Chapter I: Part 1

BOOK OF

WISE SAYINGS

_SELECTED LARGELY FROM EASTERN SOURCES_

BY

W. A. CLOUSTON

_Author of "Popular Tales and Fictions," "Literary
Coincidences, and other Papers," "Flowers
from a Persian Garden," etc._

"Concise sentences, like darts, fly abroad and make
impressions, while long discourses are tedious and not
regarded."--BACON.

"Many are the sayings of the wise,
In ancient and in modern books enrolled."--MILTON.

LONDON
PUBLISHED BY HUTCHINSON & CO.

AT 34 PATERNOSTER ROW
1893

PRINTED AT NIMEGUEN (HOLLAND)
BY H. C. A. THIEME OF NIMEGUEN (HOLLAND)

AND

TALBOT HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET
LONDON, W.C.

TO

FRANCIS THORNTON BARRETT,

CHIEF LIBRARIAN,
MITCHELL LIBRARY, GLASGOW,

THIS LITTLE BOOK,

WITH FRIENDLY GREETINGS,

IS INSCRIBED.

PREFACE.

Cynics may ask, how many have profited by the innumerable proverbs and maxims of prudence which have been current in the world time out of mind? They will say that their only use is to repeat them after some unhappy wight has "gone wrong." When, for instance, a man has played "ducks and drakes" with his money, the fact at once calls up the proverb which declares that "wilful waste leads to woful want"; but did not the "waster" know this well-worn saying from his early years _downwards_? What good, then, did it do him? Again, how many have been benefited by the saying of the ancient Greek poet, that "evil communications corrupt good manners"?--albeit they had it frequently before them in their school "copy-books." Are the maxims of morality useless, then, because they are so much disregarded?

When a man has reached middle-age he generally feels with tenfold force the truth of those "sayings of the wise" which he learned in his early years, and has cause to regret, as well as wonder, that he had not all along followed their wholesome teaching. For it is to the young, who are about to cross the threshold of active life, that such terse convincing sentences are more especially addressed, and, spite of the proverbial heedlessness of youth, there will be found many who are not deaf to this kind of instruction, if their moral environment be favourable. But, even after the spring-time of youth is past, there are occasions when the mind is peculiarly susceptible to the force of a pithy maxim, which may tend to the reforming of one's way of life. There is commonly more practical wisdom in a striking aphorism than in a round dozen of "goody" books--that is to say, books which are not good in the highest sense, because their themes are overlaid with commonplace and wearisome reflections.

May we not find the "whole duty of man" condensed into a few brief sentences, which have been expressed by thoughtful men in all ages and in countries far apart?--such as: "Love thy neighbour as thyself," "Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you." The chief themes of all teachers of morality are: benevolence and beneficence; tolerance of the opinions of others; self-control; the acquisition of knowledge--that jewel beyond price; the true uses of wealth; the advantages of resolute, manly exertion; the dignity of labour; the futility of worldly pleasures; the fugacity of time; man's individual insignificance. They are never weary of inculcating taciturnity in preference to loquacity, and the virtues of patience and resignation. They iterate and reiterate the fact that true happiness is to be found only in contentment; and they administer consolation and infuse hope by reminding us that as dark days are followed by bright days, so times of bitter adversity are followed by seasons of sweet prosperity; and thus, like the immortal Sir Hudibras, when "in doleful dumps", we may "cheer ourselves with ends of verse, and sayings of philosophers."

In the following small selection of aphorisms, a considerable proportion are drawn from Eastern literature. Indian wisdom is represented by passages from the great epics, the _Mahábhárata_ and the _Rámáyana_; the _Panchatantra_ and the _Hitopadesa_, two Sanskrit versions of the famous collection of apologues known in Europe as the Fables of Bidpaï, or Pilpay; the _Dharma-sastra_ of Manu; Bháravi, Mágha, Bhartrihari, and other Hindu poets. Specimens of the mild teachings of Buddha and his more notable followers are taken from the _Dhammapada_ (Path of Virtue) and other canonical works; pregnant sayings of the Jewish Fathers, from the Talmud; Moslem moral philosophy is represented by extracts from Arabic and Persian writers (among the great poets of Persia are, Firdausí, Sa'dí, Háfiz, Nizámí, Omar Khayyám, Jámí); while the proverbial wisdom of the Chinese and the didactic writings of the sages of Burmah are also occasionally cited.

The ordinary reader will probably be somewhat surprised to discover in the aphorisms of the ancient Greeks and Hindus several close parallels to the doctrines of the Old and New Testaments, and he will have reasoned justly if he conclude that the so-called "heathens" could have derived their spiritual light only from the same Source as that which inspired the Hebrew prophets and the Christian apostles.

Among English writers of aphorisms Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, is pre-eminent, but none of his pithy sentences find place here, because they are procurable in many inexpensive forms, (_e.g._, _Counsels from my Lord Bacon_, 1892), and must be familiar to what is termed "the average general reader." _The Enchiridion_ of Frances Quarles and the _Resolves_ of Owen Feltham are, however, laid under contribution, as also Robert Chamberlain, an author who is probably unknown to many pluming themselves on their thorough acquaintance with English literature, some of whose aphorisms (published in 1638, under the title of _Nocturnal Lucubrations_) I have deemed worthy of reproduction.

In more modern times, with the sole exception of William Hazlitt, our country has produced no very successful writer of aphorisms. Colton's _Lacon; or, Many Things in Few Words, Addressed to Those who Think_, went through several editions soon after its first publication in 1820; it is described by Mr. John Morley--and not unfairly--as being "so vapid, so wordy, so futile as to have a place among those books which dispense with parody"; it is "an awful example to anyone who is tempted to try his hand at an aphorism." Mr. Morley is hardly less severe in speaking of the "Thoughts" in _Theophrastus Such_: "the most insufferable of all deadly-lively prosing in our sublunary world." However this may be, assuredly other works of the author of _Adam Bede_ will be found to furnish many examples of admirable apothegms.

It only remains to add that, bearing in mind that a great collection of gravities commonly proves quite as wearisome reading as a large compilation of gaieties, or facetiæ, I have confined my selection of "sayings of the wise" within the limits of a pocket-volume.

W. A. C.

BOOK OF WISE SAYINGS.

1.

The enemies which rise within the body, hard to be overcome--thy evil passions--should manfully be fought: he who conquers these is equal to the conquerors of worlds.

_Bháravi._

2.

If passion gaineth the mastery over reason, the wise will not count thee amongst men.

_Firdausí._

3.

Knowledge is destroyed by associating with the base; with equals equality is gained, and with the distinguished, distinction.

_Hitopadesa._

4.

Dost thou desire that thine own heart should not suffer, redeem thou the sufferer from the bonds of misery.

_Sa'dí._

5.

To friends and eke to foes true kindness show; No kindly heart unkindly deeds will do; Harshness will alienate a bosom friend. And kindness reconcile a deadly foe.

_Omar Khayyám._

6.

There is no greater grief in misery than to turn our thoughts back to happier times.[1]

_Dante._

[1] Cf. Goldsmith:

O Memory! thou fond deceiver,
Still importunate and vain;
To former joys recurring ever,
And turning all the past to pain.

7.

We in reality only know when we doubt a little. With knowledge comes doubt.

_Goethe._

8.

In the hour of adversity be not without hope, for crystal rain falls from black clouds.

_Nizámí._

9.

One common origin unites us all, but every sort of wood does not give the perfume of the lignum aloes.

_Arabic._

10.

I asked an experienced elder who had profited by his knowledge of the world, "What course should I pursue to obtain prosperity?" He replied, "Contentment--if you are able, practise contentment."

_Selman._

11.

Every moment that a man may be in want of employment, than such I hold him to be far better who is forced to labour for nothing.

_Afghan._

12.

The foolish undertake a trifling act, and soon desist, discouraged; wise men engage in mighty works, and persevere.

_Mágha._

13.

Those who wish well towards their friends disdain to please them with words which are not true.

_Bháravi._

14.

Reason is captive in the hands of the passions, as a weak man in the hands of an artful woman.

_Sa'dí._

15.

Like an earthen pot, a bad man is easily broken, and cannot readily be restored to his former situation; but a virtuous man, like a vase of gold, is broken with difficulty, and easily repaired.

_Hitopadesa._

16.

The son who delights his father by his good actions; the wife who seeks only her husband's good; the friend who is the same in prosperity and adversity--these three things are the reward of virtue.

_Bhartrihari._

17.

Let us not overstrain our abilities, or we shall do nothing with grace. A clown, whatever he may do, will never pass for a gentleman.

_La Fontaine._

18.

To abstain from speaking is regarded as very difficult. It is not possible to say much that is valuable and striking.[2]

_Mahábhárata._

[2] Cf. James, III, 8.

19.

Pagodas are, like mosques, true houses of prayer; 'Tis prayer that church bells waft upon the air; Kaaba and temple, rosary and cross, All are but divers tongues of world-wide prayer.

_Omar Khayyám._

20.

In no wise ask about the faults of others, for he who reporteth the faults of others will report thine also.

_Firdausí._

21.

He that holds fast the golden mean, And lives contentedly between The little and the great, Feels not the wants that pinch the poor, Nor plagues that haunt the rich man's door, Embittering all his state.

_Horace._

22.

Nothing is more becoming a man than silence. It is not the preaching but the practice which ought to be considered as the more important. A profusion of words is sure to lead to error.

_Talmud._

23.

Consider, and you will find that almost all the transactions of the time of Vespasian differed little from those of the present day. You there find marrying and giving in marriage, educating children, sickness, death, war, joyous holidays, traffic, agriculture, flatterers, insolent pride, suspicions, laying of plots, longing for the death of others, newsmongers, lovers, misers, men canvassing for consulship--yet all these passed away, and are nowhere.

_M. Aurelius._

24.

The friendship of the bad is like the shade of some precipitous bank with crumbling sides, which, falling, buries him who is beneath.

_Bháravi._

25.

His action no applause invites Who simply good with good repays; He only justly merits praise Who wrongful deeds with kind requites.[3]

_Panchatantra._

[3] Matt. V, 43, 44.

26.

Death comes, and makes a man his prey,
A man whose powers are yet unspent;
Like one on gathering flowers intent,
Whose thoughts are turned another way.

Begin betimes to practise good,
Lest fate surprise thee unawares
Amid thy round of schemes and cares;
To-morrow's task to-day conclude.[4]

_Mahábhárata._

[4] Eccles. IX, 10; XII, 1.

27.

Let a man's talents or virtues be what they may, we feel satisfaction in his society only as he is satisfied in himself. We cannot enjoy the good qualities of a friend if he seems to be none the better for them.

_Hazlitt._

28.

It was a false maxim of Domitian that he who would gain the people of Rome must promise all things and perform nothing. For when a man is known to be false in his word, instead of a column, which he might be by keeping it, for others to rest upon, he becomes a reed, which no man will vouchsafe to lean upon. Like a floating island, when we come next day to seek it, it is carried from the place we left it in, and, instead of earth to build upon, we find nothing but inconstant and deceiving waves.

_Feltham._

29.

He is not dead who departs this life with high fame; dead is he, though living, whose brow is branded with infamy.

_Tieck._

30.

In the height of thy prosperity expect adversity, but fear it not. If it come not, thou art the more sweetly possessed of the happiness thou hast, and the more strongly confirmed. If it come, thou art the more gently dispossessed of the happiness thou hadst, and the more firmly prepared.

_Quarles._

31.

A prudent man will not discover his poverty, his self-torments, the disorders of his house, his uneasiness, or his disgrace.

_Hitopadesa._

32.

Men are of three different capacities: one understands intuitively; another understands so far as it is explained; and a third understands neither of himself nor by explanation. The first is excellent, the second, commendable, and the third, altogether useless.

_Machiavelli._

33.

It is difficult to understand men, but still harder to know them thoroughly.

_Schiller._

34.

Worldly fame and pleasure are destructive to the virtue of the mind; anxious thoughts and apprehensions are injurious to the health of the body.

_Chinese._

35.

Alas, for him who is gone and hath done no good work! The trumpet of march has sounded, and his load was not bound on.

_Persian._

36.

Human experience, like the stern-lights of a ship at sea, illumines only the path which we have passed over.

_Coleridge._

37.

Man is an actor who plays various parts: First comes a boy, then out a lover starts; His garb is changed for, lo! a beggar's rags; Then he's a merchant with full money-bags; Anon, an aged sire, wrinkled and lean; At last Death drops the curtain on the scene.[5]

_Bhartrihari._

[5] Cf. Shakspeare:

"All the world's a stage," etc.--_As You Like It_,
Act II, _sc._ 7.

38.

Through avarice a man loses his understanding, and by his thirst for wealth he gives pain to the inhabitants of both worlds.

_Hitopadesa._

39.

Men soon the faults of others learn,
A few their virtues, too, find out;
But is there one--I have a doubt--
Who can his own defects discern?

_Sanskrit._

40.

In learning, age and youth go for nothing; the best informed take the precedence.

_Chinese._

41.

Mention not a blemish which is thy own in detraction of a neighbour.

_Talmud._

42.

Affairs succeed by patience, and he that is hasty falleth headlong.

_Sa'dí._

43.

A man who has learnt little grows old like an ox: his flesh grows, but his knowledge does not grow.

_Dhammapada._

44.

Unsullied poverty is always happy, while impure wealth brings with it many sorrows.

_Chinese._

45.

Both white and black acknowledge women's sway,
So much the better and the wiser too,
Deeming it most convenient to obey,
Or possibly they might their folly rue.[6]

_Persian._

[6] Cf. Pope:

Would men but follow what the sex advise,
All things would prosper, all the world grow wise.

46.

We are never so much disposed to quarrel with others as when we are dissatisfied with ourselves.

_Hazlitt._

47.

No one is more profoundly sad than he who laughs too much.

_Richter._

48.

The heaven that rolls around cries aloud to you while it displays its eternal beauties, and yet your eyes are fixed upon the earth alone.

_Dante._

49.

This world is a beautiful book, but of little use to him who cannot read it.

_Goldoni._

50.

Sorrows are like thunder-clouds: in the distance they look black, over our heads, hardly gray.

_Richter._

51.

The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected without trials.

_Chinese._

52.

Health is the greatest gift, contentedness the best riches.

_Dhammapada._

53.

Great and unexpected successes are often the cause of foolish rushing into acts of extravagance.

_Demosthenes._

54.

Let none with scorn a suppliant meet,
Or from the door untended spurn
A dog; an outcast kindly treat;
And so thou shalt be blest in turn.

_Mahábhárata._

55.

Choose knowledge, if thou desirest a blessing from the Universal Provider; for the ignorant man cannot raise himself above the earth, and it is by knowledge that thou must render thy soul praiseworthy.

_Firdausí._

56.

Good fortune is a benefit to the wise, but a curse to the foolish.

_Chinese._

57.

In this thing one man is superior to another, that he is better able to bear adversity and prosperity.

_Philemon._

58.

The rays of happiness, like those of light, are colourless when unbroken.

_Longfellow._

59.

There are three things which, in great quantity, are bad, and, in little, very good: leaven, salt, and liberality.

_Talmud._

60.

Who aims at excellence will be above mediocrity; who aims at mediocrity will be far short of it.

_Burmese._

61.

Keep thy heart afar from sorrow, and be not anxious about the trouble which is not yet come.

_Firdausí._

62.

If thy garments be clean and thy heart be foul, thou needest no key to the door of hell.

_Sa'dí._

63.

We ought never to mock the wretched, for who can be sure of being always happy?

_La Fontaine._

64.

To those who err in judgment, not in will, anger is gentle.

_Sophocles._

65.

Not only is the old man twice a child, but also the man who is drunk.

_Plato._

66.

Wrapt up in error is the human mind,
And human bliss is ever insecure;
Know we what fortune yet remains behind?
Know we how long the present shall endure?

_Pindar._

67.

A wise man adapts himself to circumstances, as water shapes itself to the vessel that contains it.

_Chinese._

68.

He who formerly was reckless and afterwards became sober brightens up this world like the moon when freed from clouds.

_Dhammapada._

69.

When a base fellow cannot vie with another in merit he will attack him with malicious slander.

_Sa'dí._

70.

If a man be not so happy as he desires, let this be his comfort--he is not so wretched as he deserves.

_R. Chamberlain._

71.

In conversation humour is more than wit, easiness, more than knowledge; few desire to learn, or to think they need it; all desire to be pleased, or, if not, to be easy.

_Sir W. Temple._

72.

The greatest men sometimes overshoot themselves, but then their very mistakes are so many lessons of instruction.

_Tom Browne._

73.

We may be as good as we please, if we please to be good.

_Barrow._

74.

The round of a passionate man's life is in contracting debts in his passion which his virtue obliges him to pay. He spends his time in outrage and acknowledgment, injury and reparation.

_Johnson._

75.

To reprehend well is the most necessary and the hardest part of friendship. Who is it that does not sometimes merit a check, and yet how few will endure one? Yet wherein can a friend more unfold his love than in preventing dangers before their birth, or in bringing a man to safety who is travelling on the road to ruin? I grant there is a manner of reprehending which turns a benefit into an injury, and then it both strengthens error and wounds the giver. When thou chidest thy wandering friend do it secretly, in season, in love, not in the ear of a popular convention, for oftentimes the presence of a multitude makes a man take up an unjust defence, rather than fall into a just shame.

_Feltham._

76.

I put no account on him who esteems himself just as the popular breath may chance to raise him.

_Goethe._

77.

He who seeks wealth sacrifices his own pleasure, and, like him who carries burdens for others, bears the load of anxiety.

_Hitopadesa._

78.

Circumspection in calamity; mercy in greatness; good speeches in assemblies; fortitude in adversity: these are the self-attained perfections of great souls.

_Hitopadesa._

79.

The best preacher is the heart; the best teacher is time; the best book is the world; the best friend is God.

_Talmud._

80.

A woman will not throw away a garland, though soiled, which her lover gave: not in the object lies a present's worth, but in the love which it was meant to mark.

_Bháravi._

81.

Men who have not observed discipline, and have not gained treasure in their youth, perish like old herons in a lake without fish.

_Dhammapada._

82.

As drops of bitter medicine, though minute, may have a salutary force, so words, though few and painful, uttered seasonably, may rouse the prostrate energies of those who meet misfortune with despondency.

_Bháravi._

83.

There are three whose life is no life: he who lives at another's table; he whose wife domineers over him; and he who suffers bodily affliction.

_Talmud._

84.

Let thy words between two foes be such that if they were to become friends thou shouldst not be ashamed.

_Sa'dí._

85.

An indiscreet man is more hurtful than an ill-natured one; for as the latter will only attack his enemies, and those he wishes ill to, the other injures indifferently both his friends and foes.

_Addison._

86.

A man of quick and active wit For drudgery is more unfit, Compared to those of duller parts, Than running nags are to draw carts.

_Butler._

87.

All affectation is the vain and ridiculous attempt of poverty to appear rich.

_Lavater._

88.

There never was, there never will be, a man who is always praised, or a man who is always blamed.

_Dhammapada._

89.

A good man's intellect is piercing, yet inflicts no wound; his actions are deliberate, yet bold; his heart is warm, but never burns; his speech is eloquent, yet ever true.

_Mágha._

90.

He who can feel ashamed will not readily do wrong.

_Talmud._

91.

A stranger who is kind is a kinsman; an unkind kinsman is a stranger.

_Hitopadesa._

92.

The good to others kindness show,
And from them no return exact;
The best and greatest men, they know,
Thus ever nobly love to act.[7]

_Mahábhárata._

[7] Cf. Luke, VI, 34, 35.

93.

Trees loaded with fruit are bent down; the clouds when charged with fresh rain hang down near the earth: even so good men are not uplifted through prosperity. Such is the natural character of the liberal.

_Bhartrihari._

94.

The man who neither gives in charity nor enjoys his wealth, which every day increases, breathes, indeed, like the bellows of a smith, but cannot be said to live.

_Hitopadesa._

95.

That energy which veils itself in mildness is most effective of its object.

_Mágha._

96.

Our writings are like so many dishes, our readers, our guests, our books, like beauty--that which one admires another rejects; so we are approved as men's fancies are inclined.... As apothecaries, we make new mixtures every day, pour out of one vessel into another; and as those old Romans robbed all cities of the world to set out their bad-cited Rome, we skim off the cream of other men's wits, pick the choice flowers of their tilled gardens, to set out our own sterile plots. We weave the same web still, twist the same rope again and again; or, if it be a new invention, 'tis but some bauble or toy, which idle fellows write, for as idle fellows to read.[8]

_Burton._

[8] Ferriar has pointed out, in his _Illustrations of
Sterne_, how these passages from Burton's _Anatomy of
Melancholy_ have been boldly plagiarised in the
introduction to the fragment on Whiskers in _Tristram
Shandy_: "Shall we for ever make new books as
apothecaries make new mixtures, by only pouring out of
one vessel into another? Are we for ever to be twisting
and untwisting the same rope?" And Dr. Johnson, who was
a great admirer of Burton, adopts the illustration of
the plundering Romans in his _Rambler_, No. 143.

97.

It is our follies that make our lives uncomfortable. Our errors of opinion, our cowardly fear of the world's worthless censure, and our eagerness after unnecessary gold have hampered the way of virtue, and made it far more difficult than, in itself, it is.

_Feltham._

98.

There is not half so much danger in the desperate sword of a known foe as in the smooth insinuations of a pretended friend.

_R. Chamberlain._

99.

Nothing is so oppressive as a secret; it is difficult for ladies to keep it long, and I know even in this matter a good number of men who are women.

_La Fontaine._

100.

All kinds of beauty do not inspire love: there is a kind of it which pleases only the sight, but does not captivate the affections.

_Cervantes._

101.

Contentment consisteth not in heaping more fuel, but in taking away some fire.

_Fuller._

102.

It is difficult to personate and act a part long, for where truth is not at the bottom Nature will always be endeavouring to return, and will peep out and betray herself one time or other.

_Tillotson._

103.

The truest characters of ignorance Are vanity, pride, and arrogance; As blind men use to bear their noses higher Than those that have their eyes and sight entire.

_Butler._

104.

It is better to be well deserving without praise than to live by the air of undeserved commendation.

_R. Chamberlain._

105.

He travels safe and not unpleasantly who is guarded by poverty and guided by love.

_Sir P. Sidney._

106.

Never put thyself in the way of temptation: even David could not resist it.

_Talmud._

107.

Pride is a vice which pride itself inclines every man to find in others and overlook in himself.

_Johnson._

108.

By six qualities may a fool be known: anger, without cause; speech, without profit; change, without motive; inquiry, without an object; trust in a stranger; and incapacity to discriminate between friend and foe.

_Arabic._

109.

Men are not to be judged by their looks, habits, and appearances, but by the character of their lives and conversations. 'Tis better that a man's own works than another man's words should praise him.

_Sir R. L'Estrange._

110.

To exert his power in doing good is man's most glorious task.

_Sophocles._

111.

Those who are skilled in archery bend their bow only when they are prepared to use it; when they do not require it they allow it to remain unbent, for otherwise it would be unserviceable when the time for using it arrived. So it is with man. If he were to devote himself unceasingly to a dull round of business, without breaking the monotony by cheerful amusements, he would fall imperceptibly into idiotcy, or be struck with paralysis.

_Herodotus._

112.

Blinded by self-conceit and knowing nothing, Like elephant infatuate with passion, I thought within myself, I all things knew; But when by slow degrees I somewhat learnt By aid of wise preceptors, my conceit, Like some disease, passed off; and now I live In the plain sense of what a fool I am.

_Bhartrihari._

113.

Time is the most important thing in human life, for what is pleasure after the departure of time? and the most consolatory, since pain, when pain has passed, is nothing. Time is the wheel-track in which we roll on towards eternity, conducting us to the Incomprehensible. In its progress there is a ripening power, and it ripens us the more, and the more powerfully, when we duly estimate it. Listen to its voice, do not waste it, but regard it as the highest finite good, in which all finite things are resolved.

_Von Humboldt._

114.

All that we are is made up of our thoughts; it is founded on our thoughts, it is made up of our thoughts. If a man speak or act with a pure thought, happiness will follow him, like a shadow that never leaves him.

_Dhammapada._

115.

Depend not on another, rather lean Upon thyself; trust to thine own exertions: Subjection to another's will gives pain; True happiness consists in self-reliance.

_Manu._

116.

If the friendship of the good be interrupted, their minds admit of no long change; as when the stalks of a lotus are broken the filaments within them are more visibly cemented.

_Hitopadesa._

117.

Anger that has no limit causes terror, and unseasonable kindness does away with respect. Be not so severe as to cause disgust, nor so lenient as to make people presume.

_Sa'dí._

118.

Be patient, if thou wouldst thy ends accomplish; for like patience is there no appliance effective of success, producing certainly abundant fruit of actions, never damped by failure, conquering all impediments.

_Bháravi._

119.

As rain breaks through an ill-thatched house, passion breaks through an unreflecting mind.

_Dhammapada._

120.

Most men, even the most accomplished, are of limited faculties; every one sets a value on certain qualities in himself and others: these alone he is willing to favour, these alone will he have cultivated.

_Goethe._

121.

Poverty, we may say, surrounds a man with ready-made barriers, which if they do mournfully gall and hamper, do at least prescribe for him, and force on him, a sort of course and goal; a safe and beaten, though a circuitous, course. A great part of his guidance is secure against fatal error, is withdrawn from his control. The rich, again, has his whole life to guide, without goal or barrier, save of his own choosing, and, tempted, is too likely to guide it ill.

_Carlyle._

122.

By Fate full many a heart has been undone, And many a sprightly rose made woe-begone; Plume thee not on thy lusty youth and strength: Full many a bud is blasted ere its bloom.

_Omar Khayyám._

123.

The best thing is to be respected, the next, is to be loved; it is bad to be hated, but still worse to be despised.

_Chinese._

124.

To be envied is a nobler fate than to be pitied.

_Pindar._

125.

He only does not live in vain Who all the means within his reach Employs--his wealth, his thought, his speech-- T'advance the weal of other men.

_Sanskrit._

126.

If you injure a harmless person, the evil will fall back upon you, like light dust thrown up against the wind.

_Buddhist._

127.

In the life of every man there are sudden transitions of feeling, which seem almost miraculous. At once, as if some magician had touched the heavens and the earth, the dark clouds melt into the air, the wind falls, and serenity succeeds the storm. The causes which produce these changes may have been long at work within us, but the changes themselves are instantaneous, and apparently without sufficient cause.

_Longfellow._

128.

Man is an intellectual animal, therefore an everlasting contradiction to himself. His senses centre in himself, his ideas reach to the ends of the universe; so that he is torn in pieces between the two without the possibility of its ever being otherwise. A mere physical being or a pure spirit can alone be satisfied with itself.

_Hazlitt._

129.

The pure in heart, who fear to sin, The good, kindly in word and deed-- These are the beings in the world Whose nature should be called divine.

_Buddhist._

130.

If thou desirest that the pure in heart should praise thee, lay aside anger; be not a man of many words; and parade not thy virtues in the face of others.

_Firdausí._

131.

A wise man takes a step at a time; he establishes one foot before he takes up the other: an old place should not be forsaken recklessly.

_Sanskrit._

132.

The fish dwell in the depths of the waters, and the eagles in the sides of heaven; the one, though high, may be reached with the arrow, and the other, though deep, with the hook; but the heart of man at a foot's distance cannot be known.[9]

_Burmese._

[9] Cf. Proverbs, XXV, 3.

133.

The life of man is the incessant walk of nature, wherein every moment is a step towards death. Even our growing to perfection is a progress to decay. Every thought we have is a sand running out of the glass of life.

_Feltham._

134.

I have observed that as long as a man lives and exerts himself he can always find food and raiment, though, it may be, not of the choicest description.

_Goethe._

135.

There are no riches like the sweetness of content, nor poverty comparable to the want of patience.

_R. Chamberlain._

136.

'Tis not for gain, for fame, from fear That righteous men injustice shun, And virtuous men hold virtue dear: An inward voice they seem to hear, Which tells them duty must be done.

_Mahábhárata._

137.

As far and wide the vernal breeze Sweet odours waft from blooming trees, So, too, the grateful savour spreads To distant lands of virtuous deeds.

_Sanskrit._

138.

In this world, however little happiness may have been our portion, yet have we no desire to die. Whether he can speak of life as cheerful and delicate, or as full of pain, anxiety, and sorrow, never yet have I seen one who wished to die.

_Firdausí._

139.

When morning silvers the dark firmament, Why shrills the bird of dawning his lament? It is to show in dawn's bright looking-glass How of thy careless life a night is spent.

_Omar Khayyám._

140.

Be thou generous, and gentle, and forgiving; as God hath scattered upon thee, scatter thou upon others.

_Sa'dí._

141.

In the body restraint is good; good is restraint in speech; in thought restraint is good: good is restraint in all things.

_Dhammapada._

142.

Men say that everyone is naturally a lover of himself, and that it is right that it should be so. This is a mistake; for in fact the cause of all the blunders committed by man arises from this excessive self-love. For the lover is blinded by the object loved, so that he passes a wrong judgment upon what is just, good, and beautiful, thinking that he ought always to honour what belongs to himself, in preference to truth. For he who intends to be a great man ought to love neither himself nor his own things, but only what is just, whether it happens to be done by himself or by another.

_Plato._

143.

A man eminent in learning has not even a little virtue if he fears to practise it. What precious things can be shown to a blind man when he holds a lamp in his hand?

_Hitopadesa._

144.

The first forty years of our life give the text, the next thirty furnish the commentary upon it, which enables us rightly to understand the true meaning and connection of the text with its moral and its beauties.

_Schopenhauer._

145.

Good actions lead to success, as good medicines to a cure: a healthy man is joyful, and a diligent man attains learning; a just man gains the reward of his virtue.

_Hitopadesa._

146.

Purpose without power is mere weakness and deception; and power without purpose is mere fatuity.

_Sa'dí._

147.

Suffering is the necessary consequence of sin, just as when you eat a sour fruit a stomach complaint ensues.

_Burmese._

148.

Riches disclose in a man's character the bad qualities formerly concealed in his poverty.

_Arabic._

149.

Whate'er the work a man performs, The most effective aid to its completion-- The most prolific source of true success-- Is energy, without despondency.

_Ramáyána._

150.

Humility is a virtue all preach, none practise, and yet everybody is content to hear. The master thinks it good doctrine for his servant, the laity for the clergy, and the clergy for the laity.

_Selden._

151.

Authority intoxicates, And makes mere sots of magistrates; The fumes of it invade the brain, And make men giddy, proud, and vain; By this the fool commands the wise, The noble with the base complies, The sot assumes the rule of wit, And cowards make the base submit.

_Butler._

152.

No man learns to know his inmost nature by introspection, for he rates himself sometimes too low, and often too high, by his own measurement. Man knows himself only by comparing himself with other men; it is life that touches his genuine worth.

_Goethe._

153.

Increase in goodness as long as thou art here, that, when thou departest, in that thou mayest still be joyful. According to our words and deeds in this life will be the remembrance of us in the world.

_Firdausí._

154.

Parents' affection is best shown by their teaching their children industry and self-denial.

_Burmese._

155.

There are three things to beware of through life: when a man is young, let him beware of his appetites; when he is middle-aged, of his passions; and when old, of covetousness, especially.

_Confucius._

156.

He who has given satisfaction to the best of his time has lived for ages.

_Schiller._

157.

I never yet found pride in a noble nature nor humility in an unworthy mind.

_Feltham._

158.

Worldly fame is but a breath of wind, that blows now this way, now that, and changes name as it changes sides.

_Dante._

159.

True modesty and true pride are much the same thing. Both consist in setting a just value on ourselves--neither more nor less.

_Hazlitt._

160.

Never does a man portray his own character more vividly than in his manner of portraying another.

_Richter._

161.

A foolish husband fears his wife; a prudent wife obeys her husband.

_Chinese._

162.

He who devises evil for another falls at last into his own pit, and the most cunning finds himself caught by what he had prepared for another. But virtue without guile, erect like the lofty palm, rises with greater vigour when it is oppressed.

_Metastasio._

163.

Laughing is peculiar to man, but all men do not laugh for the same reason. There is the attic salt which springs from the charm in the words, from the flash of wit, from the spirited and brilliant sally. There is the low joke which arises from scurrility and idle conceit.

_Goldoni._

164.

The woman who is resolved to be respected can make herself be so even amidst an army of soldiers.

_Cervantes._

165.

Petty ambition would seem to be a mean craving after distinction.

_Theophrastus._

166.

It is an old observation that wise men grow usually wiser as they grow older, and fools more foolish.

_Wieland._

167.

Use law and physic only for necessity. They that use them otherwise abuse themselves into weak bodies and light purses. They are good remedies, bad businesses, and worse recreations.

_Quarles._

168.

In some dispositions there is such an envious kind of pride that they cannot endure that any but themselves should be set forth as excellent; so that when they hear one justly praised they will either openly detract from his virtues; or, if those virtues be, like a clear and shining light, eminent and distinguished, so that he cannot be safely traduced by the tongue, they will then raise a suspicion against him by a mysterious silence, as if there were something remaining to be told which overclouded even his brightest glory.

_Feltham._

169.

Every man thinks with himself, I am well, I am wise, and laughs at others; and 'tis a general fault amongst them all, that which our forefathers approved--diet, apparel, humours, customs, manners--we deride and reject in our time as absurd.

_Burton._

170.

Repeated sin destroys the understanding And he whose reason is impaired repeats His sins. The constant practising of virtue Strengthens the mental faculties, and he Whose judgment stronger grows acts always right.

_Mahábhárata._

171.

If you wish to know how much preferable wisdom is to gold, then observe: if you change gold you get silver for it, but your gold is gone; but if you exchange one sort of wisdom for another, you obtain fresh knowledge, and at the same time keep what you possessed before.

_Talmud._

172.

The man who listens not to the words of affectionate friends will give joy in the time of distress to his enemies.

_Hitopadesa._

173.

It is a proverbial expression that every man is the maker of his own fortune, and we usually regard it as implying that every man by his folly or wisdom prepares good or evil for himself. But we may view it in another light, namely, that we may so accommodate ourselves to the dispositions of Providence as to be happy in our lot, whatever may be its privations.

_Von Humboldt._

174.

Be very circumspect in the choice of thy company. In the society of thy equals thou shalt enjoy more pleasure; in the society of thy superiors thou shalt find more profit. To be the best of the company is the way to grow worse; the best means to grow better is to be the worst there.

_Quarles._

175.

Assume in adversity a countenance of prosperity, and in prosperity moderate thy temper.

_Livy._

176.

Mark this! who lives beyond his means Forfeits respect, loses his sense; Where'er he goes, through the seven births, All count him knave: him women hate.

_Hindu Poetess._

177.

Be cautious in your intercourse with the great; they seldom confer obligations on their inferiors but from interested motives. Friendly they appear as long as it serves their turn, but they will render no assistance in time of actual need.

_Talmud._

178.

Man, though he be gray-headed when he comes back, soon gets a young wife. But a woman's time is short within which she can expect to obtain a husband. If she allows it to slip away, no one cares to marry her. She sits at home, speculating on the probability of her marriage.

_Aristophanes._

179.

Hearts are like tapers, which at beauteous eyes Kindle a flame of love that never dies; And beauty is a flame, where hearts, like moths, Offer themselves a burning sacrifice.

_Omar Khayyám._

180.

When thou utterest not a word thou hast laid thy hand upon it; when thou hast uttered it, it hath laid its hand on thee.

_Sa'dí._

181.

To the tongue which bringeth thee words without reason, the answer that best beseemeth thee is--silence.

_Nizámí._

182.

The man who talketh much and never acteth will not be held in reputation by anyone.

_Firdausí._

183.

Two sources of success are known: wisdom and effort; make them both thine own, if thou wouldst haply rise.

_Mágha._

184.

The worse the ill that fate on noble souls Inflicts, the more their firmness; and they arm Their spirits with adamant to meet the blow.

_Hindu Drama._

185.

Opportunities lose not, for all delay is madness; 'Mid bitter sorrow patience show, for 'tis the key of gladness.

_Turkish._

186.

Man is the only animal with the powers of laughter, a privilege which was not bestowed on him for nothing. Let us then laugh while we may, no matter how broad the laugh may be, and despite of what the poet says about "the loud laugh that speaks the vacant mind." The mind should occasionally be vacant, as the land should sometimes lie fallow, and for precisely the same reason.

_Egerton Smith._

187.

The man of affluence is not in fact more happy than the possessor of a bare competency, unless, in addition to his wealth, the end of his life be fortunate. We often see misery dwelling in the midst of splendour, whilst real happiness is found in humbler stations.

_Herodotus._

188.

Love of money is the disease which renders us most pitiful and grovelling, and love of pleasure is that which renders us most despicable.

_Longinus._

189.

He who labours diligently need never despair. We can accomplish every thing by diligence and labour.

_Menander._

190.

Lost money is bewailed with deeper sighs Than friends, or kindred, and with louder cries.

_Juvenal._

191.

In one short verse I here express The sum of tomes of sacred lore: Beneficence is righteousness, Oppression's sin's malignant core.

_Sanskrit._

192.

A wound inflicted by arrows heals, a wood cut down by an axe grows, but harsh words are hateful--a wound inflicted by them does not heal. Arrows of different sorts can be extracted from the body, but a word-dart cannot be drawn out, for it is seated in the heart.

_Mahábhárata._

193.

To address a judicious remark to a thoughtless man is a mere threshing of chaff.

_Hitopadesa._

194.

All the blessings of a household come through the wife, therefore should her husband honour her.

_Talmud._

195.

Certain books seem to be written, not that we might learn from them, but in order that we might see how much the author knows.

_Goethe._

196.

All that is old is not therefore necessarily excellent; all that is new is not despicable on that account alone. Let what is really meritorious be pronounced so by the candid judge after due investigation; blockheads alone are influenced by the opinion of others.

_Hindu Drama._

197.

One of the diseases of this age is the multitude of books. It is a thriftless and a thankless occupation, this writing of books: a man were better to sing in a cobbler's shop, for his pay is a penny a patch; but a book-writer, if he get sometimes a few commendations from the judicious, he shall be sure to reap a thousand reproaches from the malicious.

_Barnaby Rich._

198.

We rather confess our moral errors, faults, and crimes than our ignorance.

_Goethe._

199.

The angel grows up in divine knowledge, the brute, in savage ignorance, and the son of man stands hesitating between the two.

_Persian._

200.

She is a wife who is notable in her house; she is a wife who beareth children; she is a wife whose husband is as her life; she is a wife who is obedient to her lord. The wife is half the man; a wife is man's dearest friend; a wife is the source of his religion, his worldly profit, and his love. He who hath a wife maketh offerings in his house. Those who have wives are blest with good fortune. Wives are friends, who, by their kind and gentle speech, soothe you in your retirement. In your distresses they are as mothers, and they are refreshment to those who are travellers in the rugged paths of life.

_Mahábhárata._

201.

He that is ambitious of fame destroys it. He that increaseth not his knowledge diminishes it. He that uses the crown of learning as an instrument of gain will pass away.

_Talmud._

202.

While the slightest inconveniences of the great are magnified into calamities, while tragedy mouths out their sufferings in all the strains of eloquence, the miseries of the poor are entirely disregarded; and yet some of the lower ranks of people undergo more real hardships in one day than those of a more exalted station suffer in their whole lives.

_Goldsmith._

203.

It is impossible for those who are engaged in low and grovelling pursuits to entertain noble and generous sentiments. Their thoughts must always necessarily be somewhat similar to their employments.

_Demosthenes._

204.

The interval is immense between corporeal qualifications and sciences: the body in a moment is extinct, but knowledge endureth to the end of time.

_Hitopadesa._

205.

If thou lackest knowledge, what hast thou then acquired? Hast thou acquired knowledge, what else dost thou want?

_Talmud._

206.

Be modest and simple in your deportment, and treat with indifference whatever lies between virtue and vice. Love the human race; obey God.

_Marcus Aurelius._

207.

Bootless grief hurts a man's self, but patience makes a jest of an injury.

_R. Chamberlain._

208.

Poverty without debt is independence.

_Arabic._

209.

Just as the track of birds that cleave the air Is not discovered, nor yet the path of fish That skim the water, so the course of those Who do good actions is not always seen.

_Mahábhárata._

210.

He who has wealth has friends; he who has wealth has relations; he who has wealth is a hero among the people; he who has wealth is even a sage.

_Hitopadesa._

211.

Like a beautiful flower, full of colour but without scent, are the fine but fruitless words of him who does not act accordingly.

_Dhammapada._

212.

When men are doubtful of the true state of things, their wishes lead them to believe in what is most agreeable.

_Arrianus._

213.

Most men the good they have despise, And blessings which they have not prize: In winter, wish for summer's glow, In summer, long for winter's snow.

_Sanskrit._

214.

The best conduct a man can adopt is that which gains him the esteem of others without depriving him of his own.

_Talmud._

215.

Whoso associates with the wicked will be accused of following their ways, though their principles may have made no impression upon him; just as if a person were in the habit of frequenting a tavern, he would not be supposed to go there for prayer, but to drink intoxicating liquor.

_Sa'dí._

216.

The loss of a much-prized treasure is only half felt when we have not regarded its tenure as secure.

_Goethe._

217.

The dull-hued turkey apes the gait Of lordly peacock, richly plumed; And thus the poetaster shows When he would fain his verse recite.

_Hindu Poetess._

218.

Knowledge acquired by a man of low degree places him on a level with a prince, as a small river attains the irremeable ocean; and his fortune is then exalted.

_Hitopadesa._

219.

An evil-minded man is quick to see His neighbour's faults, though small as mustard seed; But when he turns his eyes towards his own, Though large as _bilva_ fruit, he none descries.

_Mahábhárata._

220.

Two persons die remorseful: he who possessed and enjoyed not, and he who knew but did not practise.

_Sa'dí._

221.

With regard to a secret divulged and kept concealed, there is an excellent proverb, that the one is an arrow still in our possession, the other is an arrow sent from the bow.

_Jámí._

222.

The thing we want eludes our grasp, Some other thing is given; sometimes Our wish is gained, and gifts unsought Are ours; these all are God's own work.

_Hindu Poetess._

223.

If a man conquer in battle a thousand times a thousand men, and if another conquer himself, he is the greater of conquerors.[10]

_Dhammapada._

[10] Cf. Prov. XVI, 32.

224.

The man who is in the highest state of prosperity, and who thinks his fortune is most secure, knows not if it will remain unchanged till the evening.

_Demosthenes._

225.

Amongst all possessions knowledge appears pre-eminent. The wise call it supreme riches, because it can never be lost, has no price, and can at no time be destroyed.

_Hitopadesa._

226.

The shadows of the mind are like those of the body. In the morning of life they all lie behind us, at noon we trample them under foot, and in the evening they stretch long, broad, and deepening before us.

_Longfellow._

227.

He who is full of faith and modesty, who shrinks from sin, and is full of learning, who is diligent, unremiss, and full of understanding--he, being replete with these seven things, is esteemed a wise man.

_Burmese._

228.

If your foot slip, you may recover your balance, but if your tongue slip, you cannot recall your words.

_Telugu._

229.

A vacant mind is open to all suggestions, as the hollow mountain returns all sounds.

_Chinese._

230.

Women are ever masters when they like, And cozen with their kindness; they have spells Superior to the wand of the magicians; And from their lips the words of wisdom fall, Like softest music on the listening ear.

_Firdausí._

231.

A man cannot possess anything that is better than a good wife, or anything that is worse than a bad one.

_Simonides._

232.

The wife of bad conduct--constantly pleased with quarrelling--she is known by wise men to be cruel Old Age in the form of a wife.

_Panchatantra._

233.

I have often thought that the cause of men's good or ill fortune depends on whether they make their actions fit with the times. A man having prospered by one mode of acting can never be persuaded that it may be well for him to act differently, whence it is that a man's Fortune varies, because she changes her times and he does not his ways.

_Machiavelli._

234.

By nature all men are alike, but by education very different.

_Chinese._

235.

Whilom, ere youth's conceit had waned, methought Answers to all life's problems I had wrought; But now, grown old and wise, too late I see My life is spent, and all my lore is nought.

_Omar Khayyám._

236.

Weak men gain their object when allied with strong associates: the brook reaches the ocean by the river's aid.

_Mágha._

237.

A swan is out of place among crows, a lion among bulls, a horse among asses, and a wise man among fools.

_Burmese._

238.

Whosoever does not persecute them that persecute him; whosoever takes an offence in silence; he who does good because of love; he who is cheerful under his sufferings--these are the friends of God, and of them the Scripture says, "They shall shine forth like the sun at noontide."

_Talmud._

239.

It is intolerable that a silly fool, with nothing but empty birth to boast of, should in his insolence array himself in the merits of others, and vaunt an honour which does not belong to him.

_Boileau._

240.

Ask not a man who his father was but make trial of his qualities, and then conciliate or reject him accordingly. For it is no disgrace to new wine, if only it be sweet, as to its taste, that it was the juice [or daughter] of sour grapes.

_Arabic._

241.

The sun opens the lotuses, the moon illumines the beds of water-lilies, the cloud pours forth its water unasked: even so the liberal of their own accord are occupied in benefiting others.

_Bhartrihari._

242.

We blame equally him who is too proud to put a proper value on his own merit and him who prizes too highly his spurious worth.

_Goethe._

243.