Chapter XI: Afterword

The great psychologist, William James, preached the doctrine that it was immoral to have emotions that did not bear fruit in action,--a doctrine that many educators and teachers are putting into practice nowadays.

Music, art, noble architecture, poetry, fine prose, the drama, and the beauties of nature, all of which arouse the emotion of joy and minister to our higher natures, were formerly sought as means of self-development or culture--one of the great ends to be attained in life. Excessive cultivation of one's self is now regarded by broad-minded people as a refined form of selfishness (often intellectual snobbishness), unless with it there exists a sense of responsibility and an attempt to assist in making possible by some form of activity a more nearly universal sharing of these pure forms of pleasure.

The conservation of forests, the preservation of scenic wonders, of wild flowers, of native animals and birds for the enjoyment of all, has become the aim of a great movement throughout the country. It is well known that the fine balance of nature is maintained by birds, and that upon them depend in large measure the preservation of forests, parks, gardens, orchards, and farms.

As they are so truly our benefactors and furnish us with so much genuine enjoyment and absorbing interest, we are under obligation to repay their services to us by some form of service to them, which will minister also to the well-being of our communities. The formation of Audubon Societies, the spreading of knowledge by means of bird-books, illustrated bird-lectures, and the invaluable bulletins easily obtainable at the Government Printing Office, Washington; the erection of bird-houses and baths, and of feeding-tables for the winter; the furthering of wise legislation regarding bird-protection and the supplying of bird-wardens in some localities to help carry out the laws; intelligent and humane regulations to prevent the depredations of cats; the creation, wherever possible, of bird-sanctuaries and preserves, and the planting of trees and shrubs which will attract birds are a few of the ways in which we may make practical our interest in birds and add to the well-being of our land.

THE END

FOOTNOTES

[1]Used with the permission of the Houghton, Mifflin Co., the authorized
publishers.

[2]The above lists of Winter Residents and Visitors near New York City
is taken from Dr. Frank M. Chapman's pamphlet, "The Birds of the
Vicinity of New York City," a reprint from the "American Museum
Journal" of the American Museum of Natural History. The lists and
dates are used with the permission of Dr. R. C. Murphy, Acting
Director of the American Museum of Natural History, and of D.
Appleton & Co., Dr. Chapman's authorized publishers.

[3]From "Notes on New England Birds," by Henry D. Thoreau.

[4]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Biological Survey.

[5]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[6]From "Birds of New England," by Wilson Flagg.

[7]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[8]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[9]From "Birds of a Maryland Farm," by Sylvester D. Judd--Bulletin No.
17, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Biological Survey.

[10]From W. L. McAtee; Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S.
Department of Agriculture.

[11]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[12]William Dutcher, Former President of the National Association of
Audubon Societies; Educational Leaflet No. 18.

[13]From "Notes on New England Birds," H. D. Thoreau, page 421.

[14]From Eaton's "Birds of New York," page 255.

[15]Educational Leaflet No. 35, National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[16]Used with permission of the Houghton Mifflin Co., the authorized
publishers.

[17]Farmers' Bulletin 506, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[18]"Useful Birds and Their Protection, " by E. H. Forbush.

[19]From "Notes on New England Birds," H. D. Thoreau, page 278.

[20]From "The Relation of Sparrows to Agriculture," by Sylvester D.
Judd, Bulletin No. 15, Biological Survey.

[21]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[22]Bulletin No. 15, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological Survey.

[23]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 328.

[24]Bulletin No. 21, Bureau of Biological Survey, U.S. Department of
Agriculture.

[25]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[26]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[27]"Useful Birds and Their Protection, " by E. H. Forbush, page 210.

[28]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[29]Educational Leaflet No. 61, National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[30]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 166.

[31]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages 161,
162, 163.

[32]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages 161,
162, 163.

[33]From Witmer Stone in Educational Leaflet No. 50, National
Association of Audubon Societies.

[34]Farmers' Bulletin 755, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[35]From Witmer Stone, in Educational Leaflet No. 50, National
Association of Audubon Societies.

[36]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[37]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[38]Bulletin No. 37, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological Survey.

[39]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages
245, 246, 252, 253.

[40]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, pages 259 & 260.

[41]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman.

[42]Educational Leaflet No. 59.

[43]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of
Biological Survey.

[44]Educational Leaflet No. 59, National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[45]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman.

[46]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pp. 65
and 17.

[47]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page
370.

[48]Farmers' Bulletin 506, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[49]From "Under the Maples," by John Burroughs, p. 55.

[50]Prof. D. Treadwell.

[51]Mr. Chas. W. Nash.

[52]Farmers' Bulletin 630.

[53]From Olive Thorne Miller's "First Book of Birds."

[54]From "Birds of Village and Field," by Florence Merriam.

[55]Used with permission of the Houghton Mifflin Co., the authorized
publishers.

[56]Used with permission of the Houghton Mifflin Co., the authorized
publishers.

[57]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[58]"Notes on New England Birds," Thoreau, p. 311.

[59]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[60]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[61]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman.

[62]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[63]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[64]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[65]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page 320.

[66]From Educational Leaflet No. 3, National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[67]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

[68]Written by Coleridge about the European skylark, but applicable to
our meadowlark.

[69]Farmers' Bulletin 630 and 755, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Biological Survey.

[70]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman.

[71]From "Early Spring in Massachusetts," by H. D. Thoreau, pages 160
and 161.

[72]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[73]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages
261 and 262.

[74]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological
Survey, H. W. Henshaw.

[75]Bulletin No. 37, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological Survey.

[76]The Auk, IV, 194, 195, 1887. O. P. Hay.

[77]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman, used
with permission of D. Appleton & Co.

[78]Farmers' Bulletin 506, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[79]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[80]"Birds of a Maryland Farm," by Sylvester D. Judd--Bulletin 17,
Biological Survey.

[81]Farmers' Bulletin 506, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[82]Bulletin No. 37, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological Survey.

[83]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 324.

[84]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[85]"Life Histories of North American Birds,"--Maj. Chas. Bendire.

[86]Educational Leaflet No. 19, National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[87]From "The Home Life of Wild Birds," by Francis H. Herrick. Used with
the permission of the author, and of his publishers, G. P. Putnam &
Co.

[88]From "Useful Birds and their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[89]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[90]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[91]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[92]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[93]Used with permission of the Houghton Mifflin Co., the authorized
publishers.

[94]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page
348.

[95]Educational Leaflet No. 13, of the National Association of Audubon
Societies.

[96]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page
346.

[97]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 343.

[98]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[99]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[100]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey.

[101]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 342.

[102]From "The Home Life of Wild Birds," by Francis H. Herrick; used
with the permission of the author and his publisher, the G. P.
Putnam's Sons.

[103]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, p. 241.

[104]"Life Histories of North American Birds," Maj. Chas. Bendire.

[105]Farmers' Bulletin 506, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[106]From "Notes on New England Birds," by H. D. Thoreau.

[107]From "Under The Maples," by John Burroughs.

[108]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[109]Farmers' Bulletin 513, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[110]Farmers' Bulletin 513, Biological Survey, Dr. Henry W. Henshaw.

[111]From "Notes on New England Birds," by Thoreau, page 246.

[112]Farmers' Bulletin 630, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[113]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[114]From "Under The Maples," by John Burroughs; page 42.

[115]From "Under the Maples," by John Burroughs, page 66.

[116]From "Notes on New England Birds," by H. D. Thoreau, p. 361.

[117]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[118]From "Under the Maples," by John Burroughs, p. 67.

[119]From "Notes on New England Birds," Thoreau, p. 361.

[120]From "Birds of New England," by Wilson Flagg, used by special
arrangement with the Page Co., Boston.

[121]Farmers' Bulletin 513, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[122]From Farmers' Bulletin 755, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Biological
Survey.

[123]From "Under the Maples," by John Burroughs, pages 87 & 88.

[124]Farmers' Bulletin 755, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[125]From "Life Histories of North American Birds," by Major Charles
Bendire.

[126]Farmers' Bulletin 630, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.

[127]Biological Survey Bulletin, No. 326, "Birds of Porto Rico," by
Alex. Wetmore.

[128]From "Life Histories of North American Birds," by Major Charles
Bendire.

[129]From "The Whole Year Round," by Dallas Lore Sharp.

[130]From Wilson Flagg's "Birds of New England," used with permission of
The Page Co., Boston.

[131]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, p. 205.

[132]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, p. 205.

[133]From "Under the Maples," by John Burroughs, p. 99.

[134]From "Birds of Eastern North America," by Frank M. Chapman.

[135]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, p. 208.

[136]From "Our Greatest Travelers," by Wells W. Cooke, of the Biological
Survey.

[137]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages
185 and 186.

[138]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush.

[139]From "The Oven-Bird," by Frank Bolles.

[140]From Eaton's "Birds of New York," page 383.

[141]"Our Greatest Travelers," by Wells W. Cooke, of the Biological
Survey.

[142]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush, page 202.

[143]Farmers' Bulletin, Biological Survey, Henry W. Henshaw.

[144]From Eaton's "Birds of New York," pages 408, 409, 410.

[145]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages 196
and 198.

[146]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, pages 196
and 198.

[147]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page
102.

[148]From "Birds of New York," page 421.

[149]From "Useful Birds and Their Protection," E. H. Forbush.

[150]"Birds of New York," Eaton.

[151]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[152]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[153]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[154]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[155]James P. Chapin.

[156]From Eaton's "Birds of New York."

[157]"Useful Birds and Their Protection," by E. H. Forbush, page 193.

[158]Bulletin 280, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey.

INDEX

B
PAGE
Blackbird (Crow) 114
Blackbird (Red-winged) 118
Blackbird (Rusty) 120
Blackbird (Yellow-headed) 120
Bluebird 102
Blue Jay 6
Bobolink 212
Bobwhite 38
Bobwhite (Florida) 38
Brown Creeper 78

C
Canary (Wild) 217
Cardinal 19
Catbird 220
Cedar-bird 47
Charee 161
Chat (Yellow-breasted) 274
Chebec 234
Cherry-bird 47
Chewink 161
Chickadee (Acadian) 54
Chickadee (Black-capped) 53
Chickadee (Carolina) 53
Chickadee (Florida) 53
Chippy (Winter) 34
Chuck-Will's-Widow 185
Cowbird 121
Creeper (Brown) 78
Creeper (Black and White) 260
Crossbill (American or Red) 14
Crossbill (White-winged) 26
Crow (American) 14
Crow (Fish) 17
Crow (Florida) 17
Cuckoo (Black-billed) 231
Cuckoo (Yellow-billed) 231

D
Dove (Mourning) 141

F
Finch (House) 159
Finch (Purple) 161
Flicker (Northern) 127
Flicker (Southern) 128
Flicker (Red-shafted) 128
Flycatcher (Crested) 239
Flycatcher (Least) 234
Flycatcher (Olive-sided) 240

G
Gnatcatcher (Blue-gray) 246
Goldfinch 216
Grackle (Boat-tailed) 117
Grackle (Bronzed) 116
Grackle (Florida) 117
Grackle (Purple) 114
Grosbeak (Blue) 209
Grosbeak (Black-headed) 211
Grosbeak (Cardinal) 19
Grosbeak (Evening) 210
Grosbeak (Pine) 22
Grosbeak (Rose-breasted) 207
Grouse (Ruffed) 44

H
House Wren 190
Hummingbird 192

I
Indigo-bird 196
Indigo Bunting 196

J
Jay (Blue) 6
Jay (California) 10
Jay (Canada) 11
Jay (Florida) 9
Jay (Florida Blue) 9
Jay (Steller) 10
Junco (Carolina) 28
Junco (Slate-colored) 27

K
Kingbird 235
Kingbird (Gray) 237
Kingfisher (Belted) 144
Kinglet (Golden-crowned) 57
Kinglet (Ruby-crowned) 245

L
Lark (Field or Old Field) 123
Lark (Horned) 91
Lark (Southern) 124
Lark (Western) 124
Linnet 159

M
Martin (Purple) 175
Meadowlark 123
Mockingbird 227
Mockingbird (Western) 228

N
Nighthawk 187
Nightingale (Virginia) 19
Nuthatch (Red-breasted) 77
Nuthatch (White-breasted) 73

O
Oriole (Baltimore) 193
Oriole (Orchard) 202
Oven-bird 257

P
Pewee (Wood) 242
Phoebe 111
Phoebe (Black) 113
Poor-will 185

Q
Quail 38
Quail (California) 38

R
Raven (Northern) 17
Redbird 19
Redpoll 37
Redstart 265
Robin (American) 96
Robin (English) 99
Robin (Ground) 161

S
Sapsucker (Red-breasted) 139
Sapsucker (Red-naped) 139
Sapsucker (Williamson) 139
Sapsucker (Yellow-bellied) 136
Shrike (Loggerhead) 84
Shrike (Migrant) 84
Shrike (Northern) 84
Siskin (Pine) 37
Snowbird (Brown) 30
Snowbird (Gray) 27
Snowbird (Slate-colored) 27
Snow Bunting 30
Snowflake 30
Sparrow (Chipping) 151
Sparrow (Field) 147
Sparrow (Fox) 109
Sparrow (Song) 106
Sparrow (Tree) 34
Sparrow (Vesper) 149
Sparrow (White-crowned) 156
Sparrow (White-throated) 154
Starling 30
Swallow (Bank) 178
Swallow (Barn) 172
Swallow (Cliff) 177
Swallow (Eave) 177
Swallow (Rough-winged) 179
Swallow (Tree) 169
Swift (Chimney) 180

T
Tanager (Scarlet) 204
Tanager (Summer) 205
Tanager (Western) 205
Thrasher (Brown) 224
Thrush (Bicknell's) 286
Thrush (Brown) 224
Thrush (Golden-crowned) 257
Thrush (Gray-cheeked) 286
Thrush (Hermit) 288
Thrush (Olive-backed) 286
Thrush (Russet-backed) 284
Thrush (Water) (Louisiana) 259
Thrush (Water) (Northern) 258
Thrush (Wilson's) 287
Thrush (Wood) 285
Titmouse (Black-capped) 53
Titmouse (Tufted) 51
Tomtit 51
Towhee 161
Towhee (White-eyed) 161

V
Veery 287
Vireo (Red-eyed) 257
Vireo (Warbling) 250
Vireo (White-eyed) 251
Vireo (Yellow-throated) 252

W
Waxwing (Bohemian) 50
Waxwing (Cedar) 47
Woodpecker (Downy) 65
Woodpecker (Southern Downy) 66
Woodpecker (Golden-winged) 127
Woodpecker (Hairy) 70
Woodpecker (Northern Hairy) 70
Woodpecker (Southern Hairy) 70
Woodpecker (Red-bellied) 134
Woodpecker (Red-headed) 131
Wren (Carolina) 60
Wren (House) 190
Wren (Winter) 63
Warblers
Bay-breasted 281
Black and White 260
Blackburnian 266
Black-throated Blue 277
Black-throated Green 273
Black-poll 260
Blue-winged 273
Canadian 274
Cerulean 276
Chestnut-sided 282
Golden-winged 279
Hooded 271
Magnolia 263
Maryland Yellow-throat 270
Myrtle 262
Oven-bird 257
Parula (Northern) 280
Parula 281
Pine 269
Redstart 265
Water-thrush (Louisiana) 259
Water-thrush (Northern) 258
Wilson's 272
Worm-eating 259
Yellow 268
Yellow-breasted Chat 274
Yellow Palm 275
Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) 262

Transcriber's Notes

--Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
is public-domain in the country of publication.

--Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

--In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
_underscores_.