Chapter VIII: Appendix

A LIST OF THE BIRDS WHICH HAVE BEEN RECORDED
BOTH IN THE BRITISH ISLES AND IN INDIA

1. _Corvus corax._ The Raven.
2. _Corvus corone._ The Carrion Crow.
3. _Corvus frugilegus._ The Rook.
4. _Corvus comix._ The Hooded Crow.
5. _Corvus monedula._ The Jackdaw.
6. _Graculus eremita._ The Red-billed Chough.
7. _Pyrrhocorax alpinus._ The Yellow-billed Chough.
8. _Pica rustica._ The Magpie.
9. _Regulus cristatus._ The Goldcrest.
10. _Lanius collurio._ The Red-backed Shrike.
11. _Ampelis garrulus._ The Waxwing.
12. _Oriolus galbula._ The Golden Oriole.
13. _Pastor roseus._ The Rose-coloured Starling.
14. _Siphia parva._ The European Red-breasted Flycatcher.
15. _Muscicapa grisola._ The Spotted Flycatcher.
16. _Geocichla sibirica._ The Siberian Ground Thrush.
17. _Monticola saxatilis._ The Rock Thrush.
18. _Saxicola aenanthe._ The Wheatear.
19. _Cyanecula wolfi._ The White spotted Bluethroat.
20. _Turdus viscivorus._ The Missel Thrush.
21. _Turdus pilaris._ The Fieldfare.
22. _Turdus iliacus._ The Redwing.
23. _Linota cannabina._ The Linnet.
24. _Passer montanus._ The Tree Sparrow.
25. _Passer domesticus._ The House Sparrow.
26. _Emberiza schoeniclus._ The Reed Bunting.
27. _Emberiza pusilla._ The Dwarf Bunting.
28. _Emberiza hortulana._ The Ortolan Bunting.
29. _Emberiza melanocephala._ The Black-headed Bunting
30. _Fringilla montifringilla._ The Brambling.
31. _Alauda arvensis._ The Skylark.
32. _Calandrella brachydactyla._ The Short-toed Lark.
33. _Galerita cristata._ The Crested Lark.
34. _Anthus trivialis._ The Tree Pipit.
35. _Anthus richardi._ Richard’s Pipit.
36. _Anthus campestris._ The Tawny Pipit.
37. _Anthus spinoletta._ The Water Pipit.
38. _Anthus pratensis._ The Meadow Pipit.
39. _Hirundo rustica._ The Swallow.
40. _Cotile riparia._ The Sand Martin.
41. _Chelidon urbica._ The Martin.
42. _Motacilla alba._ The White Wagtail.
43. _Motacilla melanope._ The Grey Wagtail.
44. _Motacilla borealis._ The Grey-headed Wagtail.
45. _Motacilla flava._ The Blue-headed Wagtail.
46. _Iynx torquilla._ The Wryneck.
47. _Merops phillippinus._ The Blue-tailed Bee-eater.
48. _Merops apiaster._ The European Bee-eater.
49. _Upupa epops._ The Hoopoe.
50. _Coracias garrula._ The European Roller.
51. _Cypselus alpinus._ The Alpine Swift.
52. _Cypselus apus._ The European Swift.
53. _Caprimulgus europaeus._ The European Nightjar.
54. _Strix flammea._ The Barn Owl.
55. _Scops giu._ The Scops Owl.
56. _Asio otus._ The Long-eared Owl.
57. _Asio accipitrinus._ The Short-eared Owl.
58. _Bubo ignavus._ The Eagle Owl.
59. _Nyctea scandiaca._ The Snowy Owl.
60. _Alcedo ispida._ The Common Kingfisher.
61. _Cuculus canorus._ The Cuckoo.
62. _Gyps fulvus._ The Griffon Vulture.
63. _Neophron percnopterus._ The Egyptian Vulture.
64. _Milvus migrans._ The Black Kite.
65. _Haliaetus albicilla._ The White-tailed Sea Eagle.
66. _Pandion haliaetus._ The Osprey.
67. _Accipiter nisus._ The Sparrow Hawk.
68. _Astur palumbarius._ The Goshawk.
69. _Aquila chrysætus._ The Golden Eagle.
70. _Aquila maculata._ The Large Spotted Eagle.
71. _Buteo desertorum._ The Common Buzzard.
72. _Circus cineraceus._ Montagu’s Harrier.
73. _Circus cyaneus._ The Hen Harrier.
74. _Circus aeruginosus._ The Marsh Harrier.
75. _Elanus caeruleus._ The Black-winged Kite.
76. _Falco peregrinus._ The Peregrine Falcon.
77. _Falco subbuteo._ The Hobby.
78. _Aesalon regulus._ The Merlin.
79. _Tinnunculus alaudaris._ The Kestrel.
80. _Tinnunculus cenchris._ The Lesser Kestrel.
81. _Columbia livia._ The Blue Rock Pigeon.
82. _Turtur communis._ The Turtle Dove.
83. _Coturnix communis._ The Quail.
84. _Rallus aquaticus._ The Water-Rail.
85. _Crex pratensis._ The Corn Crake.
86. _Porzana parva._ The Little Crake.
87. _Porzana maruetta._ The Spotted Crake.
88. _Fulica atra._ The Coot.
89. _Gallinula chloropus._ The Moorhen.
90. _Grus communis._ The Crane.
91. _Anthropoides virgo._ The Demoiselle Crane.
92. _Otis tarda._ The Great Bustard.
93. _Otis tetrax._ The Little Bustard.
94. _Oedicnemus scolopa._ The Stone Curlew.
95. _Glareola pratincola._ The Pratincole.
96. _Cursorius gallicus._ The Cream-coloured Courser.
97. _Strepsilas interpres._ The Turnstone.
98. _Charadrius fulvus._ The Eastern Golden Plover.
99. _Charadrius pluvialis._ The Golden Plover.
100. _Vanellus vulgaris._ The Lapwing.
101. _Squatarola helvitica._ The Grey Plover.
102. _Aegialitis alexandrina._ The Kentish Plover.
103. _Aegialitis dubia._ The Little Ringed Plover.
104. _Aegialitis hiaticula._ The Ringed Plover.
105. _Haematopus ostralegus._ The Oystercatcher.
106. _Himantopus candidus._ The Black-winged Stilt.
107. _Limosa belgica._ The Black-tailed Godwit.
108. _Limosa lapponica._ The Bar-tailed Godwit.
109. _Numenius arquata._ The Curlew,
110. _Numenius phaeopus._ The Whimbrel.
111. _Recurvirostra avocetta._ The Avocet.
112. _Totanus hypoleucus._ The Common Sandpiper.
113. _Totanus glareola._ The Wood Sandpiper.
114. _Totanus ochropus._ The Green Sandpiper.
115. _Totanus calidris._ The Redshank.
116. _Totanus fuscus._ The Spotted Redshank.
117. _Totanus glottis._ The Greenshank.
118. _Tringa minuta._ The Little Stint.
119. _Tringa temmincki._ Temminck’s Stint.
120. _Tringa subarquata._ The Curlew Stint.
121. _Tringa alpina._ The Dunlin.
122. _Tringa platyrhyncha._ The Broad-billed Stint.
123. _Calidris arenaria._ The Sanderling.
124. _Pavoncella pugnax._ The Ruff.
125. _Phalaropus hyperboreus._ The Red-necked Phalarope.
126. _Phalaropus fulicarius._ The Grey Phalarope.
127. _Scolopax rusticula._ The Woodcock.
128. _Gallinago coelestis._ The Common Snipe.
129. _Gallinago gallinula._ The Jack Snipe.
130. _Larus ichthyaetus._ The Great Black-billed Gull.
131. _Larus ridibundus._ The Laughing Gull.
132. _Larus affinis._ The Dark-backed Herring Gull.
133. _Hydrochelidon hybrida._ The Whiskered Tern.
134. _Hydrochelidon leucoptera._ The White-winged Black Tern.
135. _Sterna angelica._ The Gull-billed Tern.
136. _Sterna cantiaca._ The Sandwich Tern.
137. _Sterna fluviatilis._ The Common Tern.
138. _Sterna dougalli._ The Roseate Tern.
139. _Sterna minuta._ The Little Tern.
140. _Sterna fuliginosa._ The Sooty Tern.
141. _Hydroprogne caspia._ The Caspian Tern.
142. _Stercorarius crepidatus._ Richardson’s Skua.
143. _Stercorarius pomatorhinus._ The Pomatorhine Skua.
144. _Oceanites oceanicus._ Wilson’s Petrel.
145. _Anous stolidus._ The Noddy.
146. _Phalacrocorax carbo._ The Cormorant.
147. _Platalea leucorodia._ The Spoonbill.
148. _Nycticorax griseus._ The Night Heron.
149. _Ardea manillensis._ The Purple Heron.
150. _Ardea cinerea._ The Common Heron.
151. _Herodias alba._ The Large Egret.
152. _Herodias garzetta._ The Little Egret.
153. _Bulbulcus coromnandus._ The Cattle Egret.
154. _Ardetta minuta._ The Little Bittern.
155. _Ciconia alba._ The White Stork.
156. _Ciconia nigra._ The Black Stork.
157. _Plegadis falcinellus._ The Glossy Ibis.
158. _Phoenicopterus roseus._ The Flamingo.
159. _Cygnus olor._ The Mute Swan.
160. _Cygnus musicus._ The Whooper.
161. _Anser ferus._ The Grey-lag Goose.
162. _Anser albifrons._ The White-fronted Goose.
163. _Anser erythropus._ The Lesser White-fronted Goose.
164. _Anser brachyrhynchus._ The Pink-footed Goose.
165. _Tadorna cornuta._ The Sheld-Duck.
166. _Casarca rutila._ The Brahminy Duck.
167. _Mareca penelope._ The Widgeon.
168. _Anas boscas._ The Mallard.
169. _Chaulelasmus streperus._ The Gadwall.
170. _Nyroca ferruginea._ The White-eyed Duck.
171. _Nyroca ferina._ The Pochard.
172. _Nyroca marila._ The Scaup.
173. _Nyroca fuligula._ The Tufted Duck.
174. _Netta rufina._ The Red-crested Pochard.
175. _Dafila acuta._ The Pintail.
176. _Clangula glaucion._ The Golden-Eye.
177. _Spatula clypeata._ The Shoveller.
178. _Querquedula urcia._ The Garganey Teal.
179. _Nettium crecca._ The Common Teal.
180. _Podiceps cristatus._ The Great Crested Grebe.
181. _Podiceps nigricollis._ The Eared Grebe.
182. _Mergus albellus._ The Smew.
183. _Merganser castor._ The Goosander.
184. _Merganser serrator._ The Red-breasted Merganser.

GLOSSARY

_Babul._ _Acacia arabica._ A thorny tree.

_Badmash._ A bad character, a ruffian.

_Barsath._ Rain.

_Bhabar._ The waterless tract of forest-clad land between the Himalayas and the _Terai_. It is from ten to fifteen miles in breadth and higher than the general level of the plains.

_Chaprassi._ Lit. a badgeman. A servant who runs messages, an orderly.

_Chik._ A number of thin pieces of bamboo strung together to form a curtain. Thin chiks are usually hung in front of doors in India with the object of keeping out flies but not air. Chiks of stouter make are hung from the verandah in order to keep out the sun.

_Chit._ Short for _Chitti_, a letter or testimonial.

_Coolie._ An unskilled labourer.

_Dhak._ _Butea frondosa._ A common tree in low jungle.

_Dhobi._ Washerman.

_Dirzie._ Tailor.

_Farash._ _Tamarix indica._

_Gali galoj._ Abuse.

_Jhil._ A lake, broad tank, or any natural depression which is filled with rain water at certain seasons or permanently.

_Kankar, or Kunkar._ Lumps of limestone with which roads are metalled in Northern India.

_Kannaut._ The sides of a tent.

_Khansamah._ Cook.

_Khud._ A deep valley.

_Mali._ Gardener.

_Murghi._ Barndoor Fowl.

_Neem._ _Azadirachta melia_, a common tree in India.

_Paddy._ Growing rice.

_Puggarree._ A turban.

_Ryot._ A cultivator, small farmer.

_Sal._ The iron-wood tree (_Shorea robusta_).

_Sahib._ Master, sir, gentleman; a term used to denote a European.

_Shikar._ Hunting or shooting.

_Shikari._ (1) The man who goes hunting or shooting. (2) The native who accompanies him and directs the beat.

_Terai._ Lit. “Moist land.” A marshy tract of land about twelve miles broad, between the _Bhabar_ and the plains proper. It is low-lying.

_Tiffin._ Lunch.

_Topi._ A sun-helmet.

With the exception of _British Birds in the Plains of India_, which appeared in _The Civil and Military Gazette_, and _The Indian Corby, Birds in the Rain_, and _Do Animals Think?_ which came out in _The Times of India_, the articles which compose this book made their _debût_ in one or other of the following papers: _The Madras Mail_, _The Indian Field_, _The Englishman_.

The author takes this opportunity of thanking the editors of the above-named newspapers for permission to reproduce these essays.

INDEX

A
_Acridotheres tristis_, 94
Adjutant, 29-35
Aitken, Mr. Benjamin, 165
Aitken, Mr. E. H., 100, 164
_Alauda arvensis_, 5
_Alauda gulgula_, 5
_Alcedo ispida_, 5
Amadavat, 17, 20, 46-51, 52, 165
Anderson, Mr. A., 126
_Aquila chrysætus_, 175
_Aquila vindhiana_, 175
_Arachnechthra asiatica_, 79, 80
_Arachnechthra lotenia_, 79
_Arachnechthra zeylonica_, 80
_Ardea cinerea_, 6
_Ardeola grayii_, 115
_Argya caudata_, 127
_Athene brama_, 24, 142
Automata, birds as, 104-110
Avicultural Society’s Magazine, 74

B
Babbler, 181
Babbler, common, 127
Babbler, striated bush-, 127
Barnes, 74
Baya, 183-189, 219, 221
Bee-eater, blue-tailed, 212
Bee-eater, little green, 208-212
Bingham, Major C.T., 210
Biology, dogmatism of, 129
Blackbird, 1, 107
Blackwell, Mr., 110
Blanford, 203
“Blue Jay,” 10-15, 84
Blyth, 30
Bonelli’s eagle, 175
Bottle bird, 185
_Brachypternus aurantius_, 86
Brain-fever bird, 117
Bulbul, 1, 166, 229-234
Bulbul, black, 229
Bulbul, green, 229
Bulbul, red-vented, 229-234
Bulbul, red-whiskered, 228-234
Bulbul, white-browed, 229
Burroughs, Mr. John, 213
Butcher bird, 163-167
Butler, Colonel, 211
Buzzard, 6
Buzzard, white-eyed, 176