Chapter XXVI: Appendix: Table LV (3)

Petitioners:
Naturalization
Married, 247, 304
Statistics on, 225-254, 429-434
Types, 289-291

Petitions:
Naturalization
Compared with declaration of intention, 218-224
Examination of, 225-254
Filed, 201

Philadelphia:
Naturalization division, 89

Piggott, F. I., 47

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
Naturalization division, 89

Pleydell, A. C., 374

Polish:
Vote in Cleveland, 358

Political:
Admission, 1
Americanization, 37-39
Clubs, 33-37
Corruption, 2, 24-25, 341-345
Frauds, 29
Immigrant influence, 339-340
Indifference, 320
Interest
In England, 24
Issue, 23
Participation
Immigrants, 2-3, 21-25, 296-334, 335-376
Parties, 21-25, 31, 354, 377, 380-391, 393
Rights, 5

Political society:
Roots of, 42-43

Politicians:
Interest in humanity, 33-35
Interest in immigrants, 31-33
Labor vote, 335

Population:
Foreign born, 2
Grand Rapids, Michigan, 367
Increase, 5

Port Huron, Michigan:
Women registered, 368

Portland, Oregon:
Naturalization courts, 227
Study, 227-254

Porto Ricans:
Naturalization, 94

Portuguese:
Immigrants, 198
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45
Naturalization treaties, 56

Presidents of United States:
Naturalization discussion, 77-80

Progressive, 354

Publications:
English
_Better Times_, 422
_Outlook_, 345
_Popular Science_, 348
German, 388
Socialist
Appeal to Reason, 381
Foreign language, 381
Milwaukee _Leader_, 380
_National Rip-Saw_, 381
New York _Call_, 380

Purdy, Milton D., 81

R

Race:
Comparison
Old and new, 204-217
Distribution
By age at arrival, 244-247
By citizenship, 228-232
By denials, 223-236
Interval comparisons, 236-241, 243
Naturalization restrictions, 92-96, 264-265

Radicalism:
Movement
Foreign born, 377-409

Registration (War), 267-273

Republican:
German, 24-25

Residence:
Factor
Earning power, 215-217
Naturalization, 124-126, 126-135, 208-214
Stability, 247-250

Rhode Island:
Naturalization denials, 126

Ripley, George, 379

Robinson, Helen Ring, 326

Rochester, New York:
Naturalization court, 227
Study, 227-254

Rome:
Classification of alien, 4

Romen, A., 59

Roosevelt, Theodore, viii, 80

Ross, Edward A., 212

Rumanian:
Immigrants, 197
Jus Sanguinis, 44

Russians:
Expatriation rights, 54
Immigrants, 19-20, 197, 231
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45
Vote in New York City, 352-353

S

St. Louis, Missouri:
Naturalization division offices, 89, 107

St. Paul, Minnesota:
Naturalization division, offices, 89

Saginaw, Michigan:
Women registrants, 368

Sailors:
Naturalization, 77, 228

Salvador:
Naturalization treaties, 56

San Francisco, California:
Naturalization division offices, 89

Scandinavian:
Immigrants, 197, 205
Socialist, 384

Schools, Public:
Citizenship enrollment, 321-323
Factor in reaching women, 328-329
Relation with Bureau of Naturalization, 204

Scotch:
Naturalized, 206

Seattle, Washington:
Naturalization, 227
Court Study, 227-254
Division, 89

Serbian:
Jus Sanguinis, 44
Right to renounce citizenship, 55

Seward, William H., 25

Sex:
Citizenship relation, 62-63

Single Tax, 377, 393

Skidmore, Thomas, 379

Slavs:
Socialist, 384

Slovaks:
Socialist, 384

Socialism:
Definition, 379-380
History, 401-402
Influence, German, 387-390
Influence, Jewish, 390-391
Members, 381-382
Press, 380-381
Racial composites, 383-385
Vote, 385-387
War effects, 391-393
Work with labor, 402

Social workers, 195

Soldiers:
Alien, 257
Naturalization of, 5, 217

South Carolina:
Naturalization denials, 126
Naturalization laws, 70

South Dakota:
Immigrants (Unnaturalized)
Political privilege, 5, 217

Sovereigns of industry, 402

Spanish:
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45

Speek, Peter A., 395

Stokes, Elizabeth King, xxiv

Sturges, Merton A., 422-425

Suffrage:
Alien, 5, 217-218
Rights
In American colonies, 73
Women, 303-304, 314-315

Swedish:
Immigrants, 19, 25
Naturalization, 205-206
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45
Naturalization treaties, 56

Switzerland:
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45
Right to renounce citizenship, 55

Syria:
Naturalization of, 205

T

Taylor, Graham, 371

Texas:
Immigrants
Political privileges, 5, 217

Thiesing, I. H., 59

Thompson, F. B., 193

Traverse City, Michigan:
Women registered, 368

Troy, New York:
Naturalization court, 227
Study, 227-254

Turkey:
Expatriation rights
Denial, 54
Jus Sanguinis, 45
Jus Solis, 45

U

United States Census, 288

United States Department of War:
Report of, 256, 267-269, 271-276, 278-280, 282, 285

United States Immigration Commission, 207-209, 211, 215-216, 220

Uruguay:
Naturalization treaties, 55

Utah:
Naturalization denials, 126

V

Van Buren, Martin, 70

Van Deusen, A. C., 81

Vermont:
Naturalization denials, 126

Virginia:
Naturalization laws, 71-73

Voll, John A., viii

Votes:
Foreign born, 33
Action of, 335-376
Derivative, 302, 317-318
Influence on politics, 2
Socialist, 385-387

W

Warne, Frank J., 18, 19, 20

Wars:
Civil, 15, 20, 76
Mexican, 16
Revolutionary, 15
Spanish, 16, 92
World, 6, 13, 14, 16, 32, 40, 61, 68, 177, 195, 227, 255, 299,
354, 384, 391-393
1812, 15, 57, 76

Washington, D. C.:
Naturalization division, 89

Washington, George, 73

Waterman, T. T., xxiii

Weatherly, Ulysses G., 11, 13, 286

Weiss, Andrew, 47

Welsh:
Naturalized, 206

Whitehouse, Visa Boardman, 325

White Plains, New York:
Naturalization court, 227
Study, 227-254

Williams, Talcott, viii

Wilson, William B., 183

Wisconsin:
Comparison of declaration to petitions, 223
Naturalization denial, 126

Wise, I. M., 375

Witness:
Deposition, 133-135
Incompetent, 126-133

Women:
Citizenship, 62-63
Foreign born
In politics, 296-334
Registered in Michigan, 368
Without country, 38, 63, 64

Worcester, Massachusetts:
Naturalization court, 227
Study, 227-254

Working Men’s Party, 402

THE END

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Edwin M. Borchard, _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, p. 33 _et seq._

[2] Letters from Attorneys-General of Arkansas and Missouri, as late as October, 1921, state that no change has been made. The Attorney-General of Alabama points out that a careful reading of the state constitution “discloses that only foreigners who had declared their intention of becoming citizens prior to the adoption of the constitution of 1901 were entitled to register and vote, and that such person lost this right if he did not become a citizen at the time that he was entitled to become such under the laws of the United States.”

[3] This is subject, of course, to the universal exceptions regarding alien enemies in time of war; also to such other exceptions as special statutes in certain states regarding the holding of real property and other matters.

[4] See Kate Holladay Claghorn, _The Immigrant’s Day in Court_ (_in preparation_).

[5] John Graham Brooks, _As Others See Us_, 1909.

[6] _Proceedings of the American Sociological Society_, vol. v, p. 57, etc., paper on “The Racial Element in Social Assimilation.”

[7] See report of Commissioner-General of Immigration, 1920.

[8] Gustavus Myers, _History of Tammany Hall_, p. 128 _et seq._

[9] Gustavus Myers, _History of Tammany Hall_, p. 118.

[10] John I. Davenport, _The Wig and the Jimmy_, pp. 12-13.

[11] John I. Davenport, _The Wig and the Jimmy_, pp. 17-18.

[12] William Bennet Munro, _Government of American Cities_, Macmillan, 1912, p. 167 _et seq._

[13] These activities are well summarized by John Daniels in his Americanization Study volume entitled _America via the Neighborhood_, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1920, p. 383 _et seq._

[14] Joshua vi, vii.

[15] Joshua vii: 24, 25.

[16] F. T. Piggott, _Nationality_, London, 1906, and E. M. Borchard, _Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, New York, 1916.

[17] United States _vs._ Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., 649.

[18] Fourteenth Amendment--1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

[19] Cockburn, _Nationality_, p. 7.

[20] See Murray _vs._ The Charming Betsey, 2 Cranch, 64; Inglis _vs._ Sailors’ Snug Harbor, 3 Pet, 99; M‘Creery _vs._ Somerville, 9 Wheat, 354; see also Instruction of Marcy, Secretary of State, to Mason (1854), quoted in _Moor’s Digest of International Law_, iii, p. 276.

[21] Revised Statutes, sec. 1993. See House Document 326, Fifty-ninth Congress, Second Session.

[22] See discussion of this question by Borchard--_The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, p. 583 _et seq._, and footnotes.

[23] See Department of State, Circular notice, January 9, 1914.

[24] In former times, even the American-born child of parents of Turkish birth has gone to that country at his peril. This was under the old conditions; what the postwar reconstruction will effect in this regard remains to be seen.

[25] See Hall, _International Law_, 7th ed., p. 247.

[26] See Hall, _International Law_, p. 246.

[27] These treaties may be found in Malloy’s _Treaties_, 1910-13; also see Edwin M. Borchard, _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, p. 548 _et seq._

[28] Edwin M. Borchard, _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, p. 549.

[29] Hall, _International Law_, 7th ed., p. 241.

[30] See _Dr. jur. A Romen, Reichs und Staatsangehorigkeitsgesetz, Güttentag Sammlung_, No. 111.

[31] A notable discussion of the Delbrück Law is to be found in an article by T. H. Thiesing, “Dual Allegiance in the German Law of Nationality and American Citizenship.” _Yale Review_, 27:4 (February, 1919). See also R. Flournoy in _American Journal of International Law_, 8:480 (July, 1914), and the _Meyer Reichs-und-Staatsangehorigkeitsgesetz vom 22 Juli, 1913_. Berlin, 1913, p. 168-E.; also Edwin M. Borchard, _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, p. 576; also Hall, _International Law_, revision by A. Pearce Higgins, pp. 245-246.

[32] The status of declarants in this and other relationships is fully discussed by Edwin M. Borchard, in _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, pp. 501 _et seq._ and 568 _et seq._, with elaborate footnotes citing authorities and precedents.

[33] See Edwin M. Borchard, _The Diplomatic Protection of Citizens Abroad_, pp. 19, 591.

[34] See chap. vi, p. 148 _et seq._

[35] 21 Wallace, 162.

[36] Butchers’ Benevolent Association _vs._ Crescent City Live Stock Company, 16 Wallace, 36.

[37] McClain, _Constitutional Law in the United States_, p. 276.

[38] See Willoughby on the Constitution, i, p. 272.

[39] See _in re_ Wehlitz, 16 Wisconsin, 443.

[40] United States _vs._ Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 542.

[41] This exception is said to have been included principally to allow eligibility to Alexander Hamilton, who was born in the West Indies, under the British flag.

[42] 13 George II, chap. 7--Ruffhead’s _Statutes-at-Large_, vi, p. 384.

[43] See Channing’s _History of the United States_, vol. ii, pp. 413-416; also A. H. Carpenter, “Naturalization in England and the Colonies,” _American Historical Review_, vol. ix, p. 288.

[44] _Constitution of the United States_, art. i, sec. 8, 4.

[45] _United States Statutes-at-Large_, vol. i, pp. 103-104.

[46] _United States Statutes-at-Large_, vol. i, pp. 414-441.

[47] _United States Statutes-at-Large_, vol. ii, pp. 153-155.

[48] _United States Statutes-at-Large_, vol. ii, pp. 292-293.

[49] _Ibid._, p. 811.

[50] _Ibid._, vol. iii, p. 53.

[51] _Ibid._, vol. iii, p. 259.

[52] _Ibid._, vol. iv, p. 69.

[53] _Ibid._, vol. iv, p. 310.

[54] _Ibid._, vol. ix, p. 240.

[55] _United States Statutes-at-Large_, vol. xii, p. 597.

[56] _Ibid._, vol. xix, p. 2.

[57] _Ibid._, vol. xvii, p. 268, and vol. xxviii, p. 124.

[58] _Ibid._, vol. xxxii, pt. 1, p. 1222.

[59] Extracts from this report may be found in the _Report of the President’s Commission on Naturalization_, Fifty-ninth Congress, First Session, House Document 46.

[60] The report of this commission is available as House Document 46, Fifty-ninth Congress, First Session.

[61] With the creation of the Department of Labor, in 1913, out of the former Department of Commerce and Labor--Commerce becoming a separate department--the Naturalization Service became a Bureau of that department, headed by a Commissioner responsible to the Secretary of Labor.

[62] Act of June 29, 1906 (34 _United States Statutes-at-Large_, pt. i, p. 596), as amended by Act of March 4, 1909 (35 _Stat._, pt. i, p. 1102), as further amended by Act of June 25, 1910 (36 _Stat._, pt. i, p. 830), as further amended by Act of March 4, 1913 (37 _Stat._, pt. i, p. 736), as further amended by Act of May 9, 1918 (Public No. 144, Sixty-fifth Congress, Second Session).

[63] The Oath of Allegiance usually imposed in these proceedings reads as follows:

_I hereby declare on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce
and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince,
potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly to [name of
sovereign of country] of whom I have heretofore been a subject;
that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the
United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic,
and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same._

[64] The division offices are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis, St. Paul, Denver, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D. C., the last named being a division field headquarters, with a chief examiner in charge, as well as the site of the general headquarters of the Naturalization Bureau itself.

[65] That is to say, has been extant for at least two years, and, presumably, whether it has not expired by reason of having been extant for more than seven years--in which event it would be invalid by expiration.

[66] See Van Dyne, _Naturalization_, pp. 42-50; Moore, _Digest of International Law_, vol. iii, p. 329.

[67] _In re_ Lopez, unreported; Supreme Court, District of Columbia, December 13, 1915. _In re_ Fernandez, unreported; same court, September 24, 1913.

[68] See chapter ix, on Military Naturalization.

[69] See p. 237, this volume.

[70] Compiled from the reports of the Commissioner of Immigration.

[71] District Court for Washington County, Colorado: _In re_ William Wallace Mackey (1914). Unreported.

[72] _In re_ Friedl, 202 Fed., 300.

[73] By July 1, 1919, this total number of declarations unexamined had grown to 1,011,676. (See _Commissioner’s Annual Report_ for fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, p. 25.)

[74] See bill (H. R. 9949) of Representative Johnson of Washington, Sixty-sixth Congress, First Session. October 15, 1919.

[75] _Report of Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1917, p. 75.

[76] Mexico appears to be the only other country in which any such preliminary declaration and extended period of probation is required.

[77] _In re_ Boovris, 205 Fed., 401.

[78] _In re_ William Phillips (1913), Court of Common Pleas for Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. Unreported.

[79] See _ex parte_ Sauer, in note to 81 Fed., 355 (District Court, Uvalde County, Texas, 1891). See also United States _vs._ Olsen 196 Fed., 562.

[80] These efforts of the Bureau to augment its scope and authority are discussed in this volume, p. 180 _et seq._

[81] See H. R. 9949, introduced by Mr. Johnson of Washington, Sixty-sixth Congress, First Session.

[82] United States _vs._ Gerstein.

[83] Art. I, sec. 8, par. 4.

[84] See _Report of the President’s Commission on Naturalization_, 1905, Fifty-first Congress, First Session, House Document 46.

[85] The words “approximately” and “entitled” are appropriate here, because by no means all of the judges empowered to naturalize exercise the function, and the list is constantly changing by reason of death, retirement, readjustment of work in large courts, etc.

[86] See United States _vs._ Hill, 120 U. S., 169; Hill _vs._ United States, 40 Fed., 441; United States _vs._ McMillan, 165 U. S., 504; _in re_ Halladjian, 174 Fed., 834.

[87] The text here quoted is from the law as it now stands; it differs very slightly in verbiage, but not in meaning, from the law as it read when quoted in the New York Immigration Commission’s report.

[88] _Report of the Commissioner_ for fiscal year ending June 30, 1916.

[89] _Report of the Commissioner_ for fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, p. 33.

[90] Compare S. 4792, July 2, 1918, and S. 5001, October 21, 1918, Senate bills, Sixty-fifth Congress, Second Session.

[91] The Secretary’s letter is given in full in the _Annual Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_ for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918--though it bears a date more than two months later than that of the report itself.

[92] Sixty-sixth Congress, First Session, H. R. 6176; Calendar No. 43 (Senate), Report No. 52, June 23, 1919.--Calendar Day, June 26, p. 179.

[93] H. R. 9949 (Committee print); Sixty-sixth Congress, First Session, October 15, 1919.

[94] _Report of Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1917, p. 27.

[95] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1918-19, pp. 30-31.

[96] That was the year (1918-19) of the emergency appropriation of $400,000, referred to heretofore in this chapter, p. 181, for dealing with persons technically alien enemies, but nevertheless individually loyal, which was used for the establishment of a new and hoped-to-be-permanent division in the Bureau, under a “Director of Citizenship.”

[97] See F. V. Thompson, _Schooling of the Immigrant_.

[98] Chap. viii, p. 225 _et seq._

[99] _Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration_, 1919, p. 24.

[100] _Ibid._, p. 25.

[101] Grace Abbott, _The Immigrant and the Community_, 1917, pp. 248-249.

[102] Chap. viii, p. 236 _et seq._

[103] _Abstracts_, vol. i, p. 485.

[104] See Table VIII in this volume, p. 207.

[105] Edward A. Ross, _The Old World and the New_, 1914.

[106] John B. Clark, _A Documentary History of American Industrial Society_, 1910, vol. i, p. 52.

[107] John R. Commons, _Races and Immigrants in America_, 1907, pp. 191-192.

[108] Edward A. Ross, _The Old World and the New_, 1914, p. 266.

[109] See Table X, p. 211.

[110] _Report of Immigration Commission_, vol. i, p. 488.

[111] Compiled from _Report of the Immigration Commission_, vol. i, pp. 379, 385, 397.

[112] Since that time, however, all, except Arkansas and Missouri, either have entirely withdrawn the privilege by constitutional amendment or statute, or are in process of withdrawing it.

[113] Compiled from _Reports of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1908-1918.

[114] See p. 109.

[115] See p. 231.

[116] See chap. v, p. 108.

[117] See chap. ix, p. 255, _et seq._

[118] The full tables regarding marital condition and number and nativity of children will be found (Tables LVI and LVII, respectively) in the Appendix.

[119] New York (boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Queens), Cleveland, Cincinnati, Bridgeport, Paterson, Portland (Oregon), and Rochester (New York).

[120] _Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1917, p. 21.

[121] _Ibid._, p. 53, Table 26.

[122] _Annual Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, June 30, 1918, pp. 3, 31.

[123] _Annual Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, June 30, 1918, pp. 30-31.

[124] _Annual Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, June 30, 1918, p. 33.

[125] Section 2, Act of August 1, 1894 (_United States Statutes-at-Large_, 216).

[126] Section 12, Act of March 2, 1899 (30 _United States Statutes-at-Large_, 979).

[127] Speech of Jacob E. Meeker, M.C., of Missouri, July 12, 1918. Reprint from _Congressional Record_; Government Printing Office, 1918.

[128] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War_, 1918, p. 89.

[129] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War_, on the Operations of the Selective Service System to December 20, 1918, p. 88.

[130] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 95

[131] A complete and current index of declarants in the Naturalization Bureau at Washington would have made this a simple matter--but such an index never was up-to-date, and even the attempt to keep it at all was abandoned altogether in 1915-16, as the Commissioner acknowledged in his report for that year.

[132] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 96.

[133] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 102, Table 30.

[134] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918. p. 102.

[135] _Ibid._, pp. 104, 105.

[136] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, pp. 101, 102.

[137] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War_, on the Operations of the Selective Service System to December 20, 1918. pp. 96-97.

[138] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 107.

[139] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 102.

[140] Scott Nearing in New York _Call_, April 24, 1919.

[141] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 206; Appendix table 77-A, p. 462.

[142] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 206, Table 77.

[143] _Second Report of the Provost Marshal General_, 1918, p. 86.

[144] _Ibid._

[145] _Report of the Commissioner of Immigration_, 1917, p. 1.

[146] _Proceedings of the American Sociological Society_, 1910, vol. v., p. 57 _et seq._

[147] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1919, pp. 21, 22.

[148] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1919, p. 37.

[149] See chap. iii on Citizenship, p. 40 _et seq._

[150] This was accomplished by the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The Fifteenth Amendment, proclaimed in 1870, already prohibited exclusion on the ground of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

[151] This aspect of the matter is admirably discussed by Miss S. P. Breckenridge in _New Homes for Old_, Chapter VI, on “Care of the Children,” especially pp. 153 _et seq._, Americanization Studies, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1921.

[152] See chap. ix, p. 255 _et seq._

[153] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1919, p. 16.

[154] _Ibid._, 1918, p. 28.

[155] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1918, p. 28.

[156] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1916, p. 46.

[157] _Report of the Commissioner of Naturalization_, 1919, p. 73.

[158] Quoted in “The Immigrant Woman and the Vote,” by Vira Boardman Whitehouse, in _The Immigrants in America Review_, September, 1915.

[159] _Ibid._

[160] Quoted in “The Immigrant Woman and the Vote,” by Vira Boardman Whitehouse, in _The Immigrants in America Review_, September, 1915.

[161] See Table XLV, and accompanying comment, in this volume, p. 362 _et seq._

[162] See Appendix Tables of Occupations, Tables LXIII and LXIV.

[163] See chap. ix, on “The Foreign-born Woman in Politics,” p. 296 _et seq._

[164] McMaster, _History of the People of the United States_, 7:370--cited in Warne’s _The Tide of Immigration_, p. 242.

[165] Moisei Ikovlevitch Ostrogorski, _La Démocratie et l’organisation des partis politiques_, Paris, 1903, vol. ii, pp. 94-95. Translated into English by Frederick Clarke, with preface by James Bryce.

[166] Moisei Ikovlevitch Ostrogorski, _La Démocratie et l’organisation des partis politiques_, vol. ii, p. 345. See also “The Alarming Proportion of Venal Voters,” by J. J. McCook, _The Forum_, vol. xv; “The Sale of Votes,” by J. B. Harrison, _The Century_, vol. xlvii; and “Money in Practical Politics,” by J. W. Jenks, _ibid._, October, 1892.

[167] The _Outlook_, New York, January 14, 1911, vol. xcvii, p. 42.

[168] William S. Bennet, address, “The Effect of Immigration upon Municipal Politics,” before Conference for Good City Government, and Fifteenth Annual Meeting of National Municipal League, in conjunction with American Civic Association, at Cincinnati, November 15-18, 1909. See _Proceedings of National Municipal League_, 1909, p. 142 _et seq._

[169] _Popular Science Monthly_, New York, October, 1914, vol. lxxxv, pp. 397-403.

[170] William S. Bennet, address, “The Effect of Immigration upon Municipal Politics,” before Conference for Good City Government, and Fifteenth Annual Meeting of National Municipal League, in conjunction with American Civic Association, at Cincinnati, November 15-18, 1909. See _Proceedings of National Municipal League_, 1909, p. 142 _et seq._

[171] The spirit and methods of the Grand Rapids Americanization Society are described in chap. x, p. 330 _et seq._, in this volume.

[172] William Bennett Munro, _The Government of American Cities_, Macmillan, 1912, pp. 36-37.

[173] _American Labor Year Book_, 1916, p. 133.

[174] Peter A. Speek, _Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin_, No. 878, 1917, p. 129.

[175] John M. Gillette, _The Survey_, March 1, 1919.

[176] Paul Frederick Brissenden, Ph.D., _The I. W. W., a Study of American Syndicalism_, Columbia University, 1919.

[177] _Congressional Record_, June 2, 1906.

[178] See Appendix, Tables LIX and LX, Analysis of Denials, pp. 433-435.

[179] In an article in _Better Times_, organ of the United Neighborhood Houses of New York City.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Some Tables were in the middle of a paragraph; these have been
moved to the end of that paragraph or a nearby paragraph.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained: for example,
vanishment; assimilable; vicinage; disfranchise; arrearage; eachness;
ancestorial; demarkation; undotted; upspringing; protestors.

Pg 25: ‘including pol tics’ replaced by ‘including politics’.
Pg 64: ‘Happerstett’ replaced by ‘Happersett’.
Pg 93: ‘of any Asiastic’ replaced by ‘of any Asiatic’.
Pg 187: the blank line (thought break) before ‘Commissioner
Campbell ... ’ has been removed.
Pg 229: Table XVI: the Note numbering order has been changed from
{3},{1},{2} to {1},{2},{3}.
Pg 245: Diagram 2 caption: notation ‘((filled with / character))’
inserted.
Pg 414: ‘convinec the court’ replaced by ‘convince the court’.
Pg 435: Table LX, row ‘All countries’: ‘033’ replaced by ‘3,033’.
Pg 446: Table LXVI, heading: ‘BRICK AND’ replaced by ‘BRICK &’.

Index. Cases: ‘Friedd’ replaced by ‘Friedl’.
Index. Cases: ‘Lapiz’ replaced by ‘Lopez’.
Index. Cases: ‘Happerstadt’ replaced by ‘Happersett’.
Index. Cases: ‘Lagtry’ replaced by ‘Langtry’.
Index. Cases: ‘Mackay’ replaced by ‘Mackey’.
Index. Cases: ‘Mulcreay’ replaced by ‘Mulcrevy’.
Index. Claghorn: ‘Holliday’ replaced by ‘Holladay’.
Index: ‘Filipines’ replaced by ‘Filipinos’.
Index: ‘Flourroy’ replaced by ‘Flournoy’.
Index: ‘Robenson, Helen Ring, 306’ replaced by
‘Robinson, Helen Ring, 326’.
Index: ‘Roumanian’ replaced by ‘Rumanian’.

End of Project Gutenberg's Americans by Choice, by John Palmer Gavit