Chapter XVI: Appendix: Boys' Dictionary of Marine Terms

=Abaft.= Behind; toward the stern.

=Abeam.= At right angles to the side and in
horizontal plane.

=Aft.= Toward the stern.

=After-body.= Between amidships and stern.

=Aloft.= Overhead; on the yards or in the upper
rigging.

=Amidships.= The middle part of a vessel.

=Anchor.= Instrument for holding vessels at rest
in the water. Made of iron.

=Athwart. Athwartships.= Across; from side to
side.

=Ballast.= Material used to load the ship, for
stability or submerging purposes.

=Barge.= General name for vessels built for
towing.

=Bark.= Three-masted vessel, square-rigged on the
fore- and main-masts, and fore-and-aft rigged on
the mizzen.

=Barkentine.= Three-masted vessel, square-rigged
on the foremast and fore-and-aft on the main-and
mizzen-masts.

=Beam.= The widest part of a vessel.

=Bollards.= Posts of timber on sides of docks,
quays, etc., over which ropes are thrown for
hauling vessels alongside.

=Boom.= The lower spar for a fore-and-aft sail.

=Bow.= Sides of fore part of boat: the right hand
being the starboard bow, and the left hand the
port bow.

=Bowsprit.= Pole projecting from stem forward, and
taking forestays and bobstays.

=Bridge-house.= House built near bridge.

=Brig.= Vessel with two masts, both square-rigged
but having a gaff mainsail.

=Buoy.= A floating object moored over a certain
spot; generally a warning of danger.

=Buoyancy.= The capacity for floating which a boat
possesses.

=Cabin.= Room for use of officers and passengers.

=Capstan.= Consists of a long drum revolving
vertically and used for pulling in heavy lines.
Sometimes used in connection with windlass to
hoist anchor by hand.

_Center of Gravity._ Center of weight.

=Coaming.= Raised planking around hatchway of
yacht to prevent water shipped in rough weather
from getting below decks.

=Cockpit.= Formerly an apartment under lower
gun-deck of warship, used as quarters for junior
officers, and during a battle devoted to the
surgeon and his assistants.

=Cockswain.= Person who steers a boat.

=Compass.= Instrument composed of one or more
magnetic needles attached to a circular card which
turns freely on the point of a steel cone or
floats on a liquid. The upper surface of the card
is divided into the 32 points of the compass. Used
to find direction.

=Craft.= Usually denotes small size vessel, but
may be applied to any kind.

=Crane.= Machine for hoisting and moving heavy
equipment and material.

=Cruiser.= Boat intended for extended voyages.
Used in connection with yachts, to distinguish
from racing models.

=Davit.= Light crane on side of ship for lowering
and lifting boats. Sometimes applied to projecting
beam over which anchor is hoisted.

=Displacement.= Weight of ship and all on board
when at sea. It is equal to the weight of the
water displaced.

=Dock.= An excavation of large area for reception
of vessels. Wet-dock for loading and unloading or
dry-dock for building and repairing vessels.

=Dock-yard.= A place where ships are built and
repaired.

=Funnel.= Large sheet-iron tube extending from the
uptake high above the deck, through which smoke
and gases pass.

=Galley.= The kitchen of a vessel.

=Gangway.= Sides of upper deck from main-mast to
mizzen-mast, or from the former to the break of a
poop or raised quarter-deck; also a passage for
entering or leaving vessel.

=Gross tonnage.= Entire cubical capacity of ship,
including every inclosed space and all room under
deck from stem to stern-post, if closed in and
usable.

=Gunwale, gunnel.= Upper part of sheer-strake,
where it comes in contact with upper deck
stringer.

=Headlights.= Lights carried at the masthead.

=Head of the bowsprit.= The forward end.

=Hull.= The entire structure of a vessel,
exclusive of equipment.

=Inboard.= Within the ship.

=Inner skin.= Planking or plating covering the
inside of frames.

=Jack.= Name given to various sails, ropes, etc.

=Jib.= Triangular sail carried on a stay reaching
from the foremast head or from topmast to the
jib-boom.

=Keel.= Backbone of a vessel in wooden ships.
Composed of great lengths of timber connected to
each other by scarfs. In steel ships usually a set
of plates from stem to stern.

=Even keel, uneven keel.= Designates the manner in
which ship floats. If balanced evenly in a
fore-and-aft direction she is on even keel, if
depressed at head or stern she is on uneven keel.

=Keelson angle-bar.= Any angle-bar used in the
construction of a keelson.

=Lanyards.= Short lengths of rope used to tighten
up davit-guys, awnings, etc.

=Launching.= Sliding a boat into the water from
the building-berth.

=Lee side.= Opposite to the side on which the wind
blows.

=Lighter.= Large craft used to bring cargo
alongside or to lighten a grounded vessel.

=List.= When one side of a vessel lies deeper in
the water than the other; caused by shifting
cargo, etc.

=Log.= Apparatus used to determine speed of a
vessel.

=Main-mast.= Principal mast of a ship; the second
mast counting from bow to stern.

=Marine engine.= Engine especially designed for
the propulsion of boats.

=Mast.= A long piece, or system of pieces, of
timber, placed nearly perpendicularly to the
keelson of a vessel to support the spars and gear
by which the sails are set. In modern practice,
steel masts are built by riveting rolled plates
together.

=Midships.= Middle part of a ship.

=Mizzen-mast.= Third mast on a vessel with three
or more masts.

=Mizzen-sails.= Sails carried on a mizzen-mast.

=Mushroom Ventilator.= Short cast-iron tube with
movable iron rod passing through the center. A
metal cup is fitted to the top of the rod, which
may be lifted to permit air to enter, or closed to
prevent water from entering. Generally fitted over
cabins.

=Navigation Bridge.= Bridge used for taking
observations or handling the ship in difficult
situations.

=Outboard.= Outside the hull or beyond the
gunwale.

=Outlet cock.= Any cock used to free a receptacle
of water.

=Paddle-wheels.= Wheels fitted on each side of a
paddle steamer in connection with the
paddle-shaft, consisting of a cast-iron boss from
which wrought-iron arms radiate, strengthened by
rims and stays, and with a float attached to each
arm.

=Pawl.= Small catch to prevent moving object from
going beyond certain limit.

=Pile.= A piece of lumber or iron, together with
others, driven into the bed of a river for the
support of a pier, bridge, etc.

=Pilot Bridge.= Narrow thwartships platform,
extending from side to side above a steamer's
upper or bridge deck. Serves as a station for the
pilot or officer of the watch.

=Port.= Opening in ship's side, in bulwark, etc.

=Propeller-screw.= Propeller in which blades are
at an angle to the line of axis, similar to the
threads of a screw.

=Quarters.= Men's positions when called to their
duties, as during fire or boat drill; also living
accommodations.

=Quay.= Artificial landing-place.

=Raft.= A collection of boards fastened together
by ropes or chains, and capable of floating.

=Ram.= Massive projection under water at the bow
of a warship. The ship is also called a ram.

=Rat-line.= Three-stranded cord, of which the
ladder-like steps in lower rigging, topmast
rigging, etc., are formed.

=Rigging.= Entire equipment of a ship's masts,
spars, etc., with their standing and running
ropes.

=Rudder.= A device for steering vessels. Hinged to
the outside of the hull, usually at the stern.

=Sail.= A device of canvas and rope fastened to
spars and rigging, and extended to catch the wind
and drive the vessel.

=Skiff.= Long, lightly built boat sometimes used
in rowing races.

=Sloop.= Vessel with one mast, having a jib-sail.

=Spar.= Any shaped piece of timber used as a mast,
bowsprit, yard, etc., or intended for such use.

=Stanchion.= A stationary upright support.

=Superstructure.= Any structure above top full
deck.

=Tack.= To change the direction of sailing due to
wind.

=Thwart.= Seats are called thwarts when they
extend from side to side of a boat, athwart when
across.

=Tonnage.= Entire capacity or cubical contents of
a vessel. One ton estimated at 100 cubic English
feet.

=Trawler.= Fishing-vessel with ground-sweeping
net.

=Trim.= Term indicating the state of a ship with
regard to ballast; position of a vessel in the
water with respect to horizontal.

=Turtle-back.= Top of wheel-house, forecastle,
etc., formed like a turtle's back.

=Upper Works.= Same as freeboard when a vessel is
loaded.

=Uptake.= Part connecting smokebox to funnel.
Sometimes includes the smokebox.

=Ventilator.= Usually made of sheet iron in
tubular forms, and arranged to expel foul air and
permit the passage of fresh air to any part of a
ship.

=Vessel.= Craft requiring a licensed master.
(Boats do not).

=Water ballast.= Sea water let into double bottom
or ballast-tank.

=Water-Line.= (Light) Submerging line of vessel
without cargo.

=Water-Line.= (Load) Submerging line of vessel
with full cargo.

=Water-tight Compartment.= Compartment with
water-tight bulkhead at each end.

=Winch.= Machine used for loading or unloading
cargo. Some are hand driven and some electrically
driven.

=Windlass.= Special form of winch used to hoist
anchor.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes:

Obvious punctuation errors repaired.

Page 128, "oppositite" changed to "opposite" (the opposite end of)

Page 131, N italicized to match rest of usage (center of the disk _N_)

Page 132, D italicized to match rest of usage (to the _D_ valve previously)

Page 185, "deterimental" changed to "detrimental" (detrimental to the speed)

End of Project Gutenberg's Boys' Book of Model Boats, by Raymond Francis Yates