Chapter III

TRENCHES, APPROACHES, PARALLELS, SAPS, SPLINTER-PROOFS AND PASSAGE
OF THE DITCH.

11. Trenches, 15

12. Parallels, 15

13. Approaches, 16

TRACING AND CONSTRUCTING PARALLELS AND APPROACHES.

14. Tracing Parallels, 17

15. Tracing Approaches, 18

16. Posting Working Parties, 18

EXECUTION OF PARALLELS AND APPROACHES.

17. Simple Trench and Flying Sap, 20

18. Construction by Simple Trench, 20

19. Construction by Flying Sap, 22

SPLINTER-PROOF COVER.

20. Splinter-proofs, 23

21. Bomb-proofs, 25

SAPPING.

22. Definitions, etc., 27

23. Full Sap, 28

24. Organization and Duties of Detachment, 28

25. Driving the Sap, 28

26. Breaking out a Sap from a Parallel, 30

27. Circular Place of Arms, 31

28. Shallow Sap, 31

29. Overground Approaches, 31

30. Double Sap, 32

31. Execution of the Double Sap, 32

32. Changing Direction of the Double Sap, 33

33. Breaking out a Double Sap from a Parallel, 33

34. Traversed Sap, 33

35. Traverse by Blinded Sap, 35

36. Crowning the Covered Way, 35

37. Trench Cavalier, 36

38. Former Methods of Sapping, 36

39. Passage of the Ditch, 37

40. A Wet Ditch without Current, 38

41. A Wet Ditch with Current, 40