Chapter I: Front Matter

BLUE SHIRT AND KHAKI

BLUE SHIRT
AND KHAKI

_A COMPARISON_

_By_ JAMES F. J. ARCHIBALD

_WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
TAKEN BY THE AUTHOR_

SILVER, BURDETT AND
COMPANY, _NEW YORK_,
_BOSTON_, _CHICAGO_. 1901

Copyright, 1901, by
Silver, Burdett & Company

Press of I. J. Little & Co.
Astor Place, New York

To the Memory of My Father,
F. A. Archibald, D.D., LL.D.

Contents

CHAPTER PAGE
I. The New Soldier and His Equipment 17

II. British and American Recruits 38

III. The Common Soldier in the Field 60

IV. The Officers 90

V. American and British Tactics 121

VI. Feeding the Two Armies 147

VII. The Railroad in Modern War 171

VIII. Transportation of Troops by Sea 194

IX. The Last Days of the Boer Capital 217

X. The British in Pretoria 247

List of Illustrations

PAGE
A Guard at Pretoria 17

Captain Arthur Lee, R.A., _attaché_ with General Shafter in
Cuba 19

Captain Slocum, U.S.A., _attaché_ with Lord Roberts in South
Africa 19

British soldiers visiting the U.S. troop-ship _Sumner_, _en
route_ to the Philippines 23

British officers at Malta, watching the setting-up exercises
of American soldiers 27

A company of the Eighth U. S. Infantry in the field,
Lieutenant M. B. Stuart 33

A review of the Life Guards in London 33

Horse Guard on duty at headquarters, London 38

Possible candidates 41

Persuasion by sergeant-major 41

British recruits at fencing practice 45

British recruits at bayonet practice 45

A musician of the Gordon Highlanders, age, seventeen 51

A Boer fighting “man,” age, twelve. Twice distinguished for
bravery in action. He fought at Spion Kop, Colenso, Dundee,
and Ladysmith 51

Colonel Napier’s frame for recruit-drill at Aldershot 55

One of the exercises in British recruit-drill 55

Setting-up exercises of American soldiers during their visit
in Malta 58

Recruit drill in the British army 58

American cow-boy with Canadians in South Africa 60

Dangebhoy hospital cart used in South Africa 63

The Twelfth Lancers in South Africa 67

General French examining the enemy’s position during the
battle of Diamond Hill 67

Heliographing from Diamond Hill to Lord Roberts in Pretoria 71

Burial at Arlington of 426 American soldiers who fell in Cuba 77

Gathering the dead after the battle of Diamond Hill 79

American volunteer officer 90

A cadet drill at the West Point Military Academy 93

Generals Chaffee, Brooke, and Lee reviewing the army in Cuba 93

Major Eastwood, Twelfth Lancers 94

Colonel Beech, Egyptian Cavalry 94

Sir John Milbanke, V.C. 94

Colonel Chamberlain, Military Secretary 94

A Canadian officer 94

British Colonel of Volunteers 96

Colonel Peabody, U. S. Volunteers 96

Staats Model Schoolhouse, Pretoria, where the British officers
were first confined as prisoners of war 101

Barbed-wire prison, Pretoria, where the British officers were
confined after their removal from the city 101

Released British officers in Pretoria after the entry of Lord
Roberts 105

Native East Indian servants of British officers in South
Africa 105

Lieutenant-General N. A. Miles, U. S. A. 109

General French and staff, South Africa 113

American officers of the Eighth Infantry _en route_ to the
Philippines 113

General Ian Hamilton in South Africa 115

Brigadier-General Fitzhugh Lee, United States Army 118

Major-General J. R. Brooke, United States Army 118

American officer at Siboney 121

Boer fighting men watching a British flanking movement
during the battle of Pretoria, while building defenses 128

British soldiers pulling army wagons across a drift 131

Boer artillerists waiting under shell fire for the British
advance 133

The battle of Pretoria, June 4, 1900; Boer guns in action;
British advance along the first range of hills 137

The unpicturesqueness of modern war. In the range of this
photograph of the battle of Diamond Hill the hardest fighting
is going on. Twenty cannon and 3,000 rifles are firing, and
two regiments are charging; but no more can be seen than is
shown above 145

A difficult kopje; two hundred men are hiding behind the
rocks 145

U. S. Officer providing for feeding the poor 147

Camp of a transport train in General French’s supply column 151

A base of supplies at de Aar Junction 155

An improvised commissariat cart in South Africa 162

A soldier with three months’ provisions 169

Major Burnham, the American Chief of Scouts for Lord Roberts 171

The old and the new military bridge at Modder River 174

Defense of a line of communication in the Transvaal 176

Canadian transport at a difficult drift 181

Cape carts with British officers’ personal luggage; nearly
every officer had one of these carts 182

A British transport train on the veldt 183

Canadian transport at a difficult drift 187

The Guards and mounted infantry at Pretoria Station 191

Armament on an American transport 194

British soldiers leaving the _Sumner_ after having exchanged
uniforms with Americans 199

American transport _Sumner_ in the harbor at Malta 205

A British transport taken from the merchant marine 205

The Eighth United States Infantry going ashore for drill
at Malta 211

Colonel Jocelyn and Captain Croxton, Eighth U. S. Infantry,
at Malta 211

Mr. R. H. Davis in Pretoria 217

Consul Hay and Vice-Consul Coolidge bidding good-by to
Captain Slocum at Pretoria 222

A. D. T. Messenger James Smith in front of President Krüger’s
house, immediately after presenting the message from the
American children 226

The battle of Pretoria: Boers awaiting the British advance
under artillery fire 229

The battle of Pretoria: British naval guns shelling forts 229

General De la Rey and staff at Pretoria; his nephew, twelve
years old, is serving on the staff 232

Field cornets in Pretoria receiving orders from a general 233

Boer women bidding good-by to their men off for the front 235

Russian hospital corps with the Boers: the wounded man is
Colonel Blake, formerly U. S. A. 235

Boers under heavy shell fire, awaiting British advance
behind their defenses 243

Burghers’ horses during the battle of Pretoria 243

The Boer retreat from Pretoria 246

One of the Guards at Pretoria 247

General De la Rey and a group of his burghers while awaiting
a British attack 249

Lord Roberts’s advance bodyguard approaching Pretoria 251

British guns captured by the Boers 251

Lord Roberts and staff approaching Pretoria (Lord Kitchener
is on the white horse, Lord Roberts is the first leading
figure at the right) 253

Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener with staff entering Pretoria
at the railway station, June 5, 1900. The two locomotives on
the right, with Boer engineers, were started immediately
afterwards in an attempt to escape to the Boer lines 255

Gordon Highlanders entering Pretoria, June 5, 1900 259

Types of the crowd who watched the British entry 259

Lord Kitchener bidding good-by to the foreign _attachés_
after the capture of Pretoria 265

BLUE SHIRT AND KHAKI