Chapter II: Part 2

Leading rug merchants are Karaghuesian, Gulbenkian, Kelekian, and Pushman, _Armenians_ ... leading linen and lace merchants are Mallouk, Kassab, Bardwill, Jabara, Mamary, and Boutross, _Syrians_ ... largest raiser of orchids and specialist in cacti is J. A. Manda, _Yugoslav_ ... first American circus opened in Baraboo, Wisconsin, in 1854, by Ringling Brothers, _German_ ... Virginia tobacco trade founded by Augustine Herrman, _Czech_ ... gas first introduced in 1830 by Edward Jones, _Welsh_, in Boston.

_Mining_

First oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa., by Edwin Drake, _English_, in 1859.... In Texas, oil was first struck by Anthony F. Lucas, _Yugoslav_ ... coal in Pennsylvania first discovered by William Jones, _Welsh_ ... pioneer miner of Colorado was Vaso Chakovic, _Yugoslav_ ... first California gold found on ranch of John Sutter, _German-Swiss_ ... eminent mining industrialists include Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, _Swiss Jews_, and Adolph Lewisohn, _German Jew_.

_Banking_

Leading bankers include: J. Pierpont Morgan, _Welsh_ ... Nathan Straus, Felix Warburg, Jacob Schiff, Otto Kahn, and James Speyer, _German Jews_ ... Charles G. Dawes, _English_ ... Amadeo Gianini, _Italian_ ... and Jesse Jones, _Welsh_.

_Building_

First American iron sea-going steamship built in 1859 by José Francisco de Navarro, _Spaniard_, who also laid foundation of cement business in this country ... Panama Canal built by General Goethals, _Netherlander_ ... George Washington Bridge built by Othmar Ammann, _Swiss_ ... Manhattan Bridge in New York and Interstate Bridge connecting Philadelphia and Camden built by Leon Moisseff, _Russian_.

Hetch Hetchy water system from Sierra Nevada to San Francisco built by Michael O’Shaughnessy, _Irish_ ... Ralph Modjeski, _Polish Jew_, chairman, Board of Engineers, San Francisco-Oakland Bridge ... Peter Demyanoff, _Russian_, railroad builder.

Our Gifts to the Arts and Crafts

_Literature_

Outstanding novelists have been James Fenimore Cooper, _English-Swedish_; Oliver W. Holmes, _English-Netherlander_; Mark Twain, _English_; Wm. Dean Howells, _Welsh-Irish-English-German_; Mary Wilkins-Freeman, _English_; Nathaniel Hawthorne, _Irish_; Theodore Dreiser, _German_; James W. Johnson, _Negro_; Frank Norris, _English_; Booth Tarkington, _English_; Fannie Hurst, Edna Ferber, and Ludwig Lewisohn, _German Jews_; Jacob Riis, _Dane_; Louis Adamic, _Yugoslav_.

Our leading poets include, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier, _English_; Edgar A. Poe, _Scotch-Irish-English_; Walt Whitman, _English-Netherlander_; Sidney Lanier, _French_; Eugene Field, _English_; Robert Frost, _Scotch-English_; Edwin Markham, _English_; James W. Riley, _Netherlander-English_; Carl Sandburg, _Swede_; Edna St. Vincent Millay, _English-French_; Joaquin Miller and Joyce Kilmer, _Germans_; Louis Untermeyer, _German Jew_, and Arthur Guitermann, _Austrian Jew_; Christopher Morley, _Irish_; Phillis Wheatley and Paul Dunbar, _Negroes_.

Pioneer heroism immortalized by O. E. Rölvaag, _Norwegian_.... Good literature circulated in humble homes by P. F. Collier, _Irish_ ... historian, writer, and lecturer, William Hendrik van Loon, _Netherlander_.

_Music_

Father of our orchestras and founder of Handel and Haydn Society was Gottlieb Graupner, _German_ ... first organ builder and maker of spinets was Gustaf Hesselius, _Swede_ ... our first important composer was Ernst Bloch, _Swiss Jew_.

“Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” composed by James Bland, _Negro_ ... “Johnny Comes Marching Home” composed by Patrick Gilmore, _Irish_ ... “Old Folks at Home,” by Stephen Foster, _Scotch-Irish_ ... an _Italian_, Campanini, was first director and leader of Metropolitan ... Gatti Casazza, _Italian_, famous director of Metropolitan ... organizer of Flonzaley Quartet was Alfred Pochon, _Swiss_.

Famous composers include: Victor Herbert, _Irish_; Edward MacDowell, _Scot_; John Philip Sousa, _Portuguese_; Percy Grainger, _Australian_; Eugene Goosens, _English_; Howard Hanson, _Swede_; William Grant Still, _Negro_; Daniel Protheroe, _Welsh_; Sigmond Romberg, _German Jew_; George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, _Russian Jews_; Alma Glück, _Roumanian_; Rudolf Friml, _Czech_.

Outstanding conductors include Gabrilowitch, _Russian Jew_; Walter and Klemperer, _German_; Koussevitsky and Smallens, _Russian Jews_; Stokowski, _Polish_; Ormany and Rapee, _Hungarians_; Ganz, _Swiss_; Koshetz, _Ukrainian_; Zilotti, _Russian_; Busch, _Dane_; Kindler, _Netherlander_; Damrosch, _German_; Rodzinsky, _Yugoslav_; Victor Kolar, _Czech_.

Leading violin players of world-wide fame are: Elman, Heifetz, Zimbalist, _Russian Jews_; and Yehudi Menuhin, _Roumanian Jew_; Ysaye, _Belgian_; Dvonc, _Czech_; Prydatkevich, _Ukrainian_.

Famous pianists include Rachmaninoff, _Russian_; Iturbi, _Spaniard_; Honti, _Hungarian_.

Leading flutist is Callimahos, _Greek_; noted zylophonist is Y. Hiraoka, _Japanese_.

Among the great concert artists are Sophie Braslau, _Russian Jew_; Lotte Lehmann, _German_; Rosa Raisa, _Italian Jew_; Schumann-Heink, _Austrian_; John Charles Thomas, _Welsh_, and Paul Robeson, Jules Bledsoe, Marian Anderson, Roland Hayes, _Negroes_.

_Art_

Father of American painting was Benjamin West, _English_ ... portraits of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison by Charles Gilbert Stuart, _Scot_ ... “Washington Crossing the Delaware,” by Emmanuel Lutze, _German_ ... famous portraits by John Copley, _Irish_ ... famous etchings by Joseph Pennell, _English-Irish_ ... “Artist’s Mother” by James McNeil Whistler, _Scotch-Irish_.

“Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” by Malvin Johnson, _Negro_ ... “Return of Prodigal Son” by Henry Mosler, _German Jew_ ... “Gassed” and portraits by John S. Sargent, _English-Italian_ ... “Autumn Oaks” by George Inness, _Scot_ ... “Conquerors”—building of Panama Canal—by Jonas Lie, _Norwegian_ ... “Resurrection of Lazarus” by Henry O. Tanner, _Negro_ ... “Still Life” by Yasu Kuniyoshi, _Japanese_.

First modernist in America was Arthur Davies, _Welsh_ ... corrupt Tweed ring in New York City smashed by cartoons of Thomas Nast, _German_ ... leader in landscape painting, Frederick Detwiller, _Swiss_ ... master of miniatures, Malthe Hasselriis, _Dane_ ... famous frescoes in National Capitol by Brumidi, _Italian_ ... illustrator of folk tales and fairy stories, Willie Pogany, _Hungarian_ ... journalistic cartoons by Harrison Fisher, _Czech_.

_Sculpture_

“Puritan,” “Shaw Memorial,” and other statues by Saint-Gaudens, _Irish-French_ ... “Memory” and “Lincoln” statues by Daniel Chester French, _English_ ... work on Stone Mountain, Georgia, and Mt. Rushmore, South Dakota by Gutzon Borglum, _Dane_ ... “Pioneer Mother” at Kansas City by Phimester Proctor, _Canadian_ ... “The Sower” on the Nebraska State Capitol by Lee Lawrie, _German_ ... statues of Indians by Ivan Mestrovic, _Yugoslav_ ... McKinley monument by Haig Patigian, _Armenian_.

_Italian_ sculptors who helped adorn National Capitol were: Franzoni, bronze clock with statue of Storia on top ... Valperti, emblematic eagle ... Amateis, bronze doors ... Causici, Statue of Liberty Proclaiming Peace ... Trentanove, “Pere Marquette” statue ... Vincenti, Indian chief, Be-she-ke.

_Architecture_

Skyscraper developed by Louis Henry Sullivan, _Irish-French-German_ ... Fanueil Hall, Boston, designed by John Smibert, _Scot_ ... Vieux Carrè, New Orleans, laid out by Adrien de Pauger, _French_ ... foremost architect in stone was Henry Richardson, _English_ ... Frank Lloyd Wright, _Welsh_, harmonized buildings with surroundings ... St. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York City, built by Joseph Zvak, _Czech_ ... prominent naval architect is Wm. Hovgaard, _Dane_.

City planning by Eliel Saarinen, _Finn_ ... Bertram Goodhue, _Scot-English_, developed and refined Gothic in public buildings ... Folger Library and Pan-American Building in Washington by Paul Cret, _Belgian_ ... banks and office buildings by Stephen Voorhees, _Netherlander_ ... church architecture by Ralph Cram, _German_, and Charles Maginnis, _Irish_.

_Motion Pictures_

Outstanding motion-picture stars: Antonio Moreno, _Spaniard_ ... Luise Rainer, _Austrian_ ... Charles Laughton and Ronald Colman, _English_ ... Francis Lederer, _Czech_ ... Jean Hersholt, _Dane_ ... Pola Negri, _Pole_ ... Anna Sten, _Ukrainian_ ... Laura La Plante, _Yugoslav_.

Leading producers: Mayer, Lasky, Warner, _Russian Jews_, and Goldwyn, _Polish Jew_ ... pioneers of industry were D. W. Griffith, _Welsh_, Zukor and Fox, _Hungarian Jews_, and Loew, _German Jew_ ... technique of cinematography modernized by Vorkepic, _Yugoslav_.

_Theatre_

Pioneer of modern American theatre, Augustin Daly, _Irish_ ... geniuses of the theatre include Belasco, _Portuguese Jew_; Frohmans, Shuberts, Selwyn, Warfield, Hammerstein, _German Jews_, and Nazimova, _Russian Jew_ ... John Drew, _Irish_ ... Richard Mansfield, Julia Marlowe, and Barrymores, _English_ ... Paul Robeson, _Negro_ ... the magician, Houdini, _Hungarian_.

_Journalism_

New York Weekly Journal founded by Peter Zenger, _German_, in 1733 ... New York Tribune founded by Horace Greeley, _Scotch-Irish_ ... publisher of St. Louis Post-Dispatch and New York World was Joseph Pulitzer, _Hungarian Jew_ ... first great newspaper syndicate established by S. S. McClure, _Irish_ ... magazine, famous as a militant muckraker founded by P. F. Collier, _Irish_.

First modern newspaper, the New York Morning Herald, founded in 1835 by James G. Bennett, _Scot_ ... New York Times founded by Henry Raymond, _Scot_, and George Jones, _Welsh_ ... chain of newspapers founded by James Scripps, _English_ ... chain of newspapers founded by Wm. Randolph Hearst, _Scotch-English_ ... editor of a ladies’ magazine, Edward Bok, _Netherlander_.

Our Gifts to Social Progress and Government

Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, _Welsh_, signed by 1 _Swede_, 3 _Irish_, 4 _Scots_, 5 _Welsh_, 5 _Scotch-Irish_, 38 _English_, with John Morton, _Swede_, casting deciding ballot ... the thirteen colonies were christened the “United States of America” by Thomas Paine, _English_.

_Social Welfare_

Our first social reformer was Robert Owen, _Welsh_ ... first one to make use of music in social work was Wm. van de Wall, _Netherlander_ ... founder of Red Cross, Clara Barton, _English_ ... founder of Chicago’s famous Hull House was Jane Addams, _English_ ... slums attacked by Jacob Riis, _Dane_, in “How Other Half Lives” ... welfare library on Ellis Island organized by Rev. John Kweetin, _Latvian_ ... anti-saloonist and feminist, Carrie Chapman Catt, _English-German_ ... Atlanta School of Social Work, directed by Forrester Washington, _Negro_ ... Lillian Wald, _German Jew_, a social-welfare leader ... famous home for boys, Father Flanagan, _Irish_.

_Government and Politics_

Two-thirds of our presidents, including Washington, are of _English_ descent ... Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover, _German_ ... Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, _Netherlanders_ ... Jefferson, Madison, John Adams, John Q. Adams, Harrison, and Garfield, _Welsh_ ... Monroe, Hayes, Grant, Wilson, and McKinley, _Scots_.

Among our leading statesmen were Hamilton, Calhoun, Webster, Jefferson Davis, _Scot-Welsh_ ... James Blaine, Chauncey Depew, Stephen Douglas, mainly _Scots_ ... Patrick Henry, _Scot-English-Welsh_ ... leading civil service and tariff reformer was Carl Schurz, _German_ ... iron puddler who became Secretary of Labor, James J. Davis, _Welsh_.

First governors: of Delaware, John McKinley; Georgia, John Houston; Illinois, John Boyle; Kansas, James Denver; Louisiana, Wm. Claiborne, _Irish_ or _Scotch-Irish_ ... present governor of New York, H. H. Lehman, _German Jew_; of Illinois, Henry Horner, _German Jew_ ... first governor general of Florida, Bouquet, _Swiss_ ... first president of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston, _Scot_.

Tammany Society, founded in 1789 by William Mooney, _Irish_, as protest against attempt of wealthy Tories to prevent soldiers and others from voting ... first Secretary of Treasury under Jefferson, responsible for arranging Louisiana Purchase, was Albert Gallatin, _Swiss_ ... first to fight for conservation of our forests was Carl Schurz, _German_.

_Philanthropy_

Astor Library, now part of New York Library, founded by John Jacob Astor, _German_, in 1848 ... 4,000 Negro schools founded by Julius Rosenwald, _German Jew_ ... Chautauqua movement begun by Lewis Miller, _German_ ... gifts during panic of the 90’s, penny meals during World War, foodships to Palestine, and Milk Fund by Nathan Straus, _Austrian Jew_ ... $42,000,000 gift to General Education Board by John D. Rockefeller, _German_.

Libraries founded throughout United States by Andrew Carnegie, _Scot_ ... funds raised to bring Statue of Liberty from France by Joseph Pulitzer, _Hungarian Jew_ ... appreciation of arts and literature stimulated by Edward Bok, _Netherlander_ ... Boy Scouts of America helped by Jacob and Mortimer Schiff, _German Jews_ ... $6,000,000 to Princeton University by H. C. Frick, _German_.

Colgate University founded by Wm. Colgate, _English_ ... $122,000 to Fisk University by James Burrus, _Negro_ ... foundations for opportunities to study abroad and to promote well-being of mankind established by Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, _Swiss Jews_.

_Champions of Human Liberty_

Protest against slavery by Pastorius, _German_ ... author of “Common Sense,” “The Crisis” and “Public Good” was Thomas Paine, _English_ ... powerful leaders against slavery were John Russworm, Benjamin Banneker, David Walker, Harriet Tubman, William Brown, William Still, Samuel Ward, Frederick Douglass, _Negroes_.

Peter Zenger, _German_, defended by Andrew Hamilton, _Scot_, registered great triumph for freedom of press when he won his fight against Governor Cosby of New York.

_National Defense_

Minutemen roused by Paul Revere, _Huguenot_ ... drill-master of Continental armies, who helped to plan West Point, was Frederick von Steuben, _German_ ... $600,000 advanced to Congress and subsidies negotiated from France and the Netherlands by Haym Solomon, _Polish Jew_ ... father of American cavalry was General Casimir Pulaski, _Pole_.

First to lose life in Revolutionary War was Chrispus Attucks, _Negro_ ... first commodore of Navy was John Barry, _Irish_ ... naval hero John Paul Jones, _Scot_ ... $5,000,000 contributed toward War of 1812 by Stephen Girard, _French_ ... famous privateer, who abolished corporal punishment in the Navy, was Uriah Levy, _Jew_ ... British defeated on Lake Erie by Captain Perry, _Scotch-Irish_.

_Labor_

First president of American Federation of Labor, who improved living standards of workers was Samuel Gompers, _English Jew_ ... leader of C. I. O., John L. Lewis, _Welsh_ ... organizer of coal miners, John Mitchell, _Welsh_ ... president of A. F. of L., William Green, _English-Welsh_ ... leader of Amalgamated Clothing Workers, Sidney Hillman, _Lithuanian Jew_.

_Religious Work_

Participating in Washington’s Inaugural was Rabbi Seixas, _Portuguese Jew_ ... one of our greatest clergymen, Jonathan Edwards, _Welsh_ ... leader in welfare and religious work, Huie Kin, _Chinese_ ... first Protestant missionary to West Indies was George Lisle, former _Negro_ slave ... professor of theology at Hartford Seminary, N. Y. Ananigian, _Armenian_ ... authority on early church history is Prof. La Plana, _Albanian_.

_Education_

First book on pedagogy published in 1770 by Christopher Dock, _German_ ... Harvard University named after John Harvard, _English_; Yale University by Elihu Yale, _Welsh_; William and Mary by James Blair, _Scot_; Brown University by Morgan Edwards and Samuel Jones, _Welsh_ ... New York University by Gallatin, _Swiss_ ... Tuskegee Institute by Booker Washington, _Negro_, world-famed educator ... Williams College by Ephraim Williams, _Welsh_ ... one of incorporators of Columbia University was Rabbi Seixas, _Portuguese Jew_ ... Hunter College by Thomas Hunter, _Irish_ ... Creighton University, Omaha, by Creighton brothers, _Irish_ ... Princeton University founded by _Scottish_ Presbyterians ... Barnard College founded by Annie Nathan Meyer, _German Jew_.

Infant school introduced in 1816, by Robert Owen, _Welsh_ ... first German kindergarten introduced in Wisconsin in 1855 by wife of Carl Schurz, _German_ ... a primer, first book produced in Pennsylvania, written by Franz Pastorius, _German_, headmaster of first school in Germantown ... College of Journalism at Columbia University founded by Joseph Pulitzer, _Hungarian Jew_ ... School of Mines founded by Adolph Lewisohn, _German Jew_ ... first English kindergarten founded in Boston in 1860 by Elizabeth Peabody, _English_ ... father of modern American education was Horace Mann, _English_.

World-famous orientalist P. K. Hitti, _Syrian_ ... one of foremost educators was Henry Suzallo, _Yugoslav_ ... Angelo Patri, _Italian_, counsels parents and children ... one of our greatest economists was Thorstein Veblen, _Norwegian_.

_Law and Order_

First Chief Justice of Supreme Court was John Jay, _French_ ... present Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, _Welsh_ ... one of foremost authorities on international law is Stephen Ladas, _Greek_.

* * * * *

_Finns_ work the iron-ore fields of northern Minnesota. ... _Netherlanders_ and _Poles_ developed wood-working trades of Michigan.... _Italians_, _Portuguese_, _Greeks_, and _Swiss_ have built up the grape and wine industry of California.... _Greek_ candy-makers.... _Mexicans_ and _Japanese_ in beet fields of Colorado, Nebraska, and California.... _Italians_, _Poles_, and _Slavs_ in meatpacking, textile, and building industries.

THE PROGRAMS AND THEIR PURPOSE

(_Continued from page 2_)

=10. The Germans.=—The Germans—Protestant, Catholic, and Jew—push frontiers westward, fashion the Kentucky rifle, build “Switzer” barn and Conestoga wagon, and develop agriculture, forestry, music, art, education, and science.

DUBOIS, R. and SCHWEPPE, E. (eds). _Germans in American Life._
Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York. 1936.

FAUST, A. B. _German Element in the United States._ (2 vols.)
Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 1927.

HARK, ANN. _Hex Marks the Spot._ J. B. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 1938.

=11. The Scandinavians.=—Swedes, Norwegians, and Finns settle North-Central States, introducing log cabins, co-operatives, progressive dairy methods, social consciousness, gymnastics, and folk high schools.

BENSON, ADOLPH B. and HEDIN, NABOTH (eds). _The Swedes in
America._ Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1938.

HAVIGHURST, WALTER. _Upper Mississippi: A Wilderness Saga._
Farrar and Rinehart, N. Y. 1937.

RÖLVAAG, O. E. _Giants in the Earth._ McClelland and Stewart,
Toronto, Canada. 1937.

=12. Closing Frontiers.=—When there is no more good free land to settle, immigrants crowd into our cities to supply demand for unskilled labor.

HOUGH, EMERSON. _The Passing of the Frontier._ Yale University
Press, New Haven, Conn. 1918.

PAXSON, F. J. _History of the American Frontier._ Houghton,
Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 1924.

=13. The Jews.=—Participating in American life since early colonial days, the Jews make significant contributions to science, industry, music, literature, theatre, law, medicine, and philanthropy.

BROWNE, LEWIS. _Stranger Than Fiction._ Macmillan Company, N.
Y. 1933.

DUBOIS, R. and SCHWEPPE E. (eds). _Jews in American Life._
Thomas Nelson and Sons, N. Y. 1935.

WALD, LILLIAN D. _The House on Henry Street._ Henry Holt and
Co., N. Y. 1915.

=14-15. The Slavs.=—The Slavs—northern and southern—succeed in making abandoned farms productive and work in our mines, steel mills, automobile factories, packing houses, and forests.

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _Laughing in the Jungle._ Harper and Brothers,
N. Y. 1932.

BALCH, EMILY G. _Our Slavic Fellow Citizens._ Charities
Publication Committee, N. Y. 1910.

MILLER, K. D. _Peasant Pioneers._ Council of Women for Home
Missions, N. Y. 1925.

=16. The Orientals.=—Chinese and Japanese bring artistic sensitivity of Far East. Chinese answer call of railroad, ranch, and factory. Japanese reclaim California swamps and develop farms.

HUNTER, ALLAN A. _Out of the Far East._ Friendship Press, N. Y.
1934.

PALMER, ALBERT W. _Orientals in American Life._ Friendship
Press, N. Y. 1934.

SUGIMOTO, ETSU. _A Daughter of the Samurai._ Doubleday, Page
Co., N. Y. 1927.

=17. The Italians.=—Early explorers and artisans come from Italy, help to build grape and wine industry, work in our marble quarries, raise vegetables, and help to build railroads, bridges, and highways.

D’ANGELO, PASCAL. _Sons of Italy._ Macmillan Company, N. Y.
1924.

FOERSTER, R. _The Italian Immigration of Our Times._ Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1919.

PANUNZIO, C. _The Soul of an Immigrant._ Macmillan Company, N.
Y. 1921.

SCHIARO, G. E. _Italians in America Before the Civil War._ Vigo
Press, N. Y. 1934.

=18. Near Eastern People.=—Armenians, Greeks, and Syrians bring philosophy, poetry, medical skill, manual skills, and unique artistic sense.

HITTI, P. K. _The Syrians in America._ Doubleday, Doran, and
Co., N. Y. 1924.

MALCOLM, M. VARTAN. _The Armenians in America._ The Pilgrim
Press, Boston, Mass. 1919.

XENIDES, J. P. _The Greeks in America._ Doubleday, Doran, and
Co., N. Y. 1922.

=19. Other Peoples.=—Hungarians, Roumanians, Portuguese, Bulgarians, Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians bring ideas, labor, fine traditions, and esthetic values.

DAVIE, MAURICE R. _World Immigration._ Macmillan Company, N. Y.
1936.

SEITZ, DON CARLOS. _Joseph Pulitzer._ Simon and Schuster, Inc.,
N. Y. 1924.

=20. Contributions in Industry.=—Each wave of immigration contributes brain and brawn to American life. Group cooperation makes the United States leader of world industry.

FELDMAN, H. _Racial Factors in American Industry._ Harper and
Brothers, N. Y. 1931.

KEIR, MALCOLM. _The Epic of Industry._ Yale University Press,
New Haven, Conn. 1926.

PUPIN, MICHAEL. _From Immigrant to Inventor._ Charles
Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1931.

=21. Contributions in Science.=—Our country is in the forefront of scientific progress, due to brilliance and inventive genius of individuals of diverse racial and national origins.

BURLINGAME, ROGER. _March of the Iron Men, a Social History of
Union Through Invention._ Charles Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1938.

DARROW, FLOYD L. _Masters of Science and Invention._ Harcourt,
Brace and Company, N. Y. 1937.

KAEMPFFERT, WALDEMAR B. _Modern Wonder Workers._ Blue Ribbon
Books, N. Y. 1931.

=22. Arts and Crafts.=—Cultural value of artistic gifts by immigrant groups since early colonial days is a priceless gift enriching the United States of today and tomorrow.

EATON, ALLEN H. _Immigrant Gifts to American Life._ Russell
Sage Foundation, N. Y. 1932.

LANGDON, WILLIAM C. _Everyday Things in American Life,
1607-1776._ Charles Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1937.

SMITH, SUSAN C. _Made in America._ Alfred Knopf, N. Y. 1929.

=23. Social Progress.=—Champions of human freedom, drawn from many groups, preserve and develop ideals for which the founding fathers fought and died.

WARE, LOUISE. _Jacob A. Riis: Police Reporter, Reformer, Useful
Citizen._ D. Appleton, Century Co., N. Y. 1938.

WOOFTER, T. J. _Races and Ethnic Groups in American Life._
McGraw-Hill Book Co., N. Y. 1933.

=24. A New England Town.=—The New England town, founded by early settlers, changes and develops as new groups participate and function in its life.

CHASE, MARY ELLEN. _A Goodly Heritage._ Henry Holt and Co., N.
Y. 1932.

=25. An Industrial City.=—A panorama of a rapidly expanding industrial city, peopled by groups drawn from many nations, who learn the American way of democratic life.

BRIDGES, H. J. _On Becoming an American._ Marshal Jones
Company, Inc., Boston, Mass. 1919.

LEISERSON, W. M. _Adjusting Immigrant and Industry._ Harper and
Brothers, N. Y. 1924.

=26. Grande Finale.=—In a thrilling climax, outstanding people of various cultural backgrounds, from different parts of our country, summarize the story of “Americans All—Immigrants all.”

BEARD, A. E. S. _Our Foreign-Born Citizens._ Thomas Y. Crowell
Co., N. Y. 1932.

THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Commissioner of Education, JOHN W. STUDEBAKER, _Administrator of the Programs_, invited the following to serve as Advisers:

LOUIS ADAMIC, _Author and Lecturer_.

EDITH TERRY BREMER, _Director, National Institute of Immigrant
Welfare_.

DR. ESTHER CAULKIN BRUNAUER, _Chairman, Committee on
International Relations_.

DR. EVERETT CLINCHY, _Director, National Conference of Jews and
Christians_.

DR. STEPHEN DUGGAN, _Director, Institute of International
Education_.

STERLING FISHER, _Director of Education and Talks, Columbia
Broadcasting System_.

JAMES L. HOUGHTELING, _Commissioner of Immigration and
Naturalization Service_.

H. V. KALTENBORN, _Commentator, Columbia Broadcasting System_.

READ LEWIS, _Foreign Language Information Service, Inc._

MARVIN LOWENTHAL, _Author and Lecturer_.

JAMES G. MCDONALD, _Chairman, President’s Advisory Committee on
Political Refugees_.

DR. JOY ELMER MORGAN, _Editor, Journal of the National
Education Association_.

DR. CARSON RYAN, _President, Progressive Education Association_.

DR. JAMES T. SHOTWELL, _Director, Division of Intercourse and
Education, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace_.

AVENIRE TOIGO, _Executive Secretary, Illinois Committee on
Citizenship and Naturalization_.

The Script Review Committee

JAMES L. HOUGHTELING, _Commissioner of Immigration and
Naturalization Service_.

CLIFFORD I. LORD, _Instructor, Department of History, Columbia
University_.

DR. HERBERT WRIGHT, HEAD, _Department of Government, Catholic
University_.

Books to Read and Sources of Other Materials

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _America and the Refugees._ Public Affairs
Committee, New York. 1932.

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _My America._ Harper and Brothers, Publishers,
New York. 1938.

BLANKENSHIP, RUSSELL. _American Literature as an Extension of
the National Mind._ Henry Holt and Company, New York. 1931.

BROWN, F. J., and ROUCEK, J. (eds.). _Our Racial and National
Minorities._ Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 1937.

BROWN, LAWRENCE C. _Immigration, Cultural Conflicts and Social
Adjustments._ Longmans, Green & Company, New York. 1933.

CLINCHY, EVERETT R. _All in the Name of God._ John Day Company,
New York. 1934.

CORSI, EDWARD. _In the Shadow of Liberty._ The Macmillan
Company, New York. 1935.

EATON, ALLEN. _Immigrant Gifts to American Life._ Russell Sage
Foundation, New York. 1933.

KLINEBERG, OTTO. _Race Differences._ Harper and Brothers,
Publishers, New York. 1935.

LASKER, BRUNO. _Race Attitudes in Children._ Henry Holt and
Company, New York. 1929.

OGG, F. A. _Builders of the Republic._ Yale University Press,
New Haven, Conn. 1927.

RADIN, PAUL. _The Racial Myth._ McGraw-Hill Book Company, New
York. 1934.

SEABROOK, WILLIAM. _These Foreigners._ Harcourt, Brace and
Company, New York. 1938.

SPICER, DOROTHY G. _Folk Festivals and the Foreign Community._
The Women’s Press, New York. 1923.

STEPHENSON, GEO. M. _A History of American Immigration,
1820-1924._ Ginn and Company, New York. 1926.

WOOFTER, T. J. _Races and Ethnic Groups in American Life._
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1933.

The following organizations and agencies have useful and interesting pamphlets, bulletins, and other materials:

SERVICE BUREAU FOR INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION, 106 Waverly Place,
New York.

The Service Bureau for Intercultural Education collects facts
about participation of various groups in American life, guides
projects in public schools, trains teachers and other community
leaders in the technique of intercultural education, and
conducts a guidance-by-mail department.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN, COMMITTEE ON
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 17th and Eye Streets, Washington, D. C.

AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, 361 Fourth Avenue, New York.

ASSOCIATES IN NEGRO FOLK EDUCATION, Box 636, Ben Franklin
Station, Washington, D. C. (Bronze Booklet Series.)

CARL SCHURZ MEMORIAL FOUNDATION, INC., 225 South 15th Street,
Philadelphia, Penna.

FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, DEPARTMENT OF RACE RELATIONS, 105
East 22nd Street, New York.

FOLK FESTIVAL COUNCIL, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE INFORMATION SERVICE, 222 Fourth Avenue, New
York.

FRENCH INFORMATION CENTER, 610 Fifth Avenue, New York.

INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS, 129 East 52nd Street, New York;
also, San Francisco Bay Region Committee, Claus Spreckels
Building, San Francisco, California.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, 69
Fifth Avenue, New York.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, 300 Fourth Avenue,
New York.

THE AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN FOUNDATION, 116 East 64th Street, New
York.

THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNION OF THE UNITED STATES, 30 Rockefeller
Plaza, New York.

THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION, 149 East 67th Street, New York.

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMIGRANT WELFARE, R.K.O. Building,
Rockefeller Center, New York.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

(_Continued from page 3_)

Many other persons and organizations added their encouragement and ideas to “Americans All—Immigrants All.” In November, 1935, when it was announced that the Office of Education was to inaugurate a plan of broadcasting, Dr. L. R. Alderman, Specialist in Adult Education, and for many years an ardent contributor to Americanization work, urged the use of radio as a medium for stimulating nation-wide appreciation of the “cultures of the melting pot”. Mr. W. D. Boutwell, Director of the radio project of the Office of Education, was active in developing program ideas and conferring with Miss Roberta Newell of the Radio Division of the New York City Board of Education, W.P.A. Adult Education Program, about plans and techniques used by Miss Newell in her radio series, “America Calling”, which was on the air in the Spring of 1937.

One of the most enthusiastic advocates and supporters of a comprehensive radio presentation of the immigrants’ contribution to American life is Mr. Avenire Toigo, Executive Secretary of the Illinois Committee on Citizenship and Naturalization. He came to Washington in November, 1937, to urge us to prepare and present a program, and later suggested the title “American Panorama”. Mr. Charles P. Schwartz, Chairman of the Illinois Committee on Citizenship and Naturalization, also made several visits to the Office, beginning in 1935, to assist and urge us to increase our efforts in Americanization work.

In the research, planning, experimenting with script mechanisms and production techniques, members of the Staff mentioned elsewhere in this booklet have given devotedly of their time and talents. The Columbia Broadcasting System and the W.P.A. have given indispensable assistance in producing the broadcasts. Acknowledgment is also made to authors and publishers whose books contributed to our thinking.

In preparing this booklet, valuable help was given by Dr. Alain Locke, Howard University, Washington, D. C., and by Mr. W. W. Husband, Washington, D. C., former Commissioner of Immigration.

J. W. STUDEBAKER,
_Commissioner of Education_.

* * * * *

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON

April 15, 1939

Dear Listener:

This booklet is presented in sincere appreciation of your interest in the AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL radio series.

I am deeply grateful for your patience in the face of delay in getting this booklet to you. When you read it, however, I feel you will be repaid, for no effort has been spared in making it worthy of being read and treasured as a permanent record of the AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL radio series.

Since the programs themselves could give you only a general panorama of the many colorful and significant contributions made by peoples of many races and lands to the building of our Nation, you will no doubt wish to be in a position to investigate for yourself some of the things which have impressed you as most interesting.

The suggested readings and sources for more material, given in the booklet and the special list should help you in doing this. If this Office can be of further service, please feel free to call upon us.

As an enthusiastic listener of AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL, you will no doubt be glad to learn that these radio programs have been perpetuated in the form of recordings which can be used on phonographs and on radio playback equipment. You may wish to give this news to teachers, club leaders, and others who would have a natural interest in promoting broader tolerance through understanding. You may also wish to put into their hands the inclosed reference list.

Thanking you again for your abiding interest, I am

Cordially yours,

J. W. Studebaker
Commissioner of Education.

* * * * *

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON

AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL

A suggested list of “Other Books to Read”

Andrews, Charles McLean: _Our Earliest Colonial Settlements_,
New York University Press, New York, 1933.

Baldwin, James: _The Story of Liberty_, American Book Co., New
York, 1919.

Beard, A. E. S.: _Our Foreign Born Citizens_, Thomas Y. Crowell
Co., New York, 1922.

Bowden, Witt: _The Industrial History of the United States_.
Adelphi Co., New York, 1930.

Boynton, Percy-Holmes: _Literature and American Life_, Ginn &
Co., Chicago, 1936.

Burgess, Thomas: _Greeks in America_, Sherman-French & Co.,
Boston, 1913.

Eberlein, Harold D. and McClure, Abbot: _The Practical Book
of Early American Arts and Crafts_, J. B. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia, 1916.

Fairchild, Henry Pratt: _Immigrant Backgrounds_, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1927.

Gabriel, R. H.: _The Lure of the Frontier_, Yale University
Press, New Haven, 1929.

Hicks, John D.: _The Federal Union_, Houghton Mifflin Co.,
Boston, 1937.

Johnson, James W.: _Along this Way_, The Viking Press, New
York, 1933.

Jones, H. M.: _America and French Culture_, University of North
Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1927.

Lebeson, Anita: _Jewish Pioneers in America_, Coward-McCann,
New York, 1921.

Mariano, John H.: _The Italian Contribution to American
Democracy_, Christopher Publishing House, New York, 1921.

Roberts, Peter: _The New Immigration_, The Macmillan Co., New
York, 1912.

Rose, Philip M.: _The Italians in America_, George H. Doran
Co., New York, 1922.

Sanchez, Nellie Van de Grift: _Spanish and Indian Place Names
of California_, A. M. Robertson, San Francisco, 1914.

Schrader, F. F.: _Germans in the Making of America_, The
Stratford Col., Boston, 1924.

Steinberg, Milton: _The Making of the Modern Jew_,
Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, 1934.

Wells, Louis Ray: _Industrial History of the United States_,
The Macmillan Co., New York, 1922.

In addition to the books listed on the other side of this page, attention is called to the following special pamphlets, which can be obtained by communicating with the Service Bureau for Intercultural Education.

_Adventures in Intercultural Education_, Manuals for teachers
from kindergarten to senior high schools.

_Armenian Cooking in the United States_, Foods and food customs
of the Armenians at home and in the United States.

_Czechoslovak Immigration_, A brief survey of the Czechs and
Slovaks in the United States: when they came, where they
settled, what they did.

_The Germans in American Life_, Rachel Davis-DuBois and Emma
Schweppe (editors), Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York, 1956. A
survey of the part the Germans have played in American life.

_Irish Immigration_, The various migrations of Irish to the
United States.

_Italian Immigration_, A brief survey of the Italians in
Colonial America, and since.

_The Jews in American Life_, Rachel Davis-DuBois and Emma
Schweppe (editors), Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York, 1936. A
survey of Jewish participation in American life and culture.

_The Negro Contribution to Folk Music in America_, Negro
spirituals; origin, history, characteristics; and some of the
musicians who have helped in their preservation.

_Orientals in Science and Invention_, A survey of some of the
outstanding scientific contributions of China and Japan.

_Poles in American Agricultural Life_, Poles as successful
American Farmers, in the reclamation of abandoned land and in
the onion and tobacco industries.

_Scandinavian Cooking in Scandinavia and the United States_,
Foods and food customs of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and
their influence in the United States.

_Scottish Immigration_, The Scots in the development of the
American colonies.

_Scotch-Irish Immigration_, The Scotch-Irish migration to the
American Colonies.

_Welsh Immigration_, A brief survey of the Welsh in the
development of the United States.

_Also_:

Bibliographies, recipes and special publications representing the British, Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Scandinavian, Yugoslav and other groups.

The SERVICE BUREAU FOR INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION, which collaborated with the Office of Education in presenting the “Americans All—Immigrants All” radio series, is prepared to consult with teachers and group leaders regarding their problems in promoting intercultural understanding. Address: 106 Waverly Place, New York, N. Y.