Chapter XII: Part 12

A very dangerous insurrection of the 8th West India regiment in the island of Dominica, marked by circumstances of the most shocking barbarity, was checked in its immediate effects, in part, by his firm countenance. It fortunately occurred, when those murderous revolters first shewed their spirit, that his Majesty's ship Magnificent was at anchor in Prince Rupert's Bay. Some shot, from the Lower Cabareta, which went over her, was the first symptom of mutiny on the shore, and it was soon confirmed by intelligence that the Blacks had risen in arms, and had assassinated a number of their Officers. Captain Gifford tendered his services to the President of the island, who, conceiving it only the prelude to a general commotion, gladly accepted the offer. Lieutenant O. Neale volunteered the duty of disembarkation, and he felt it a difficult task to restrain the ardor of the whole party of Marines, to follow him. But his number was confined to 2 Serjeants, 2 Corporals, and 36 Privates, with which he put off from the ship just at dawn on the morning of the 10th of April. Observing the rebels advancing rapidly to the beach, he anticipated their object, quickly effected a landing, and took post on a hill, after the exchange of some scattering shots. Opposed to nearly 500 Blacks, whom he kept at bay during the day, reinforcements became necessary, and he was farther strengthened by two successive detachments of Marines under Lieutenants Lambert and Hawkins. Upon this rising ground, those brave fellows, not exceeding 66, gave refuge to many Officers who flew from the ferocious hands of the mutineers. They were afterwards joined by some Colonial Militia, who were little calculated, from the mixed nature of their arms, to oppose a resolute enemy. The dispositions of Lieutenant Lambert through the night, aided by the counsels of Mr. O. Neale, were like a good Officer. The native troops gave way to slumber. His outposts were, therefore, confided to his faithful companions, and all his energies were derived from his own brethren. Incessant rains had nearly rendered useless all their ammunition.

On the following day the Marines were ordered to Grand Ance, in order to protect the inhabitants, and through that night were posted in the swamps to prevent the escape of the Blacks from Fort Shirley. Many of our men had been 56 hours on shore amidst the greatest privations; having had nothing to eat but raw salt beef and biscuit. The stagnated smell from their position, pointed out the necessity of obtaining some other refreshment to recruit nature, and to avert disease. A Marine of the party, overhearing the discussion amongst his Officers, nobly said, "I will go to the village and bring them--I know I must go and repass the enemy's fire, but my life is not mine, it is at the constant command of his Majesty's service." He accordingly performed his duty, and escaped unhurt.

Bread was distributed, and brandy administered, in scanty portions, through the night, by the Officers, who exhorted the men to keep up their spirits. The feelings of the brave are ever reciprocal in acts of kindness. One and all they exclaimed "We wish to add another laurel to our corps, we will follow you where ever you go." The mud collected by the rains, had, in the course of marching, deprived many of their shoes, which could not be remedied but from the ship. Frequent flags of truce had passed between General Johnstone and the fort. Mr. Roberts, an Officer of Engineers, requested to storm it, if the mutineers would not surrender the barrier, providing the Marines accompanied him, who, to a man, volunteered, saying, "We don't mind shoes, we can fight without them." The Governor applauded their gallant zeal, and assured them of a preference, if their services should be wanted.

The Marines united with detachments from the Royal Scotch, and 68th Regiments, marched into the fort upon the 12th, and drew up in front of the Black Corps, which presented arms to the troops; having three of their own Officers, as prisoners, placed between their colours. General Johnstone was obeyed by them in his orders to shoulder, order, and ground their arms; but on being commanded to step three paces in front, the cry was "No," they instantly resumed them and fired a volley: this was returned, and was followed up with a charge of bayonets, which broke their ranks, and dispersed the mutineers in every direction. The greater part fled up the Outer Cabaret, keeping up a fire until they reached the rocks, down which many precipitated themselves, and those who could afterwards crawl from the bottom were exposed to a discharge of grape and cannister from the Magnificent.

John Budd, private Marine, distinguished himself most signally during the pursuit. He was attacked singly by four black grenadiers, one of whom he killed with his first fire, wounded another, when coolly awaiting a return from the other two, reloaded his musquet, with which he shot a third, and bayoneted the fourth. Afterwards turning to him who was wounded, he closed his destinies, and throwing the remains of the whole over the rocks finished his exploit by saying "This is the way I shall serve all traitors." The conduct of John Lamswood, and Alexander Livingstone is also worthy of notice; both were severely wounded, but they persevered in their duty until the loss of blood, brought them to the ground. The former received a ball in his mouth, which lodging in his throat, was afterwards extracted by an able operation of Mr. Veitch, Surgeon of the Saturn. I am authorized likewise to detail the name of John Batt, private, whose alacrity, during these arduous services, cheered his associates. As my scope is limited, I would not detract from the merits of these corps, with which mine was united. Theirs were such as to maintain their long established reputation. Upon their return to Martinique, the whole detachment met a mark of public recompence in those necessaries which they had expended, and the Officers received the thanks of General Johnstone, and of the Presidency of Dominique, which they had probably saved from general revolt.

I wish I could close the year with a more gratifying topic than that of insubordination, which first shewed its lurking spirit in the Mediterranean, by the most daring acts. It broke out on board the Gibraltar, whose crew chose to decide the propriety of fulfilling or disobeying the orders for their future destination. Attempts of violence were opposed by the noblest firmness in Captain Johnstone and his gallant party on board, by whose spirited and prompt exertions, with those of the Officers, good order was restored, the flame stifled from spreading farther, and the services of a brave squadron preserved to their Country at a momentous crisis.

Two of the ringleaders suffered death; upon whose trials the distinguished merits of the Marine detachment were apparent to the Court, who gave testimony of their gratitude by inserting them upon their records. The following communication bespoke, in suitable terms, the very high sense which the Commander in Chief entertained of their meritorious conduct, which was read throughout his fleet.

"Kent, Oristagni Bay, 4th November, 1802.

"Memorandum--Whereas it appears in the minutes of the late Court Martial, on the mutineers of the Gibraltar, that the detachment of Marines, serving on board that ship, bore no part in the disgraceful proceedings of the 6th of October last, but much to the credit of the Officers and themselves, maintained the character of the loyal and respectable corps to which they belong, by a steady adherance to their duty. The Rear Admiral takes this public method of expressing his approbation of their good and soldier like conduct, and requests Captain Johnstone to accept his thanks.

(Signed) "RICHARD BICKERTON."

"To the respective Captains, &c."

A similar instance of indiscipline occurred on board the Excellent upon Christmas Day, which was subdued by the firmness of her Officers, aided by the undaunted allegiance of her party of Marines. Nothing from me can superadd to their honor. I annex the result which proceeded from Commodore Hood, and is such as carries a powerful evidence of their fidelity.

"Blenheim, Carlisle Bay, Barbadoes, 30th Dec. 1802.

"Memorandum--The Commander in Chief had flattered himself in the hope, that all those ill disposed acts of mutinous conduct were at an end in the Royal Navy, and that Seamen would endeavour to heighten their characters in the eyes of the rest of his Majesty's subjects; but he trusts the punishment he has been obliged to order to be carried into execution on those unfortunate men may be sufficient example to deter a few evil minded persons from disturbing the repose and good order amongst the Seamen in future.

"The Commander in Chief (as well as the members of the Court Martial) is highly sensible of the active exertions of the Officers of his Majesty's ship Excellent, in quelling the late mutiny on board her, and also the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Private Marines belonging to the said ship, who, by their firmness in resisting the attempt to seduce them from their duty, and in opposing men in actual mutiny, have increased, if possible, the high character the corps has so justly acquired; and begs to assure _the whole of them_, they have his best thanks, and he shall not fail to represent their meritorious conduct to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

(Signed) "SAMUEL HOOD."

"To Captain Maxwell, Blenheim."

CHAP. XLVIII.

Besides the many useful reforms adopted by Earl St. Vincent, for the internal œconomy of the British Navy, his Lordship also turned his attention to the corps of Royal Marines. Upon the 18th of March, 1803, a new code of instructions was published for their regulation when on shore, which vests in the four Senior Captains of each division, the management and superintendance of many concerns that had formerly been placed under separate departments. It would exceed my bounds to attempt the discussion of arrangements which are obviously well designed to promote the interests of the public and the individual, as well as to establish a facility in subordinate transactions. Experience, doubtless, will attest their wisdom, and posterity recognize with gratitude their enlightened author.

The joyous work of peace had scarcely been fulfilled, when disappointed ambition began to wreak its rancour, through the low channels of a venal press. Hitherto the organs of knowledge, and sometimes of liberal opinion, the papers of republican France, under the controul of its First Consul, became the contemptible interpreters of degrading scurrility and the most inflammatory philippics against the English Government. Like the noise of the rattlesnake, they proclaimed a latent danger, while all the public institutes of Buonaparte were levelled at the foundations of our commercial greatness. A banditti of unauthorized agents also set themselves down in our seaports, who, under the specious pretexts of trade, were commissioned to explore our coasts and to contaminate our principles. By such subtle means had the courage and the energies of almost every State which had fallen under the French yoke, been previously undermined, and they well merited the instant and retaliating vengeance of a great kingdom. But war is a serious evil, and every expedient to avert it should be tried by a commercial Country, ere it has recourse to arms. There can be no compromise, however, where national security and honor are at stake. Ours were involved, and we again took up arms in defence of our dearest birthrights.

My corps very soon met an increase of 43 companies to complete the legislative vote for 1803. This has introduced to actual service, all who were upon the half pay list, and produced many vacancies upon the establishment, which, to the perpetual honor of Earl St. Vincent, have been filled by the offspring or kindred of the veteran Marine Officer, who have uniformly met a preference from his Lordship, to the adopted sons of power.

A detachment under Lieutenant Colonel Collins embarked for Port Phillips, in the Southern part of New Holland, who was nominated Lieutenant Governor of it. His personal knowledge of the Country, and the habitual discipline of my corps, will, I trust, unitedly render that fertile spot, of future public benefit, and its society of unfortunate criminals conspicuous by a reform of manners.

Few occasions, during the present war, have offered to signalize Marine valour. Wherever they have occurred, the most powerful incentives to the human mind, have been held out to every hero who shall imitate such examples. The gallantry of Charles O'Reilly, private, on board the Loire, who assisted in carrying the national brig Venteux, and bringing her out from under the heavy batteries of the Isle of Bas, was condescendingly noticed by the Board of Admiralty, and he was immediately promoted, by General Averne, to the rank of Serjeant, at the request of their Lordships. This was likewise followed by a pecuniary recompence from the society of Lloyd's; an institution founded in the most noble munificence, the purest benevolence, and the most exalted patriotism.

Lieutenant Irvin, of Marines, also shewed his zeal in a detached enterprize from the Naiad, against a French schooner at anchor in the Saintes, which was achieved without loss.

My narrative here reaches its close, and I will not dive into futurity. Thus much I will venture to anticipate, that whether in union with his gallant brethren of the fleet, or blended with our disciplined Armies on the shore, the Marine Soldier will never forfeit that distinguished name which he now holds, of loyalty to his King, fidelity to his Country, and unshaken valour against the enemies of both.

If such continues to be his virtues, may he never want a patron and a guardian! and when the Nobleman, who now so ably guides the Naval counsels of the Nation, shall be removed from the seat of power, either by a mortal or a political decree, may his successor, like him, possess the disposition to recompence our merits, although unbefriended by influence!

APPENDIX.

The very important services of the fleets of Britain, through successive generations, have justly entitled her Seamen to public recompence and protection. Every means, therefore, which good policy or expediency could suggest, have been adopted at different times, for their comforts and welfare.

Whether from an illiberal distinction, or a faulty omission, I know not, still the Marine Soldier, habitually a sharer in the dangers and the glory of our Navy, notwithstanding such natural claims to notice, was, for a long while, excluded from a participation in these humane regulations which afforded independence to the destitute families of our Sailors when afar off in their Country's service. It was reserved for a recent and a more enlightened era to extend also to the Marine, a privilege which must constitute the sweetest joy of every good man--that of allotting a part of his pay, when embarked, and distant from his home, for the constant support of a wife and family otherwise doomed to want, an aged parent weighed down by poverty and years, or a dependant friend struggling hard against adversity.

I shall state the nature of those rights which have progressively been granted to the Marine Soldier, and point out the mode by which they can be practically adopted. It is a tribute, however, meritedly due to the Right Honorable Mr. Dundas, to remark, that from his intelligent and generous conceptions, first emanated all these estimable privileges to the subordinates in the Royal Corps of Marines, which were eagerly discussed and sanctioned by a grateful Legislature.

Without recurring to the express Acts of Parliament, upon which those indulgencies are founded, I will simply digest their spirit, and detail the necessary steps to be observed, under every possible contingency. It will be proper to mention, in the first place, that every Marine Recruit should intimate to his wife or kindred, immediately after his joining Head Quarters at Chatham, Portsmouth, or Plymouth, the number _of the divisional Company_ to which he has been attached. Young men too frequently name only _their parade Companies_ which is of no use after they are embarked on board, as such often undergo a change while they continue on shore. By particularizing the former, it serves as a certain clue to their friends in every enquiry concerning their destinies, and will correct mistakes when two, or more, of a similar name shall happen to belong to the same ship or division.

In April, 1763, Marine Soldiers obtained the right of following their trades in any town of Great Britain (except those having Universities) after their discharge from the service. This remains the same.

It is to be observed, for the guidance of legal heirs to prize-money, which may be due to any deceased Marine Soldier, that if they do not exhibit their claims _within_ three years after notice has been given by the Agent or Agents, of its being in course of payment, such goes into the funds of Greenwich Hospital. This shews the absolute necessity of every family or kindred maintaining a constant correspondence with their distant military friends, and as the life of a Soldier is ever precarious, _he_ should not fail to report, by letter, the circumstantial particulars of each fortunate capture at sea, in which he may have an interest, in order that his legal or designed heirs may meet with little difficulty in tracing out where his property lays, in the event of death.

As the Country wisely permits the Marine, in common with all the subordinate servants of his Majesty, an œconomical communication with his dear and remote friends, by the abolition of every postage excepting the payment of one penny, no occasion should be lost of availing himself of this valuable privilege. From this item being lodged with each letter into the office from whence it is dispatched, I am afraid, however, it often happens, when on the eve of putting to sea, that those poor fellows, in the hurry of the occasion, entrust their money and their secrets to unprincipled watermen, who may be tempted to pocket the one, and destroy the other without a chance of detection. _Were the receivers_ of each letter obliged to pay this little impost, correspondence might be more regular, such frauds prevented, and the revenue continue unaltered.

By the benevolent Act of 1792 Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Marines were allowed the privilege of allotting a portion of their pay (usually a moiety) to their wives, families, or others, which, till that period, was confined to the Seamen alone.

Immediately after embarkation, he who has a relative or a friend to whom he inclines to allot such a part, should execute this instrument, which the Captain of the ship he may belong to, will forward to the Navy Board; the Treasurer of which, authenticates the ticket and transmits it to the person for whose benefit it is designed.

The Receiver General of Land Tax, Collectors of Customs or Excise, and Clerks of the Checque, are _officially_ obliged to pay these allowances to the holder of it, every four weeks, and should no money be in hand for the purpose, one or other must name _a day of recall within a fortnight_, under a penalty, as likewise if any deduction shall be made from the net sum. Tickets of allotment are irrevocable by the grantor, while he lives and is in public pay, unless he shews a very solid cause for cancelling them. If a wife who holds one, having children _under fourteen_, shall die, the fact must be attested by the Minister and Church Wardens of the parish, a person named who undertakes to receive _their_ future allowances, and all the circumstances thus established must be remitted to the Navy Board for its sanction. He who becomes the representative ought to appear in person to receive such monies, unless prevented by sickness. But should a wife die (leaving children of the above description) and if no steps are taken or any claims made for their benefit, _within six months_, such allotments become void, and they will in future be paid either to the grantor himself, or his heirs and executors after his decease.

Those who hold such tickets may always be assured of the friends who gave them being alive, up to the date of the latest payment, as the Navy Board never fails to acquaint those Agents who have been accustomed to issue the money for allotments, with every death that happens; each of whom is bound, under a penalty, to acknowledge the receipt of such an intimation within two days. The same forms are observed in Ireland, where allotments are paid by the Collectors or Commissioners of Revenue.

All enquiries concerning the situation or destinies of distant relatives serving in the Royal Marines when embarked on board of ship, should be preferred to the Navy Board, Somerset Place, London, and through its present Secretary, (R. A. Nelson,) or whoever may succeed him, as the returns of ships are transmitted to that office, in which the Marines are included. In order to identify the Soldier, about whom an enquiry is made it is necessary to hand, at the same time, the _number_ of his divisional company, as well as that of his allotment ticket, if he has granted one. Successful reference may also be had to the division, where he is attached, by addressing a letter, "On his Majesty's service," to the Adjutant of it; _always_ remarking the _number_ of his Company.

In the year 1792 Marines were placed on the same footing, and became sharers in the benefit of an Act "To prevent frauds and abuses in payment of wages, prize-money, and other allowances." Wills, or letters of Attorney, when executed on board of ship, must be attested by the Captain, and one or more of the _signing Officers_. They are not valid unless they are _revocable_. The Captain acquaints the Navy Board in his ship's return when any Seaman or Marine under his command has made his testament, which is an evidence of the justice of future claims on his property in case of decease. Any will made by either, after his discharge from the service, or any power of Attorney affecting _pay_, _prize-money_, or other property acquired by him, _while on board his Majesty's fleet, if executed within the bills of London or Westminster_, must be attested by an Officer appointed by the Treasurer of the Navy, _where wages are paid_. If either a will or power of Attorney, as above, is made in England or Ireland, it must be witnessed by the Minister and Church Wardens; if in Scotland, by the Clergyman and two Elders of that parish in which the executor of such an instrument may reside.

Any Marine dying on board _intestate_ upon information of his decease reaching his friends, he who is entitled to his effects must give in a petition to the Inspector of Wills, (J. Bedingfield, Esq.) Somerset Place, London, or whoever may be his successor, _stating_ the name of such Marine, to what part of the King's dominions he belonged, the name of the ship or ships in which he served, the applicant's own name, _at full length_, his relation to, or connexion with the defunct, what other kindred the deceased may have alive to the best of the petitioner's knowledge, and where resident. This must be certified by two respectable housekeepers of the parish, town, or place where the applicant dwells, who must aver that they believe such account to be true, _which_ is also to be attested by the Minister and Church Wardens, that _those_ subscribing witnesses live in the parish, and are of honest repute. Upon a petition and a certificate, executed agreeable to such prescribed forms, being transmitted to the Inspector of Wills, he will enquire into the truth of all, and when satisfied that no will of the deceased remains with him, he will send or deliver to the claimants an abstract of his petition, with a note or ticket signed by himself and subjoined, marked by his stamp, representing that such statement of the claimant appears just, and that the person so petitioning may have letters of administration to the deceased, _provided_ he is otherwise entitled by law, _which_ will be addressed to a Proctor in Doctor's Commons, that letters may pass in favour of the applicant, while the original petition and certificate are preserved on the records of the Treasurer of the Navy and kept by him, and the letters of administration must be lodged and registered in the same manner as the probates of wills, with the Inspector, who must give a cheque signed and stamped by him, or his representative, to the Administrators or their Attorneys, which will be sufficient for either to demand payment of all sums due to them on account of the deceased. Proctors are liable to a penalty of 500_l_. if aiding to procure probates or letters of administration to empower any to receive pay, prize-money, &c. for service in the fleet, without having first obtained a certificate from the Inspector of Wills and powers of Attorney, and they will, moreover, be incapacitated from acting in any Ecclesiastical Court of Great Britain or Ireland.

Non-Commissioned Officers and Private Marines should be cautious to execute latter wills and powers exactly conformable to the prescribed rules, for if not attended to, they will be of no effect, besides the testator or executor being subject to a penalty.

The stated fees of Proctors are as follow, and with them I shall close an Appendix, which, I humbly trust, will prove of general benefit. Every remark which it contains is alike applicable in pursuing the interests of the heirs of Seamen as well as of Marines.

For seal, parchment, writing, and suing forth the probate granted to
the Executors of any Marine whose property is 20_l_. £0 15 2
To Proctor on letters of administration on do. when 20_l_. 1 4 2
--------
To Proctor for probate when property is 40_l_. £1 8 8
Do. letters of administration when do. do. 1 17 8
--------
To Proctor for probate when property is 60_l_. £1 11 2
To do. letters of administration when do. do. 2 8 6
--------
To Proctors for probate when property is 100_l_. £1 13 8
Do. letters of administration when do. do. 2 11 0

If the funds exceed my statements, the charges progressively become augmented, of which any Proctor can inform, as they are uniformly limited.

FINIS.

M. Swinney, Printer,
Birmingham.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

All changes noted in the ERRATA (pg xvi) have been applied to the
etext.

The heading and signature lines of letters have been made consistent
in style; the printer sometimes combined them to save space on a page.

Three occurrences of the character ſ (long-form s) have been replaced
by the normal s. (Pg 1 also; pg 5 Brisbane; pg 383 sloop.)

Sometimes the currency symbol l (for libra, pounds) was used instead
of £. This has been changed to _l_ for clarity. For example, 50l is
represented as 50_l_.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspelling in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example:
crouded, crowd; chaced, chased; stile, style; control, controul.

Pg x. 'requst' replaced by 'request'.
Pg xi. 'hononr' replaced by 'honour'.
Pg xii. 'sharers' replaced by 'shares'.
Pg xiv. 'establisment' replaced by 'establishment'.
Pg xv. 'Trinadad' replaced by 'Trinidad'.
Pg xvi. 'proccedure' replaced by 'procedure'.
Pg 11. '11,375 16 ' replaced by '11,375 16 8'.
Pg 16. 'Cloudesly' replaced by 'Cloudesley' (twice).
Pg 20. 'harrassed' replaced by 'harassed'.
Pg 22. 'eastermost' replaced by 'easternmost'.
Pg 23. 'capitol' replaced by 'capital'.
Pg 30. 'inorder to' replaced by 'in order to'.
Pg 38. "Holl's" replaced by "Holl"; "Barr's" replaced by "Barr".
Pg 43. 'peformed' replaced by 'performed'.
Pg 52. 'Barriadera' replaced by 'Barradera'.
Pg 52. 'Castilio' replaced by 'Castillo'.
Pg 66. 'recal' replaced by 'recall'.
Pg 67. 'embarassment' replaced by 'embarrassment'.
Pg 71. 'amunition' replaced by 'ammunition'.
Pg 76. 'Massachusets' replaced by 'Massachusetts'.
Pg 76. 'secresy' replaced by 'secrecy'.
Pg 77. 'Louisburgh' replaced by 'Louisburg'.
Pg 81. 'usged' replaced by 'urged'.
Pg 87. 'alledging' replaced by 'alleging'.
Pg 87. 'notwithsanding' replaced by 'notwithstanding'.
Pg 90. 'fac totum' replaced by 'factotum'.
Pg 91. 'endeavonr' replaced by 'endeavour'.
Pg 91. 'notwithsanding' replaced by 'notwithstanding'.
Pg 93. 'wihich' replaced by 'which'.
Pg 97. 'groud' replaced by 'ground'.
Pg 109. 'datachment' replaced by 'detachment'.
Pg 111. 'compleated' replaced by 'completed'. (For consistency
with ERRATA ref. pg 121.)
Pg 114. 'Aix La Chapelle' replaced by 'Aix-la-Chapelle'.
Pg 122. 'parly' replaced by 'parley'.
Pg 125. 'Foudryant' replaced by 'Foudroyant'.
Pg 128. 'accquaint' replaced by 'acquaint'.
Pg 132. 'Divison' replaced by 'Division'.
Pg 140. 'compleat' replaced by 'complete'.
Pg 144. 'Keppell' replaced by 'Keppel'.
Pg 150. 'predeliction' replaced by 'predilection'.
Pg 152. 'Keppell' replaced by 'Keppel'.
Pg 160. 'chearfulness' replaced by 'cheerfulness'.
Pg 166. 'Battlions of a' replaced by 'Battalions of'.
Pg 231. 'compleating' replaced by 'completing'.
Pg 170. 'scite' replaced by 'site'.
Pg 176. 'unparelelled' replaced by 'unparalleled'.
Pg 178. 'momentuous' replaced by 'momentous'.
Pg 186. 'rouze' replaced by 'rouse'.
Pg 190. 'mœnuvre' replaced by 'manœuvre'.
Pg 201. 'waving' replaced by 'waiving'.
Pg 202. 'Ticonderago' replaced by 'Ticonderoga'.
Pg 202. 'wiley' replaced by 'wily'.
Pg 206. 'desart' replaced by 'desert'.
Pg 217. 'Pensylvania' replaced by 'Pennsylvania'.
Pg 223. 'retrogade' replaced by 'retrograde'.
Pg 224. 'mœnuvring' replaced by 'manœuvring'.
Pg 232. 'Pitcaim' replaced by 'Pitcairne'.
Pg 243. 'vollies' replaced by 'volleys'.
Pg 251. 'Charlestown' replaced by 'Charleston'.
Pg 255. 'developeing' replaced by 'developing'.
Pg 263. 'distingushed' replaced by 'distinguished'.
Pg 266. 'sweeped' replaced by 'swept'.
Pg 266. 'hazarduous' replaced by 'hazardous'.
Pg 267. 'chearfully' replaced by 'cheerfully'.
Pg 276. 'nogociations' replaced by 'negociations'.
Pg 279. 'hazarduous' replaced by 'hazardous'.
Pg 281. 'momentuous' replaced by 'momentous'.
Pg 297. 'unparelleled' replaced by 'unparalleled'.
Pg 300. 'cooly' replaced by 'coolly'.
Pg 300. 'befel' replaced by 'befell'.
Pg 310. 'Braave' replaced by 'Brave'.
Pg 317. 'traiterous' replaced by 'traitorous'.
Pg 325. 'dependancies' replaced by 'dependencies'.
Pg 335. 'independant' replaced by 'independent'.
Pg 335. 'compleat' replaced by 'complete'.
Pg 338. 'saliant' replaced by 'salient'.
Pg 338. 'adviseable' replaced by 'advisable'.
Pg 347. 'desart' replaced by 'desert' (twice).
Pg 352. 'precipiece' replaced by 'precipice'.
Pg 352. 'unremitted' replaced by 'unremitting'.
Pg 353. 'dependancy' replaced by 'dependency'.
Pg 359. 'Tremenduous' replaced by 'Tremendous'.
Pg 359. 'achievments' replaced by 'achievements'.
Pg 363. 'commencment' replaced by 'commencement'.
Pg 378. 'panegyrick' replaced by 'panegyric'.
Pg 381 Footnote [7]. 'given in by' replaced by 'given by'.
Pg 384. 'intepidity' replaced by 'intrepidity'.
Pg 384. 'unremitedly' replaced by 'unremittingly'.
Pg 386. 'occomplished' replaced by 'accomplished'.
Pg 387. 'achievment' replaced by 'achievement'.
Pg 389. 'tremenduous' replaced by 'tremendous'.
Pg 390. 'purchaced' replaced by 'purchased'.
Pg 396. 'cooly' replaced by 'coolly'.
Pg 398. 'respectsble' replaced by 'respectable'.
Pg 400. 'scurrillity' replaced by 'scurrility'.
Pg 400. 'philipics' replaced by 'philippics'.
Pg 402. 'succeessor' replaced by 'successor'.
Pg 405. 'allottment' replaced by 'allotment'.
Pg 407. 'Attornies' replaced by 'Attorneys'.