Chapter XXII

264. Railroad Signalling 335
265. The Pilot Guard 335
266. The Train-Staff 335
267. First Basis of Railroad Signalling 336
268. Code of American Railway Association 337
268_a_. The Block 338
269. Three Classes of Railroad Signals 338
270. The Banner Signal 338
271. The Semaphore 340
272. Colors for Signalling 340
273. Indications of the Semaphore 341
274. General Character of Block System 342
275. Block Systems in Use 343
276. Locations of Signals 344
277. Home, Distant, and Advance Signals 344
278. Typical Working of Auto-controlled Manual System 345
279. General Results 348
280. Distant Signals 349
281. Function of Advance Signals 349
282. Signalling at a Single-track Crossing 350
283. Signalling at a Double-track Crossing 352
284. Signalling for Double-track Junction and Cross-over 352
285. General Observations 353
286. Interlocking-machines 354
287. Methods of Applying Power in Systems of Signalling 357
288. Train-staff Signalling 358