Chapter VI: Appendix: B

_EXAMINATION PAPERS SET BY THE SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT._

SUBJECT II.--MACHINE CONSTRUCTION AND DRAWING.

_Examiners_, PROF. T. A. HEARSON, M.Inst.C.E., and J. HARRISON, ESQ., M.Inst.M.E.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

_If the rules are not attended to, the paper will be cancelled._

You may take the Elementary, or the Advanced, or the Honours paper, but you must confine yourself to one of them.

Put the number of the question before your answer.

You are expected to prove your knowledge of machinery as well as your power of drawing neatly to scale. You are therefore to supply details omitted in the sketches, to fill in parts left incomplete, and to indicate, by diagonal lines, parts cut by planes of section.

No credit will be given unless some knowledge of projection is shown, so that at least two views of one of the examples will be required properly projected one from the other. The centre lines should be clearly drawn. The figured dimensions need not be inserted.

Your answers should be clearly and cleanly drawn in pencil. No extra marks will be allowed for inking in.

All figures must be drawn on the single sheet of paper supplied, for no second sheet will be allowed.

The value attached to each question is shown in brackets after the question. But a full and correct answer to an easy question will in all cases secure a larger number of marks than an incomplete or inexact answer to a more difficult one.

Your name is not given to the Examiner, and you are forbidden to write to him about your answers.

You are to confine your answers _strictly_ to the questions proposed.

A single accent (') signifies _feet_; a double accent (") _inches_.

_The examination in this subject lasts for four hours._

* * * * *

First Stage or Elementary Examination. 1885.

INSTRUCTIONS.

Read the General Instructions above.

Answer briefly any three, but not more than three, of the following questions, and draw two, but not more than two, of the examples.

_Questions._

(_a._) Show two methods by which a cotter may be prevented from
slacking back. (6.)

(_b._) Sketch the brasses for a bearing, and show how they are
prevented from turning in the pedestal. (6.)

(_c._) Explain the object of the construction of the connecting rod
end shown in fig. 78. Describe how the adjustment must be made and
how it is locked. (10.)

(_d._) Show the form of the Whitworth screw thread by drawing to
scale a part section of two or three threads taking a pitch of
1-1/2 inches. Figure the dimensions on the sketch. How many threads
to the inch are used on an inch bolt? (10.)

(_e._) Make a sketch showing how the adjustment is made in the
sliding parts of machine tools: as, for example, in the slide rest
of a lathe. (10.)

(_f._) Describe with sketches two methods by which the joints are
made in connecting lengths of cast-iron pipes. (6.)

_Examples to be drawn._

1. Jaw for four-screw dog chuck for 5" lathe. Draw the two views as
shown (fig. 77). Scale full size.

(Note.--The other three jaws of the chuck are not to be drawn.)
(35.)

2. Connecting rod end. Draw the two views as shown, partly in
section (fig. 78). Draw full size. (35.)

3. Hooke's coupling. Draw the three views shown (fig. 79), adding
any omitted lines where the views are incomplete. Draw to scale of
1/4 full size. (35.)

* * * * *

First Stage or Elementary Examination. 1886.

INSTRUCTIONS.

Read the General Instructions (page 102).

Answer briefly any three, but not more than three, of the following questions, and draw two, but not more than two, of the examples.

_Questions._

(_a._) Give sketches showing how the cutting tool of a lathe or
other machine is secured in place. (6.)

(_b._) Make a sketch of a stud, describe how it is screwed into
place, and state some circumstances under which it is used in
preference to a bolt. (6.)

(_c._) Give sketches showing one method of attaching the valve rod
to an ordinary slide valve. (6.)

(_d._) Sketch a connecting rod end, with strap, gib, and cotter.
Explain the use of the gib. (10.)

(_e._) Explain the use of the quadrant for change wheels for a
screw-cutting lathe shown in Example 1, fig. 80, by making a
sketch showing it in place on a lathe with wheels in gear. (10.)

(_f._) Sketch one form of hanger suitable for supporting mill-shafting.
(10.)

_Examples to be drawn._

1. Quadrant for change wheels for screw-cutting lathe. Draw the two
views shown (fig. 80). Scale half-size. (35.)

2. Crank-shaft. Draw the two views as shown, partly in section (fig
81). Scale 1/8 full size. (35.)

3. Ball bearing for tricycle. Draw the two views as shown, partly
in section (fig. 82). Draw full size. (35.)

* * * * *

First Stage or Elementary Examination. 1887.

INSTRUCTIONS.

Read the General Instructions (page 102).

Answer briefly any three, but not more than three, of the following questions, and draw two, but not more than two, of the examples.

_Questions._

(_a._) Explain how the piston rings in Example 1, fig. 84, are made
so that the piston may work steam-tight in the cylinder. How are
these rings got into place? (8.)

(_b._) Give two views of a double riveted lap joint for boiler-plates.
(8.)

(_c._) Show by sketches how a wheel is fixed on a shaft by means of
a sunk key. Explain how the key may be withdrawn when it cannot be
driven from the point end. (8.)

(_d._) Give sketches showing the construction of a conical metal
lift or puppet valve and seating. (10.)

(_e._) With the aid of sketches explain how a piston rod is made to
work steam-tight through the end of the cylinder. (10.)

(_f._) Explain how the slotting machine ram of Example 8, fig. 85,
may be made to move up and down when at work. How is the length of
the stroke altered, and what is the object of the slotway in the
upper part of the ram? (10.)

_Examples to be drawn._

1. Piston for steam-engine. Draw and complete the two views shown
(fig. 84), the top half of the left-hand view to be in section.
Scale 1/2 size. (30.)

2. Plan and sectional elevation of a footstep bearing for an
upright shaft (fig. 83). Draw and complete these views. Scale
1/4 size. (35.)

3. Ram of slotting machine. Draw and complete the two elevations
shown (fig. 85). The tool-holders must be drawn in their proper
positions in the ram, and not separate as in the diagram. Scale
1/4 size. (35.)

* * * * *

First Stage or Elementary Examination. 1888.

INSTRUCTIONS.

Read the General Instructions on p. 102.

Answer briefly any three, but not more than three, of the following questions, and draw two, but not more than two, of the examples.

_Questions._

(_a._) Give sketches showing how the separate lengths of a line of
shafting may be connected together. (8.)

(_b._) What is the object of using chipping or facing strips in
fitting up machine parts? Give one or two examples. (8.)

(_c._) Give sketches showing how you would grip and drive a round
iron bar for the purpose of turning it between the centres of a
lathe. (10.)

(_d._) Explain the action of the governor shown in Example 1
(fig. 86). (10.)

(_e._) Describe in detail how the mud-hole door in Example 2
(fig. 88) is removed for the purpose of cleaning the boiler and
how it is replaced and the joint made steam-tight. (10.)

(_f._) Describe how the parts of the spur wheel in Example 3
(fig. 87) are put together, and explain why the wheel is made
in segments. (10.)

_Examples to be drawn._

1. Loaded governor for small gas engine. Draw and complete the two
views, partly in section as shown (fig. 86). Scale full size. (35.)

2. Mud-hole mouth-piece for Lancashire boiler. Draw and complete
the two views shown (fig. 88). Scale 3/8ths. (35.)

3. Point for segments of large spur wheel. Draw and complete the
views shown (fig. 87). Scale 3/16ths.

_Note._--As the radius of the wheel is too large for your
instruments, the circumference at the joint may be set out
straight, as in a rack. (35.)

INDEX

Air-pump bucket, 58
Alloys, 80
Angle irons, 12
Annealing, 79, 80
Axles, 24

Back stay for lathe, 86
Bar stay, 83
Bearings for shafts, 30
Beech-wood, 81
Bell crank lever, 86
Bessemer steel, 79
Bevil wheels, 43
Blister steel, 79
Blooms, 78
Bolt-heads, proportions of, 18
Bolts, forms of, 17
Border lines, 4
Box couplings, 25
-- end, connecting rod, 51
Box-wood, 81
Brackets, 33
Brake shaft carrier, 30
Brass, 80
Brasses, 30
Bucket, 58
Built-up cranks, 46
Bush, 30, 49, 51, 54, 56, 63
Butt joints, 10, 11
-- strap, 10
Buttress screw thread, 15

Case-hardening, 80
Cast iron, 76
Cast iron flange coupling, 28, 29
-- steel, 79
Caulking, 8
Cementation process, 79
Centre lines, 2, 4
Chilled castings, 78
Circulating pump piston, 58
Clearance, cylinder, 74
-- of cotter, 49
Cocks, 74
Cogs, 41
-- wood for, 81
Collared stud, 18
Collars, 24
Colouring, 3
Colours for different materials, 3
Compasses, 1
Cone keys, 23, 38
Conical disc valve, 70, 71, 89
-- head, 7
Connecting rod, locomotive, 51
-- -- marine, 51
-- rods, 49, 89
Construction for rivet heads, 7
Contraction of castings, 77
Copper, 80
Cotters, 48, 49
Countersunk head, 7, 18
Coupling rod ends, 55, 84
-- rods, 54
-- screw, 96
Couplings, shaft, 25
Cover plate, 10
Cranked axle, 45
Cranks, 43
-- built-up, 46
Cross-head pin, 51
Cross-heads, 56, 89
Cross-key, 28
Cup-headed bolt, 17

Decimal equivalents, 6
Dimension lines, 5
Dimensions, 5
-- of box couplings, 26
-- cast-iron flange couplings, 29
-- keys, 24
-- stuffing-boxes and glands, 67
-- Whitworth screws, 15
Distance lines, 5
Dividers, 1
Draught of cotter, 49
Drawing board, 1
-- instruments, 1
-- paper, 2
-- pen, 1
-- pins, 2

Eccentrics, 47
Exhaust port, 71
Eye-bolt, 18

Fairbairn's coupling, 26
Fast and loose pulleys, 37
Feather key, 23
Flange couplings, 27
Flap valves, 68
Flat key, 22
Forge irons, 77
Forging, 79
Form of wheel teeth, 40
Forms of nuts, 16
-- rivet heads, 7
-- screw threads, 15
Foundry irons, 77

Gasket, 58
Gas threads, 15
Gib, 49
-- head, 23
Girder stay, 81
Gland, 64
Grey cast iron, 77
Gun-metal, 80
Gusset stay, 12

Half-lap coupling, 26
Hangers, 34
Hardening of steel, 80
Headstock lathe, 96
Hexagonal nut, 16
Hollow key, 22
Hook bolt, 18
Hornbeam, 81

India-rubber disc valves, 58, 68
Inking drawings, 2
Inside lap of valve, 72

Joggles, 33
Joint, knuckle, 84
Journals, 24
-- length of, 32
Junk ring, 61

Keys, 22
-- proportions of, 23
Kinghorn's metallic valve, 70
Knuckle joint, 84
-- screw thread, 15

Lancaster's piston packing, 61
Lap joints, 8, 9, 10, 12
-- of slide valve, 72
Lathe headstock, 96
Lead of valve, 74
Lever, bell crank, 86
-- ratchet, 96
Lignum-vitae, 81
Locking arrangements for nuts, 21, 62
Lock nuts, 19
Locomotive connecting rod, 51
-- cranked axle, 45
-- cross-head, 56
Locomotive eccentric, 47
-- piston, 60
Lubricator, needle, 32

Malleable cast iron, 78
-- iron, 78
Marine connecting rod, 51
-- coupling, 28
-- crank-shaft, 46
-- piston, 61
Merchant bars, 78
Mortise wheels, 41
Mottled cast iron, 77
Muff couplings, 25
Muntz metal, 80

Needle lubricator, 32
Nuts, forms of, 16
-- lock, 19
-- proportions of, 18

Oil-box, 54, 65
Outside lap of slide valve, 72
Overhung crank, 43
-- cranks, proportions of, 45

Packing, 63
Pan head, 7
Pedestal, shaft, 30
Pencils, drawing, 1
Phosphor bronze, 80
Pillar bracket, 34
Pillow block, 30, 32
Pin, cross-head, 51, 54
-- split, 21
Piston rod, 57
Pistons, 57
Pitch circle, 40
-- of wheel teeth, 40
-- surfaces of wheels, 39, 43
Pivots, 24
Plummer block, 30
Plunger, 57
Printing, 4
Proportions of bolt-heads, 18
-- keys, 23
Proportions of lap joints, 9, 10
-- marine engine pistons, 62
-- nuts, 18
-- overhung cranks, 45
-- pillow blocks, 32
-- rivet heads, 7
-- wheel teeth, 40
Puddled bars, 78
Puddling process, 78
Pulley, eccentric, 47
Pulleys, 36
Pump bucket, 58

Ramsbottom's packing, 60
Ratchet lever, 96
Riveted joints, 8
Rivet heads, forms of, 7, 8
-- -- proportions of, 7
Riveting, 7
Rivets, 6
Rope pulley, 39
Round key, 23

Saddle key, 22
Scales, 5
Screw coupling, 96
Screwed gland and stuffing-box, 65
Screw threads, 14, 15
Screws, representation of, 16
Sellers =V= screw thread, 14
Set screw, 21, 49
-- squares, 1
Shaft couplings, 25
-- hanger, 34
Shafting, 24
Shear steel, 79
Sheave, eccentric, 47
Shingling, 78
Shrinking, process of, 44
Siemens-Martin steel, 79
Slide blocks, 56
-- valves, 68, 71
Sliding key, 23
Snap head, 7
Snug, 17
Spiegeleisen, 80
Spring bows, 1
Spur wheel, 41
Square nut, 16
-- screw thread, 14
Stay, back, for lathe, 86
-- bar, 83
-- girder, 81
-- gusset, 12
Steam ports, 71
-- whistle, 96
Steel, 79
Steps, 30
Strap, 49
-- eccentric, 47
-- end of connecting rod, 49
Stud bolts, 18
Studs, 18
Stuffing-boxes, 63
Sunk key, 22

Taper bolt, 18, 27
-- pin, 23
Tee-headed bolt, 18
Tee-iron cover strap, 81
Tee square, 1
Teeth of wheels, form and proportions of, 40
Teeth, pitch of, 40
Tempering of steel, 80
Throw of crank, 44
-- eccentric, 47
Toothed wheels, 39

Valve Kinghorn's metallic, 70
-- slide, 68, 71
Valves, 68
-- conical disc, 70
-- india-rubber, 58, 68
Velocity ratio in belt gearing, 36

Wall boxes, 34
Washers, 19
Welding, 79
Whistle, steam, 96
White cast iron, 77
Whitworth screws, dimensions of, 15
-- =V= screw thread, 14
Wood, 81
Working drawings, 4
Wrought iron, 78

Yellow pine, 81

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