Chapter 32: would provide the work with a symmetrical conclusion. As (4)

Patrick’s Purgatory, St., 120, 225, 234 _sqq._;
closed, 237;
doubtful origin, 236;
popularity of legend, 234, 237;
influence on European literature, 237;
Dante parallels, 235, 238.

Paul, St., Vision of, 29, 99;
Revelation of, 106, 181;
mediæval vision of, 202 _n._, 230 _sqq._;
authority for Purgatory, 192 _n._;
guide to the Otherworld, 182 _n._

Pavia, University founded by Dungal, 6 _n._

Perceval (Peredur) romances, parallels to Irish legends, 131, 150, 154,
156, 184 _n._

Persian eschatology, see ‘Avesta.’

Peter, St., Vision of, 28, 181;
on purification of the world by fire, 99;
Apocalypse of, 105;
authority for Purgatory, 192;
guide to the Otherworld, 182 _n._

Peter, Spanish monk, Vision of, 111.

Petrus Hibernicus, 6 _n._

Philip, Roman Emperor, 45, 46 _n._

Philo Judæus, 76 _sqq._

Phœnix legend, 85, 154-5, 189.

Pillar on enchanted island, 151, 160, 210.

Pindar on Elysium, 50 _n._;
cited, 121 _n._

Plato and the Otherworld legend, 56;
Vision of Er, 56 _sqq._, 111;
eschatology of, 57-8;
on the mysteries, 58;
rebirth, 57-8.

Plutarch, Vision of Thespesios, 60 _sqq._, 111, 118 _n._, 233 _n._;
eschatology of, 61 _sqq._;
the mysteries, 108;
Tartarus, 109;
early Neo-Platonist, 77;
_On Isis and Osiris_, 88.

Porter of Hades, 35, 69, 84, 193.

Promise, sacredness of, in Ireland, 140.

Psychopompos, see ‘Guide to Otherworld.’

Ptolemy I., 88;
Philadelphia, _ib._;
Euergetes, _ib._

Pûitika sea, 72, 85, 184.

Pundgel, Australian divine bird, 73 _n._

Punishments in Otherworld, see ‘Hell,’ ‘Tartarus’;
Purgatorial, see ‘Purgatory’;
temporary, 35, 39, 40, 41, 49, 201-2;
classified, 40 _sqq._, 105, 171, 174, 199 _sqq._, 231;
respited periodically, 43, 160, 161, 232.

Purgatory: idea in Plato, 57;
in Plutarch, 61-4;
theories of the Rabbis, 90, 193-4;
in _Book of Enoch_, 194;
development in the early Church, 192-4;
in the _Fis Adamnáin_, 36, 178-9, 193-4;
in Irish legends, 160, 215 _sqq._, 225, 227, 233, 235;
in the _Vision of Alberic_, 239;
St. Patrick’s, see ‘Patrick’s Purgatory, St.’

Pythagoras and the mysteries, 52-3.

Rabbis, see ‘Jews.’

Ragozin, M. de, _Chaldæa_, cited, 69 _n._;
_Media_ cited, 71 _n._

Ramsay, Sir W. M., on the Greek mysteries, 55-6.

Raphoe, Mórdáil at, 18.

Rebirth doctrine, in Plato, 54, 57-8;
Plutarch, 62, 64;
Virgil, 65;
rejected by the Persians, 80;
Chaldæans, _ib._;
Egyptians, 93;
Jews, 92-3.

Reeves, Bishop, ed. Adamnán’s _Life of St. Columba_, 4 _n._;
cited, 7 _n._, 11.

Renouf, M. Le Page, on the Egyptian theory of the future life,
89 _n._, 93.

Respite, periodical, of the damned, 43, 160, 161, 232.

Return myth of departed heroes, 163.

Revelation, Book of, 85, 98 _n._, 99, 100 _n._, 163 _n._, 183, 184,
190 _n._, 195, 198, 205.

Rhapsodical description of Paradise, 43, 73, 174, 205-6, 210.

Rhys, Professor, on Bran, 123 _n._

Rivers of Hell, 43, 151;
four, 43, 204.

Rohde, Professor, on the Greek mysteries, 53.

Ronán, 7.

Ronat, 7, 20.

Ross, men of, 162-3, 191.

Ruadán, St., 18, 24.

Sabbatarianism in early Irish Church, 161.

Saints, Land of, in _Fis Adamnáin_, 30;
three orders of Irish, see ‘Ireland.’

Saltair na Rann cited, 114.

Samoan ten Heavens, 83.

Satan, in _Fis Adamnáin_, 38;
in Vision of Fursa, 167;
in Vision of Tundale, 220;
in Voyage of St. Brendan, 208.

Sayce, Professor, on Chaldæan eschatology, 70 _n._, 72 _n._, 82.

Scathach, realm of, 130.

Scél Lái Brátha, 171, 205 _n._

Schröder, _Sanct Brandan_, 207 _n._

Scone, stone of, 134.

Sedulius, 6 _n._

Segda Saerlabrad, 137-8, 144-5.

Segine, Abbot of Iona, 8.

Seneca on Tartarus doctrine, 109.

Seppelli, Signor, trans. Immanuel ben Salamone, 242 _n._

Sereth, 7.

_Serglige Conchulaind_, 127 _sqq._

Seth, journey to Paradise, 84, 97.

Seven, favourite mystic number, 83;
Heavens, 35, 83, 84, 192;
walls of Celestial City, 33, 185;
of Ecbatana, 33;
Hells of Rabbis, 90, 193;
Chaldæan Spirits of Earth, 70, 81;
Persian Magnificent Deities, 81;
Amesha Spentas, 78, 81;
Philonic emanations, 81;
Archangels, 84.

Shakespeare cited, 201.

Shammai, school of, 90, 194.

Sheol, 96, 191.

Shepherd of Hermas, see ‘Hermas.’

Sibylline books, 101.

Sibyls, medium of revelation, 67, 104.

Silvester, Pope, 45.

Sinbad, 151, 208 _n._

Sliabh Daidche, 208.

Snedgus and Mac Ríagla, 147, 162 _sqq._, 184 _n._

Soldier, St. Gregory’s vision of a, 111.

Soleus, see ‘Thespesios.’

_Somnium Scipionis_, 64, 229 _n._

Sorrows, two, of Heaven, 46, 174, 205.

Stephen, Vision of, 110.

Stoics and early Empire, 91;
destruction of world by fire, 91 _n._

Stones, vocal and musical, 31, 125, 135, 181, 187-8.

Stokes, Dr. G. T., _Ireland and the Celtic Church_, 114 _n._, 115.

---- Dr. Whitley, editor of _Fis Adamnáin_, 25, 32 _n._, 35 _n._,
40 _n._, 41 _n._, 42 _n._, 44 _n._, 47 _n._, 188 _n._, 196 _n._;
on date of, 25;
_Saltair na Rann_, 114 _n._;
_Adventures of Cormac_, 139 _n._;
_The Irish Ordeals_, etc., 120 _n._;
_Voyage of Maelduin’s Curach_, 151 _n._;
_Voyage of the Sons of Ua Corra_, 157 _n._;
_Imrum Snedghusa agus Mic Ríagla_, 162 _n._;
_A Middle Irish Homily_, 173 _n._;
Latin life of St. Brendan, 207 _n._, 210 _n._

Sunday respite of the damned, 43, 160, 161, 231.

Swallowing of guilty by demons, 38, 39, 89, 195-6, 198, 216, 218, 220,
228, 231, 235.

Syria, Hellenism in, 68;
Jewish colonies, 86;
and Irish Church, 113-15.

Tadg mac Céin, adventures of, 120, 148 _n._, 212 _n._

Táin Bo Aingen, 132.

Tara, Synod of, 18;
abandonment of, _ib._

Tartarus, in Plato, 57;
Aristophanes, 59;
Plutarch, 62;
Virgil, 65-6;
under Roman Empire, 109;
contribution to Christian Hell, _ib._;
none in Pagan Ireland, 129;
kindred conceptions, 129, 130, 139.

Tertullian, precedence awarded to martyrs, 188.

Tethra, god of Irish Underworld, 121, 126, 143.

Theophilus, Sergius, and Hyginus, voyage of, 184 _n._

Theseus, 49.

Thespesios, Vision of, 60 _sqq._

Throne of Deity, 31, 96, 158, 183 _sqq._;
parallels in myths of Chaldæa, 70;
Ireland, 122, 137, 183.

Tigernach cited, 7 _n._, 18.

Timotheus of Alexandria, 88.

Tinne, 7, 29.

Tír Aedha, 7 _n._

Tír na n-óg, 133, 136;
Tír Tairngire, 123 _sqq._, 126, 136, 139, 141, 142, 144, 148, 210.

Tonsure, Irish, 9.

Torach, cook of, 155.

Tradition, historical value of Irish, 16, 17.

_Transitus Mariæ_, 107.

Tree of Life, 46, 70, 75, 84, 96, 98, 157, 163, 174, 179, 184, 189,
190 _n._, 224;
parallels in Irish myth, 124, 128, 134, 137, 140, 154-5, 190.

Tree, public, in Ireland, 134;
in the Italian republics, 135 _n._

Trinity, the, in mediæval visions, 188;
in Irish visions, 37, 167, 188.

Trionfo del Vaglio, Il, cited, 153.

Tuatha Dé Danann, 122, 126, 127, 129, 134, 136, 183 _n._

Tuathal Techtmar, 14.

Tundale, Vision of, 212 _sqq._;
influence on foreign literature, 224;
compared with _Fis Adamnáin_, 225;
with Dante, 225-9.

Turpin, Archbishop, 146 _n._

Ua Corra, Voyage of the sons of, 120, 147, 157 _sqq._, 183.

Ui Néill, the, 15.

Vara of Yima, 72, 73, 85, 144, 189;
suggested derivation from Deluge tradition, 78 _n._

Varuna and Tethra, 121 _n._

Veil before the Throne, 30, 187;
over mystical islands, 152, 160, 187, 210.

Vendîdâd cited, 71 _n._, 72 _n._, 73 _n._, 74, 76 _n._, 79 _n._, 80.

Victor, St. Patrick’s angel, 182 _n._

Virgil and the vision of the Otherworld, 48, 64 _sqq._;
descriptions, 65 _sqq._;
follows received authorities, 65;
agreement with Aristophanes, _ib._;
eclecticism, 66;
artistic point of view, 66;
received as prophet by the Church, 67;
influence on development of the legend, _ib._;
on Dante, _ib._;
cited, 152, 173 _n._, 194, 203 _n._, 209 _n._

Vision of Otherworld, wide diffusion of the legend, 1 _sqq._;
in Greece, 56 _sqq._, 60 _sqq._;
Rome, 48, 64 _sqq._;
lines of development, 3, 48;
popularity with post-captivity Jews, 94;
in early Church, 98 _sqq._;
survival in homilies, folk-tales, etc., 111, 114;
special developments in Ireland, 23, 121;
Irish acquaintance with earlier visions, 116;
Irish vision-writers on the Continent, 206-7;
their influence on European literature, 224, 242 _sqq._;
on Dante, 243-5;
tendency to increase in horror, 225-6;
popularity in later Middle Ages, 229, 240;
diminished importance and increased number, 239 _sqq._

Visions of Adamnán, Er, Thespesios, Enoch, Esdras, Apostles, Hermas,
St. Peter, St. Paul, St. Colm Cille, St. Fursa, St. Laisrén, Tundale,
Drihthelm, Owen, Alberic, see ‘Adamnán,’ etc.

Vohu Mano and Neo-Platonic Logos, 78 _n._

Wagner, A., editor of Vision of Tundale, 213 _n._

Waters of Life, 69, 84, 98, 190 _n._

West, abode of the dead, 29, 96.

Whale taken for island, 208.

Windisch, Professor, editor of _Fis Adamnáin_, 27, 34 _n._, 47 _n._;
date of _F. A._, 25;
ed. _Serglige Conchulaind_, 127 _n._

Women, status of, in Ireland, 19;
military service, 18-20;
emancipation, 18, 20-23;
liability for crimes, 21.

World-Sea, 72, 85.

Wright, _St. Patrick’s Purgatory_, 229 _n._

Yama, Indian god of dead, 29 _n._, 74, 121.

Yehl, divine bird of Thlinkeets, 73 _n._

Yima, Persian god of dead, 72 _sqq._, 85, 121.

Zimmer, Professor, on date of the Voyage of Maelduin’s Curach, 150,
157 _n._

Zoroastrianism, see ‘Avesta.’

Zu, Babylonian culture-bird, 73 _n._

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