Chapter XV: Appendix: I

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE PHYSICAL CONTOUR AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PALESTINE

Baedeker, _Palestine and Syria_, 1911.

Buhl, _Geographie des alten Palästina_, 1896.

Conder, _Heth and Moab_, 1883.

---- _Tent Work in Palestine_, 1895.

Dawson, _Egypt and Syria. Their Physical Features in Relation to
Bible History_, 1885.

Dunning, _To-day in Palestine_, 1907.

Forbush, _The Travel Lessons on the Old Testament_, 1900.

Fullylove, _The Holy Land Painted by John Fullylove._ Described
by John Kelman, 1902.

Guérin, _Description de la Palestine_, 1868-89.

Guthe, _Palästina_, 1908.

Hull, _The Survey of Western Palestine_, 1888.

Huntington, _Palestine and Its Transformation_, 1911.

Libbey and Hoskins, _The Jordan Valley and Petra_, I, II, 1905.

Lynch, _Narrative of U. S. Exploration in 1848._

MacMillan, _Guide to Palestine and Syria_, 1903.

Masterman, _Studies in Galilee_, 1909.

Meistermann, _New Guide to Palestine_, 1909.

Merrill, _East of the Jordan_, 1870.

Murray, _Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine_, 1892.

Oliphant, _Land of Gilead_, 1880.

Petrie, _Tell el-Hesy_, 1891.

Palestine Exploration Fund, _Quarterly Statement_, 1869-1911.

----, _Survey of Eastern Palestine_, 1889.

----, _Survey of Western Palestine_, 1888.

Robinson, _Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia
Petræa_, I, III, 1841.

----, _Later Biblical Researches in Palestine_, 1856.

Schumacher, _Northern Ajlun_, 1890.

----, _Pella_, 1889.

----, _The Jaulan. Survey of the German Society for the Exploration
of the Holy Land_, 1888.

Stanley, _Sinai and Palestine_, 1883.

Stewart, _The Land of Israel_, 1907.

Tristram, _Bible Places, or the Topography of the Holy Land_, 1897.

----, _Landscapes of the Bible_, 1901.

----, _The Land of Israel_, 1876.

----, _The Land of Moab_, 1874.

Warren, _Underground Jerusalem_, 1876.

----, _Plans, Elevations, etc., Showing Results of P. E. F. Excavations
at Jerusalem_, 1884.

Wilson, _Picturesque Palestine_, I-IV, 1881-84.

----, _The Recovery of Jerusalem_, 1871.

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF PALESTINE

Besant and Palmer, _Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin_, 1888.

Calkin, _Historical Geography of Bible Lands_, 1904.

Conder, _A Primer of Bible Geography: Founded on the Latest
Explorations_, 1884.

Geikie, _The Holy Land and the Bible_, 1897.

Le Strange, _Palestine under the Moslems_, 1890.

Macphail, _Historical Geography of the Holy Land_, 1900.

Miller, _Least of All Lands_, 1901.

Neubauer, _La Géographie du Talmud_, 1868.

Sanday, _Sacred Sites of the Gospels_, 1903.

Smith, _Historical Geography of the Holy Land_, 1894.

----, Article _Jerusalem_ in Hastings' _Dictionary of the Bible_.

----, Jerusalem, I, II, 1909.

Stapfer, _Palestine in the Time of Christ_, 1886.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE APOSTOLIC AGE

Hausrath, _Time of the Apostles_, 1895.

Ramsay, _The Cities of Saint Paul: Their Influence on His Life and
Thought_, 1907.

----, _The Cities of Eastern Asia Minor_, 1907.

----, _The Galatia of Saint Paul and the Galatic Territory of Acts_,
1896.

----, _Saint Paul the Traveller_, 1896.

Wright, _Cities of Paul, Beacons of the Past Rekindled for the
Present_, 1906.

BOOKS OF TRAVEL

Archbold, _Under the Syrian Sun, The Lebanon, Baalbek, Galilee, and
Judea_, 1906.

Buckhardt, _Travels in Syria and the Holy Land_, 1822.

Curtis, _To-day in Syria and Palestine_, 1903.

Doolittle, _Forbidden Paths in the Land of Og_, 1900.

Goodrich, _In a Syrian Saddle_, 1905.

Lees, _Life and Adventures Beyond the Jordan_, 1906.

Neil, _Rambles in the Bible Lands_, 1905.

Oliphant, _Notes of a Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land_,
1891.

Rix, _Tent and Testament_, 1907.

Scott, _Christ's Own Country: a Pilgrimage through Palestine._

Smith, _Patrollers of Palestine_, 1906.

Sweetapple, _The Earthly Footsteps of Jesus_, 1909.

Thomson, _The Land and the Book_, I-III, 1881-86.

Van Dyke, _Out-of-Doors in the Holy Land_, 1908.

Wright, _Early Travels in Palestine_, 1848.

MAPS

Armstrong, _A Map of Palestine from the Surveys Conducted for the
Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund; Reduced from the
One-Inch Map, six sheets_, 1881.

_Photo-relief Map, from a Specially Prepared Copy of the Raised
Map of Palestine_, 1902.

Beazley, _Medaba Map_, 1905.

_Bible Atlas, Issued by the Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge_, 1903.

Conder, _Map of Western Palestine from Surveys Conducted for the
Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund_, 1890.

Gage, _Relief Map of Palestine_, 1903.

Kent and Madsen, _Topographical and Historical Maps and Chronological
Chart for Biblical Students_, 1905.

----, _Historical Maps for Bible Classes_, 1911.

Johnston, _Map of Palestine_, 1884.

Palestine Exploration Fund, _Map of Western Palestine in 26 Sheets
from Surveys, Conducted for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration
Fund_, 1880.

Philip, _Scripture Atlas_, 1906.

----, _Imperial Atlas of the World_, Vol. II.

Sanders, _Special Edition of the P. E. F. Maps._ Part 1, _Illustrating
the Divisions of the Natural Drainage and the Mountain Ranges_
(6 Sheets).

----, Part 2, _Illustrating the Old Testament, the Apocrypha and
Josephus_ (6 Sheets).

----, Part 3, _Illustrating the New Testament, also the Talmud and
Josephus_, 1882.

Smith, G. A., _A New Topographical, Physical, and Biblical Map of
Palestine. Prepared under the Direction of J. G. Bartholomew_,
1901.

_Standard Biblical Atlas_, 1908.

Stanforth, _Atlas of Universal Geography_, 1895.

II

STEREOGRAPHS AND STEREOPTICON SLIDES ILLUSTRATING "BIBLICAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY"

The following stereographs (or stereopticon slides) have been prepared to illustrate the physical characteristics of the biblical world and the most important events of biblical history. Inquiries in regard to prices, methods of ordering, and other details should be sent directly to Underwood and Underwood, 3 West 19th Street, New York City or to Underwood and Underwood, 104 High Holborn, London, W. C., England. Through them a supplemental booklet (with three locating maps) may also be secured, that gives detailed descriptions of each of the views. Sixty of the most important, that may be used repeatedly to illustrate different subjects and events, have been starred.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

* 1. =Relief Map of Palestine= (_cf._ p. 15 in text)
2. =Ruins of Ancient Tyre= (p. 22)
3. =Haifa and the Plain of Acre from Mount Carmel= (p. 24)
4. =Eastward across the Plain of Sharon= (p. 24)
* 5. =General View of Gaza from the Southeast= (p. 26)
6. =Shephelah and the Philistine Plain from Tell Sandahannah= (p. 26)
7. =Highlands of Upper Galilee about Safed= (p. 29)
8. =Lower Galilee Northeast from Mount Tabor= (p. 30)
* 9. =South from Mount Tabor toward Gilboa= (pp. 30, 152)
*10. =North from Gilboa over the Plain of Jezreel= (pp. 31, 152)
*11. =Plain of Esdraelon and Mount Carmel West from Gilboa= (pp. 32, 173)
12. =Northwest from Bethshean up the Valley of Jezreel= (p. 33)
13. =South from Gilboa over the Hills of Northern Samaria= (p. 35)
14. =The Rocky Gorge of the Wady Farah= (p. 35)
15. =The Plain of Dothan West from Tell Dothan= (p. 35)
16. =The Barley Vale Leading to Shechem= (p. 35)
*17. =Mount Gerizim and the Hills of Southern Samaria= (pp. 36, 241)
18. =Northeast from Mount Gerizim= (pp. 36, 241)
19. =Hill Country of Ephraim= (p. 37)
*20. =Mizpah from the Southwest= (pp. 38, 192, 213)
21. =Southeast from Mizpah toward Jerusalem= (p. 38)
22. =Barley Harvest near Bethlehem= (p. 38)
*23. =Hills and Fields of Judea North from Bethlehem= (p. 38)
24. =From the Mount of Olives toward the Wilderness of Judea= (pp. 39,
243, 259)
25. =Wilderness of Judea and the Wady Kelt= (pp. 39, 127, 258)
*26. =Arabs in the Wilderness of Tekoa= (pp. 40, 150)
27. =Mount Hennon from the West= (p. 46)
28. =The Snow-clad Summit of Mount Hermon= (p. 46)
29. =Sources of the Jordan at Banias= (p. 47)
*30. =Down the Upper Jordan Valley from Cæsarea Philippi= (pp. 47, 257)
31. =Plain of the Jordan North from Lake Huleh= (p. 48)
*32. =West over the Sea of Galilee= (pp. 48, 255)
*33. =Plain of Gennesaret from Magdala= (pp. 49, 247, 253)
34. =Southern End of the Sea of Galilee= (p. 49).
*35. =Plain of Jericho from the Northwest= (pp. 50, 258)
36. =The Lower Bed of the Jordan= (p. 50)
37. =The Dead Sea from the North= (p. 51)
*38. =The Dead Sea from Machærus= (pp. 52, 230, 244)
39. =Wilderness from the South of the Dead Sea= (p. 53)
40. =In the Heart of the Arabah= (p. 53)
41. =South from Engedi= (p. 53)
*42. =Damascus and Its Gardens= (pp. 55, 169, 268)
43. =The Life-giving Abana River= (p. 55)
*44. =The Ruins of Gerasa in Eastern Gilead= (p. 59)
45. =Ford across the Brook Jabbok= (p. 59)
*46. =The Fields of Moab about Dibon= (pp. 60, 122, 170)
47. =Bedouin Camp in the Mountains of the Abarim= (p. 60)
48. =The Deep Valley of the Arnon= (p. 61)
49. =View of the City and Stronghold of Kerak= (p. 62)
*50. The Narrow Gateway to Petra (pp. 62, 184)
51. The Rock-hewn Temple of Isis at Petra (p. 62)
*52. Front View of the Great High Place at Petra (pp. 62, 95)
*53. The Top of the Great Altars at Petra (pp. 62, 95)
*54. Jerusalem from the Valley of the Kidron (p. 64)
*55. Jerusalem from the South (pp. 65, 204)
*56. Jerusalem from the Northeast (pp. 67, 70, 202)
*57. Jerusalem on the West (pp. 69, 203)
58. The Damascus Gate on the North (p. 70)
*59. General View of Samaria from the North (pp. 71, 170, 233)
60. The Acropolis of Samaria from the East (p. 71)

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

* 61. The Mound of Gezer from the Northwest (pp. 88, 224)
62. =Baalbek and the Great Plain between the Lebanons= (p. 91)
* 63. =The Mound of Megiddo from the Southeast= (pp. 98, 131)
64. =The Ruins of Houses and Public Buildings at Megiddo= (p. 99)
65. =The Brick Store Chambers at Pithom= (p. 110)
66. =Mount Seir and the Eastern Borders of the South Country= (p. 115)
* 67. =The Traditional Mount Sinai from the West= (p. 116)
68. =Bedouin Gardens in the Wilderness= (p. 117)
* 69. =Making Bread in a Bedouin Tent= (p. 117)
70. =Bedouin Women Churning Milk= (p. 117)
71. =A Powerful Bedouin Sheik and His Warriors= (p. 117)
72. =Mount Nebo and the Road down to the Jordan= (p. 124)
* 73. =The Ruins of Jericho and the Western Hills= (p. 125)
74. =The Outer Wall of Ancient Jericho= (p. 126)
75. =Road from Jericho to Ai= (p. 127)
* 76. =General View of Hebron from the East= (pp. 128, 153)
* 77. =Rocky Bethel from the South= (pp. 129, 177)
78. =The Great Spring at Dan= (p. 130)
* 79. =The Battle-field beside the Kishon= (p. 132)
80. =General View of Shiloh from the Southeast= (p. 141)
81. =Southeast from the Top of the Ruins of Shiloh= (p. 141)
82. =Housetop at the Traditional Home of Samuel= (p. 142)
83. =Gibeah of Saul= (p. 142)
* 84. =The Pass of Upper Beth-horon from the South= (pp. 144, 212, 220)
* 85. =Scene of Jonathan's Victory at Michmash= (p. 145)
* 86. =David's City, Bethlehem from the West= (pp. 147, 233)
87. =Shepherd Boy with his Flock near Bethlehem= (p. 147)
* 88. =Scene of the Slaying of Goliath in the Valley of Elah= (p. 148)
89. =The Priestly Town of Nob= (p. 148)
90. =Wilderness East of Ziph= (p. 150)
91. =Interior of a Cave at Endor= (p. 152)
92. =The Great Pool at Hebron= (p. 154)
* 93. =View from Mizpah Northward over Gibeon= (pp. 154, 213)
* 94. =The Valley of Rephaim South of Jerusalem= (p. 155)
* 95. =Southern End of the Jebusite City= (pp. 157, 162)
96. =The Water City of Rabbath-Ammon= (p. 159)
97. =The Oak near the Scene of Absalom's Death= (p. 161)
98. =The Scene of Adonijah's Conspiracy= (pp. 162, 219)
* 99. =Site of Solomon's Palace and Temple= (pp. 164, 233, 260)
*100. =The Native Rock on the Temple Area= (p. 164)
101. =Shechem, Where the Hebrew Empire was Divided= (p. 166)
102. =Rock of Elijah's Altar on Mount Carmel= (p. 172)
*103. =A Shepherd with His Flock near Tekoa= (p. 177)
*104. =The Samaritan Passover on Mount Gerizim= (p. 181)
105. =The Samaritan High Priest and Pentateuch= (p. 181)
106. =Records of the Campaign of Shishak= (p. 182)
107. =The Pool of Siloam= (p. 185)
*108. =Mareshah and the Home of Micah= (pp. 186, 198, 217, 226)
*109. =Modern Anathoth from the Southest= (p. 189)
110. =The Jews' Wailing Place in Jerusalem= (p. 192)
111. =Assuan and the Island of Elephantine= (p. 195)
112. =Bazaars in Jerusalem= (p. 205)
*113. =Modein, the Home of Judas Maccabeus= (p. 211)
114. =Battle-field of Bethsura from the South= (pp. 214, 223)
*115. =The Ruins of Cæsarea= (pp. 233, 277)
*116. =Nazareth, Jesus' Home= (p. 239)
117. =Fountain of the Virgin at Nazareth= (p. 241)
*118. =Baptizing in the Jordan= (p. 243)
*119. =Site and Ruins of Capernaum= (p. 248)
*120. =The Fountain Tabighah and the Plain of Gennesaret= (p. 249)
*121. =Ruins of Chorazin= (p. 250)
*122. =Near the Site of Bethsaida= (p. 251)
123. =Mending Nets near Bethsaida= (p. 251)
*124. =Bethany, the Home of Jesus' Friends= (p. 259)
*125. =Pilgrims in Passion Week in the Temple Courts= (p. 260)
126. =The Traditional Garden of Gethsemane= (p. 261)
*127. =The New Calvary Outside the Damascus Gate= (p. 262)
128. =A Rock-hewn Tomb near Jeremiah's Grotto= (p. 263)
129. =Interior of the Rock-hewn Tomb= (p. 263)
130. =Jaffa, the Joppa of Biblical Times= (p. 265)
131. =Antioch in Galatia= (p. 270)
*132. =Iconium, Where Paul Labored= (p. 270)
133. =The Mound of Ancient Lystra= (p. 271)
134. =The Site of Derbe= (p. 271)
135. =The Harbor and Site of Troas= (p. 272)
*136. =Athens Old and New= (p. 274)
137. =The Isthmus of Corinth= (p. 275)
*138. =The Great Theatre of Ephesus= (p. 276)
139. =Ancient Roman Theater at Miletus= (p. 277)
140. =The Roman Forum and Colosseum= (p. 277)

INDEX OF NAMES AND PLACES

Abana, 55

Abarim, Mountains of the, 60

Abel-beth-Maacah, 161, 180

Abel-meholah, 175

Abner, 154

Aboda, 76

Absalom, 160, 161

Abu Shittim, 122

Accho or Acre, later Ptolamais, 28, 79, 81, 100, 208, 277

Achor, Valley of, 125, 144

Acra or Akra, 66-68, 210

Acre, Plain of, 23, 78

Actium, 232

Adam, 124, 125

Adasa, 219

Adonijah, 162

Adoraim, 42

Adullam, 41, 149, 150, 155

Ægean Sea, 9, 272

Ahab, 170-174

Ai, 125, 128, 129, 144, 205

'Ain el-Farah, 137

'Ain es-Sultan, 125

Ajalon, city of, 100, 205

Ajalon, Valley of, 25, 26, 40, 41, 80, 88, 129, 140, 182

Akaba, Gulf of, 14, 53

Akrabattine, 214

Alexander Janneus, 227

Alexander the Great, 207-209

Alexandra, 22

Alexandria, 82-84, 208

Alexandrium, 229, 230, 236

Altaku, see Eltekeh

Amalekites, 118, 145

Amanus Mountains, 82

Amathus, 230

Amenhotep IV., 88, 102, 130

Ammonites, 134, 136, 145, 158, 159, 186, 198, 215

Amorites, 91, 92

Amos, 18, 177, 178

Amurru, 92, 93

Anathoth, 189

Antioch in Galatia, 269-271

Antioch in Syria, 82, 209, 266, 267, 272

Antiochus Epiphanes, 210, 211, 213, 267

Antiochus the Great, 209

Anti-Lebanons, 13, 29, 55, 80, 90

Antipater, 228, 229

Apennines, 10

Aphek, east of the Sea of Galilee, 170, 171

Aphek, in Western Palestine, 140

Appian Way, 276

Ar, 121

Arabah, 53, 76, 78, 116, 120, 124

Arabia, 3, 7, 19, 164

Arabia, desert, 13, 15, 16, 81;
influence in Palestine, 17, 18, 123

Arad, 118, 183

Arameans, 158, 159, 169-171, 173-176, 183

Arbela, in Gilead, now Irbid, 175, 179, 238

Archelais, 236

Archelaus, 236

Aretas, 228

Aristobulus I, 226

Aristobulus II, 229, 230

Arnon, the river, 52, 61, 62, 121, 122, 133

Arvad, 100

Ashdod, 26, 100, 184, 185, 208, 214, 217, 223, 264

Asherites, 130, 131

Ashkelon, 25, 26, 100, 102, 208

Ashteroth-Karnaim, 216

Asia Minor, 8, 9, 78, 82, 207;
roads, 82-83;
Paul's work in, 269-272

Asochis, 30, 81

Asshur, 134

Assyria, 78, 93, 176, 177

Assyrians, in Galilee, 180;
capture of Samaria, 181;
Sennacherib's campaigns, 185-188

Athens, 274

Augustus, 232, 233, 236

Aulonia, 83

Azekah, 148

Baal-Hazor, 37

Baalath, 163

Babylonia, 6, 78, 81, 82, 181, 194, 197

Babylonian Influence, 90, 91

Bahurim, 160

Banias (Cæsarea Philippi), 47, 48, 81, 209

Barak, 131

Barley Vale. See Wady esh-Shair

Barnabas, 269-272

Bashan, 123

Beersheba, 43, 78, 80, 117, 118

Beirut, 78, 100

Beisan. See Bethshean

Beit-Jibrin, 42, 186

Beit-Rima. See Ramah of Samuel

Beni-Hassan, 108

Berœa, 273, 274

Beth-abara, 243

Bethany, 39, 261, 262

----, beyond Jordan, 243

Beth-basi, 222

Bethel, 75, 100, 129, 144, 177, 178, 205, 223

Beth-horon, pass of, 36, 80, 140, 144, 145, 212

Beth-horons, Upper and Lower, 25, 41, 100, 163, 183, 205, 223

Bethlehem, 38, 41, 127, 147-149, 155

Beth-nimrah, 243

Bethsaida, 238, 251, 262, 254, 257, 264

Bethshean, later Scythopolis, now Beisan, 33, 49-51, 80, 81, 101,
129, 152, 229, 238

Beth-shemesh, 139-141

Bethzur or Bethsura, 41, 80, 128, 198, 214, 218, 223

Beth-zacherias, 80, 217, 218

Bezek, 127

Bithron, 154

Bitter Lakes, 76

Bosor, 216

Bozrahor Bosra, 78, 215

Brook of Egypt, 42

Brundusium, 83

Buttauf, 30, 237

Byblos, 100

Cæsarea, 24, 233, 267, 275, 277

---- Philippi, 47, 237, 238, 257

Calebites, 119

Callirrhöe, 52

Camp of Dan, 139

Canaan, the name, 13;
land, 129

Canaanite cities, 32, 126, 127, 129

Canaanites, 13, 18, 25, 128, 132-135

Capernaum, 247-250, 252, 253, 264

Caphersalama, 219

Cappadocia, 103

Carchemish, 80, 190

Carmel, Mount, 17, 21, 25, 29, 31-33, 35, 36, 38, 78, 79, 100, 172;
physical characteristics, 23, 24

Carmel in Judah, 38, 150

Casphor in Eastern Palestine, 216

Cayster River, 82

Chaldeans, 190-192, 194

Chebar River, 197

Chinnereth. See Sea of Galilee

Chorazin, 250, 251, 254, 264

Cilician Gates or Pass, 82, 266

Coast Plains, physical characteristics of, 21-26

Colossæ, 82, 276

Constantinople, 82

Corinth, 83, 274, 275

Corner Gate, 203

Court of the Gentiles, 261

Court of the Women, 261

Crete, 84, 277

Crocodile River, 24

Cyprus, 269

Cyrus, 199, 269

Damascus, roads to, 10, 33, 55, 77-81, 120;
situation, 160;
history, 170, 175, 185, 229

Damascus Gate, 65

Damieh ford, 51, 125, 137

Dan, city of, 22, 47, 81, 130, 134

Danites, 130, 131

Dathema, 215

David, home, 147;
early exploits, 147-153;
king of Judah, 153-156;
rule over united Israel, 157-161

Dead Sea, 13-15, 39, 40, 59-62, 76, 77, 127, 177;
names, 51

Dead Sea Valley, 13, 16, 34;
physical characteristics, 45-54

Debir, 128

Deborah, 131

Decapolis, the, 238, 254, 256

Derbe, 82, 271, 272

Dibon, 77

Dium, 238

Dog River, 78

Dor or Adora, 100, 129, 226

Dothan, Plain of, 33, 35, 79

Druse Mountains or Jebel Hauran, 55, 56, 58

Duma or Dumat-el-Jandel, 78

East-Jordan land, 14, 78;
physical characteristics, 55-63

East-Jordan tribes, 133-135

Edom, 14, 120, 183, 186

Edomites, 159, 183, 184, 198

Edrei, 78

Egypt, 4, 94, 108-112, 185, 194-196;
roads from, 75, 76;
history, 190, 207

Egyptian influence in Palestine, 26, 92, 93

Egyptian rule in Palestine, 97-102

Ehud, 131

Ekron, 26, 75, 140

Elah, Valley of, 41, 42, 140, 147, 148, 214, 218

Elasa, 220

Elath, 76, 116, 117, 120, 184

Elephantine, 195, 196

Eleutheropolis. See Beit-jibrin

Eleutherus River, 22

El-Hammad, 58

El-Hammeh, 46

Elijah, the Tishbite, 171-173

Elim, 116

Elisha, 175

Elisha, Fountain of, 60

El-Jib. See Gibeah

El-Kuneitra, 79

El-Leddan, 47

El-Lejah, 56, 78

El-Lisan, 53, 62

Eltekeh, 100

Emmaus, Amwas in Shephelah, 213

Engannim, 33

Engedi, 39, 53

En-rogel, 162

Ephesus, 82, 83, 266, 272, 275, 276

Ephraim Gate, 204

Ephraim, tribe of, 128-130, 134, 136

Ephron, 219

Esdraelon, Plain of, 15, 23, 28, 30, 35-37, 79, 81, 129, 134, 145;
physical characteristics, 31-33

Eshtaol, 139

Essenes, 243

Etam, Cliff of, 139

Ethiopians, 3, 5

Euphrates, 3, 80-82

Ezekiel, 38, 193, 197

Ez-Zumleh, 58

Ferata. See Pharathon

Fish Gate, 203

Fords of Jordan, 51

Forest Hill, 197

Fuller's Field, 162

Gabinius, 230

Gadara, 174, 175, 208, 230, 238, 254, 255

Gadites, 134

Galatia, 270-272

Galilee, name, 27;
physical characteristics of the central plateau, 27-31;
Upper Galilee, 28-30, 180;
Lower Galilee, 30, 31;
history, 226, 230, 231, 237-241, 258, 264

Gamaliel, 267, 268

Gate of the Guard, 205

Gath, 100, 140, 150, 151, 184-186

Gath-heper, 176

Gaza, 26, 76, 100, 140, 207, 208, 265

Gazara. See Gezer

Geba, 36, 144, 145, 183

Gedaliah, 192

Gennesaret, Lake of, 28, 33

----, Plain of, 49, 249, 250, 252

Geology of Palestine, 14, 15;
of Jerusalem, 68

Gerasa, 59, 208, 238

Gerasenes, 255

Gerizim. See Mount Gerizim

Gethsemane, Garden of, 261

Gezer or Gazara, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 129, 155, 162, 163,
188, 213, 219, 223, 224

Ghör, the, 184

Ghör-es Safieh, 53

Gibbethon, 170

Gibeah of Saul, 75, 142-145

Gibeon, 80, 129, 154, 156, 164, 183, 198

Gideon, 33, 136-138

Gihon, 162

Gilead, 15, 16, 29, 33, 81, 123, 136, 160, 174, 180, 215-217;
hills, 36, 160;
heights, 49, 55, 124;
physical characteristics, 58, 59

Gilgal in Ephraim, 141-144, 177, 220

Golgotha, 262

Goliath, 148, 149

Gophna, 80

Goshen, 108

Great Sea (Mediterranean), 23, 24

Greece, 9, 10, 84

Greek cities, 208-210, 232

Greek culture, 10, 207-209

Greeks, 18, 23, 108

Grotto of Jeremiah, 262

Habiri, 102, 103, 106, 107

Hachilah, 150

Haifa, 81

Hamath, 80, 176, 181

Hammurabi, 91, 92, 106

Hanathon, 100

Harod, spring of, 173

Harran, 81

Hasbany, 47

Hattin, Horns of, 253

Hauran, 29, 36, 56, 78;
physical characteristics, 58

Hazor, 29, 163, 180.

Hebron, 38, 41, 42, 76, 128, 150, 153, 154, 160, 198, 217

Hellas, 10, 207

Hellespont, 82

Hermon, 13, 22, 29, 36, 55, 81, 130, 159;
physical characteristics, 46, 47

Herod Antipas, 237, 244, 245, 251, 254, 257, 258

Herod the Great, 231-241, 269

Herodias, 244

Herodium, 233

Herod's temple, 233, 234

Heshbon or Hesbân, 77, 122

Hezekiah, 186, 187

Hinnom, Valley of, 38, 65-69, 185

Hippos, 208, 238, 254

Hittites, 103, 104

Hormah, 128

Huleh, Lake, 29, 47, 48, 79

Hyksos, 5, 93, 94, 97

Hyrcanus, the high priest, 227-232

Ibleam, 79, 80, 129

Iconium, 82, 270-272

Idumea, 228, 230, 236

Idumeans, 214, 217, 226

Ijon, 180

Irbid. See Arbela

Isaiah, 184, 185, 187

Ishbaal, 153-155

Israel, history of Northern, 168-181;
of Southern, 182-193

Issachar, 134

Issus, 207

Italy, 10, 11, 83

Jabbok, 49, 50, 51, 59, 123-125, 134, 137, 159, 161

Jabesh-Gilead, 143, 153

Jabneh, 184

Jaffa. See Joppa

Jahaz, 121

Jalud, Brook. See Nahr Jalûd

Jamnia, 214

Janoah, 180

Jaulan, 56-58

Jebel Attarus, 61

Jebel Hauran. See Druze Mountains

Jebel Jermak, 29

Jebel Mûsa, 116

Jebel Osha, 59, 178, 179

Jebel Shihan, 61

Jebel Usdum, 54

Jebus, 155, 157

Jehu, 175, 176

Jephthah, 136

Jerash. See Gerasa

Jeremiah, 188-195

Jericho, 36, 50, 51, 81, 92, 122, 125-128, 199, 223, 230, 236, 256, 259

Jeroboam II, 176

Jerusalem, 38, 39, 41, 42, 80, 127;
situation, 64-68;
geological formation, 68, 69;
strength, 69, 70;
history, 100, 102, 129, 157, 184, 186-193;
rebuilding wall under Nehemiah, 201-205;
Maccabean period, 217-224;
days of Jesus, 259-264;
of early church, 265-267, 272, 277

Jesus, home, 238-241;
training, 241-246;
ministry, 247-261;
death, 261-263

Jethro, 115

Jezreel, city of, 79, 173

----, plain of, 31-33, 35, 49, 50, 81, 152

Jiljilia, 143

Job's Well, 69, 162

Jogbehah, 138, 139

John Hyrcanus, 225, 226

John the Baptist, 242-245

Jonah, 176

Jonathan, the Maccabean leader, 222-224

Joppa, 17, 22, 24, 25, 37, 40, 41, 80, 104, 208, 223, 231, 265-267

Jordan, the, 13-17, 29-39, 124-126, 134

Jordan Valley, 15, 16, 81, 243;
physical characteristics, 45-54

Joseph of Arimathea, 263

Josephus, 24, 28, 30, 149, 229, 249, 255, 258

Josiah, 189, 190

Judah, hills of, 16;
physical characteristics, 38-44;
contrasted with Samaria, 43, 44;
land of, 78;
tribe of, 134;
history after exile, 198-201

Judahites, 128

Judas Maccabeus, 211-221

Judea, 230-236

Julius Cæsar, 231, 275

Kadesh-barnea, 117, 118, 120

Kadesh on the Orontes, 94, 100, 103

Kanah, Brook, 37

Kanata, 235

Kanatha, 238

Kapitolias, 238

Karnak, 88

Kassites, 93

Kedesh in Galilee, 100, 180

Keilah, 41, 149, 198

Kenites, 128, 133

Kenizzites, 119

Kerak in Moab, 77

Kerak on Sea of Galilee, 254

Kersa or Kursi, 255

Khan Minyeh, 81, 247-250, 252

Khurbet Minyeh, 248

Kidron, 224

Kidron Valley, 64, 65, 127, 204, 205

King's Garden, 204

King's Pool, 204

Kirjath-jearim, 141, 157, 163

Kishon, 32, 132-134, 165

Korea, 229

Kutha, 181

Kybistra, 82

Lachish, 88, 103, 187

Ladder of Tyre, 21, 22, 78

Laish, 22, 47, 130

Laodicea, 82, 276

Lebanons, 13, 14, 28-30, 51, 55, 80, 90

Litany, 22, 29

Little Hermon, 31, 152

Lubieh, 79

Lydda, 205, 265

Lysias, 213, 214

Lystra, 271, 272

Maan, 121

Machærus, 54, 230, 244, 245

Machir, 134

Mæander River, 82

Magdala, 253

Mahanaim, 153, 154, 161

Maked, 216

Malta, 276

Mamre, Plain of, 42

Manasseh, 128, 134

Maon, 38, 150

Mareshah, later Marissa, 198, 217, 226

Mariamne, 234

Mars Hill, 274

Masada, 54, 128

Mecca, 120, 121

Medeba, 77, 226

Mediterranean (or Great Sea), 3, 4, 6, 11, 31, 32, 82-84

Megiddo, 33, 79, 97-103, 129, 131, 132, 151, 163, 172

Memphis, 195, 231

Menzaleh, Lake, 76, 114

Merj Ayun, 80, 180

Merneptah, 107, 111

Mesha and the Moabite Stone, 122, 134

Mesopotamia, 81, 93

Micah, 186, 187

Michmash, town, 36, 81, 125, 140, 142, 161, 222

----, pass, 144, 145

Midianites, 33, 115, 116, 136, 137

Migdol, 194

Miletus, 276

Millo, 157

Mitanni, 93

Mizpeh or Neby Samwil, 38, 183, 192, 198, 213

Mizpeh of Gilead, 216

Moab, 15, 16, 40, 77, 78, 120-122, 186;
physical characteristics, 60-62

Moabites, 131, 133, 158

Modein, 176, 205, 210-212, 220

Moreh, Hill of, 30, 31

Moresheth-Gath, 186

Moses, 111, 113

Mosque of Omar, 164

Mount Ebal, 35, 36, 72

Mount Gerizim, 35-37, 80, 167, 226

Mount Gilboa, 31, 32, 35, 152, 153

Mount Hermon. See Hermon

Mount of Olives, 260, 261

Mount Seir, 62, 115, 116, 120

Mount Tabor, 30, 31, 79, 231

Mycenæ, 9, 93

Nabateans, 198, 231

Nablus (Shechem), 36, 167, 168

Nahaliel, 121

Nahr Bareighit, 47

Nahr ed-Damur, 22

Nahr el-Allân, 56, 57

Nahr el-Auwali, 22

Nahr el-Kisimiyeh, 22

Nahr er-Rukkad, 57

Nahr Jalûd, 31, 35, 49

Naphtali, 131, 134

Nazareth, 30, 238-241, 255, 256

Neapolis, 272, 273

Nebo, Mount, 61, 124

Nebuchadrezzar, 191, 192

Neby Samwil. See Mizpah

Necho, 190

Negeb, the, See South Country

Nehemiah, 200-205

Netophah, 199

Nicæa, 82

Nile, Valley of, 4, 5;
River, 14, 108, 112;
Delta, 76, 104, 108, 109

Nineveh, 81

Nippur, 197

Nob, 148, 149

Og, King of Bashan, 123

Omri, 71, 170

Ono, 205

Ophel, hill of, 65-67, 157, 162, 164, 204

Ophir, 164

Ophrah of Gideon, 137, 139

Ophrah in Ephraim, 144

Orontes, 90

Palatine Hill, 11

Palestine, physical characteristics, 7, 8, 13-20;
geology, 14;
coast plains, 21-26;
Galilee, 27-31;
Plain of Esdraelon, 31-33;
Samaria, 34-38;
Judah, 38-44;
Jordan and Dead Sea Valley, 45-54;
East-Jordan, 55-63;
early, 87-96;
under the rule of Egypt, 97-105;
Greek influence in, 208-210;
under Rome, 228-232

Palmyra, 81

Paphos, 269

Parthians, 228, 232

Paul, 266-277

Peleset, 104

Pella, 51, 83, 208, 238

Pelusium, 231

Penuel, 137, 138

Perea, 237

Pergamus, 82

Persia, 213

Peter, 265, 266

Petra, 76, 77, 95, 116, 184, 228

Pharathon, 223

Pharisees, 218, 229

Pharsalia, 231

Philadelphia. See Rabbath-Ammon

Philistia, 78, 139

Philistine Plain, physical characteristics, 25, 41;
evidence of Egyptian influence, 92

Philistines, 104, 130, 144, 145, 150-156

Philip the Evangelist, 265

Philip the Tetrarch, 237, 238

Philippi, 82, 83, 272-274

Phœnicia, 13, 22, 78, 93, 256, 272

Phœnicians, as mariners, 17;
home, 22, 23;
as conquerors, 23, 58;
civilization of, 91

Pilate, 262

Pilgrim Ford, 51

Pithom, 110

Pompey, 228-231

Pools of Solomon, 38, 69, 204

Ptolemais. See Accho or Acre

Ptolemies, 209

Puteoli, 83, 276

Rabbath-Ammon, 77, 158, 159, 208

Railway from Haifa to Damascus, 254

----, Damascus to Mecca, 121

Ramah (Beit Rima), in Mount Ephraim, 141, 142

Ramoth-Gilead, 174, 175

Ramses II, 103, 107-111

Ramses III, 104

Raphana, 238

Raphia, 76

Raphon, 218

Ras el-Abjad, 23

Ras en-Nakurah, 23

Red Sea, 7, 76, 113, 115, 116

Rehoboth, 118

Remtheh, 174, 215

Rephaim, Valley of, 41, 155, 156, 165

Reubenites, 131, 133

Riblah, 80, 192

Roads, coast road, 25, 26, 33, 78;
from Egypt to Damascus, 25, 81;
character, 73-75;
from Egypt, 75, 76;
through Moab, 77;
great desert highway, 77, 78;
"Way of the Sea," 79-80;
along the Jordan, 81;
in Asia Minor, 82, 83;
to Rome, 83, 84;
from Nazareth to Jerusalem, 241, 242

Rome, 11, 83, 228-232, 276, 277

Safed, 29

Salamis, 269

Salt Hill, 197

Samaria, 15, 29;
physical characteristics, 34-38;
contrasted with Judah, 43, 44;
in Roman period, 258, 272

Samaria, city of, 35, 79, 80;
name, 70, 71;
situation, 71;
strength, 71, 72;
history, 170, 226, 233, 236, 265

Samaritans, 181, 198, 226

Samson, 139, 140

Samuel, 141-143, 258

Sanhedrin, 236, 261

Sardis, 82

Sarepta, 256

Sargon, 87

Saul, 141-156

Scopus, 149

Scythians, 189, 190

Scythopolis. See Bethshean

Sea of Galilee, 28, 46, 48-50

Sebaste. See Samaria

Sela, 183

Seleucidean Rule, 56, 57, 79, 81, 168

Semakh, 252

Sennacherib's campaigns, 185-188

Sepphoris, 230, 237

Shalmaneser II, 177

Shaphir, 186

Sharon, Plain of, 15, 33, 35, 79, 80, 81, 151;
physical characteristics, 24, 25

Sharuhen, 93, 183

Shashu, 93

Shechem, 35, 37, 71, 79, 80, 81, 100, 166, 226

Sheep Gate, 202

Shephelah, the, 26, 39, 41, 80

Shiloh, 37, 141-143

Shishak, 170, 182, 184

Shittim, Valley of, 124

Shobek, 77

Shunem, 101, 151

Sidon, 23, 24, 100, 256

Sihon, 121, 122

Silas, 272, 273

Siloam, Pool of, 66, 68, 69, 162

Simeonites, 128, 134

Simon, the Maccabean, 224, 225

Sinai, 115, 116

Sippar, 81, 181

Smyrna, 82

Socho, 82

Solomon, 162-166

Solomon's Porch, 260, 261, 264

Son of Man, belief in the coming of, 235

Sorek, Valley of, 41, 42, 75, 130

South Country, 15, 16, 78, 108, 119, 128, 139, 140, 155, 183;
physical characteristics, 42, 43

Spain, 276

Stephen, 264, 265

Strabo, 24

Succoth, 137, 138

Suez Canal, 114

Susa, 201

Syene, 195

Syria, physical characteristics, 7, 14;
southern, 13; central, 17, 94;
northern, 45, 78, 169;
Semitic invasions, 89;
peoples of, 93

Syrian Gates, 82

Taanach, 94, 95, 101, 102, 129, 132

Tabighah Fountain, 249, 250

Tabor. See Mount Tabor

Tahpanhes, 194-196

Taiyibeh. See Tob

Talmud, 29

Tamar, 163

Tamyras, 22

Tarichea, 254

Tarshish, 3

Tarsus, 82, 266, 267

Taru, 76

Taurus Mountains, 82, 266

Tekoa, 177, 178

Tell Abib, 197

Tell Abu Neda, 57

Tell Defenneh, 194

Tell Deir Alla. See Succoth

Tell el-Amarna Letters, 13, 88, 102, 107, 163

Tell el-Faras, 57

Tell el-Hesey. See Lachish

Tell el-Kadi, 47

Tell el-Kasis, 31

Tell el-Maskhutah, 110

Tell el-Mutesellim, 98

Tell es-Safi, 140

Tell es-Sandahannah, 187

Tell Hum, 247, 248

Tell Nimrin, 243

Tell Oreimeh, 248, 250

Tema, Oasis of, 28

Tephon, 223

Thebez, 80, 138

Thessalonica, 83, 273-275

Thotmose III, 33, 89, 97, 99, 100, 140

Tiber, 11

Tiberias, 46, 237, 254

Tiglath-pileser I, 176

Tiglath-pileser IV, 177, 180, 185

Tigris-Euphrates Valley, 5-7, 90, 93

Tigris River, 3

Tîh, Desert of, 43

Timnath, 140, 205, 223

Timsah, Lake, 108, 110, 113, 114

Tirzah, 169

Tishbe, 172

Tob, the land of, 136

Tower of the Furnaces, 204

Troas, 82, 272, 277

Tyre, city, 17, 22, 23, 100, 186, 207, 256, 276;
plain of, 22, 23

Tyropœon Valley, 65-69, 157, 185, 203, 204

Uzziah, 183, 184

Valley Gate, 203

Valley of Salt, 159, 183

Via Egnatia, 83

Virgin's Spring or Fount, 64, 162, 204

Wady 'Ain 'Arîk, 36

---- 'Ajlun Amud, 28

---- 'Ali, 41, 213

---- Arabah, 14

---- Arah, 33, 79

---- Deir Ballut, 37

---- el-Arish, 42

---- el-Bireh, 30

---- el-Fôkâ, 76

---- el-Ghurab, 41

---- el-Hesy, 187

---- el-Ifzim, 35

---- el-Jazâir, 42

---- el-Jindy, 41, 53

---- el-Kefrein, 50, 124

---- el-Kerak, 50, 124

---- en-Nagil, 41

---- esh-Shair (Barley Vale), 35, 37, 71, 79, 81

---- es-Sufeiy, 121

---- es Sunt. See Valley of Sorek

---- es-Sur, 41, 80, 149, 218

---- es Suweinit, 36, 81, 144, 145

---- et-Tuffah, 28

---- ez-Zerka, 37

---- Farah, 35, 49, 50, 229

---- Fejjas, 30

---- Heshbân, 59, 124

---- Jib, 37

---- Kelt, 36, 50, 51, 125, 127, 167, 258

---- Malakeh, 36, 37, 211

---- Mûsa, 62, 116

---- Nimrin, 50, 51, 59, 124

---- Sheba, 43

---- Tumilat, 76, 108-110, 113

---- Waleh, 61

---- Zerka Ma'in, 46, 52, 61

Waheb, 121

Water City of Ammonites, 159

Water Gate, 204

White Promontory, 23

Wilderness of Judea, 39, 40, 64, 81, 127, 160

Yarmuk River, 46, 49, 57, 78, 123, 134

Zaanan, 187

Zaherâni, 22

Zanoah, 199

Zarephath, 172

Zarethan, 124

Zebulun, 134

Zechariah, 199, 200

Zephaniah, 188, 190

Zephathah, Valley of, 141, 186, 217

Zeredah, 168

Zerin, 31, 173

Zerubbabel, 200

Zigazig, 109

Ziklag, 151

Ziph, 150

Zor, 50

Zorah, 139

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).

Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals.

The carat character (^) indicates that the following number or numbers enclosed within brackets are superscripted--example: ^(12).

Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error.

Page 281: "Archbold, _Under the Syrian Sun ..." should read "Inchbold".