Chapter D: Two Pedantic Novels of Roman Life (3)

[12] For a more complete outline of the tendencies of the romance at this time, see _The Development of the English Novel_: Wilbur L. Cross.

[13] This motive is used in Mr. E. L. White’s _Andivius Hedulio_, and in Baring-Gould’s _Perpetua_; in each of these novels the hero makes his escape through the drain.

[14] Thomas Love Peacock said _The Epicurean_ was “not faithful to ancient manners, and ignorant of Epicureanism.”

[15] The date 1827 is given in the publisher’s note to the 1901 edition, as the date when _Salathiel_ was first published. This is evidently a mistake on the part of the publishers (Messrs. Funk and Wagnalls), since 1829 is given as the original date of publication by historians of the novel (_e. g._, George Saintsbury in _The English Novel_), and in biographical accounts of Croly (_e. g._, _The Dictionary of National Biography_, etc.).

[16] Josephus is the direct source usually, and always the ultimate source of all novels which take the siege of Jerusalem for their theme. _cf._ Whyte-Melville’s _The Gladiators_.

[17] Croly’s classical scholarship is especially well displayed in his _Catiline_, which tells in the form of a verse drama the story of the famous conspiracy against the Roman republic.

[18] Since Bulwer wrote for many years under this name, before he became the Earl of Lytton, it is quite permissable to use the shorter form of his name.

[19] The scene of _Valerius_, of course, opens in Britain, but nothing of importance to the story happens there. This is doubtless a mere device to arouse the interest of English readers in the hero by hinting at the connection of “Roman” Britain with Rome.

[20] The date 1840, given in some guides to historical fiction, has been found to be incorrect.

[21] _Hypatia_ was begun as a serial in Fraser’s Magazine in 1851.

[22] In regard to Kingsley’s choice of Hypatia for his heroine, it should be said that she typifies the last adherent of Greek philosophy, and this is the real reason she is chosen. There is, however, a marked similarity between Kingsley’s heroine and Ware’s Zenobia. Both were women who aspired to power, independent of the Roman government; and both conceived the idea of relying on male counselors. Hypatia, in speaking of Philammon, says: “If I could but train him into a Longinus, I could dare to play the part of a Zenobia, with him as counselor... And for my Odenatus—Orestes?” She did indeed attempt to follow this plan, even forming an alliance with Orestes, whom she detested. But even if Kingsley’s heroine was in part suggested to him by Ware’s Zenobia, this is not to be considered an important reason leading to the writing of _Hypatia_.

[23] For this aspect of the Oxford conspiracy, see George Borrow’s _Lavengro_, (1851), and _The Romany Rye_, (1857); also W. L. Cross, _The Development of the English Novel_, p. 211, and W. L. Gates, _Essay on Newman_, in _Three Studies in Literature_, N. Y., (1899).

[24] These quotations are all from the same letter, which may be found in _Charles Kingsley; His Letters and Memories of His Life_, edited by his wife: Scribners, N. Y., 1894, abridged from the London Edition.

[25] Quoted from a notice of the English translation by M. J. Safford. The notice appeared in a contemporary number of _The Spectator_, St. Louis.

[26] From a contemporary review in _The Mail and Express_, N. Y.

[27] Among authors cited are Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Martial, Cicero, Seneca, St. Jerome, Juvenal, Tacitus, Plautus, Dion Cassius, Aulus Gellius, Aurelius Victor, Suetonius, Ovid, Ammianus Marcellinus, Tertullian, and a number of others.

[28] Wallace owes little in the chariot-race scene to Quinton’s _The Money God_, though a similar scene in _The Money God_ has been pointed out.

[29] Arthur Hobson Quinn, Professor of English and (former) Dean of the College, University of Pennsylvania, in _The American Novel—Past and Present; Lectures by the Faculty_, 1913-14, p. 302.

[30] J. M. Murray, _The Problem of Style_, (1922); quoted in _The Classical Weekly_ February 26, 1923.

[31] _The Temptation of St. Anthony_ is probably the best example of dream literature in the world, and Mr. E. L. White may have had in mind this method of transporting one’s thoughts to the past, when he was collecting material for _Andivius Hedulio_ (1921).

[32] See his letter to Mr. Maurice, January 16, 1851 (already quoted), in _Charles Kingsley, Letters and Memories of His Life_, ed. by his wife, abr. from London ed., _Scribner’s_, 1894.

[33] Author’s _Note to the Reader_.

[34] _Walter Pater, a Critical Study_, by Edward Thomas, N. Y., 1913.

[35] Mr. F. S. Dunn, while speaking with due reverence of Pater’s chaste diction and chaster ethics, notes two trifling errors made in _Marius the Epicurean_ in regard to the topography of Rome. (F. S. Dunn, _The Historical Novel in the Classroom_,—_Classical Journal_, April, 1911.)

[36] Quinton in _The Money God_, had spoken of the two favorite bears of the Emperor Galerius, giving as his source Lactantius, _de Morte persecutorum_, cap. 21.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

_Explanation_

The following list of titles will be divided into sections, according to the plan followed in tracing the development of the novel of Roman life, and is intended to serve as a supplement to Section III of the foregoing study. In each section of the list the titles will be arranged, as nearly as possible, according to the chronological order of the dates of publication, except in cases where an author has written more than one fiction on Roman life. In such cases all his books will be mentioned together in the order of their publication. In case the original date of publication of a book is uncertain, the date of the best available edition will be given; or if no date is known for a book, it will be listed at the end of the section in which it belongs, or after other books, (the date of which is known), by the same author. In some cases title will be listed of books which are out of print but may be found here and there in public libraries. Books which I believe are practically unobtainable will be marked with an asterisk (*). The list includes all true English novels of Roman life, as well as all other books written in English, whose titles have been collected as by-products of the novel of Roman life. These by-products will be classified according to their relative importance to the study of the novel of Roman life, the more important books being given first.

The earliest known date of each novel is given in parentheses, (). Short stories, including those published in collections, have been omitted.

NOVELS OF ROMAN LIFE, AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS

1. NOVELS CONNECTED WITH THE GENESIS OF THE NOVEL OF ROMAN LIFE. (See § II, p. 17.)

_Letters Supposed to have passed between Theodosius and
Constantia_—Langhorne, John; London, (1778).

_Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, a Narrative Founded on History_—Miss
O’Keefe; London, (1814).

_Valerius, a Roman Story_—Lockhart, J. G.; London, (1821)—N. Y.
Harper, 1835.

_The Epicurean_—Moore, Thomas; (1827)—McClurg, Chicago, 1890.

_Salathiel, the Immortal_—Croly, George; (1827)—Repub. Funk &
Wagnalls, New York, under title, _Tarry Thou Till I Come_, 1903.

_The Alexandrians, an Egyptian Tale of the Fourth Century_—Anon.
Whittaker, London, (1830).

_The Last Days of Pompeii_—Bulwer-Lytton, Sir E. G.; Dutton, N.
Y., (1834).

_The Stoic_—Stanford, Jane K.; London, (1834).

2. IMPORTANT NOVELS BY PREACHERS. (See § III, A, p. 34.)

_Zenobia, or the Fall of Palmyra_—Ware, William; Burt, N. Y.,
(1836)—James Miller, N. Y., 1869.

_Aurelian: Rome, Third Century_—Ware, William; orig. pub. as
_Probus_, (1838)—Burt, N. Y., n. d., under title of _Aurelian_.

_Julian; Scenes in Judea_—Ware, William; Estes, Boston, (1841).

_Hypatia_—Kingsley, Charles; (1853)—MacMillan, N. Y., 1902.

_Fabiola: The Church of the Catacombs_—Wiseman, Cardinal N.;
Burns & Oates, London, (1855).

_Callista_—Newman, Cardinal John Henry; (1856)—Longman, N. Y.,
1890.

_Darkness and Dawn_—Farrar, Archdeacon Frederic W.;
(1892)—Longmans, N. Y., 1895.

_Gathering Clouds_—Farrar, Archdeacon Frederic W.;
(1895)—Longmans, N. Y., 1896.

_Perpetua_—Baring-Gould, Rev. S.; Dutton, N. Y., (1897).

_Domitia_—Baring-Gould; Fred A. Stokes, N. Y., (1898).

3. TWO NOVELS BY PEDANTS. (See § III, D, p. 73.)

_Dion and the Sibyls, a Romance of the First Century_—Keon, Miles
Gerald; London, Bentley, (1866).

_The Money God, or The Empire and the Papacy_—Quinton, M. A.;
Kelly, Piet & Co., Baltimore (1873).

(*_Aurelia, or the Jews of Capena Gate_—Quinton, M. A.; n. d.)

(*_Furius, a Tale of the Early Christians at Rome_—Quinton, M.
A.; n. d.)

4. IMPORTANT NOVELS BY TEACHERS. (v. III, G.)

_Helena’s Household; Rome, First Century_—De Mille, James;
(1858)—Ward & Drummond, N. Y., 1897.

*_The Martyr of the Catacombs_—De Mille, James; (1858).

_Kallistratus, an Autobiography_—Gilkes, A. H.; Longmans,
(1897)—Frowde, London, 1912.

*_Four Sons_—Gilkes, A. H.; Symcox, Dulwich, (1909).

_A Friend of Caesar_—Davis, William Stearns; Macmillan, N. Y.,
(1900).

_The Unwilling Vestal_—White, Edward Lucas; Dutton, N. Y., (1918).

_Andivius Hedulio_—White, Edward Lucas; Dutton, N. Y., (1921).

*_Claudian, Second Century_—Munro, Rev. Edward M., M. A.;
Masters, London, n. d.

5. ARTISTIC NOVELS OF ROMAN LIFE. (See § III, H, p. 108.)

*_The Fawn of Sertorius_—Landor, Robert Eyres; Longmans, London,
(1846); (scene in Spain).

_Marius, the Epicurean_—Pater, Walter Horatio; Macmillan, N. Y.,
(1885).

_Veranilda_—Gissing, George; Archibald, Constable & Co., London,
(1904).

_Evander_—Phillpotts, Eden; Macmillan, N. Y., (1919).

_Pan and the Twins_—Phillpotts, Eden; Macmillan, N. Y., (1922).

6. POPULAR NOVELS OF ROMAN LIFE, INCLUDING THOSE NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED. (See § III, E, p. 75, and F, p. 90.)

*_The Empress_—Bennett, G.; Smith & Elder, London, (1835);
(listed as a novel of Roman life).

_Attila, or the Huns_—James, G. P. R.; (1837)—Routledge, London,
1903.

*_The Gladiator, a Tale of the Roman Empire_—Lamont, Miss M. M.;
(1840)—Longmans, London, 1849.

_Julia of Baiae; or The Days of Nero_—Pickering, Ellen; Saxton &
Miles, N. Y., (1843).

_Antonina_—Collins, Wilkie; Harper, N. Y., (1850).

*_The Siege of Damascus, a Historical Romance_—Nisbet, James;
Chapman, London, (1851).

_The Roman Traitor, or the Days of Cicero, Cato and
Catiline_—Herbert, H. W.; Peterson, Philadelphia, (1853).

*_The Wager of Battle_—Herbert, H. W., n. d. (Roman Britain).

_The Slaves of Sabinus, Jew and Gentile_—Yonge, Charlotte
M.; National Society’s Depository, Sanctuary, Westminster,
(1861)—Whittaker, N. Y., 1890.

*_The Cook and the Captive; or Attalus the Hostage_—Yonge,
Charlotte M.; Whittaker, N. Y., (1894).

_The Gladiators_—Whyte-Melville, G. J.; (1863)—Ward & Lock, N.
Y., 1890.

_Ænone, a Tale of Slave Life in Rome_—Kip, L.; Bradburn, N. Y.;
(1866).

*_Ierne of Armorica; a Tale of the Time of Clovis_—Bateman, J.
C.; Sadlier, N. Y., (1873), (scene in Gaul).

*_Claudius_—Causton, Mrs. R. K.; Hatchards, London, (1878).

*_Blue and Green_—Pottinger, Sir Henry; Chapman, London, (1879).

_Ben Hur_—Wallace, Gen. Lew; Harper, N. Y., (1880).

_Neaera_—Graham, John W.; Macmillan, N. Y., (1886).

_The Son of a Star_—Richardson, B. W.; Longmans, N. Y., (1888).

_Masters of the World_—Hoppus, Mary A. M.; Bentley, (1888), (the
date 1885 is probably incorrect).

*_A Queen Among Queens_—MacDowall, C. J. F. S.; Swan, London,
(1889), (Zenobia).

_Cleopatra_—Haggard, Sir H. Rider; Longmans, N. Y., (1889).

_Pearl-Maiden_—Haggard, Sir H. Rider; Longmans, London, (1902).

*_Acte_—Westbury, Hugh, pseud., (Farrie, Hugh C.); Bentley,
London, (1890).

_Barabbas_—Corelli, Marie; Lippincott, Philadelphia, (1893).

_The Sign of the Cross_—Barrett, Wilson; Lippincott,
Philadelphia, (1897).

*_Pharos, the Egyptian_—Boothby, G.; Ward & Lock, London, (1899).

_The Lion’s Brood_—Osborne, Duffield; Doubleday, N. Y., (1901).

_She Stands Alone_—Ashton, Mark; L. C. Page & Co., Boston, (1901).

_Amor Victor_—Kenyon, Orr; Stokes, N. Y., (3rd ed., 1902).

_Vergilius, a Tale of the Coming of Christ_—Bacheller, Irving;
Harper, N. Y., (1904).

_Lux Crucis, a Tale of the Great Apostle_—Gardenhire, S. M.;
Harper, N. Y., (1904).

*_Marcus and Faustina_—Carrel, Frederic; J. Long, London, (1904).

*_Et tu, Sejane_—Twells, Miss J. H.; Coates, Philadelphia, (1904).

_Psyche_—Cramp, Walter S.; Little & Brown, Boston, (1905).

_An Heir to Empire_—Cramp, Walter S.; Richard C. Badger, The
Gorham Press, Boston, (1913).

*_The Son of the Swordmaker_—Reed, Opie; Laird, Chicago, (1906).

_Under Pontius Pilate_—Schuyler, William; Funk & Wagnalls, N. Y.,
(1906).

_Saul of Tarsus_—Miller, Elizabeth; Bobbs-Merrill Co.,
Indianapolis, (1906).

_The City of Delight, a Love Drama of the Siege and Fall of
Jerusalem_—Miller, Elizabeth; Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis,
(1908).

*_The Senator Licinius_—Kelly, W. P.; Dutton, N. Y., (1909).

*_The Doomed City_—Carling, J. R.; Ward & Lock, London, (1910).

_The Fetters of Freedom_—Brady, Cyrus Townsend; Dodd, Mead & Co.,
N. Y., (1913).

_Unto Caesar_—Orczy, Baroness; Doran, N. Y., (1914).

_The Standard Bearer_—Whitehead, A. C.; American Book Co., N. Y.,
(1915).

_Behold the Woman_—Harré, T. Everett; Lippincott, Philadelphia,
(1916).

_Princess Salome_—Jenkins, B. A.; Lippincott, Philadelphia,
(1921).

_Revelation_—Deamer, Dulcie; Boni & Liveright, N. Y., (1922).

_Nabala_—Caskie, Jaquelin A.; J. B. Bell, Inc., Lynchburg, Va.,
(1922).

7. BOOKS FOR BOYS, INCLUDING MOST BOOKS ON ROMAN BRITAIN. (See p. 10 and p. 96.)

_Two Thousand Years Ago_—Church, Rev. A. J.; Dodd, Mead & Co., N.
Y., (1885).

_The Count of the Saxon Shore_—Church, Rev. A. J.; Putnam, N. Y.,
(1887), (Britain).

_To the Lions_—Church, Rev. A. J.; Putnam, N. Y., (1889).

_The Burning of Rome_—Church, Rev. A. J.; (1892)—Macmillan, N.
Y., 1902.

_Lords of the World_—Church, Rev. A. J.; Scribner, N. Y., (1898).

_The Crown of Pine_—Church, Rev. A. J.; Seely, London,
(1905)—Scribners, N. Y., 1906.

*_No. XIII; or The Story of the Lost Vestal_—Marshall, E.;
Cassell, London, (1885), (Britain).

_The Young Carthaginian_—Henty, G. A.; Burt, N. Y., (1886).

_For the Temple_—Henty, G. A.; Blackie, London, (1888).

_Beric, the Briton_—Henty, G. A.; Scribners, N. Y.,
(1892)—Scribners, N. Y., 1911, (Britain).

*_One Traveller Returns_—Murray, D. C., & Herman, H.; Chatto,
London, (1887), (Britain).

_The Wonderful Adventures of Phra the Phoenician_—Arnold, Edwin
Lester; Burt, N. Y., (1890), (Britain).

_Lepidus the Centurion, a Roman of To-day_—Arnold, E. L.;
Crowell, N. Y., (1901), (a Roman brought back to life in England).

*_Woe to the Conquered_—Clark, Alfred; Low, London, (1893).

*_A Duke of Britain_—Maxwell, Sir H. E.; Blackwood, (1895).

*_Aneroestes the Gaul_—Smith, E. M.; Unwin, London, (1899).

*_Britain’s Greatness Foretold_—“Trevelyan, Marie”; Hogg, London,
(1900).

*_A Story of Ancient Wales_—Elrington, H.; Whittaker, N. Y.,
(1900).

*_Marcus, the Young Centurion_—Fenn, G. M.; Nister, London,
(1904).

_A Daughter of the Druids_—Sedgwick, S. N.; Stockwell, (1904),
(Britain).

*_At Sunrise_—Spurell, Herbert; Greening, London, (1904),
(Britain).

_Nikanor, Teller of Tales_—Taylor, C. B.; McClurg, Chicago,
(1906), (Britain).

_Under the Roman Eagles_—“Sagon, Amyot”; Partridge, London,
(1907).

_The Meeting of the Ways_—Baxter, J. D.; Greening, London,
(1908), (Britain).

_Durobrivae; Roman Rochester_—Harris, E.; Harris, Rochester,
(1909).

*_Boudicca_—Ward, C. H. D.; Ousely, London, (1912), (Britain).

8. STORIES OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION. (See p. 39 and p. 53.)

Explanation of Abbreviations:

R. T. S.—Religious Tract Society, London.

S. P. C. K.—Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London.

_Naomi: or the Last Days of Jerusalem_—Webb, Mrs. J. B. Peploe;
Routledge, London, (1841), (date 1840 is probably incorrect).

_Julamerk: a Tale of the Nestorians_—Webb, J. B. P.; Ward & Lock,
London, (1848).

_The Martyrs of Carthage_—Webb, J. B. P.; Ward & Lock, London,
(1850).

_Alypius of Tagaste_—Webb, J. B. P.; R. T. S., (Revell, N. Y.),
(1865).

*_Pomponia; the Gospel in Caesar’s Household_—Webb, J. B. P.;
Pres. Pub. Co., Philadelphia, (1867).

*_Evadne: or An Empire in Its Fall_—Rowcroft, C.; Boone, London,
(1850).

_The Egyptian Wanderers_—Neale, Rev. John Mason; S. P. C. K.,
(1854).

*_The Farm of Aptonga_—Neale, J. M.; Parker, London, (1856)—S. P.
C. K., 1918.

*_The Exiles of the Cebenna_—Neale, J. M., (pseud. Aurelius
Gratianus); Parker, London, (1859)—S. P. C. K., 1918.

_The Quay of the Dioscuri_—Neale, J. M.; S. P. C. K., (1917).

_The Lions of Wady-Arabia_—Neale, J. M.; S. P. C. K., (1917).

_The Prince of the House of David; or Three Years in the Holy
City_—Ingraham, Rev. J. H.; (1855)—Roberts, Boston, (1895).

*_Adonijah; the Jewish Dispersion_—Strickland, Jane M.; Simpkin,
London, (1856).

*_Parthenia, or the Last Days of Paganism_—Lee, Mrs. E. B.;
Routledge, London, (1858).

_Caecilia Metella, or Rome Enslaved_—“Julia, Aemilia,” (Emily
Julia Black); Chapman, London, (1859).

_Claudia and Pudens: Early Christians in Gloucester_—Lysons, S.;
Hamilton, London, (1861).

*_The Villa of Claudius_—Cutts, Rev. E. L.; S. P. C. K., (1861).

_Martyrs of Spain_—Charles, Mrs. Elizabeth Rundle; S. P. C. K.,
(1862).

_The Victory of the Vanquished_—Charles, E. R.; Dodd, Mead & Co.,
N. Y., (1871).

_Conquering and to Conquer_—Charles, E. R.; S. P. C. K.,
(1876)—Dodd, Mead & Co., N. Y., (1876).

_Lapsed, But Not Lost_—Charles, E. R.; S. P. C. K., (1877)—Dodd,
Mead & Co., N. Y., (1879).

_Attila, and His Conquerors_—Charles, E. R.; S. P. C. K., (1894).

*_Life in Judea; or Glimpses of the First Christian
Age_—Richards, Maria T.; Simpkin, London, (1862).

*_Victor, a Tale of the Great Persecution_—Perry, G. G.; S. P. C.
K., London, (1864).

*_Vestina’s Martyrdom_—Pitman, Emma R.; Hodder, London, (1869).

_Claudia_—Tucker, Charlotte; Nelson, London, (1869).

_Freedom, a Tale of the Early Christians_—Tucker, C.; R. T. S.,
(1871).

_Daybreak in Britain_—Tucker, C., (pseud. A. L. O. E.); R. T. S.,
(1880).

_Stars in a Stormy Night, or Light from the Catacombs_—“E. L.
M.”; Nelson, London, (1870).

_Æmilius: Decian and Valerian Persecutions_—Crake, Rev. A. D.;
Mowbray, London, (1871).

_Evanus; Constantine the Great_—Crake, A. D.; Mowbray, London,
(1872).

_The Camp on the Severn_—Crake, A. D.; Mowbray, London,
(1875)—The Vatican Library, N. Y., 1891.

_The Victor’s Laurel_—Crake, A. D.; Mowbray, London, (1885)—The
Vatican Library, N. Y., 1889.

*_The Standard Bearer_—Palmer, Ellen; Hamilton, Edinburgh, (1871).

*_Nonna: A Story of the Days of Julian the Apostate_—Palmer,
Ellen; Hamilton, Edinburgh, (1872).

_Marcella of Rome_, (also called _The Fearless Christian
Maiden_)—Knevels, Mrs. C. D., (pseud. Eastwood, Frances); Shaw,
London, (1872).

*_Adah, the Jewish Maiden_—Gray, Agnes M.; Hamilton, Edinburgh,
(1872).

*_Cyllene_—Sneyd, Henry; Longmans, London, (1873).

*_Epiphanius_—Mossman, T. W.; Hayes, London, (1874).

_Gaudentius_—Davies, Rev. G. S.; S. P. C. K., (1874).

_Julian’s Dream_—Davies, G. S.; S. P. C. K., (1875).

_St. Paul in Greece_—Davies, G. S., n. d.

_Glaucia: the Greek Slave_—Leslie, Emma; Nelson and Phillips, N.
Y., (1874)—R. T. S., 1904.

_Quadratus, a Tale of the World in the Church_—Leslie, E.;
Phillips and Hunt, Cincinnati, (1875).

_Sowing Beside All Waters, a Tale of the Early Church_—Leslie,
E.; R. T. S., n. d. (This is merely _Quadratus_ rewritten.)

_Flavia_—Leslie, E.; Nelson and Phillips, N. Y., (1875), later
published under the title of

_Out of the Mouth of the Lion; or the Church in the
Catacombs_—Leslie, E.; Bradley, Boston, (1880), (also pub.
anon.).

_On the Emperor’s Service_—Leslie, E.; R. T. S., (1904).

*_Edol the Druid_—Kingston, W. H. G.; Partridge, London, (1874).

*_Jovinian; Early Days of Papal Rome_—Kingston, W. H. G.;
Hamilton, London, (1877).

_Zipporah, the Jewish Maiden_—Brewsher, Mrs. M. E.; London,
(1875).

_Philochristus_—Abbott, Rev. Edwin A.; Macmillan, N. Y., (1878).

_Onesimus, Christ’s Freedman: Memoirs of a Disciple of St.
Paul_—Abbott, E. A.; Revell, N. Y., (1882)—(Repub. Corwin, C. E.,
ed.)

_Silanus the Christian_—Abbott, E. A.; Macmillan, N. Y., (1906).

*_Narcissus_—Carpenter, Rev. W. Boyd; S. P. C. K., (Young, N.
Y.), (1879).

*_Dio the Athenian_—Burr, E. F.; Methodist Bk., N. Y., (1880).

*_Aleph the Chaldean; the Messiah as Seen from Alexandria_—Burr,
E. F.; Ketcham, N. Y., (1891).

*_Fabius, the Roman_—Burr, E. F.; Baker, N. Y., n. d.

_The Wards of Plotinus_—Hunt, Mrs. John; Strahan, London, (1881).

*_Valeria, or the Martyr of the Catacombs_—Witherow, W. H.;
Woolmer, London, (1883).

_Dorcas, the Daughter of Faustina_—Kouns, Nathan C.; Fords, N.
Y., (1884).

_Arius the Libyan: an Idyl of the Primitive Church_—Kouns, N. C.;
Appleton, N. Y., (1884).

*_From Crown to Crown; a Tale of the Early Church_—Anon.;
Hatchards, London, (1885).

*_By the King and Queen_—Mercier, Mrs. Jerome; Rivington, London,
(1886).

*_The Slave Girl of Pompeii_—Holt, Emily S.; Shaw, London, (1886).

*_Flora, the Roman Martyr_—Anon.; Burns & Oates, London,
(1886)—Benziger, N. Y., 1887.

_Leah of Jerusalem_—Berry, E. P.; Randolph & Co., (1890).

*_Philip_—Cutler, Mary C.; Nelson, London, (1890).

_A Son of Isaachar_—Brooks, S.; Putnam, N. Y., (1890).

_Come Forth_—Ward, Mrs. Elizabeth Phelps; (1890), (story of
Lazarus).

_The Doom of the Holy City_—Farmer, Lydia H.; Randolph, N. Y.,
(1895).

_Titus, A Comrade of the Cross_—Kingsley, Florence M.; D. C.
Cook, Chicago, (1895).

_Stephen, a Soldier of the Cross_—Kingsley, F. M.; Henry Altemus,
Philadelphia, (1896).

_Paul, a Herald of the Cross_—Kingsley, F. M.; Altemus,
Philadelphia, (1897).

_The Cross Triumphant_—Kingsley, F. M.; Ward & Lock, London,
(1900).

_Tor, a Street Boy of Jerusalem_—Kingsley, F. M.; D. C. Cook,
Chicago, (1905).

_Veronica_—Kingsley, F. M.; Appleton, N. Y., (1913).

_The Story of the Other Wise Man_—VanDyke, Henry J.; Harper, N.
Y., (1895)—Harper, N. Y., 1907.

_Antipas, Son of Chusa, and Others Whom Jesus Loved_—Houghton,
Louise S.; Randolph, N. Y., (1896).

_John, a Tale of King Messiah_—Woods, Katherine P.; Dodd, Mead &
Co., N. Y., (1896).

_The Son of Ingar_—Woods, Katherine P.; Dodd, Mead & Co., N. Y.,
(1897).

_From Dusk to Dawn_—Woods, K. P.; Appleton, N. Y., (1899).

*_Victor Serenus_—Wood, Henry; Gay & Bird, London, (1898).

_The Victory that Overcometh_—Gee, Annie L.; S. P. C. K., (1898).

_The Minister of Carthage_—Mason, Caroline Atwater; Doubleday,
Garden City, N. Y., (1899).

_The White Shield_—Mason, C. A.; Griffith & Rowland,
Philadelphia, (1904).

_Paul of Tarsus_—Bird, Robert; Nelson, London, (1900).

_Lucius Flavus_—Spillman, Rev. Joseph; Kilner, Philadelphia,
(1900).

_Diomede the Centurion_—Henderson, Rev. H. A.; Methodist Bk., N.
Y., (1902).

*_Adnah_—Ellis, J. Breckenridge; R. T. S., (1902).

*_Sancta Paula_—Perry, W. C.; Sonnenschein, London, (1902).

_Bethsaida_—Dearborn, Malcolm; Dillingham, N. Y., (1902).

*_In Holiest Troth_—Fidelis, Sister Mary; Burns & Oates, London,
(1903).

*_A Hero in Wolf-skin_—Bevan, Tom; R. T. S., (1904).

*_The Court of Pilate_—Hobbs, Roe R.; Fenno, N. Y., (1906).

*_The Story of a Child That Jesus Took_—Smyth, S. P. N.; Pilgrim
Press, Boston, (1907).

*_Nizra_—Klarman, Andrew; Fred. Pustet & Co., (1908).

*_Leo of Mediolanum_—Hollis, Gertrude; S. P. C. K., (1909).

*_For Queen and Emperor_—Protheroe, Ernest; R. T. S., (1909).

*_The Forgotten Door_—Cowper, Frank; S. P. C. K., (1909).

_Mary of Magdala_—Roberson, Mrs. H. G.; Saalfield, Akron, O.,
(1909).

_Mary of Magdala_—Saltus, Edgar; Greening, London, (1909).

*_The Testament of Judas_—Byatt, H.; Long, London, (1909).

_Prisca of Patmos_—McCook, Rev. Henry C.; The Westminster Press,
Philadelphia, (1911).

*_Faustula_—“Ayscough, John”, (Francis Browning Drew); Chatto,
London, (Kilner, Philadelphia), (1912).

_The Story of Phaedrus; How We Got the Greatest Book in the
World_—Hillis, Rev. Newell Dwight; Macmillan, N. Y., (1914).

_The Coming of the King_—Babcock, Bernie; Bobbs Merrill Co.,
Indianapolis, (1921).

_Simon of Cyrene_—Shastid, Thomas Hall; Wahr, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, (1923).

9. BOOKS LISTED AS NOVELS OF ROMAN LIFE. (Date of Publication Uncertain.)

1st Century.

*_Iola, the Senator’s Daughter_—Hillhouse, N. L.

*_Julia of Baiae_—Brown, J. W.; n. d., (possibly a forgery from
Ellen Pickering’s novel of the same title).

_Philo, Life in the First Century_—Hamilton, J.

*_Unlaid Ghost: a Study in Metempsychosis_—Anon.

*_Vergilia_—Grey, G.

2nd Century.

*_Letters from Rome_—Wace, Eustace.

*_Marius Flaminius; the Days of Hadrian_—Anon.

3rd Century.

*_The Theban Legion_—Blackburn, E. M.

10. RELIGIOUS STORIES. (Date of Publication Uncertain.)

a. Those with Scene near Rome.

1st Century.

*_Mina: The Days of Nero and the Early Christians_—Ross, Andrew.

_Neither Rome nor Judea_—Hoven, E.

2nd Century.

*_The Child Martyr and Early Christians in Rome_—Anon.

*_Three Roman Girls_—Bamford, M. E.; American Baptist Pub. Co.

*_The Three Berenices_—Bright, Mrs. A. M.

_The Captive Maiden_—Anon.

4th Century.

_The Last Battle of the Gods_—Kelly, F. C.; Philadelphia.

b. Those with Scene in Africa.

_African Fabiola, or The Church of Carthage in the Days of
Tertullian_—Clarke, A. C.

_Fabiola’s Sisters, a Companion to Fabiola_—Clarke, A. C.

*_Deodatus; or Martyr of Carthage_—Williams, E.

*_Our Little Carthaginian Cousin_—Winslow, Clara V.

*_Vandal, or Half a Christian_—Luby, William J.

c. Those with Scene in Asia.

_Andros of Ephesus_—Copus, Rev. J. E.

_The Son of Siro_—Copus, Rev. J. E.; Benziger, N. Y.

*_Aslane: Manners of the Nestorian Christians_—Anon.

_The Fall of Palmyra, Rome, and the Early Christians_—Anon.

*_The Fall of Damascus_—Russell, C. W.

d. Those with Scene in Palestine.

1st Century.

_Judea Capta_—Toner, C. E.

*_The Jews’ Tragedy_—Heming.

*_Zerah, the Believing Jew_—Anon.

After 1st Century.

_Abdiel; a Tale of the Early Christians_—Anon.

e. Those with Scene in Britain.

*_Mona the Vestal_—Dorsey, Anna H.; Lippincott, Philadelphia, c.
1850.

*_The Alleluia Battle, or Pelagianism in Britain_—Anon.

*_The Druidess_—Anon.