Chapter II: Preface: v

INTRODUCTION xi

CHAPTER I

PAGE

CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF SICKNESS 1

Communicable diseases, 1. Micro-organisms and bacteria,
1. Parasites, 3. Structure and development of parasites,
4. Bacteria, 4. Shape, 4. Size, 5. Motion, 5.
Multiplication, 5. Spores, 7. Distribution, 8. Protozoa,
8. Visible parasites, 8. Transmission of pathogenic
organisms, 9. Defenses of the body, 12. Immunity, 13.
Vaccination and inoculation, 15. Carriers, 17.
Non-communicable diseases, 20. Physical examinations, 22.

CHAPTER II

HEALTH AND THE HOME 27

Heredity, 27. Hygiene of environment and person, 28.
Ventilation, 29. Lighting, 32. Cleanliness of houses, 33.
Garbage, 37. Insects, 38. Sewage, 39. Personal
cleanliness, 41. Oral hygiene, 44. Treatment of teeth,
46. Clothing, 47. Food, 48. Elimination, 52. Rest and
fatigue, 53. Sleep, 55. Recreation, 55.

CHAPTER III

BABIES AND THEIR CARE 60

Growth and development, 64. Average size, 64. Muscular
development, 65. Development of special senses, of
speech, of teeth, 66. Normal excretions, 67. Clothing,
68. Sleep, 70. Fresh air, 72. Diet, 72. Intervals of
feeding, 73. Water, 75. Weaning, 75. Nursing bottles and
nipples, 75. Tables of diet, 78. Bathing, 78. Eyes, 80.
Mouth, 81. Nostrils, 81. Genital organs, 81. Development
of habits, 82. Exercise, 83. Play and toys, 85.

CHAPTER IV

INDICATIONS OF SICKNESS 88

Objective symptoms, 92. Temperature, 92. Pulse, 96.
Respiration, 99. General appearance, 100. Special senses,
101. Voice, tongue, throat, gums, 102. Cough, 103.
Appetite, 103. Excretions, 103. Loss of weight, 104.
Sleep, 104. Mental conditions, 104. Subjective symptoms,
105. Pain, 105. Records, 107. Tuberculosis, cancer and
mental illness, 107. Tuberculosis, 109. Cancer, 111.
Mental illness, 112.

CHAPTER V

EQUIPMENT AND CARE OF THE SICK ROOM 117

Choice of a sick room, 118. Furnishing, 120. Ventilation,
123. Heating, 124. Lighting, 124. Cleaning, 126. The
attendant, 127.

CHAPTER VI

BEDS AND BEDMAKING 132

Bedsteads, 133. Mattresses, 135. Care of the mattress,
136. Pillows, 136. Protection of the mattress and
pillows, 137. Rubber sheets and pillow-cases, 138.
Sheets, 139. Draw sheets, 139. Pillow covers, 140.
Blankets, 140. Comforters and quilts, 141. Counterpanes,
141. Bedmaking, 141. To make an unoccupied bed, 143. To
change a patient's pillows, 146. Lifting a patient in
bed, 146. To turn a patient in bed, 147. To change sheets
while patient is in bed, 147. To move patient from one
bed to another, 150.

CHAPTER VII

BATHS AND BATHING 154

Cleansing baths, 154. Bed bath, 156. Care of the mouth
and teeth, 160. Care of the hair, 163. To wash the hair
of a bed patient, 164. Hot foot-baths, 165. Cool sponge
bath, 166.

CHAPTER VIII

APPLIANCES AND METHODS FOR THE SICK-ROOM 169

Devices to give support, 172. Bedpans, 176. Daily routine
in the sick-room, 179. Time for visitors, 182.

CHAPTER IX

FEEDING THE SICK 187

The digestive process, 188. Feeding the sick, 191. Liquid
diet, 192. Semi-solid diet, 192. Light or convalescent
diet, 193. Full diet, 193. Serving food for the sick,
195. To feed a helpless patient, 197.

CHAPTER X

MEDICINES AND OTHER REMEDIES 200

Action of drugs, 200. Amateur dosing, 202. Patent
remedies, 205. Administration of medicine, 206.
Suppositories, 209. Enemata, 210. Sprays and gargles,
213. Inhalation, 213. Inunction, 214. Household medicine
cupboard, 215.

CHAPTER XI

APPLICATION OF HEAT, COLD AND COUNTER-IRRITANTS 220

Inflammation, 220. Hot applications, 225. Dry heat, 225.
Moist heat, 227. Stupes or hot fomentations, 229. Cold
applications, 231. Dry cold, 231. Moist cold, 232. Cold
compresses for the eyes, 232. Counter-irritants, 233.
Mustard paste, 233. Mustard leaves, 234.

CHAPTER XII

CARE OF PATIENTS WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 236

Incubation period, 238. Care of patients with colds or
other slight infections, 238. Care during more serious
infections, 242. Children's diseases, 246. Rules for
isolation and exclusion from school, 247. Disinfection,
248. Care of nose and throat discharges, 249. Care of
discharges from the bowels and bladder, 249. Bath water,
250. Care of the hands, 250. Care of utensils, 251. Care
of linen, 251. Disinfection of the person, 252.
Termination of quarantine, 252. Terminal disinfection,
253. Fumigation, 254.

CHAPTER XIII

COMMON AILMENTS AND EMERGENCIES 257

Conditions in which the nervous system is involved, 257.
Headache, 257. Sleeplessness, 258. Fainting, 259.
Convulsions, 260. Shock, 261. Stimulants, 263. Sunstroke
and heat exhaustion, 264. Conditions in which the
digestive tract is affected, 265. Nausea and vomiting,
265. Hiccough, 265. Diarrhœa, 266. Constipation, 266.
Colic, 266. Conditions in which the eyes or ears are
affected, 267. Styes, 267. Foreign bodies in the eye,
267. Disorders affecting the ears, 268. Conditions in
which the skin is affected, 269. Prickly heat, 269.
Insect bites and stings, 270. Ivy poisoning, 270. Other
emergencies, 270. Chills, 270. Croup, 271. Bleeding, 272.
Treatment of slight wounds, 272. Nose bleed, 274. Profuse
menstruation, 275. Other injuries, 275. Sprains, 275.
Bruises, 276. Burns and scalds, 277. Brush burn, 278.

CHAPTER XIV

SPECIAL POINTS IN THE CARE OF CHILDREN, CONVALESCENTS,
CHRONICS, AND THE AGED 280

Children, 281. Physical defects, 283. Eye-strain, 284.
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids, 284. Defective hearing,
285. Defective teeth, 286. Posture, 286. Predisposition
to nervousness, 292. Convalescent patients, 294. Chronic
patients, 299. Care of the aged, 303.

CHAPTER XV

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 312

APPENDIX 319

Circulars of information issued by Division of Child
Hygiene, New York Department of Health.

GLOSSARY 326

INDEX 331