Chapter I: Preface: To the First Edition

My book on “Animal Life and Intelligence” being out of print, I undertook to revise it for a new Edition. As the work of revision proceeded, however, it appeared that the amended treatment would not fall conveniently under the previous scheme of arrangement. I therefore decided to write a new book under the title of “Animal Behaviour.” A few passages from the older work have been introduced, and some of the observations and conclusions already published in greater detail in “Habit and Instinct” have been summarized. But it will be found that these occupy a relatively small space in the following pages.

C. LL. M.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BRISTOL,
OCTOBER 1_st_, 1900.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

_ORGANIC BEHAVIOUR_

PAGE

I. BEHAVIOUR IN GENERAL 1
II. BEHAVIOUR OF CELLS 3
III. CORPORATE BEHAVIOUR 14
IV. THE BEHAVIOUR OF PLANTS 24
V. REFLEX ACTION 31
VI. THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC BEHAVIOUR 35

CHAPTER II

_CONSCIOUSNESS_

I. THE CONSCIOUS ACCOMPANIMENTS OF CERTAIN ORGANIC CHANGES 42
II. THE EARLY STAGES OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT 48
III. LATER PHASES IN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT 56
IV. THE EVOLUTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS 61

CHAPTER III

_INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR_

I. DEFINITION OF INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR 63
II. INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN INSECTS 71
III. THE INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG BIRDS 84
IV. THE CONSCIOUS ASPECT OF INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR 98
V. THE EVOLUTION OF INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR 106

CHAPTER IV

_INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR_

I. THE NATURE OF INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR 117
II. INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR IN INSECTS 123
III. SOME RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT 134
IV. THE EVOLUTION OF INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR 155
V. THE INFLUENCE OF INTELLIGENCE ON INSTINCT 168

CHAPTER V

_SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR_

I. IMITATION 179
II. INTERCOMMUNICATION 193
III. SOCIAL COMMUNITIES OF BEES AND ANTS 205
IV. ANIMAL TRADITION 220
V. THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 225

CHAPTER VI

_THE FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS_

I. IMPULSE, INTEREST, AND EMOTION 235
II. PLAY 248
III. COURTSHIP 258
IV. ANIMAL “ÆSTHETICS” AND “ETHICS” 270
V. THE EVOLUTION OF FEELING AND EMOTION 282