Chapter II: Preface: 3

I. ON FARLETON FELL 9

II. PLANT ASSOCIATIONS 30

III. PLANT MIGRATION 48

IV. SOME INTER-RELATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 75

V. PLANT STRUCTURES 98

VI. PLANTS AND MAN 135

VII. PAST AND PRESENT 155

VIII. SOME INTERESTING BRITISH PLANT GROUPS 180

INDEX 208

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FRONTISPIECE.--Desert types:

1, _Rhipsalis pachyptera_. 2, _Haworthia Chalwinii_. 3, _Cereus celsianus_. 4, _Cereus nigricans_. 5, _Aloe Davyana_. 6, _Cotyledon undulata_. 7, _Haworthia tesselata_. 8, _Crassula columnaris_. 9, _Mammillaria plumosa_. 10, _M. obcordellum_. 11, _Mesembryanthemum Pearsoni_. 12, _M. Lesliei_. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, from South Africa. 1, 3, 4, 9, from Central and South America.

FIG. PAGE

1. A Burrowing Lichen, _Verrucaria calciseda_ 17

2. The Glasswort, _Salicornia europæa_ 18

3. _Mesembryanthemum Bolusii_ and _M. Lesliei_ 21

4. Wild Carrot, _Daucus Carota_ (grown under great exposure) 37

5. Inrolled Leaf of Crowberry, _Empetrum nigrum_ 39

6. Succession of Vegetation in Lakes: _a_, Marsh Zone.
_b_, Reed Zone. _c_, Zone of Floating Vegetation.
_d_, Zone of Submerged Vegetation (diagrammatic) 43

7. Coral Root, _Dentaria bulbifera_ 54

8. Fruit of Giant Bell-flower, _Campanula latifolia_ 56

9. Fruit of _Geranium_ 58

10. Fruit of _Viola_ 59

11. Fruit of _Erodium_ 60

12. Diagram illustrating Fall of Seeds 64

13. Wing-seeds and Plume-seeds 68

14. Flower of _Erodium_ 85

15. Flower-head of _Astrantia_ 86

16. Dwarf Cornel, _Cornus suecica_ 88

17. Japanese Wineberry, _Rubus phœnicolasius_ 90

18. Flower and Fruit of Purple Toad-flax, _Linaria purpurea_ 93

19. Stem and Root Structure 112

20. _Genista sagittalis_ 118

21. Leaf-mosaic in _Azara microphylla_ 121

22. Leaf of _Weinmannia trichosperma_ 122

23. Leaf-development of Arrow-head, _Sagittaria sagittifolia_ 125

24. Fruit of _Coriaria japonica_ 128

25. Wild Cabbage, _Brassica oleracea_ 150

26. A Myxomycete, _Comatricha typhoides_ 158

27. Leaf of Maidenhair-tree, _Ginkgo biloba_ 163

28. Great Butterwort, _Pinguicula grandiflora_ _To face_ 173

29. Strawberry-tree (_Arbutus Unedo_) at Killarney _To face_ 174

30. _Spiranthes Romanzoffiana_ _To face_ 174

31. Bird’s-nest Orchis, _Neottia Nidus-avis_ 182

32. Alpine Plant-boss _To face_ 191

33. _Sedum primuloides_ 192

34. New Zealand Veronicas 194

35. Mountain Avens, _Dryas octopetala_ 195

PLANT LIFE