Chapter VI (8)

"The landed gentry and farmholders in this county, [Limerick,]
impelled by a national calamity, now at a crisis without
example in Ireland, have in contemplation a meeting to
represent to his Excellency the Lord-Lieutenant the utterly
prostrate condition of all agricultural property, and the
universal failure of every expedient in the best rural economy
to sustain the Irish farmer--destitute of capital, bereft
of legitimate protection, and overwhelmed by poor-rates and
taxes--_against the free-trade imports of the whole world_. The
ministerial policy of Great Britain, under sanction of a law
which thousands of her loyal subjects deprecated, invites _the
foreign trader from all ports known to the compass to import
at a nominal duty, and then suffers him to export in specie
only, for his own country_! What other ballast have the fleets
of foreign vessels conveyed from our shore for the last three
years _but metallic and bank currency_? With such immeasurably
unequal competition at his very door, the native grower finds
_no market for the produce of his honest industry, unless at a
price wholly incompatible with the position of a solvent man_.
He sells, alas! only to lose, and the selfish foreigner is
sure of profit on every cheap venture; while his speculation
renders no equivalent whatever to the revenue or taxation of
that state which encourages his importations at the expense of
our own independence; for the permanent independence of those
kingdoms implies the prosperity of Irish produce, and its
preference in the English market. Ireland, unfortunately, has
no trade or manufacture to employ her people, and wherefore
is best known to England; but her only staple, agriculture,
which all nations, ancient and modern, loved to cultivate, will
soon be little more than a name. The causes and effects of
this disastrous revolution the philosopher and historian will
hereafter do justice to. A preparatory meeting, relative to
the above, is now being held, with closed doors, in the county
court, Lord Monteagle in the chair. Poor-rate was the monster
grievance of discussion. The meeting broke up at 3 o'clock,
it having been decided to collect facts from every district
of the country in connexion with taxation and valuation of
property."--_Limerick Chronicle_, of Saturday, Oct. 26.

* * * * *

"THE LAND QUESTION.--A letter from Kilrush, dated the 27th
inst., and published in the _Clare Journal_, says:--'So eager
are the country farmers to make sale of their grain, that
every day is a market. Two causes seem to influence them;
first, their present and urgent necessities press upon them,
and, secondly, an opinion prevails, which appears not to be
confined to the west, that it is more secure to have the money
in their pockets than to leave the crop to become a prey to
agent or poor-rate collector; and also that, in the event of
no reduction being made in the annual rent, they may have no
difficulty in walking off. Such are the feelings operating on
the minds of the majority of the farmers in this locality. It
is now too plain and obvious, that should a reduction in the
rents take place here, it will come two years too late, as the
greater number of the farmers (formerly comfortable) have not
as much as would support their families for half the coming
year. This is a sad but true state of things, in a district
where, some few years since, the rents were paid, perhaps,
more regularly than in any other part of the south of Ireland.
A few have left their holdings, after selling every article,
leaving the naked walls of a house to the landlord, and gone
to a neighbouring townland, where the quality and cheapness
of the land presented a greater encouragement; but such cases
of flying tenants have become so common of late, that every
paper teems with similar statements. _If we are to have the
land cultivated here, the rents must not only be reduced to
half the former price_, but the tenant must be assisted to
set the crop, and encouraged to introduce a proper method of
cultivation, otherwise the land will be left idle, and _the
majority of the present occupiers will become inmates of the
workhouse_.'"--_Times_, Oct. 31, 1849.

"There must also be taken into account the dire domestic
privations endured for the last three years of famine, the
general flight of tenants with the landlords' rent, the
desertion of the land, impoverished to the last degree by
the runaways, yet for whose dishonesty and abuse of solemn
contract the unfortunate proprietor is held responsible--the
abandoned farms being still subject to accumulation of
poor-rate and taxes. Then come the distraint, the impounding,
the sale and sacrifice of property; while the home market,
_swamped by free trade with foreigners_, has left landlord and
farmer no help or resource whatever to bear up against the
intolerable oppression of financial burdens, sanctioned by
law, under the free constitution of Great Britain! One case
of grievous suffering by a respectable family in this county
was communicated to the preparatory meeting on Saturday last,
by one of the gentlemen present. The possessor of a rent-roll
of £1500 a-year landed estate, which netted £1200 _annually
four years ago, was absolutely compelled to subsist with his
wife and seven children for three months of the past twelve,
without the ordinary comfort of a meat dinner_; a cup of weak
tea or coffee, and the vegetables of the kitchen-garden,
commonly furnishing the table of this most wretched household!
Incredible and appalling as this may appear, we have been
assured it is not a solitary instance of the excessive want and
privation known to exist."--_Times_, Nov. 4, 1849.

So much for the working of free trade and a restricted currency in the Emerald Isle. One would suppose, in reading these melancholy accounts, we were not dealing with any people in modern times, but transported back to those dismal periods, after the fall of the Roman empire, when the contemporary annalists contemplated the extinction of the human race, from the desolation of some of its provinces.

This dreadful state of things in Ireland is but a repetition of what, under the operation of these causes, aided by the fatal step of unqualified emancipation, has for some years been going on in the West Indies. We have not room to enlarge on this prolific subject, teeming as it does with facts illustrative of the effects of the free-trade system. They are generally known. Suffice it to say, the _West Indies are totally ruined_. British colonies, on which £120,000,000 sterling has been expended, and which fifteen years ago produced £22,000,000 worth of agricultural produce annually, have been irrecoverably destroyed. The fee-simple of all the estates they contain would not sell for £5,000,000 sterling. We know an estate in the West Indies, which formerly used to net £1500 a-year, and to which £7000 worth of the best new machinery was sent within the last five years, which the proprietor would be too happy to sell, machinery and all, for £5000.

CANADA has lately shared largely in the moral earthquake which has so violently shaken all parts of the British empire. We subjoin an extract from the temperate and dignified statement of their grievances, lately published by 350 of the leading men at Montreal, to show how largely free trade enters into them.

"Belonging to all parties, origins, and creeds, but yet agreed
upon the advantage of co-operation for the performance of a
common duty to ourselves and our country, growing out of a
common necessity, we have consented, in view of a brighter and
happier future, to merge in oblivion all past differences, of
whatever character, or attributable to whatever source. In
appealing to our fellow-colonists to unite with us in this our
most needful duty, we solemnly conjure them, as they desire a
successful issue, and the welfare of their country, to enter
upon the task, at this momentous crisis, in the same fraternal
spirit.

_The reversal of the ancient policy of Great Britain, whereby
she withdrew from the colonies their wonted protection in
her markets, has produced the most disastrous effects upon
Canada._ In surveying the actual condition of the country,
what _but ruin or rapid decay meets the eye_? Our provincial
government and civic corporations embarrassed; our banking
and other securities greatly depreciated; our mercantile and
agricultural interests alike unprosperous; real estate scarcely
saleable upon any terms; our unrivalled rivers, lakes, and
canals almost unused; while commerce abandons our shores, _the
circulating capital amassed under a more favourable system is
dissipated_, with none from any quarter to replace it! Thus,
without available capital, unable to effect a loan with foreign
states, or with the mother country, although offering security
greatly superior to that which readily obtains money both from
the United States and Great Britain, when other than colonists
are the applicants:--crippled, therefore, and checked in the
full career of private and public enterprise, this possession
of the British crown--our country--stands before the world in
humiliating contrast with its immediate neighbours, exhibiting
every symptom of a nation fast sinking to decay.

With superabundant water-power and cheap labour, especially
in Lower Canada, we have yet no domestic manufactures; nor
can the most sanguine, unless under altered circumstances,
anticipate the home growth, or advent from foreign parts, of
either capital or enterprise to embark in this great source of
national wealth. Our institutions, unhappily, have not that
impress of permanence which can alone impart security and
inspire confidence, and the Canadian market is too limited to
tempt the foreign capitalist.

While the adjoining states are covered with a network of
thriving railways, Canada possesses but three lines, which,
together, scarcely exceed fifty miles in length, and the stock
in two of which is held at a depreciation of from 50 to 80
per cent--a fatal symptom of the torpor overspreading the
land."--_Times_, Oct. 31.

In what graphic terms are the inevitable results of free trade and a restricted currency here portrayed by the sufferers under their effects! Colonial protection withdrawn; home industry swamped by foreign; canals unused! banks alarmed; capital dissipated; rivers and harbours untenanted; property unsaleable! One would have thought they were transcribing from this magazine some of the numerous passages in which we have predicted its effects. And let England recollect, Canada now employs 1,100,000 of the tonnage of Great Britain. Let it be struck off, and added to the other side, and the British tonnage, employed in carrying on our trade, will, in a few years, be _made less than the foreign_.[31]

[31]

[I.]British tonnage. Foreign.
British tonnage to British North
American colonies, 1846, 1,076,162
To United States of America, 205,123 435,399
Total tonnage in British trade to
all countries, 4,294,733 1,806,282
Deduct Canadian tonnage, 1,076,162
---------
British tonnage after losing Canada, 3,228,571
Foreign tonnage after gaining Canada, 1,076,162
---------
2,882,444
--PORTER'S _Parliamentary Tables_, 1846, p. 52.

The repeal of the Navigation Laws in 1847 gave such an impulse to foreign shipping, that, in the first year after the loss of Canada, the foreign shipping employed in our trade would exceed the British, even supposing we only lost _two-thirds_ of Canadian trade by its independence.

One would have thought, from the present state of Canada, that our colonial secretary had followed the advice of Franklin in his "Rules for making a _great Empire a small one_."

"If you are told of _discontents_ in your colonies, never
believe that they are general, or that you have given occasion
for them; therefore, _do not think of applying any remedy or
of changing any offensive measure_. Redress no grievance, lest
they should be encouraged to demand the redress of some other
grievance. Yield no redress that is just and reasonable, lest
they should make another demand that is unreasonable. _Take
all your informations of the state of your colonies from your
governors_ and officers in enmity with them....

If you see _rival nations_ rejoicing at the prospect of
your disunion with your provinces, and endeavouring to
promote it--if they translate, publish, and applaud all the
complaints of your discontented colonists, at the same time
privately stimulating you to severer measures--let not that
alarm or offend you. Why should it? You all mean the same
thing."--(_Rules 16 and 17._)

If our rulers had followed the advice of the sages of former times, instead of the theories of modern bullionists and interested parties, they would have avoided this unparalleled accumulation of disasters. Hear the greatest and wisest of men, Lord Bacon, on the subject:--

"'For the home trade I first commend to your consideration the
encouragement of tillage, which will enable the kingdom to
provide corn for the natives, and to spare for importation; and
I myself have known more than once, when in times of dearth, in
Queen Elizabeth's days, it drained much coin of the kingdom to
furnish us with corn from foreign parts.'

He added also--

'Let the foundation of a profitable trade be so laid that the
exportation of home commodities be more in value than the
importation of foreign, so we shall be sure that the stocks
of the kingdom shall yearly increase, for then the balance of
trade must be returned in money.'

And Lord Bacon went on to give this wholesome piece of advice:--

'Instead of crying up all things which are either brought from
beyond sea or wrought by the hands of strangers, let us advance
the native commodities of our own kingdom, and employ our own
countrymen before strangers.'"--_Bacon's Essays._

"Trade," says Locke, "is necessary to the production of riches,
_and money to the carrying on of trade_. This is principally to
be looked after, and taken care of; for if this be neglected,
we shall in vain, by contrivances among ourselves, and
shuffling the little money we have from one hand to another,
endeavour to prevent our wants: decay of trade will quickly
waste all the remainder; and then the landed man, who thinks,
perhaps, by the fall of interest, to raise the value of his
land, will find himself cruelly mistaken, when, the money being
gone, (as it will be if our trade be not kept up,) he can get
neither farmer to rent, nor purchaser to buy, his land."...

"If one-third of the money employed in trade were locked up or
gone out of England, must not the landlords receive one-third
less for their goods, and, consequently, rents fall--a less
quantity of money by one-third being to be distributed
amongst an equal number of receivers? Indeed, people, not
perceiving the money to be gone, are apt to be jealous, one of
another; and each suspecting another's inequality of gain to
rob him of his share, every one will be employing his skill
and power, the best he can, to retrieve it again, and to
bring money into his pocket in the same plenty as formerly.
But this is but scrambling amongst ourselves, and helps no
more against our wants than the pulling of a short coverlid
will, amongst children that lie together, preserve them all
from the cold--_some will starve, unless the father of the
family provide better, and enlarge the scanty covering_. This
pulling and contest is usually between the candid man and the
merchant."--LOCKE'S _Works_, v. 14, 70, 71. _Considerations on
Rate of Interest and Raising the Value of Money._

We add only the opinion of a great authority with the Free-traders, Mr Malthus, which seems almost prophetic of what is now passing in this country. We are indebted for it to the _Morning Post_, which has consistently argued the doctrines of protection and an adequate currency since they were first assailed.

"If the price of corn were to fall to 50s. a quarter, and
labour and other commodities nearly in proportion, there can
be no doubt that the stockholder would be benefited unfairly
at the expense of the industrious classes of society. During
the twenty years, beginning with 1794, and ending with 1813,
the average price of wheat was about 83s.; during ten years,
ending with 1813, 92s.; and during the last five years of this
same twenty, the price was 108s. In the course of these twenty
years, government borrowed near £500,000,000 of real capital,
exclusive of the sinking fund, at the rate of about five per
cent interest. But if corn shall fall to 50s. a quarter, and
other commodities in proportion, instead of an interest of five
per cent., the government will really pay an interest of seven,
eight, and nine, and for the last £200,000,000, of ten per
cent. This must be paid by the industrious classes of society,
and by the landlords; that is, by all those whose nominal
incomes vary with the variations in the measure of value; and
if we completely _succeed in the reduction of the price of corn
and labour_, this increased interest must be paid in future
from a revenue of about _half the nominal value of the national
income in 1813_. If we consider with what an increased weight
the taxes on tea, sugar, malt, soap, candles, &c., would in
this case bear on the labouring classes of society, and what
proportion of their income all the active, industrious middle
orders of the state, as well as the higher orders, must pay, in
assessed taxes and the various articles of custom and excise,
_the pressure will appear to be absolutely intolerable_.
Indeed, if the measure of value were really to fall as we have
supposed, there is great reason to fear that the country would
be _absolutely unable to continue the payment of the present
interest of the national debt_."--_Malthus's Essays._

This was Mr Malthus's anticipation of the effect of wheat falling to 50s. What would he have said of it at 40s., its present average price? We recommend the concluding paragraph to the notice of the fund-holders, by whose influence the late changes have mainly been introduced.

But let the Free-traders be of good cheer--they have done marvellous things. They have accomplished what no British statesmen, since the days of Alfred, have been able to effect. They have stopped the growth of our population, and, for the first time for four centuries, rendered it retrograde. They have sent from two hundred and fifty to three hundred thousand people yearly out of the country, for three years, in search of food. They have lowered the Irish circulation of notes a half. They have, with one blow, swamped the Poor-law Amendment Act in England, and rendered rates higher, even with prices extremely low, than they ever were in English history. They have extirpated 200,000 cultivators in Ireland. They have cut £80,000,000 a-year off from the remuneration of cultivation and the encouragement of the home market to our manufactures in Great Britain. They have lowered railway property more than a half. They have destroyed, at least, a half of the whole commercial and trading wealth of the manufacturing towns. They have made the nation dependant, in two years, for a fourth of its subsistence on foreign states. They have rendered the maintenance of the national independence, if the present system is persisted in, impossible. They have destroyed £100,000,000 worth of property in the West Indies. They have sown the seeds of revolt in Canada, and rendered its separation, at no distant period, from Great Britain a matter of certainty. They have repealed the Navigation Laws, and thereby cut off the right arm of our naval strength. They are fast laying the seeds of dismemberment in our colonial empire. They will soon reduce, if unchecked in their career, the immense empire of England to two islands, oppressed with taxes, eaten up by paupers, importing a third of their annual subsistence from foreign states, brought in in foreign bottoms. These are the effects of FREE TRADE AT ITS ZENITH. What will they be at its Nadir?

INDEX TO VOL. LXVI.

Abercromby, Mr, in Sardinia, 587.

ACROSS THE ATLANTIC, 567.

Æneas, Payne Knight's criticisms on, 375.

Africa, Jonathan in, 172
--its deserts, 464.

Agricultural interest, overthrow of, by the free-traders, 115
--population of Wales, character, &c. of the, 330.

Agriculture, alleged injury from the game laws to, 73
--distressed state of, in Ireland, 774
--and Spain, 719.

ALBUM, OUR, for the last page of, 205.

Alfieri, the autobiography of, 294.

Alison on taste, remarks on, 13
--on Virgil, 246
--on Homer, 255.

America, increase of its shipping under the reciprocity system, 117, 118
--cost of raising grain in, 120
--forests of, 464.

Andalusia, Mr Dundas Murray's work on, 705.

Anne, Queen, national debt under, 666.

Anti-game law association, the, 63.

Antro de Nettuno in Sardinia, the, 40.

Ardara, early paintings in, 46.

Army, Cobden's crusade against the, 584.

Art, specimens of early, in Sardinia, 46
--influence of religion on, 261.

Artist, the, not a mere imitator, 412.

Asia, its mountains, 462
--table-lands, 463.

Assignment system for convicts, advantages of the, 532.

Atala et Réné, Chateaubriand's, 301.

Atheism, Christopher, &c. on, 31.

Attitu in Sardinia, the, 43.

Audiganne, M., on the state of France, 233.

Australia, commerce of, in relation to the convict system, 527
--exports per head to, _ib._
--obstacles to free emigration to, 533.

Austria, the contest between, and Hungary, 589
--Cobden on, 591.

Austrian loan, Cobden on the, 602.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY--CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS, 292.

Bacon, Lord, on the principles of trade, 777.

Bad temper, Christopher on, 5.

BADEN INSURRECTION, the, 206
--as one result of the revolutionary movement, 429
--its causes, &c., _ib._

Baden-Baden, state of, 431.

Baltic shipping, increase of, under the reciprocity system, 117, 118.

Banditti, Sardinian, 41.

Bank, danger of the, in 1823, 675
--charter act of 1844, the, 758.

Barton, Bernard, letters of Lamb to, 149.

Bawr, Madame, tale by, 609.

Beattie, Dr, on Gray's elegy, 242.

Beauty, Christopher on the faculty of, 29
--relations of virtue to, 259.

Blair, Dr, on Virgil's description of thunder, 12.

Blanc, Louis, his "Protest," 234.

Blind, one of the Baden insurgents, 208.

Bolingbroke on the national debt, 665.

Boroughs, predominance given by the Reform Bill to, 113.

Boswell's Life of Johnson, on, 296.

Botany Bay, effects of the transportation system on, 528.

Braybrooke Lord, his edition of Pepys' Diary, 501.

Bread stuffs, importation of, 766.

Brentano, one of the Baden insurgents, 206, 207, 208, 211, 215.

Brigands, Spanish, 706.

Bright, Mr, motives of, in his anti-game-law agitation, 63
--on poaching, 70.

Brougham, Lord, on the marriage law of Scotland, 269
--on transportation, &c., 525.

Brown, Dr Thomas, on Gray's elegy, 241.

Bugeaud, Marshal, 227.

Buonaparte and the Bourbons, Chateaubriand's pamphlet called, 304.

Burritt, Elihu, 583.

Bute, Lord, bribery under, 666.

Butler's Analogy, the argument for immortality from, 311.

Byron, on a passage from, 367
--his description of Velino, 372
--his autobiography, 295.

Cabrera, the last insurrection of, 707.

Cadet de Colobrières, the, 607.

Cæsar's Commentaries, on, 292.

Campbell, Lord, attack on Lord Lyndhurst by, 131
--on the Scottish marriage bill, 265, 273.

Canaanites, presumed relics of the, in Sardinia, 36.

Canada bill, debates on the, 131
--commerce of, in relation to the convict system, 527
--exports per head to, _ib._
--effects of free trade on, 776.

CANADAS, CIVIL REVOLUTION IN--A REMEDY, 471.

Cape, commerce of, in relation to the convict system, 527
--resistance in, to its being made a penal settlement, 535.

Cardiganshire, rarity of the English language in, 328.

Carlist movement, the late, in Spain, 707.

Carlsruhe, the revolt at, 206
--capture of, by the Prussians, 215.

Carta de Logu of Sardinia, the, 40.

Carthaginians in Sardinia, the, 34
--their disappearance, 36.

Castlemaine, Lady, 516.

Cavaignac, General, during the June conflict, 231, 232.

CAXTONS, the, Part XIV. chap. lxxx., 48
--chap. lxxxi., 55
--chap. lxxxii., 59
--chap. lxxxiii., 60
--Part XV. chap. lxxxiv., 151
--chap. lxxxv., 152
--chap. lxxxvi., Vivian--at the entrance of life sits the mother, _ib._
--chap. lxxxvii., The preceptor, 155
--chap. lxxxviii., The hearth without trust, and the world without a
guide, 157
--chap. lxxxix., The attempt to build a temple to fortune out of the
ruins of home, 159
--chap. xc., The results--perverted ambition, &c., 160
--chap. xci., 164
--chap. xcii., 165
--chap. xciii., 167
--chap. xciv., 171
--Part XVI. chap. xcv., 277
--chap. xcvi., 283
--chap. xcvii., 285
--chap. xcviii., 286
--chap. xcix., 289
--chap. c., 290
--Part the Last, chap. ci., 391
--chap. cii., 393
--chap. ciii., 394
--chap. civ., 396
--chap. cv., 397
--chap. cvi., 400
--chap. cvii., 403
--chap. cviii., 405.

Celtic race, character of the Welsh, 335.

Chapman's Homer, on, 257.

Charles II., sketches of the time of, 501, _et seq._

CHARLES LAMB, 133.

Chartism, prevalence of, in Wales, 337.

CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS, 292.

Chateaubriand, vanity of, 300
--his successive works, 301.

Chatham, Lord, his system of colonial policy, 471.

Christ's Hospital, Charles Lamb at, 135.

Christianity, Christopher on, 30.

Christian morality, on, 30.

Christina, Spain under, 704.

CHRISTOPHER UNDER CANVASS, _see_ DIES BOREALES.

Christopher in the Sulks--a sketch, 3.

Church of England, state of the, in Wales, 333
--of Scotland, opposition of, to the marriage and registration
bills, 266.

CIVIL REVOLUTION IN THE CANADAS--A REMEDY, 471.

Clamor Publico, the, 710.

Classes at Yverdun, the, 104.

Classical, on the significance of, 25.

Claudius in Hamlet, on, 639, 646.

Close boroughs, advantages of the, 111.

Coal, export of, from Wales, 329, 330.

Cobden, review of the career of, 581, _et seq._
--speech of, at the Hungarian meeting, 591.

Cockburn of Ormiston, character of, 351.

Coleridge, intimacy of Lamb with, 136
--Talfourd's account of, 142.

Colonial policy, British system of, 471.

Colonies, effects of the protective system on, 110
--virtually disfranchised by the Reform Bill, 113
--influence of the transportation system on their commerce, 527.

Comic, present rage for the, 145.

Commerce, effects of the protection system on, 110
--effects of the new currency system on, 123
--colonial, influence of the transportation system on, 527.

Commons, house of, all classes represented in, prior to the Reform
Bill, 111.

Confiscations, the revolutionary, in France, 225.

Conjuror, the, 692.

Constitution, the German, and its rejection, 425.

Consumer and producer, different interests of, 112.

Convict system, general review of the, 519, _et seq._

Convicts, instruction of, in a trade, 520.

Copper, smelting, &c. of, in Wales, 329, 330.

Cordova, General, in Italy, 709.

Corn Laws, the abolition of the, 115.

Corunna, the embarkation at, 696.

Cotton manufactures, profits &c. on, in America, 473.

Cowan, Mr, on the game laws, 68.

Crichton, Mr, on game-law prosecutions, 70.

Crime, increase of, 126, 773
--statistics of, for Wales, 332
--statistics of recent, 519.

Criminals, reformation of, in New South Wales, 526.

CROWNING OF THE COLUMN, the, and the Crushing of the Pedestal, 108.

Cruachan, thunder-storm on, 8.

Cuba, state of, prospects of its separation from Spain, &c., 711
_et seq._

Cunninghame, Mr, on the reformation of convicts, 526.

Currency system, the new, and its effects, 122, 756, 759, _et seq._

Davenant, Dr Charles, on the national debt, 663.

Dead, mourning for the, in Sardinia, 43.

Death, Butler's argument regarding, 382.

Delta, Disenchantment by, 563.

Democracy, error of principle of, 222.

Democratic tendencies in Wales, influence of dissent on, 337.

De Ruyter, Admiral, 511.

DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS, 501.

Dickens, the works of, 380.

Dies Boreales, No. I., sonnet on reading, 18.

DIES BOREALES, No. II. Christopher under canvass, 1
--Christopher in the sulks, a sketch, 3
--on temper, 5
--a, thunder-storm, 6, _et seq._
--Virgil's description of thunder, 11
--Lucretius', 15
--Thomson's, 16
--arrival of Talboys, 17
--on the signification of classical, 25
--on scholarship, 27
--on beauty and morals, 29
--Christianity and its morality, 30
--Scepticism and its results, 31
--No. III., on impersonation, 238
--Shakspeare, 239
--Inishail and its churchyard, 240
--Gray's elegy, _ib._
--on Alison and Virgil, 246
--on a passage in Hamlet, 252
--and one in Homer, 255
--the self-sustainment of the Homeric heroes, 258
--Alison's Essay on Taste, 259
--on virtue and vice, 260
--influence of religion on art, 261
--on materialism, 262
--No. IV., 363
--a rain storm, 364
--on angling, 366
--on Byron's description of the Clitumnus, 367
--and of Velino, 372
--on immortality, and Butler's argument for it, 380
--No. V. on Macbeth, 620.

DISENCHANTMENT, by [Greek: D], 563.

Disraeli's Essay on the literary character, 297.

Dissent, statistics of, in Wales, 333
--fostering of chartism by, there, 338.

DOMINIQUE, a sketch from life: the two students, 77
--Mother and Son, 79
--The double duel, 83
--Five years later, 85
--The Horse-riders, 87
--Foes and Friends, 91.

Dormitory at Yverdun, the, 99.

DOUBLEDAY'S FINANCIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND, review of, 655.

Dream-Fugue on sudden death, a, 750.

Dreams, the, in Shakspeare, 642.

Drysdale _versus_ Jamieson, game-law decision in, 75.

Dudevant, Madame, La Petite Fadette by, 607.

Dumas, Alexandre, recent novels of, 610
--works announced by, 619.

Dutch, naval contests of the, with England, 509.

Dyer, George, 141.

Earth, peninsular tendency in the, 461
--its interior, 462.

Eas-a-Bhrogich, cave at, 9.

Ecclesiastical property, abuses connected with, in Wales, 354

Economists, rise of the, 113.

Education, sketches of the Pestalozzian system of, 93, _et seq._
--relations of crime in Great Britain to, 520.

Ehrenberg, discoveries of, regarding the Infusoria, 466.

Eichbald, Lieutenant, in Baden, 208, 210.

Eleanora, Guidicessa of Sardinia, 39.

Electric Telegraph, proposed introduction of, into Spain, 721.

Embarkation, the, 696.

Emigrants, annual number of, 537.

Emigration, increase of, under the free-trade system, 126, 772
--its expense to different localities, 533.

Emulation, rejection of, by Pestalozzi, 95.

Enfant Trouvé of Paris, the, 226.

Enghien, the Duc d', conduct of Chateaubriand on the murder of, 304.

England, growth of, under the navigation laws and restrictive system, 108
--feeling of alienation in Wales from, 327
--crime in, compared with Wales, 332
--the naval contest of, with the Dutch, 509
--statistics of crime in, 519.

ENGLISH MAIL-COACH, or the glory of motion, 485
--going down with victory, 496
--continuation: the Vision of Sudden Death, 741.

English autobiographies, rarity of, 299
--language, partial diffusion of the, in Wales, 328.

Enzio, King of Sardinia, sketch of, 38.

Erbe, one of the Baden insurgents, 208.

Essai Historique, Lamartine's, 301.

Evelyn, the diary of, 502
--account of Lady Frances Stuart by, 515.

Expatriation, effects of, in reforming criminals, 525, _et seq._

Exports, decrease of, 123
--colonial, influence of the transportation system on, 527
--influence of free trade on, 765.

Famille Recour, the, 609.

Farmers, alleged injury from game to the, 73
--and farming in Wales, state of, 330
--of Canada, effects of the restrictive system on, 476.

Female characters of Shakspeare, the, 239.

Fergusson on Gray's elegy, 242.

Feudal system, alleged origin of the game laws with the, 66.

Fickler, one of the Baden insurgents, 206, 208, 211.

Finance, importance of the subject of, and general ignorance regarding
it, 655.

Finances, the French, effects of the late revolution on, 232
--the Russian, Cobden on, 595
--the Spanish, statistics regarding, 711, _et seq._

Fire of London, the, 508.

Fleet, the English, state of, under Charles II., 510.

Foreign interference, Whig, 586.

Foreign shipping, increase of, under the reciprocity system, 117.

Foudras, the Marquis de, novels of, 609.

Foundlings, numbers of, in Paris, 226.

Fountainhall's diary, on, 502.

FRANCE, THE REVOLUTION OF 1848 IN, Lamartine's account of, 219.

Franchise, practical extent of the, before the Reform Bill, 111.

FRANCIS' CHRONICLES OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE, review of, 655.

Frankfort parliament, the, and its fall, 425.

Frankfort, occupation of, by the Prussians, 427
--atrocities of the Red republicans in, 598.

FREE TRADE AT ITS ZENITH, 756.

Free trade, review of the effects of, 108.

FRENCH NOVELS OF 1849, the, 607
--autobiographies, multitude and character of, 298
--materialism, on, 261.

Fröbel, one of the Baden insurgents, 208.

Funding system, general ignorance regarding
the, 655
--evils accruing from it, 666.

Fuorisciti in Sardinia, the, 41.

Gagern, Herr von, 435.

Game, increased consumption of, 71.

GAME LAWS IN SCOTLAND, the, 63
--examination of the arguments against, 68
--alleged cost of prosecutions under, 69.

Gang system for convicts, evils of the, 532.

Gayford, Mr, on the injury done by game, 69.

Génie du Christianisme, Chateaubriand's, 301.

Gentilhommes Chasseurs, the, 610.

Gentry, the Welsh, character of, 335, 338.

Geography, physical and general, distinction between, 460, 461.

George II., debt contracted under, 666.

German unity, failure of the realisation of, 424.

GERMANY, REVOLUTIONARY, WHAT HAS SHE ATTAINED? 424
--northern and southern, disunion between, 428.

Gibbon's autobiography, on, 292.

Girardin, M. during the revolution of 1848, 227.

Girondists, Lamartine's History of the, 220, 221.

Giudici in Sardinia, the, 37.

Glasgow, increase of pauperism in, 127, 772
--the Queen's visit to, 361.

Godwin, William, Talfourd's sketch of, 141.

Goegg, one of the Baden insurgents, 206, 208, 211.

Goethe, on the autobiography of, 295
--the centenary of, 435.

Good temper, Christopher on, 5.

Gore district in Canada, state of, 473.

Government, indifference of the, to Scottish affairs, 264.

Grain, importation of, under the free-trade system, 118, 119, 766.

Grammont's memoirs, on, 501.

GRANGE, LADY, new light on the story of, 347.

Gravitation, Sir J. Herschel on, 459.

Gray's Elegy, on, 240.

Great Britain, progress of, under the navigation laws, 108
--her colonial policy, 471
--her position in relation to the continental powers, 587
--origin of the national debt of, 657, 662
--state of, under James II., 657
--progress of the national debt, 666.

Greeks and their poetry, Christopher on, 25
--emblems employed by the, for immortality, 380.

GREEN HAND, the, Part III., 183
--Part IV., 305
--Part V., 436
--Part VI., 723.

Grey, Earl, on the Reform Bill, 146.

Gröben, General Von, in Baden, 214.

Grove, Mr, on the co-relation of the physical sciences, 460.

Gurney, Mr, on the cost of the army, &c., 763.

Guy, Thomas, founder of the hospital, 669.

Gwynne, Nell, Pepys' account of, 516.

Hamlet, on a passage in, 252.

Hazlitt, Talfourd's account of, 143.

Hecate of Shakspeare, the, 625.

Hecker-Lied, the, 435.

Heidelberg, the insurrection in, 206
--entrance of the Prussians into, 214.

Hélène, remarks on, 607.

Herschel, Sir J., on gravitation, 459.

Heskir, imprisonment of Lady Grange at, 347.

Hesse-Darmstadt, revolutionary attempt at, 208.

Heyne on the Homeric heroes, 257.

Highlanders, improvement in the character of the, 336.

Himalayas, heights, &c., of the, 462.

Hirschfeld, General, in Baden, 212.

History, association of, with locality, 655.

H'Lassa, city of, 463.

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, acquisition of, by Prussia, 434.

Homer, the dreams in, 642.

Hope of Rankeillour, connexion of, with the case of Lady Grange,
348, 350.

Hospitality, Sardinian, anecdotes of, 42.

Hugo, Victor, and the Peace Congress, 583
--his Notre Dame, 655.

Humboldt's Cosmos, remarks on, 456, _et seq._

Hume's Autobiography, on, 293.

Hungary, the movement in, its objects, &c., 588
--meeting to sympathise with it, 590
--the executions in, 599.

Ilay, Lord, 353, 355.

Imitation not the perfection of art, 412.

Immortality, Christopher on, 32
--Butler's argument for, 380, _et sq._

Impersonation, on, 238, 645, 646.

Imports, increase of, 123, 766.

Imprisonment, experienced inefficiency of, 519
--its expense, 521
--causes of its failure, 522.

India, completion of the British empire in, 108.

Industry, effects of the late revolution on, in France, 233.

Inishail, churchyard in, 240.

Insects, formation of rocks by, 465, 466
--those of America, 467.

INSURRECTION IN BADEN, the, 206.

Intellect, predominance of, in France, 299.

Ireland, the round towers of, 36
--the Queen's visit to, 361
--recent statistics of crime in, 522
--depressed state of agriculture in, 774.

Irish, resemblance of the Sardes to the, 40
--transported convicts, superiority of, and its causes, 531.

Iron, produce, &c., of, in Wales, 329, 330.

Irreligion, influence of, in France, 224.

Italy, proceedings of Lord Minto in, 587
--the Spanish army in, 709.

James II., revenue, &c., of Great Britain, under, 657.

Jean le Trouveur, romance of, 612.

Jeffrey's exposition of Alison on Taste, on, 13.

Jews, revolutionary tendency of the, in Germany, 435
--early connexion of the, with stock-jobbing, 663.

Johnson, Boswell's life of, 296.

JOHNSTON'S PHYSICAL ATLAS, review of, 456.

Joint-stock companies, rise of, 669
--those of 1823, &c., 673.

JONATHAN IN AFRICA, 72.

Journalists, the, the leaders of revolution in France, 219
--their political predominance there, 299.

KALOOLAH, review of, 172.

Kames, Lord, on Virgil's description of thunder, 12.

Khoonawur, pass of, 463.

Knight, Payne, on Virgil's Æneas, 375
--on Macbeth, 621.

Kossuth, views of, in Hungary, 589.

Krauss, Major, 690.

Labouchère, Mr, on Canada, 478.

Ladenburg, skirmish at, 212.

LAMARTINE'S REVOLUTION OF 1848, 219
--on his history of the Girondists, 220, 221
--his _Confidences_, and _Raphael_, 298, 301
--his vanity, 300.

LAMB, CHARLES, 133
--Miss Mary, 137.

Lamoricière, General, during the June conflict, 231.

Land, the protective system in its relations to, 111.

Landed interest, predominance given by the Reform Bill over the, 113.

Landscape painter, qualifications necessary for the, 412.

Language, effects in Wales of the differences of, 327.

La Patrie on the industrial state of France, 233.

Laudenbach, revolutionary attempt at, 208.

Lawrence, (U.S.,) rise of, 472.

Le Grice, Mr, account of Charles Lamb by, 135.

Leiningen, Prince, manifesto of, 434.

Lloyd, Charles, 139.

Locke on the principles of trade, 777.

London, consumption of game in, 72
--importation of grain into, 120
--the great plague of, 506
--the fire of, 508
--importation of grain into, 767.

London Tavern, Hungarian meeting at, 590.

Long Parliament, revenue raised by the, 657.

Lopez, Mannasseh, stock exchange fraud by, 668.

Lord Advocate, the, his Marriage and Registration bills, 263.

Lotteries, evils, &c., of the, 671.

Louis Philippe, conduct of, during the revolution of 1848, 227, 228
--intrigues of, in Spain, 722.

Lovat, Lord, connexion of, with the case of Lady Grange, 347.

Lowell, rapid progress of, 472.

Lucretius, description of thunder by, 15.

Lyell, Mr, on gradual subsidence and upheaval, 465.

Lyndhurst, Lord, Lord Campbell's attack on, 131.

LYNMOUTH REVISITED, 412.

Macaulay, Mr, examination of his picture of England under the Stuarts,
658.

Macbeth, criticisms on tragedy of, 621, _et seq._
--Lady, on the character of, 622.

Mackay, J. R., revelations of parliamentary bribery by, 666.

M'Neill, Mr, on the proposed Marriage and Registration bills, 266, 270.

Madden, Mr, on the state of Cuba, 711, _et seq._

MAIL-COACH, the, or the glory of motion, 485
--going down with victory, 496
--continued, 741.

Malta, proposed to be made a penal colony, 535.

Malte Brun on the transportation system, 528.

Malthus, Mr, on the corn-law question, 777.

Man that wasn't drowned, the, 691.

Manasa, lake of, 463.

Manchester, (U.S.,) rise of, 472.

Manning, letters of Lamb to, 147.

Manufactures, protective system toward, 110
--French, effects of the late revolution on, 233
--progress of, in the United States, 471
--profits on them there, 473
--of Spain, the, 719.

Manufacturing population of Wales, character, &c., of the, 329.

Mar, the Earl of, 352
--Lady, 354, _et seq._

Mardi, remarks on, 172.

Marriage bill, the proposed Scottish, 263.

Massachusetts, advantages from manufactures to, 472.

Materialism, on, 261.

MAYO'S KALOOLAH, review of, 172.

Medina the Jew, 663.

Meiroslawski, the leader of the Baden insurgents, 210, 212.

MELVILLE'S REDBURN, review of, 567
--Mardi, remarks on, 172.

Méry, M., le Transporté by, 619.

Metternich, a Baden leader, 208.

Meyer, Dr, 329.

Military, revolt of the, in Baden, 430.

Milnes, R. M., the Hungarian question brought forward by, 590.

Miners of Wales, character of the, 329, 331.

Minto, Lord, proceedings of, in Italy, 587.

Mitford, Rev. Mr, on Gray's elegy, 242.

Monetary crises, danger of, 762, 771.

Moneyed interest, rise of the, 112
--its origin with the Revolution, 663.

Monitorial system, the, as used by Pestalozzi, 95.

Monkey and the cat, the, 698.

Monmouth, the Duke of, Pepys' account of, 516.

Montemolin, the Count, character, &c. of, 707.

Montpensier, the Duc de, weakness of, during the Revolution, 228.

Moore's life of Byron, on, 295.

MORAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION OF WALES, the, 326.

Morality, state of, in Wales, 333.

Morals, impossibility of a definite standard of, 29.

Moroseness, Christopher on, 5.

Mosquito, the, 467.

Motion, the glory of, 485.

Mountains, Mrs Somerville, &c. on, 462.

Murder tragedies, on, 646.

Murillo, financial schemes, &c. of, 720.

Murray, Mr Dandas, his "Andalusia," 705.

My Dream, 702.

MY PENINSULAR MEDAL, Part I., chap. i., 539
--chap. ii., 544
--chap. iii., 556
--Part II. chap. iv., 678
--chap. v., 683
--chap. vi., 690.

Napoleon, Chateaubriand's account of, 303.

NARVAEZ, SPAIN UNDER, 704
--ministry, the recent displacement of, 722.

National character, the Welsh, 335.

National debt, introduction of the, by William III., 662
--its progress, 666
--the Spanish, 714.

NATIONAL DEBT AND STOCK EXCHANGE, the, 655.

National guard of Paris, desertion of the Assembly by the, 229.

National independence, danger to the, 768.

Natural children, numbers, &c. of, in Paris, 226.

Naturalist, the, 696.

Nature as a revelation, on, 31.

Navigation laws, growth of England under, and effects of their repeal,
108.

Nelson on the importance of Sardinia, 33.

Nemours, the Duc de, 229.

New South Wales and the convict system, on, 526, _et seq._
--resolutions of council of, in favour of transportation, 529.

Nicholl's diary, on, 502.

Niti pass, the, 463.

Nobility, present powerlessness of, in France, 219.

Noraghe of Sardinia, the, 34, 35.

North American colonies, present state of the, 471.

Oakville, village of, its history, &c., 473.

Obscurity as an element of the sublime, on, 33.

Offenburg, the democratic meeting at, 206.

Orleans, the Duchesse d', her heroism, 229.

Osborne, Mr B., on the Hungarian question, 590
--on Russia, 595.

Paci in Sardinia, the, 41.

Palmerston, Lord, the interference system of, 587
--on the Hungarian question, 590.

Paris, number of foundlings, &c. in, 226
--Lamartine's account of the June conflict in, 231
--finances of, after the Revolution, 232
--the peace congress at, 583, 585.

Parliament, all classes represented in, before the Reform Bill, 111
--justice of colonial representation in, 477
--bribing of, under William III., 664.

Pauperism, increase of, 127.

Payne Knight, _see_ Knight.

PEACE AND WAR AGITATORS, 581.

Peace congress at Paris, the, 583, 585.

Pearson, Mr, on the state of crime, 520.

Peasantry, depressed condition of the, in Spain, 719.

Peel, Sir R., review of his free-trade measures, 114, 756, _et seq._

Peninsulas, Mrs Somerville on, 461.

PEPYS, DIARY OF, 501.

PESTALOZZIANA, 93
--the dormitory, 99
--the refectory, 101
--classes, 104.

Peter, one of the Baden insurgents, 206, 208, 211.

Petite Fadette, the, 607.

Peucker, General, in Baden, 214.

PHILLIPS' WALES, &c., review of, 326.

Phoenicians, probable settlement of the, in Sardinia, 34.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, 456.

Pinna Marina, the, 40.

Pitt's currency system, contrast between, and Peel's, 760.

Plague of London, the, 506.

Planets, irregularities among the, 459.

Plutarch's Lives, on, 292.

Poaching, proportion of prosecutions for, 70.

Poetry, modern, affectations of, 340.

Poetry, For the last page of our album, 205
--Disenchantment, 563.

Poland, Cobden on, 593.

Poles, revolutionary efforts of the, 601.

Political economy, rise of, with Adam Smith, 113.

Pomptilla, monument to, 47.

Poor-rates, present amount of the, 126, 772
--progress of the, from James II., 660.

Pope, the, Spanish intervention on behalf of, 709.

Population, diminution of the, 773.

Potato rot, alleged influence of the, 763.

Poussin, Gaspar, the landscape of, 413.

Press, the Spanish, state of, 705.

Prisoners, advantages of industrial instruction to, 530.

Producer and consumer, different interests of, 112.

Proprietors, number of, in France, and its influence, 225.

Protective system, growth of England under the, 108.

Prussia, overthrow of the Baden insurgents by, 212
--new constitution of, 428
--occupation of Baden, &c. by, 433.

Prussia, the Prince of, in Baden, 212.

Radicalism, prevalence of, in Wales, 337.

Radnorshire, predominance of English in, 328.

Ragionatori in Sardinia, 41.

Railroads in Massachusetts, origin, &c. of the, 472.

Railway mania, causes of the, 753.

Railways, depreciation in, 773.

Rain, picture of a storm of, 364.

Rainbow, a, 10.

Rastadt, revolt of, 430
--its surrender, 431.

Raveau, one of the Baden insurgents, 208.

Reciprocity system, effects of, on British and foreign shipping, 117.

Red republicans, resistance of Lamartine to the, 230.

REDBURN, review of, 567.

Refectory at Yverdun, the, 101.

Reform Bill, change as regards representation by the, 111, 113.

Registration bill, the proposed Scottish, 263.

Religion, influence of, on art, 261
--state of, in Wales, 333.

Representation, practical universality of, before the Reform Bill, 111
--justice of colonial, 477.

Revenue, influence of free trade on, 765.

Revolution, class by which headed, in France, 219
--comparison between it and war, 585.

Revolution of 1688, origin of the national debt with it, 657.

Revolutions of 1848, alleged influence of the, 763.

Revue des deux Mondes, the, on Spain, 717.

Reybaud, Madame Charles, Hélène, &c. by, 607.

Reynolds, G. W. M. at the Hungarian meeting, 597.

Richard III., on, 646, 647.

Robbery, prevalence of, in Spain, 707.

Roman law, the, in regard to game, 66.

Rome, effects of free trade in grain on, 109
--the insurgent party in, 587
--intervention of Spain in affairs of, 709.

Romish superstitions, on, 44.

Rosa, Salvator, the landscape of, 412.

Rothschild, Nathan, sketch of, 676.

ROYAL PROGRESS, the, 359.

Rousseau's autobiography, on, 293.

"Russia, by a Manchester manufacturer," extract from, 594.

Russia, growth of, under the protective system, 109
--her intervention in Hungary, 589
--Cobden on it, 591
--and on her finances, 594.

Rutherford, Mr, his Marriage and Registration bills, 263.

Sailors' tickets, jobbing in, 669.

St Kilda, Lady Grange imprisoned at, 347.

Salem, (U.S.,) rapid progress of, 472.

Salomons, Mr, at the Hungarian meeting, 590, 596.

Sand, George, La Petite Fadette, by, 607.

Sandwich, the Earl of, 504.

Sardes, probable origin of the, 34
--their resemblances to the Irish, 40
--customs, character, &c. of, 42.

SARDINIA, the island of, 33.

Sardinia, proceedings of Mr Abercromby in, 587.

Saxons, crossing, &c., of the, in Britain, 337.

Scholar, Christopher, on the, 27, _et seq._

Science, rapid revolutions in, 458.

Scotch, races from which derived, 337
--transported convicts, inferiority of, and its causes, 531
--law, principle of the, relative to game, 66.

SCOTLAND, THE GAME LAWS IN, 63
--proportion of game-law prosecutions in, 70
--necessity of a secretary of state for, 264
--the Queen's visit to, 1849, 359
--recent statistics of crime in, 519
--expense of, the imprisonment system in, 521.

Scott, Sir Walter, autobiography of, 293
--on his Heart of Mid-Lothian, 655.

SCOTTISH MARRIAGE AND REGISTRATION BILLS, the, 263.

Secondary punishments, best system of, 519.

Sepolture de is Gigantes in Sardinia, the, 34, 36.

Shakspeare, on the female characters of, 239
--criticisms on his Macbeth, 621, _et seq._
--the dreams in, 642
--his Richard III., 646, 647.

Sheerness, capture of, by the Dutch, 511.

Shepherd, Mr, his essay on the game laws, 64, 69, 72.

Shipping interest, effects of the Reform Bill on, 114
--of the reciprocity system, 117.

Sigel, lieutenant, one of the Baden insurgents, 208, 209, 210.

Sketcher, the, Lynmouth revisited by, 412.

Sketching, preparation necessary for, 413.

Slaver, sketches on board of a, 177.

Sleep-walking scene in Macheth, the, 643.

Sluicy Sam, 691.

Smith, Adam, influence of his Wealth of Nations, 113
--free-trade movement due to, 219
--on the price of wheat, 658.

Smith, Bobus, 15.

Smith of Chichester, painting by, 414.

Smugglers, the Spanish, 717.

Solar system, irregularities in the, 459.

SOMERVILLE'S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, review of, 456.

Sonnet, "A friend returned," 18.

South sea company, origin and history of the, 669.

SPAIN UNDER NARVAEZ AND CHRISTINA, 704.

Spanish bondholders, proceedings of the, 713.

Speculation, mania for, and examples of it, 672, _et seq._

Stag, the stock exchange, 673.

Stalactite cave in Sardinia, a, 40.

Stanley, Lord, reply to Lord Campbell by, 131.

Stevenson, C, on the injury done by game, 69.

Stock exchange, sketches of the, 655
--frauds on it, 668.

Stock-jobbing, rise of, 668.

Storm, gathering of a, 6.

STRAYED REVELLER, the, review of, 340.

Struve, the Baden insurgent, 208, 211.

Stuart, Lord Dudley, 605.

Stuart, the Lady Frances, 515.

Stutgardt, meeting of the German parliament at, 425, 426.

SUDDEN DEATH, VISION OF, 741
--Dream-fugue on it, 750.

Sulkiness, Christopher on, 3.

Superstitions, Sardinian, 45.

Sweden, upheaval and subsidence in, 465.

Szuayda, General, in Baden, 212.

TALFOURD'S FINAL MEMORIALS OF LAMB, review of, 133.

Tariff, the new Spanish, 717.

Taste, impossibility of a standard of, 29.

Temper, Christopher on, 3, _et seq._

Tenant, alleged injury from the game laws to, 73.

Thames, entrance of the Dutch fleet into the, 511.

Thiers, views of, on the first Revolution, 224
--his conduct in that of 1848, 227.

Thirlwall, Dr, 329.

Thomson's description of thunder, on, 16.

Thunder, Virgil's, &c., descriptions of, 11, _et seq._

Thunder-storm, a Highland, 6, _et seq._

Tibet, fertility, &c., of, 463.

Times, influence of the, in England, 219
--account of the state of France by, 232
--on railway depreciation, 773
--on Ireland, 774.

Tin, exportation, &c., of, from Wales, 330.

Tories, the, early opposition of, to the national debt, 665.

Trade, state of, 123, _et seq._

TRANSPORTATION QUESTION, the, 519.

Travellers, intolerance of, toward Romish superstitions 44.

Trial, the, 695.

Trout, best size of, 22.

Trutschler, one of the Baden insurgents, 208.

Tunny fishing in Sardinia, 40.

Turkey, position of, regarding the Hungarian fugitives, 600.

TYNDALE'S SARDINIA, review of, 33.

United States, system of, regarding manufactures, 471
--exports per head to, 527.

Upper Canada, contrast between, and the States, 473.

Van Diemen's Land, excess of convicts sent to, 534.

Vanity, displays of, in French autobiographies, 298.

Vegetable life, distribution, &c., of, 468.

Velino, on Byron's description of, 372.

Vendetta in Sardinia, the, 41.

Vice, relations of, to beauty, 259.

Vicomte de Bragelonne, the, 610.

Vienna, atrocities of the Red republicans in, 599.

Vincent, the Chartist lecturer, 338.

Virgil, Alison on, criticised, 246
--Payne Knight on, 375.

Virtue, relations of, to beauty, 259.

VISION OF SUDDEN DEATH, THE, 741.

Volcano, changes wrought by the, 465.

Wages, relations of prices of wheat to, 124.

WALES, THE MORAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION OF, 326
--the report of the commissioners on, _ib._

Walpole, Sir Robert, 352, 353
--parliamentary bribery under, 666.

War, the agitation against, 581
--compared with revolution, 585.

Webster, Mr, on American manufactures, 473.

Welford, on the game laws, 65.

Wellington, measures of national defence urged by, 769.

Welsh language, predominance of the, in Wales, 328.

Wemyss, Captain, game-law case of, 75.

West Indies, effects of negro emancipation on the, 114
--free-trade policy toward, and its effects, 115, 775
--depreciation in, 116, note
--exports per head to, 527.

Westminster school, taking leave of, 94.

WHAT HAS REVOLUTIONISING GERMANY ATTAINED? 424.

Wheat, prices of, at various times, 658
--average price of, in London, 757, note.

Whigs, foreign interference system of the, 586.

White, Jem, a friend of Lamb's, 136.

William III., introduction of the national debt and the bribery system
under, 662.

Wilson, R., on the game laws, 65.

Witches in Macbeth, on the, 623 625.

Words, Christopher on the knowledge of, 27.

Wordsworth, letter from Lamb to, 149.

Working classes, condition of the, under the Stuarts, 659.

Wortley Montague, Lady Mary, 354, _et seq._

Würtemberg, the new constitution in, 429.

Young, Mr, on the effects of the reciprocity system, &c., 117.

Yverdun, Pestalozzi's establishment at, 93.

Zund-nadel musket, the, 214.

_Printed by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh._

[Transcriber's Note:

Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]