Chapter I: Front Matter (1)

BLACKWOOD'S

Edinburgh

MAGAZINE.

VOL. LXVI.

JULY--DECEMBER, 1849.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, EDINBURGH;

AND

37, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

* * * * *

1849.

BLACKWOOD'S

EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

NO. CCCCV. JULY, 1849. VOL. LXVI.

CONTENTS.

DIES BOREALES. NO. II. CHRISTOPHER UNDER CANVASS, 1

THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA, 33

THE CAXTONS.--PART XIV. 48

THE GAME LAWS IN SCOTLAND, 63

DOMINIQUE, 77

PESTALOZZIANA, 93

THE CROWNING OF THE COLUMN, AND CRUSHING OF THE
PEDESTAL, 108

POSTSCRIPT, 131

EDINBURGH:

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, 45, GEORGE STREET; AND 37, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

_To whom all Communications (post paid) must be addressed._

SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, EDINBURGH.

BLACKWOOD'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.

NO. CCCCV. JULY, 1849. VOL. LXVI.

Dies Boreales.

NO. II.

CHRISTOPHER UNDER CANVASS.

ENCAMPMENT AT CLADICH. TIME--_Eleven_, A.M.

SCENE--_The Portal of the Pavilion._

NORTH--BULLER--SEWARD.

* * * * *

BULLER.

I know there is nothing you dislike so much as personal observations----

NORTH.

On myself to myself--not at all on others.

BULLER.

Yet I cannot help telling you to your face, sir, that you are one of the finest-looking old men----

NORTH.

Elderly gentlemen, if you please, sir.

BULLER.

In Britain, in Europe, in the World. I am perfectly serious, sir. You are.

NORTH.

You needed not to say you were perfectly serious: for I suffer no man to be ironical on Me, Mr Buller. I am.

BULLER.

Such a change since we came to Cladich! Seward was equally shocked, with myself, at your looks on board the Steamer. So lean--so bent--so sallow--so haggard--in a word--so aged!

NORTH.

Were you shocked, Seward?

SEWARD.

Buller has such a blunt way with him that he often makes me blush. I was not shocked, my dear sir, but I was affected.

BULLER.

Turning to me, he said in a whisper, "What a wreck!"

NORTH.

I saw little alteration on you, Mr Seward; but as to Buller, it was with the utmost difficulty I could be brought, by his reiterated asseverations, into a sort of quasi-belief in his personal identity; and even now, it is far from amounting to anything like a settled conviction. Why, his face is twice the breadth it used to be--and so red! It used to be narrow and pale. Then what a bushy head--now, cocker it as he will, bald. In figure was he not slim? Now, stout's the word. Stout--stout--yes, Buller, you have grown stout, and will grow stouter--your doom is to be fat--I prophesy paunch----

BULLER.

Spare me--spare me, sir. Seward should not have interrupted me--'twas but the first impression--and soon wore off--those Edinboro' people have much to answer for--unmercifully wearing you out at their ceaseless _soirées_--but since you came to Cladich, sir, CHRISTOPHER'S HIMSELF AGAIN--pardon my familiarity--nor can I now, after the minutest inspection, and severest scrutiny, detect one single additional wrinkle on face or forehead--nay, not a wrinkle at all--not one--so fresh of colour, too, sir, that the irradiation is at times ruddy--and without losing an atom of expression, the countenance absolutely--plump. Yes, sir, plump's the word--plump, plump, plump.

NORTH.

Now you speak sensibly, and like yourself, my dear Buller. I wear well.

BULLER.

Your enemies circulated a report--

NORTH.

I did not think I had an enemy in the world.

BULLER.

Your friends, sir, had heard a rumour--that you had mounted a wig.

NORTH.

And was there, among them all, one so weak-minded as to believe it? But to be sure, there are no bounds to the credulity of mankind.

BULLER.

That you had lost your hair--and that, like Sampson--

NORTH.

And by what Delilah had my locks been shorn?

SEWARD.

It all originated, I verily believe, sir, in the moved imagination of the Pensive Public:

"Res est soliciti plena timoris Amor."

NORTH.

Buller, I see little, if any--no change whatever--on you, since the days of Deeside--nor on you, Seward. Yes, I do. Not now, when by yourselves; but when your boys are in Tent, ah! then I do indeed--a pleasant, a happy, a blessed change! Bright boys they are--delightful lads--noble youths--and so are my Two--emphasis on _my_--

SEWARD AND BULLER.

Yes, all emphasis, and may the Four be friends for life.

NORTH.

In presence of us old folks, composed and respectful--in manly modesty attentive to every word we say--at times no doubt wearisome enough! Yet each ready, at a look or pause, to join in when we are at our gravest--and the solemn may be getting dull--enlivening the sleepy flow of our conversation as with rivulets issuing from pure sources in the hills of the morning--

SEWARD.

Ay--ay; heaven bless them all!

NORTH.

Why, there is more than sense--more than talent--there is _genius_ among them--in their eyes and on their tongues--though they have no suspicion of it--and that is the charm. Then how they rally one another! Witty fellows all Four. And the right sort of raillery. Gentlemen by birth and breeding, to whom in their wildest sallies vulgarity is impossible--to whom, on the giddy brink--the perilous edge--still adheres a native Decorum superior to that of all the Schools.

SEWARD.

They have their faults, sir--

NORTH.

So have we. And 'tis well for us. Without faults we should be unloveable.

SEWARD.

In affection I spake.

NORTH.

I know you did. There is no such hateful sight on earth as a perfect character. He is one mass of corruption--for he is a hypocrite--_intus et in cute_--by the necessity of nature. The moment a perfect character enters a room--I leave it.

SEWARD.

What if you happened to live in the neighbourhood of the nuisance?

NORTH.

Emigrate. Or remain here--encamped for life--with imperfect characters--till the order should issue--Strike Tent.

BULLER.

My Boy has a temper of his own.

NORTH.

Original--or acquired?

BULLER.

Naturally sweet-blooded--assuredly by the mother's side--but in her goodness she did all she could to spoil him. Some excuse--We have but Marmy.

NORTH.

And his father, naturally not quite so sweet-blooded, does all he can to preserve him? Between the two, a pretty Pickle he is. Has thine a temper of his own, too, Seward?

SEWARD.

Hot.

NORTH.

Hereditary.

SEWARD.

No--North. A milder, meeker, Christian Lady than his mother is not in England.

NORTH.

I confess I was at the moment not thinking of his mother. But somewhat too much of this. I hereby authorise the Boys of this Empire to have what tempers they choose--with one sole exception--THE SULKY.

BULLER.

The Edict is promulged.

NORTH.

Once, and once only, during one of the longest and best-spent lives on record, was I in the mood proscribed--and it endured most part of a whole day. The Anniversary of that day I observe, in severest solitude, with a salutary horror. And it is my Birthday. Ask me not, my friends, to reveal the Cause. Aloof from confession before man--we must keep to ourselves--as John Foster says--a corner of our own souls. A black corner it is--and enter it with or without a light--you see, here and there, something dismal--hideous--shapeless--nameless--each lying in its own place on the floor. There lies the CAUSE. It was the morning of my Ninth Year. As I kept sitting high upstairs by myself--one familiar face after another kept ever and anon looking in upon me--all with one expression! And one familiar voice after another--all with one tone--kept muttering at me--"_He's still in the Sulks!_" How I hated them with an intenser hatred--and chief them I before had loved best--at each opening and each shutting of that door! How I hated myself, as my blubbered face felt hotter and hotter--and I knew how ugly I must be, with my fixed fiery eyes. It was painful to sit on such a chair for hours in one posture, and to have so chained a child would have been great cruelty--but I was resolved to die, rather than change it; and had I been told by any one under an angel to get up and go to play, I would have spat in his face. It was a lonesome attic, and I had the fear of ghosts. But not then--my superstitious fancy was quelled by my troubled heart. Had I not deserved to be allowed to go? Did they not all know that all my happiness in this life depended on my being allowed to go? Could any one of them give a reason for not allowing me to go? What right had they to say that if I did go, I should never be able to find my way, by myself, back? What right had they to say that Roundy was a blackguard, and that he would lead me to the gallows? Never before, in all the world, had a good boy been used so on his birthday. They pretend to be sorry when I am sick--and when I say my prayers, they say theirs too; but I am sicker now--and they are not sorry, but angry--there's no use in prayers--and I won't read one verse in the Bible this night, should my aunt go down on her knees. And in the midst of such unworded soliloquies did the young blasphemer fall asleep.

BULLER.

Young Christopher North! Incredible.

NORTH.

I know not how long I slept; but on awaking, I saw an angel with a most beautiful face and most beautiful hair--a little young angel--about the same size as myself--sitting on a stool by my feet. "Are you quite well now, Christopher? Let us go to the meadows and gather flowers." Shame, sorrow, remorse, contrition, came to me with those innocent words--we wept together, and I was comforted. "I have been sinful"--"but you are forgiven." Down all the stairs hand in hand we glided; and there was no longer anger in any eyes--the whole house was happy. All voices were kinder--if that were possible--than they had been when I rose in the morning--a Boy in his Ninth Year. Parental hands smoothed my hair--parental lips kissed it--and parental greetings, only a little more cheerful than prayers, restored me to the Love I had never lost, and which I felt now had animated that brief and just displeasure. I had never heard then of Elysian fields; but I had often heard, and often had dreamt happy, happy dreams of fields of light in heaven. And such looked the fields to be, where fairest Mary Gordon and I gathered flowers, and spoke to the birds, and to one another, all day long--and again, when the day was gone, and the evening going, on till moon-time, below and among the soft-burning stars.

BULLER.

And never has _Christopher been in the Sulks_ since that day.

NORTH.

Under heaven I owe it all to that child's eyes. Still I sternly keep the Anniversary--for, beyond doubt, I was that day possessed with a Devil--and an angel it was, though human, that drove him out.

SEWARD.

Your first Love?

NORTH.

In a week she was in heaven. My friends--in childhood--our whole future life would sometimes seem to be at the mercy of such small events as these. Small call them not--for they are great for good or for evil--because of the unfathomable mysteries that lie shrouded in the growth, on earth, of an immortal soul.

SEWARD.

May I dare to ask you, sir--it is indeed a delicate--a more than delicate question--if the Anniversary--has been brought round with the revolving year since we encamped?

NORTH.

It has.

SEWARD.

Ah! Buller! we know now the reason of his absence that day from the Pavilion and Deeside--of his utter seclusion--he was doing penance in the Swiss Giantess--a severe sojourn.

NORTH.

A Good Temper, friends--not a good Conscience--is the Blessing of Life.

BULLER.

Shocked to hear you say so, sir. Unsay it, my dear sir--unsay it--pernicious doctrine. It may get abroad.

NORTH.

THE SULKS!--the CELESTIALS. The Sulks are hell, sirs--the Celestials, by the very name, heaven. I take temper in its all-embracing sense of Physical, Mental, and Moral Atmosphere. Pure and serene--then we respire God's gifts, and are happier than we desire! Is not that divine? Foul and disturbed--then we are stifled by God's gifts--and are wickeder than we fear! Is not that devilish? A good Conscience and a bad Temper! Talk not to me, Young Men, of pernicious doctrine--it is a soul-saving doctrine--"millions of spiritual creatures walk unseen" teaching it--men's Thoughts, communing with heaven, have been teaching it--surely not all in vain--since Cain slew Abel.

SEWARD.

The Sage!

BULLER.

Socrates.

NORTH.

Morose! Think for five minutes on what that word means--and on what that word contains--and you see the Man must be an Atheist. Sitting in the House of God _morosely_! Bright, bold, beautiful boys of ours, ye are not morose--heaven's air has free access through your open souls--a clear conscience carries the Friends in their pastimes up the Mountains.

SEWARD.

And their fathers before them.

NORTH.

And their great-grandfather--I mean their spiritual great-grandfather--myself--Christopher North. They are gathering up--even as we gathered up--images that will never die. Evanescent! Clouds--lights--shadows--glooms--the falling sound--the running murmur--and the swinging roar--as cataract, stream, and forest all alike seem wheeling by--these are not evanescent--for they will all keep coming and going--before their Imagination--all life-long at the bidding of the Will--or obedient to a Wish! Or by benign Law, whose might is a mystery, coming back from the far profound--remembered apparitions!

SEWARD.

Dear sir.

NORTH.

Even my Image will sometimes reappear--and the Tents of Cladich--the Camp on Lochawe-side.

BULLER.

My dear sir--it will not be evanescent----

NORTH.

And withal such Devils! But I have given them _carte blanche_.

SEWARD.

Nor will they abuse it.

NORTH.

I wonder when they sleep. Each has his own dormitory--the cluster forming the left wing of the Camp--but Deeside is not seldom broad awake till midnight; and though I am always up and out by six at the latest, never once have I caught a man of them napping, but either there they are each more blooming than the other, getting ready their gear for a start;--or, on sweeping the Loch with my glass, I see their heads, like wild-ducks--swimming--round Rabbit Island--as some wretch has baptised Inishail--or away to Inistrynish--or, for anything I know, to Port-Sonachan--swimming for a Medal given by the Club! Or there goes _Gutta-Percha_ by the Pass of Brandir, or shooting away into the woods near Kilchurn. Twice have they been on the top of Cruachan--once for a clear hour, and once for a dark day--the very next morning, Marmaduke said, they would have "some more mountain," and the Four Cloud-compellers swept the whole range of Ben-Bhuridh and Bein-Lurachan as far as the head of Glensrea. Though they said nothing about it, I heard of their having been over the hills behind us, t'other night, at Cairndow, at a wedding. Why, only think, sirs, yesterday they were off by daylight to try their luck in Loch Dochart, and again I heard their merriment soon after we had retired. They must have footed it above forty miles. That Cornwall Clipper will be their death. And off again this morning--all on foot--to the Black Mount.

BULLER.

For what?

NORTH.

By permission of the Marquis, to shoot an Eagle. She is said to be again on egg--and to cliff-climbers her eyrie is within rifle-range. But let us forget the Boys--as they have forgot us.

SEWARD.

The Loch is calmer to-day, sir, than we have yet seen it; but the calm is of a different character from yesterday's--that was serene, this is solemn--I had almost said austere. Yesterday there were few clouds; and such was the prevailing power of all those lovely woods on the islands, and along the mainland shores--that the whole reflexion seemed sylvan. When gazing on such a sight, does not our feeling of the unrealities--the shadows--attach to the realities--the substances? So that the living trees--earth-rooted, and growing upwards--become almost as visionary as their inverted semblances in that commingling clime? Or is it that the life of the trees gives life to the images, and imagination believes that the whole, in its beauty, must belong, by the same law, to the same world?

NORTH.

Let us understand, without seeking to destroy, our delusions--for has not this life of ours been wisely called the dream of a shadow!

SEWARD.

To-day there are many clouds, and aloft they are beautiful; nor is the light of the sun not most gracious; but the repose of all that downward world affects me--I know not why--with sadness--it is beginning to look almost gloomy--and I seem to see the hush not of sleep, but of death. There is not the unboundaried expanse of yesterday--the loch looks narrower--and Cruachan closer to us, with all his heights.

BULLER.

I felt a drop of rain on the back of my hand.

SEWARD.

It must have been, then, from your nose. There will be no rain this week. But a breath of air there is somewhere--for the mirror is dimmed, and the vision gone.

NORTH.

The drop was not from his nose, Seward, for here are three--and clear, pure drops too--on my Milton. I should not be at all surprised if we were to have a little rain.

SEWARD.

Odd enough. I cannot conjecture where it comes from. It must be dew.

BULLER.

Who ever heard of dew dropping in large fat globules at meridian on a summer's day? It is getting very close and sultry. The interior must be, as Wordsworth says, "Like a Lion's den." Did you whisper, sir?

NORTH.

No. But something did. Look at the quicksilver, Buller.

BULLER.

Thermometer 85. Barometer I can say nothing about--but that it is very low indeed. A long way below Stormy.

NORTH.

What colour would you call that Glare about the Crown of Cruachan? Yellow?

SEWARD.

You may just as well call it yellow as not. I never saw such a colour before--and don't care though I never see such again--for it is horrid. That _is_ a--Glare.

NORTH.

Cowper says grandly,

"A terrible sagacity informs
The Poet's heart: he looks to distant storms;
He hears the thunder ere the tempest lowers."

He is speaking of tempests in the moral world. You know the passage--it is a fine one--so indeed is the whole Epistle--Table-Talk. I am a bit of a Poet myself in smelling thunder. Early this morning I set it down for mid-day--and it is mid-day now.

BULLER.

Liker Evening.

NORTH.

Dimmish and darkish, certainly--but unlike Evening. I pray you look at the Sun.

BULLER.

What about him?

NORTH.

Though unclouded--he seems shrouded in his own solemn light--expecting thunder.

BULLER.

There is not much motion among the clouds.

NORTH.

Not yet. Merely what in Scotland we call a carry--yet that great central mass is double the size it was ten minutes ago--the City Churches are crowding round the Cathedral--and the whole assemblage lies under the shadow of the Citadel--with battlements and colonnades at once Fort and Temple.

BULLER.

Still some blue sky. Not very much. But some.

NORTH.

Cruachan! you are changing colour.

BULLER.

Grim--very.

NORTH.

The Loch's like ink. I could dip my pen in it.

SEWARD.

We are about to have thunder.

NORTH.

Weather-wise wizard--we are. That mutter was thunder. In five seconds you will hear some more. One--two--three--four--there; that was a growl. I call that good growling--sulky, sullen, savage growling, that makes the heart of Silence quake.

SEWARD.

And mine.

NORTH.

What? Dying away! Some incomprehensible cause is turning the thunderous masses round towards Appin.

SEWARD.

And I wish them a safe journey.

NORTH.

All right. They are coming this way--all at once--the whole Thunderstorm. Flash--roar.

"Be thou as lightning in the eyes of France;
For ere thou canst report I will be there,
The thunder of my cannon shall be heard."

Who but Willy could have said _that_?

SEWARD.

Who said what?

NORTH.

How ghastly all the trees!

SEWARD.

I see no trees--nor anything else.

NORTH.

How can you, with that Flying Dutchman over your eyes?

BULLER.

I gave him my handkerchief--for at this moment I know his head is like to rend. I wish I had kept it to myself; but no use--the lightning is seen through lids and hands, and would be through stone walls.

NORTH.

Each flash has, of course, a thunder-clap of its own--if we knew where to look for it; but, to our senses, all connexion between cause and effect is lost--such incessant flashings--and such multitudinous outbreaks--and such a continuous roll of outrageous echoes!

BULLER.

Coruscation--explosion--are but feeble words.

NORTH.

The Cathedral's on Fire.

BULLER.

I don't mind so much those wide flarings among the piled clouds, as these gleams----oh!

NORTH.

Where art thou, Cruachan! Ay--methinks I see thee--methinks I do not--thy Three Peaks may not pierce the masses that now oppress thee--but behind the broken midway clouds, those black purple breadths of solid earth are thine--thine those unmistakeable Cliffs--thine the assured beauty of that fearless Forest--and may the lightning scathe not one single tree!

BULLER.

Nor man.

NORTH.

This is your true total Eclipse of the Sun. Day, not night, is the time for thunder and lightning. Night can be dark of itself--nay, cannot help it; but when Day grows black, then is the blackness of darkness in the Bright One terrible;--and terror--Burke said well--is at the heart of the sublime. The Light, such as it is, sets off the power of the lightning--it pales to that flashing--and is forgotten in Fire. It smells of hell.

SEWARD.

It is constitutional in the Sewards. North, I am sick.

NORTH.

Give way to gasping--and lie down--nothing can be done for you. The danger is not--

SEWARD.

I am not afraid--I am faint.

NORTH.

You must speak louder, if you expect to be heard by ears of clay. Peals is not the word. "Peals on peals redoubled" is worse. There never was--and never will be a word in any language--for _all that_.

BULLER.

Unreasonable to expect it. Try twenty--in twenty languages.

NORTH.

Buller, you may count ten individual deluges--besides the descent of three at hand--conspicuous in the general Rain, which without them would be Rain sufficient for a Flood. Now the Camp has it--and let us enter the Pavilion. I don't think there is much wind here--yet far down the black Loch is silently whitening with waves like breakers; for here the Rain alone rules, and its rushing deadens the retiring thunder. The ebbing thunder! Still louder than any sea on any shore--but a diminishing loudness, though really vast, seems quelled; and, losing its power over the present, imagination follows it not into the distant region where it may be raging as bad as ever. Buller?

BULLER.

What?

NORTH.

How's Seward?

SEWARD.

Much better. It was very, very kind of you, my dear sir, to carry me in your arms, and place me in your own Swing-chair. The change of atmosphere has revived me--but the Boys!

NORTH.

The Boys--why, they went to the Black Mount to shoot an eagle, and see a thunder-storm, and long before this they have had their heart's desire. There are caves, Seward, in Buachail-Mor; and one recess I know--not a cave--but grander far than any cave--near the Fall of Eas-a-Bhrogich--far down below the bottom of the Fall, which in its long descent whitens the sable cliffs. Thither leads a winding access no storm can shake. In that recess you sit rock-surrounded--but with elbow-room for five hundred men--and all the light you have--and you would not wish for more--comes down upon you from a cupola far nearer heaven than that hung by Michael Angelo.

SEWARD.

The Boys are safe.

NORTH.

Or the lone House of Dalness has received them--hospitable now as of yore--or the Huntsman's hut--or the Shepherd's shieling--that word I love, and shall use it now--though shieling it is not, but a comfortable cottage--and the dwellers there fear not the thunder and the lightning--for they know they are in His hands--and talk cheerfully in the storm.

SEWARD.

Over and gone. How breathable the atmosphere!

NORTH.

In the Forests of the Marquis and of Monzie, the horns of the Red-deer are again in motion. In my mind's eye--Harry--I see one--an enormous fellow--bigger than the big stag of Benmore himself--and not to be so easily brought to perform, by particular desire, the part of Moriens--giving himself a shake of his whole huge bulk, and a _caive_ of his whole wide antlery--and then leading down from the Corrie, with Platonic affection, a herd of Hinds to the greensward islanded among brackens and heather--a spot equally adapted for feed, play, rumination, and sleep. And the Roes are glinting through the glades--and the Fleece are nibbling on the mountains' glittering breast--and the Cattle are grazing, and galloping, and lowing on the hills--and the furred folk, who are always dry, come out from crevices for a mouthful of the fresh air; and the whole four-footed creation are jocund--are happy!

BULLER.

What a picture!

NORTH.

And the Fowls of the Air--think ye not the Eagle, storm-driven not unalarmed along that league-long face of cliff, is now glad at heart, pruning the wing that shall carry him again, like a meteor, into the subsided skies?

BULLER.

What it is to have an imagination! Worth all my Estate.

NORTH.

Let us exchange.

BULLER.

Not possible. Strictly entailed.

NORTH.

Dock.

BULLER.

Mno.

NORTH.

And the little wren flits out from the back door of her nest--too happy she to sing--and in a minute is back again, with a worm in her mouth, to her half-score gaping babies--the sole family in all the dell. And the seamews, sore against their will driven seawards, are returning by ones and twos, and thirties, and thousands, up Loch-Etive, and, dallying with what wind is still alive above the green transparency, drop down in successive parties of pleasure on the silver sands of Ardmatty, or lured onwards into the still leas of Glenliver, or the profounder quietude of the low mounds of Dalness.

SEWARD.

My fancy is contented to feed on what is before my eyes.

BULLER.

Doff, then, the Flying Dutchman.

NORTH.

And thousands of Rills, on the first day of their apparent existence, are all happy too, and make me happy to look on them leaping and dancing down the rocks--and the River Etive rejoicing in his strength, from far Kingshouse all along to the end of his journey, is happiest of them all; for the storm that has swollen has not discoloured him, and with a pomp of clouds on his breast, he is flowing in his expanded beauty into his own desired Loch.

SEWARD.

Gaze with me, my dear sir, on what lies before our eyes.

NORTH.

The Rainbow!

BULLER.

Four miles wide, and half a mile broad.

NORTH.

Thy own Rainbow, Cruachan--from end to end.

SEWARD.

Is it fading--or is it brightening?--no, it is not fading--and to brighten is impossible. It is the beautiful at perfection--it is dissolving--it is gone.

BULLER.

I asked you, sir, have the Poets well handled Thunder?

NORTH.

I was waiting for the Rainbow. Many eyes besides ours are now regarding it--many hearts gladdened--but have you not often felt, Seward, as if such Apparitions came at a silent call in our souls--that we might behold them--and that the hour--or the moment--was given to us alone! So have I felt when walking alone among the great solitudes of Nature.

SEWARD.

Lochawe is the name now for a dozen little lovely lakes! For, lo! as the vapours are rising, they disclose, here a bay that does not seem to be a bay, but complete in its own encircled stillness,--there a bare grass island--yes, it is Inishail--with a shore of mists,--and there, with its Pines and Castle, Freoch, as if it were Loch Freoch, and not itself an Isle. Beautiful bewilderment! but of our own creating!--for thus Fancy is fain to dally with what we love--and would seek to estrange the familiar--as if Lochawe in its own simple grandeur were not all-sufficient for our gaze.

BULLER.

Let me try my hand. No--no--no--I can see and feel, have an eye and a heart for Scenery, as it is called, but am no hand at a description. My dear, sweet, soft-breasted, fair-fronted, bright-headed, delightful Cruachan--thy very name, how liquid with open vowels--not a consonant among them all--no Man-Mountain Thou--Thou art the LADY OF THE LAKE. I am in love with Thee--Thou must not think of retiring from the earth--Thou must not take the veil--off with it--off with it from those glorious shoulders--and come, in all Thy loveliness, to my long--my longing arms!

SEWARD.

Is that the singing of larks?

NORTH.

No larks live here. The laverock is a Lowland bird, and loves our brairded fields and our pastoral braes; but the Highland mountains are not for him--he knows by instinct that they are haunted--though he never saw the shadow nor heard the sugh of the eagle's wing.

SEWARD.

The singing from the woods seems to reach the sky. They have utterly forgotten their fear; or think you, sir, that birds know that what frightened them is gone, and that they sing with intenser joy because of the fear that kept them mute?

NORTH.

The lambs are frisking--and the sheep staring placidly at the Tents. I hear the hum of bees--returned--and returning from their straw-built Citadels. In the primal hour of his winged life, that wavering butterfly goes by in search of the sunshine that meets him; and happy for this generation of ephemerals that they first took wing on the afternoon of the day of the Great Storm.

BULLER.

How have the Poets, sir, handled thunder and lightning?

NORTH.

Sæpe ego, cum flavis messorem induceret arvis
Agricola, et fragili jam stringeret hordea culmo,
Omnia ventorum concurrere prælia vidi,
Quæ gravidam latè segetem ab radicibus imis
Sublimè expulsam eruerent: ita turbine nigro
Ferret hyems culmumque levem, stipulasque volantes.
Sæpe etiam immensum coelo venit agmen aquarum,
Et foedam glomerant tempestatem imbribus atris
Collectæ ex alto nubes: ruit arduus æther,
Et pluviâ ingenti sata læta, boumque labores
Diluit: implentur fossæ, et cava flumina crescunt
Cum sonitu, fervetque fretis spirantibus æquor.
Ipse Pater, mediâ nimborum in nocte, corusca
Fulmina molitur dextrâ: quo maxima motu
Terra tremit: fugêre feræ, et mortalia corda
Per gentes humilis stravit pavor: ille flagranti
Aut Atho, aut Rhodopen, aut alta Ceraunia telo
Dejicit: ingeminant Austri, et densissimus imber:
Nunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc littora plangunt.

BULLER.

You recite well, sir, and Latin better than English--not so sing-songy--and as sonorous: then Virgil, to be sure, is fitter for recitation than any Laker of you all----

NORTH.

I am not a Laker--I am a Locher.

BULLER.

Tweedledum--Tweedledee.

NORTH.

That means the Tweed and the Dee? Content. One might have thought, Buller, that our Scottish Critics would have been puzzled to find a fault in that strain----

BULLER.

It is faultless; but not a Scotch critic worth a curse but yourself----

NORTH.

I cannot accept a compliment at the expense of all the rest of my countrymen. I cannot indeed.

BULLER.

Yes, you can.

NORTH.

There was Lord Kames--a man of great talents--a most ingenious man--and with an insight----

BULLER.

I never heard of him--was he a Scotch Peer?

NORTH.

One of the Fifteen. A strained elevation--says his Lordship--I am sure of the words, though I have not seen his Elements of Criticism for fifty years----

BULLER.

You are a creature of a wonderful memory.

NORTH.

"A strained elevation is attended with another inconvenience, that the author is apt to fall suddenly, as well as the reader; because it is not a little difficult to descend sweetly and easily from such elevation to the ordinary tone of the subject. The following is a good illustration of that observation"--and then his Lordship quotes the passage I recited--stopping with the words, "_densissimus imber_," which are thus made to conclude the description!

BULLER.

Oh! oh! oh! That's murder.

NORTH.

In the description of a storm--continues his Lordship--"to figure Jupiter throwing down huge mountains with his thunderbolts, is hyperbolically sublime, if I may use the expression: the tone of mind produced by that image is so distinct from the tone produced by a thick shower of rain, that the sudden transition _must be very unpleasant_."

BULLER.

Suggestive of a great-coat. That's the way to deal with a great Poet. Clap your hand on the Poet's mouth in its fervour--shut up the words in mid-volley--and then tell him that he does not know how to descend sweetly and easily from strained elevation!

NORTH.

Nor do I agree with his Lordship that "to figure Jupiter throwing down huge mountains with his thunderbolts is hyperbolically sublime." As a part for a whole is a figure of speech, so is a whole for a part. Virgil says, "dejicit;" but he did not mean to say that Jupiter "tumbled down" Athos or Rhodope or the Acroceraunian range. He knew--for he saw them--that there they were in all their altitude after the storm--little if at all the worse. But Jupiter had struck--smitten--splintered--rent--trees and rocks--midway or on the summits--and the sight was terrific--and "dejicit" brings it before our imagination which not for a moment pictures the whole mountain tumbling down. But great Poets know the power of words, and on great occasions how to use them--in this case--one--and small critics will not suffer their own senses to instruct them in Poetry--and hence the Elements of Criticism are not the Elements of Nature, and assist us not in comprehending the grandeur of reported storms.

BULLER.

Lay it into them, sir.

NORTH.

Good Dr Hugh Blair again, who in his day had a high character for taste and judgment, agreed with Henry Home that "the transition is made too hastily--I am afraid--from the preceding sublime images, to a thick shower and the blowing of the south wind, and shows how difficult it frequently is to descend with grace, without seeming to fall." Nay, even Mr Alison himself--one of the finest spirits that ever breathed on earth, says--"I acknowledge, indeed, that the 'pluviâ ingenti sata læta, boumque labores diluit' is defensible from the connexion of the imagery with the subject of the poem; but the 'implentur fossæ' is both an unnecessary and a degrading circumstance when compared with the magnificent effects that are described in the rest of the passage." In his quotation, too, the final grand line is inadvertently omitted--

"Nunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc litora plangunt."

BULLER.

I never read Hugh Blair--but I have read--often, and always with increased delight--Mr Alison's exquisite Essays on the Nature and Principles of Taste, and Lord Jeffrey's admirable exposition of the Theory--in statement so clear, and in illustration so rich--worth all the Æsthetics of the Germans--Schiller excepted--in one Volume of Mist.

NORTH.

Mr Alison had an original as well as a fine mind; and here he seems to have been momentarily beguiled into mistake by unconscious deference to the judgment of men--in his province far inferior to himself--whom in his modesty he admired. Mark. Virgil's main purpose is to describe the dangers--the losses to which the agriculturist is at all seasons exposed from wind and weather. And he sets them before us in plain and perspicuous language, not rising above the proper level of the didactic. Yet being a Poet he puts poetry into his description from the first and throughout. To say that the line "Et pluviâ" &c. is "_defensible_ from the connexion of the imagery with the subject of the Poem" is not enough. It is _necessitated_. Strike it out and you abolish the subject. And just so with "implentur fossæ." The "fossæ" we know in that country were numerous and wide, and, when swollen, dangerous--and the "cava flumina" well follow instantly--for the "fossæ" were their feeders--and we hear as well as see the rivers rushing to the sea--and we hear too, as well as see, the sea itself. _There the description ends._ Virgil has done his work. But his imagination is moved, and there arises a new strain altogether. He is done with the agriculturists. And now he deals with man at large--with the whole human race. He is now a Boanerges--a son of thunder--and he begins with Jove. The sublimity comes in a moment. "Ipse Pater, mediâ nimborum in nocte"--and is sustained to the close--the last line being great as the first--and all between accordant, and all true to nature. Without rain and wind, what would be a thunder-storm? The "densissimus imber" obeys the laws--and so do the ingeminanting Austri--and the shaken woods and the stricken shores.

BULLER.

Well done, Virgil--well done, North.

NORTH.

I cannot rest, Buller--I can have no peace of mind but in a successful defence of these Ditches. Why is a Ditch to be despised? Because it is dug? So is a grave. Is the Ditch--wet or dry--that must be passed by the Volunteers of the Fighting Division before the Fort can be stormed, too low a word for a Poet to use? Alas! on such an occasion well might he say, as he looked after the assault and saw the floating tartans--_implentur fossæ_--the Ditch is filled!

BULLER.

Ay, Mr North, in that case the word Ditch--and the thing--would be dignified by danger, daring, and death. But here----

NORTH.

The case is the same--with a difference, for there is all the Danger--all the Daring--all the Death--that the incident or event admits of--and they are not small. Think for a moment. The Rain falls over the whole broad heart of the tilled earth--from the face of the fields it runs into the Ditches--the first unavoidable receptacles--these pour into the rivers--the rivers into the river mouths--and then you are in the Sea.

BULLER.

Go on, sir, go on.

NORTH.

I am amazed--I am indignant, Buller. _Ruit arduus æther._ The steep or high ether rushes down! as we saw it rush down a few minutes ago. What happens?

"Et pluvià ingenti sata læta, boumque labores
Diluit!"

Alas! for the hopeful--hopeless husbandman now. What a multiplied and magnified expression have we here for the arable lands. All the glad seed-time vain--vain all industry of man and oxen--there you have the true agricultural pathos--washed away--set in a swim--deluged! Well has the Poet--in one great line--spoke the greatness of a great matter. Sudden affliction--visible desolation--imagined dearth.

BULLER.

Don't stop, sir, you speak to the President of our Agricultural Society--go on, sir, go on.

NORTH.

Now drop in--in its veriest place, and in two words, the _necessitated Implentur fossæ_. No pretence--no display--no phraseology--the nakedest, but quite effectual statement of the fact--which the farmer--I love that word farmer--has witnessed as often as he has ever seen the Coming--the Ditches that were dry ran full to the brim. The homely rustic fact, strong and impressive to the husbandman, cannot be dealt with by poetry otherwise than by setting it down in its bald simplicity. Seek to raise--to dress--to disguise--and you make it ridiculous. The Mantuan knew better--he says what must be said--and goes on--

BULLER.

He goes on--so do you, sir--you both get on.

NORTH.

And now again begins Magnification,

"Et cava flumina crescunt
Cum sonitu."

The "hollow-bedded rivers" grow, swell, visibly wax mighty and turbulent. You imagine that you stand on the bank and see the river that had shrunk into a thread getting broad enough to fill the capacity of its whole hollow bed. The rushing of arduous ether would not of itself have proved sufficient. Therefore glory to the Italian Ditches and glory to the Dumfriesshire Drains, which I have seen, in an hour, change the white murmuring Esk into a red rolling river, with as sweeping sway as ever attended the Arno on its way to inundate Florence.

BULLER.

Glory to the Ditches of the Vale of Arno--glory to the Drains of Dumfriesshire. Draw breath, sir. Now go on, sir.

NORTH.

"Cum sonitu." Not as Father Thames rises--_silently_--till the flow lapse over lateral meadow-grounds for a mile on either side. But "cum sonitu," with a voice--with a roar--a mischievous roar--a roar of--ten thousand Ditches.

BULLER.

And then the "flumina"--"cava" no more--will be as clear as mud.

NORTH.

You have hit it. They will be--for the Arno in flood is like liquid mud--by no means enamouring, perhaps not even sublime--but showing you that it comes off the fields and along the Ditches--that you see swillings of the "sata læta boumque labores."

BULLER.

Agricultural Produce!

NORTH.

For a moment--a single moment--leave out the Ditches, and say merely, "The rain falls over the fields--the rivers swell roaring." No picture at all. You must have the fall over the surface--the gathering in the narrower artificial--the delivery into the wider natural channels--the fight of spate and surge at river mouth--

"Fervetque fretis spirantibus æquor."

The Ditches are indispensable in nature and in Virgil.

BULLER.

Put this glass of water to your lips, sir--not that I would recommend water to a man in a fit of eloquence--but I know you are abstinent--infatuated in your abjuration of wine. Go on--half-minute time.

NORTH.

I swear to defend--at the pen's point--against all Comers--this position--that the line

"Diluit: implentur fossæ, cava flumina crescunt
Cum sonitu--"

is, where it stands--and looking before and after--a perfect line; and that to strike out "implentur fossæ" would be an outrage on it--just equal, Buller, to my knocking out, without hesitation, your brains--for your brains do not contribute more to the flow of our conversation--than do the Ditches to that other Spate.

BULLER.

That will do--you may stop.

NORTH.

I ask no man's permission--I obey no man's mandate--to stop. Now Virgil takes wing--now he blazes and soars. Now comes the power and spirit of the Storm gathered in the Person of the Sire--of him who wields the thunderbolt into which the Cyclops have forged storms of all sorts--wind and rain together--"_Tres Imbri torti radios!_" &c. You remember the magnificent mixture. And there we have VIRGILIUS _versus_ HOMERUM.

BULLER.

You may sit down, sir.

NORTH.

I did not know I had stood up. Beg pardon.

BULLER.

I am putting Swing to rights for you, Sir.

NORTH.

Methinks Jupiter is _twice_ apparent--the first time, as the President of the Storm, which is agreeable to the dictates of reason and necessity;--the second--to my fancy--as delighting himself in the conscious exertion of power. What is he splintering Athos, or Rhodope, or the Acroceraunians for? The divine use of the Fulmen is to quell Titans, and to kill that mad fellow who was running up the ladder at Thebes, Capaneus. Let the Great Gods find _out their enemies now_--find out and finish them--and enemies they must have not a few among those prostrate crowds--"per gentes humilis stravit pavor." But shattering and shivering the mountain tops--which, as I take it, is here the prominent affair--and, as I said, the true meaning of "dejicit"--is mere pastime--as if Jupiter Tonans were disporting himself on a holiday.

BULLER.

Oh! sir, you have exhausted the subject--if not yourself--and us;--I beseech you sit down;--see, Swing solicits you--and oh! sir, you--we--all of us will find in a few minutes' silence a great relief after all that thunder.

NORTH.

You remember Lucretius?

BULLER.

No, I don't. To you I am not ashamed to confess that I read him with some difficulty. With ease, sir, do you?

NORTH.

I never knew a man who did but Bobus Smith; and so thoroughly was he imbued with the spirit of the great Epicurean, that Landor--himself the best Latinist living--equals him with Lucretius. The famous Thunder passage is very fine, but I cannot recollect every word; and the man who, in recitation, haggles and boggles at a great strain of a great poet deserves death without benefit of clergy. I do remember, however, that he does not descend from his elevation with such ease and grace as would have satisfied Henry Home and Hugh Blair--for he has so little notion of true dignity as to mention rain, as Virgil afterwards did, in immediate connexion with thunder.

"Quo de concussu sequitur _gravis imber_ et uber,
Omnis utei videatur in imbrem vortier æther,
Atque ita præcipitans ad diluviem revocare."

BULLER.

What think you of the thunder in Thomson's Seasons?

NORTH.

What all the world thinks--that it is our very best British Thunder. He gives the Gathering, the General engagement, and the Retreat. In the Gathering there are touches and strokes that make all mankind shudder--the foreboding--the ominous! And the terror, when it comes, aggrandises the premonitory symptoms. "Follows the loosened aggravated roar" is a line of power to bring the voice of thunder upon your soul on the most peaceable day. He, too--prevailing poet--feels the grandeur of the Rain. For instant on the words "convulsing heaven and earth," ensue,

"Down comes a deluge of sonorous hail,
Or prone-descending rain."

Thomson had been in the heart of thunder-storms many a time before he left Scotland; and what always impresses me is the want of method--the confusion, I might almost say--in his description. Nothing contradictory in the proceedings of the storm; they all go on obediently to what we know of Nature's laws. But the effects of their agency on man and nature are given--not according to any scheme--but as they happen to come before the Poet's imagination, as they happened in reality. The pine is struck first--then the cattle and the sheep below--and then the castled cliff--and then the

"Gloomy woods
Start at the flash, and from their deep recess
Wide-flaming out, their trembling inmates shake."

No regular ascending--or descending scale here; but wherever the lightning chooses to go, there it goes--the blind agent of indiscriminating destruction.

BULLER.

Capricious Zig-zag.

NORTH.

Jemmy was overmuch given to mouthing in the _Seasons_; and in this description--matchless though it be--he sometimes out-mouths the big-mouthed thunder at his own bombast. Perhaps that is inevitable--you must, in confabulating with that Meteor, either imitate him, to keep him and yourself in countenance, or be, if not mute as a mouse, as thin-piped as a fly. In youth I used to go sounding to myself among the mountains the concluding lines of the Retreat.

"Amid Carnarvon's mountains rages loud
The repercussive roar; with mighty crush,
Into the flashing deep, from the rude rocks
Of Penmanmaur heap'd hideous to the sky,
Tumble the smitten cliffs, and Snowdon's peak,
Dissolving, instant yields his wintry load:
Far seen, the heights of heathy Cheviot blaze,
And Thule bellows through her utmost isles."

Are they good--or are they bad? I fear--not good. But I am dubious. The previous picture has been of one locality--a wide one--but within the visible horizon--enlarged somewhat by the imagination, which, as the schoolmen said, inflows into every act of the senses--and powerfully, no doubt, into the senses engaged in witnessing a thunder-storm. Many of the effects so faithfully, and some of them so tenderly painted, interest us by their picturesque particularity.

"Here the soft flocks, with that same harmless look
They wore alive, and ruminating still
In fancy's eye; and there the frowning bull,
And ox half-raised."

We are here in a confined world--close to us and near; and our sympathies with its inhabitants--human or brute--comprehend the very attitudes or postures in which the lightning found and left them; but the final verses waft us away from all that terror and pity--the geographical takes place of the pathetic--a visionary panorama of material objects supersedes the heart-throbbing region of the spiritual--for a mournful song instinct with the humanities, an ambitious bravura displaying the power and pride of the musician, now thinking not at all of us, and following the thunder only as affording him an opportunity for the display of his own art.

BULLER.

Are they good--or are they bad? I am dubious.

NORTH.

Thunder-storms travel fast and far--but here they seem simultaneous; Thule is more vociferous than the whole of Wales together--yet perhaps the sound itself of the verses is the loudest of all--and we cease to hear the thunder in the din that describes it.

BULLER.

Severe--but just.

NORTH.

Ha! Thou comest in such a questionable shape--

ENTRANT.

That I will speak to thee. How do you do, my dear sir? God bless you, how do you do?

NORTH.

Art thou a spirit of health or goblin damned?

ENTRANT.

A spirit of health.

NORTH.

It is--it is the voice of TALBOYS. Don't move an inch. Stand still for ten seconds--on the very same site, that I may have one steady look at you, to make assurance doubly sure--and then let us meet each other half-way in a Cornish hug.

TALBOYS.

Are we going to wrestle already, Mr North?

NORTH.

Stand still ten seconds more. He _is_ He--You _are_ You--gentlemen--H. G. Talboys--Seward, my crutch--Buller, your arm--

TALBOYS.

Wonderful feat of agility! Feet up to the ceiling--

NORTH.

Don't say ceiling--

TALBOYS.

Why not? ceiling--coelum. Feet up to heaven.

NORTH.

An involuntary feat--the fault of Swing--sole fault--but I always forget it when agitated--

BULLER.

Some time or other, sir, you will fly backwards and fracture your skull.

NORTH.

There, we have recovered our equilibrium--now we are in grips, don't fear a fall--I hope you are not displeased with your reception.

TALBOYS.

I wrote last night, sir, to say I was coming--but there being no speedier conveyance--I put the letter in my pocket, and there it is--

NORTH.

(_On reading_ "_Dies Boreales._--No. 1.")

A friend returned! spring bursting forth again!
The song of other years! which, when we roam,
Brings up all sweet and common things of home,
And sinks into the thirsty heart like rain!
Such the strong influence of the thrilling strain
By human love made sad and musical,
Yet full of high philosophy withal,
Poured from thy wizard harp o'er land and main!
A thousand hearts will waken at its call,
And breathe the prayer they breathed in earlier youth,--
May o'er thy brow no envious shadow fall!
Blaze in thine eye the eloquence of truth!
Thy righteous wrath the soul of guilt appal,
As lion's streaming hair or dragon's fiery tooth!

TALBOYS.

I blush to think I have given you the wrong paper.

NORTH.

It is the right one. But may I ask what you have on your head?

TALBOYS.

A hat. At least it was so an hour ago.

NORTH.

It never will be a hat again.

TALBOYS.

A patent hat--a waterproof hat--it was swimming, when I purchased it yesterday, in a pail--warranted against Lammas floods--

NORTH.

And in an hour it has come to this! Why, it has no more shape than a coal-heaver's.

TALBOYS.

Oh! then it can be little the worse. For that is its natural artificial shape. It is constructed on that principle--and the patentee prides himself on its affording equal protection to head, shoulders, and back--helmet at once and shield.

NORTH.

But you must immediately put on dry clothes--

TALBOYS.

The clothes I have on are as dry as if they had been taking horse-exercise all morning before a laundry-fire. I am waterproof all over--and I had need to be so--for between Inverary and Cladich there was much moisture in the atmosphere.

NORTH.

Do--do--go and put on dry clothes. Why the spot you stand on is absolutely swimming--

TALBOYS.

My Sporting-jacket, sir, is a new invention--an invention of my own--to the sight silk--to the feel feathers--and of feathers is the texture--- but that is a secret, don't blab it--and to rain I am impervious as a plover.

NORTH.

Do--do--go and put on dry clothes.

TALBOYS.

Intended to have been here last night--left Glasgow yesterday morning--and had a most delightful forenoon of it in the Steamer to Tarbert. Loch Lomond fairly outshone herself--never before had I felt the full force of the words--"Fortunate Isles." The Bens were magnificent. At Tarbert--just as I was disembarking--who should be embarking but our friends Outram, M'Culloch, Macnee----

NORTH.

And why are they not here?

TALBOYS.

And I was induced--I could not resist them--to take a trip on to Inverarnan. We returned to Tarbert and had a glorious afternoon till two this morning--thought I might lie down for an hour or two--but, after undressing, it occurred to me that it was advisable to redress--and be off instanter--so, wheeling round the head of Loch Long--never beheld the bay so lovely--I glided up the gentle slope of Glencroe and sat down on "Rest and be thankful"--to hold a minute's colloquy with a hawk--or some sort of eagle or another, who seemed to think nobody at that hour had a right to be there but himself--covered him to a nicety with my rod--and had it been a gun, he was a dead bird. Down the other--that is, this side of the glen, which, so far from being precipitous, is known to be a descent but by the pretty little cataracts playing at leap-frog--from your description I knew that must be Loch Fine--and that St Catherine's. Shall I drop down and signalise the Inverary Steamer? I have not time--so through the woods of Ardkinglass--surely the most beautiful in this world--to Cairndow. Looked at my watch--had forgot to wind her up--set her by the sun--and on nearing the inn door an unaccountable impulse landed me in the parlour to the right. Breakfast on the table for somebody up stairs--whom nobody--so the girl said--could awaken--ate it--and the ten miles were but one to that celebrated Circuit Town. Saluted Dun-nu-quech for your sake--and the Castle for the Duke's--and could have lingered all June among those gorgeous groves.

NORTH.

Do--do--go and put on dry clothes.

TALBOYS.

Hitherto it had been cool--shady--breezy--the very day for such a saunter--when all at once it was an oven. I had occasion to note that fine line of the Poet's--"Where not a lime-leaf moves," as I passed under a tree of that species, with an umbrage some hundred feet in circumference, and a presentiment of what was coming whispered "Stop here"--but the Fates tempted me on--and if I am rather wet, sir, there is some excuse for it--for there was thunder and lightning, and a great tempest.

NORTH.

Not to-day? Here all has been hush.

TALBOYS.

It came at once from all points of the compass--and they all met--all the storms--every mother's son of them--at a central point--where I happened to be. Of course, no house. Look for a house on an emergency, and if once in a million times you see one--the door is locked, and the people gone to Australia.

NORTH.