations to Professor William E. Mead, of Wesleyan University, who has read the manuscript and made invaluable suggestions; also to my wife, whose interest and assistance have done much to give the book whatever of merit it may possess.

WILBUR F. GORDY.

HARTFORD, CONN., May 1, 1901.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
I. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA, 1
II. HERNANDO DE SOTO AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI, 22
III. SIR WALTER RALEIGH AND THE FIRST ENGLISH ATTEMPTS TO
COLONIZE AMERICA, 31
IV. JOHN SMITH AND THE SETTLEMENT OF JAMESTOWN, 42
V. NATHANIEL BACON AND THE UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE IN
VIRGINIA IN 1676, 55
VI. MILES STANDISH AND THE PILGRIMS, 64
VII. ROGER WILLIAMS AND THE PURITANS, 81
VIII. WILLIAM PENN AND THE SETTLEMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 92
IX. CAVELIER DE LA SALLE AND THE FRENCH IN THE MISSISSIPPI
VALLEY, 103
X. GEORGE WASHINGTON, THE BOY SURVEYOR AND YOUNG SOLDIER, 116
XI. JAMES WOLFE, THE HERO OF QUEBEC, 136
XII. PATRICK HENRY AND THE STAMP ACT, 146
XIII. SAMUEL ADAMS AND THE BOSTON TEA PARTY, 156
XIV. PAUL REVERE AND THE BATTLE OF CONCORD AND LEXINGTON, 165
XV. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND AID FROM FRANCE, 175
XVI. GEORGE WASHINGTON, THE VIRGINIA PLANTER AND THE
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIER, 189
XVII. NATHANIEL GREENE, THE HERO OF THE SOUTH, AND FRANCIS
MARION, THE "SWAMP FOX," 211
XVIII. DANIEL BOONE, THE KENTUCKY PIONEER, 222
XIX. THOMAS JEFFERSON AND THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE, 234
XX. ROBERT FULTON AND THE STEAMBOAT, 246
XXI. ANDREW JACKSON, THE UPHOLDER OF THE UNION, 253
XXII. DANIEL WEBSTER, THE DEFENDER AND EXPOUNDER OF THE
CONSTITUTION, 264
XXIII. SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE AND THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH, 273
XXIV. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THE LIBERATOR OF THE SLAVES, 282
XXV. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT AND THE CIVIL WAR, 302
XXVI. SOME LEADERS AND HEROES IN THE WAR WITH SPAIN, 314

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
Christopher Columbus, 1
The Santa Maria, 7
The Nina, 8
The Pinta, 9
The Triumphal Return of Columbus to Spain, 13
An Indian Stone Maul, 20
Hernando De Soto, 22
De Soto Discovering the Mississippi, 25
Sir Walter Raleigh, 31
Queen Elizabeth, 35
Entrance to Raleigh's Cell in the Tower, 38
Tower of London, 39
An Indian Pipe, 40
John Smith, 42
John Smith and the Indians, 45
Indian Weapons, 46
Ruins of Jamestown, 47
Apache's War-club, 50
Sioux Indian Bow and Arrow with Stone Point, 50
Navajo Sling, 51
A Pappoose Case, 51
Tobacco Plant, 56
Loading Tobacco, 57
The Burning of Jamestown, 61
Miles Standish, 64
The Mayflower, 70
A Matchlock Gun, 74
A Group of Pilgrim Relics, 75
Pilgrims Returning from Church, 77
Brewster's and Standish's Swords, 79
Roger Williams on his Way to Visit the Chief of the Narragansett
Indians, 83
A Block House, 84
Roger Williams's Meeting-House, 85
A Puritan Fireplace, 87
William Penn, 92
William Penn's Famous Treaty with the Indians, 95
Penn's Slate-roof House, Philadelphia, 98
A Belt of Wampum Given to Penn by the Indians, 99
Cavelier De La Salle, 103
Long House of the Iroquois, 104
The Murder of La Salle by his Followers, 113
George Washington, 116
Washington's Birthplace, 117
Washington Crossing the Alleghany River, 119
The Death of Braddock, 129
James Wolfe, 136
General Montcalm, 139
The Death of Wolfe, 141
Patrick Henry, 146
George III., 149
St. John's Church, Richmond, 152
Samuel Adams, 156
Faneuil Hall, Boston, 160
The Old South Church, Boston, 161
The "Boston Tea Party," 163
Paul Revere, 165
The Old North Church, 168
Stone in Front of the Harrington House, Lexington, Marking
the Line of the Minute-Men, 170
The Retreat of the British from Concord, 172
Benjamin Franklin, 175
Franklin in the Streets of Philadelphia, 180
Franklin Experimenting with Electricity, 184
Lafayette Offering His Services to Franklin, 186
George Washington, 189
Washington's Coach, 190
A Stage Coach of the Eighteenth Century, 191
Washington's Retreat through New Jersey, 199
Winter at Valley Forge, 204
Washington's Home--Mount Vernon, 208
Nathaniel Greene, 211
Lord Cornwallis, 215
General Francis Marion, 218
Marion and His Men Swooping Down on a British Camp, 219
Daniel Boone, 222
Indian Costume (Female), 224
Indian Costume (Male), 225
Daniel Boone in his Cabin, 228
A Hand Corn Mill, 229
A Wigwam, 231
Indian Implements, 232
Thomas Jefferson, 234
Monticello, 237
Thomas Jefferson at Work upon the First Draft of the Declaration
of Independence, 238
Robert Fulton, 246
A Pack Horse, 247
A Flat Boat, 248
The Clermont, 251
Andrew Jackson, 253
Andrew Jackson's Cradle, 254
A Spinning Wheel, 255
Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans, 261
Daniel Webster, 264
Marshfield--Home of Daniel Webster, 271
S. F. B. Morse, 273
Telegraph and Railroad, 280
Abraham Lincoln, 282
Lincoln's Birthplace, 283
Lincoln Studying, 287
Slaves on a Cotton Plantation, 299
Ulysses S. Grant, 302
The Meeting of Generals Grant and Lee at Appomattox, 310
The McLean House, 311
General R. E. Lee, 312
The Wreck of the Maine, 316
Admiral Dewey, 318
President MCKinley, 319
"Escolta," Manila's Main Street, 320

LIST OF MAPS

PAGE
Places of Interest in Connection with Columbus's Earlier Life, 3
The First Voyage of Columbus, and Places of Interest in
Connection with his Later Voyages, 11
Routes Traversed by De Soto and De Leon, 27
Cabot's Route. Land Discovered by him Darkened, 33
Section where Raleigh's various Colonies were Located, 37
Jamestown and the Surrounding Country, 48
The Pilgrims in England and Holland, 67
The Pilgrim Settlement, 72
The Rhode Island Settlement, 88
The Pennsylvania Settlement, 97
Map Showing Routes of Cartier, Champlain, and La Salle, also
French and English Possessions at the Time of the Last
French War, 107
The English Colonies and the French Claims in 1754, 121
The French in the Ohio Valley, 123
Quebec and Surroundings, 138
Paul Revere's Ride, 167
Franklin's Journey from New York to Philadelphia, 178
Map Illustrating the Battle of Long Island, 196
Map Illustrating the Struggle for the Hudson River and the
Middle States, 201
Map Showing the War in the South, 213
The Kentucky Settlement, 223
Map of Louisiana Purchase: also United States in 1803, 242
Map Illustrating Two of Andrew Jackson's Campaigns, 258
Map of the United States showing the Southern Confederacy,
the Slave States that did not Secede, and the Territories, 297
Map Illustrating Campaigns in the West in 1862-63, 307
The United States Coast and the West Indies, 315
Portion of the Coast of China and the Philippine Islands, 325