Chapter III (2)

At Bradford it is the practice of men and women, dressed in strange costumes, with blackened faces, and besoms in hand, to enter houses on New Year’s Eve so as to “sweep out the old year.”--_N. & Q. 5th S._ vol. i. p. 383.

SCOTLAND.

Hogmanay is the universal popular name in Scotland for the last day of the year. It is a day of high festival among young and old--but particularly the young, who do not regard any of the rest of the Daft Days with half so much interest. It is still customary, in retired and primitive towns, for the children of the poorer class of people to get themselves on that morning swaddled in a great sheet, doubled up in front, so as to form a vast pocket, and then to go along the streets in little bands, calling at the doors of the wealthier classes for an expected dole of oaten bread. Each child gets one quadrant section of oat-cake (sometimes, in the case of particular cases, improved by an addition of cheese), and this is called their _hogmanay_. In expectation of the large demands thus made upon them, the housewives busy themselves for several days beforehand in preparing a suitable quantity of cakes. The children, on coming to the door, cry “Hogmanay!” which is in itself a sufficient announcement of their demands; but there are other exclamations, which either are or might be used for the same purpose. One of these is:

“Hogmanay,
Trollolay,
Give us of your white bread, and none of your grey!”

What is precisely meant by the word _hogmanay_, or by the still more inexplicable _trollolay_, has been a subject fertile in dispute to Scottish antiquaries, as the reader will find by an inspection of the _Archæologia Scotica_. A suggestion of the late Professor Robison of Edinburgh seems the best, that the word hogmanay was derived from _Au qui menez_, (“To the misletoe go”), which mummers formerly cried in France at Christmas. Another suggested explanation is, _Au queux menez_--that is, bring to the beggars. At the same time, it was customary for these persons to rush unceremoniously into houses, playing antic tricks, and bullying the inmates, for the money and choice victuals, crying: _Tire-lire_ (referring to a small money-box they carried), _maint du blanc, et point du bas_.” These various cries, it must be owned, are as like as possible to “Hogmanay, trollolay, give us of your white bread, and none of your grey.”--Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes of Scotland_, 1870, pp. 164-165; see Hales’s _Analysis of Chronoloqy_, 1830, vol. i. pp. 50, 51, also _N. & Q. 5th S._ vol. ii. pp. 329, 517.

In Scotland also, upon the last of the old year, the children go about from door to door, asking for bread and cheese, which they call “Nog-money,” in these words:

“Get up, gude wife, and binno sweir (i.e., be not lazy),
And deal your cakes and cheese while you are here;
For the time will come when ye’ll be dead,
And neither need your cheese nor bread.”

Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._ 1849, vol. i. p. 14.

LANARKSHIRE.

At the town of Biggar (in the upper ward of Lanarkshire) it has been customary from time immemorial among the inhabitants to celebrate what is called “burning out the old year.” For this purpose, during the day of the 31st of December, a large quantity of fuel is collected, consisting of branches of trees, brushwood, and coals, and placed in a heap at the “cross;” and about nine o’clock at night the lighting of the fire is commenced, surrounded by a crowd of lookers-on, who each think it a duty to cast into the flaming mass some additional portion of material, the whole being sufficient to maintain the fire till next or New Year’s Day morning is far advanced. Fires are also kindled on the adjacent hills to add to the importance of the occasion.

It is considered unlucky to give out a light to any one on the morning of the new year, and therefore if the house-fire has been allowed to become extinguished, recourse must be had to the embers of the pile. This then accounts for the maintenance of the fire up to a certain time on New Year’s Day.

Some consider these fires to be the relics of Pagan or of Druidical rites of the dark ages; perhaps of a period as remote as that of the _Beltaine fires_, the change of circumstances having now altered these fires, both as to the particular season of year of their celebration, and of their various religious forms.--_N. & Q. 2nd S._ vol. ix. p. 322.

MORAYSHIRE.

In the village of Burghead, situated on the southern shore of the Moray Frith, about nine miles from Elgin, the county town of Morayshire, the following curious custom is observed:

On the evening of the last day of December (Old Style), the youths of the village assemble about dusk, and make the necessary preparations for the celebration of the “Clavie.” Proceeding to some shop they demand a strong empty barrel, which is usually given at once, but if refused taken by force. Another for breaking up, and a quantity of tar are likewise procured at the same time. Thus furnished they repair to a particular spot close to the sea-shore, and commence operations. A hole about four inches in diameter is first made in the bottom of the stronger barrel, into which the end of a stone pole, five feet in length, is firmly fixed: to strengthen their hold a number of supports are nailed round the outside of the former, and also closely round the latter. The tar is then put into the barrel, and set on fire, and the remaining one being broken up, stave after stave is thrown in until it is quite full. The “Clavie,” already burning fiercely, is now shouldered by some strong man, and borne away at a rapid pace. As soon as the bearer gives signs of exhaustion, another willingly takes his place; and should any of those who are honoured to carry the blazing load meet with an accident, as sometimes happens, the misfortune incites no pity even among his near relatives. In making the circuit of the village they are said to confine themselves to its old boundaries. Formerly, the procession visited all the fishing-boats, but this has been discontinued for some time. Having gone over the appointed ground, the “Clavie” is finally carried to a small artificial eminence near the point of the promontory, and interesting as being a portion of the ancient fortifications, spared probably on account of its being used for this purpose, where a circular heap of stones used to be hastily piled up, in the hollow centre of which the “Clavie” was placed still burning. On this eminence, which is termed the “durie,” the present proprietor has lately erected a small round column, with a cavity in the centre for admitting the fire end of the pole, and into this it is now placed. After being allowed to burn on the “durie” for a few minutes, the “Clavie” is most unceremoniously hurled from its place, and the smoking embers scattered among the assembled crowd, by whom, in less enlightened times, they were eagerly caught at and fragments of them carried home and carefully preserved as charms against witchcraft. At one time superstition invested the whole proceedings with all the solemnity of a religious rite, the whole population joining in it as an act necessary to the welfare and prosperity of the little community during the year about to commence.

The “Clavie” has now, however, degenerated into a mere frolic, kept up by the youngsters more for their own amusement than for any benefit which the due performance of the ceremony is believed to secure.--_N. & Q. 2nd S._ vol. ix. p. 38; see also _N. & Q. 2nd S._ vol. ix. pp. 106, 169, 269; and _Book of Days_, vol. ii. pp. 789-791.

ORKNEY.

It was formerly the custom in Orkney for large bands of the common class of people to assemble on New Year’s Eve, and pay a round of visits, singing a song which commenced as follows:

“This night it is guid New’r E’en’s night,
We’re a’ here Queen Mary’s men;
And we’re come here to crave our right,
And that’s before our Lady.”

Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._ 1849, vol. i. p. 9; see Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes
of Scotland_, 1870, pp. 167, 168, 324.

IRELAND.

On the last night of the year a cake is thrown against the outside door of each house by the head of the family, which ceremony is said to keep out hunger during the ensuing one.--Croker, _Researches in the South of Ireland_, 1824, p. 233.

A correspondent of _N. & Q._ (_5th S._ vol. iii. p. 7) says, on New Year’s Day about the suburbs at the County Down side of Belfast, the boys run about carrying little twisted wisps of straw, which they offer to persons whom they meet, or throw into their houses, as New Year’s offerings, and expect to get in return any small present, such as a little money or a piece of bread.

About Glenarm, on the coast of County Antrim, the “wisp” is not used, but on this day the boys go about from house to house, and are regaled with bannocks of oaten bread, buttered; these bannocks are baked specially for the occasion, and are commonly small, thick, and round, and with a hole through the centre. Any person who enters a house on New Year’s Day must either eat or drink before leaving it.

INDEX.

Abbé de Liesse, 459

Abbot of Misrule, 459

Acres Fair, 388

Advent Bells, 431

Agatha (St.), 374

Agnes’ (St.) Day, 47

Agnes’ (St.) Eve, 46

Agnes’ (St.) Fast, 46

Alaf-mass, 347

Ale, the Whitsun, 278

Allan Day, 395

Alleluia, Funeral of the, 45

All Fools’ Day, 184

All Hallows’ Day, 397

All Hallow Mass, 55

All Saints’ Day, 404

All Souls’ Day, 409

All Souls’ Eve, 405

Andermess, 430

Andisop, 431

Andrew’s (St.), Day, 429

Andrew’s (St.), Under Shaft, 247

Androis Mess, 430

Andrys Day, 430

Anne’s (St.) Day, 346, 357

Annunciation, Festival of, 180

Apparition of St. Michael, 275

Apples, given away on New Year’s Day, 5

Apples, ducking for, on Halloween, 394

Apple-trees, wassailing of, 450

April Gouks, 187

Apprentices’ Feast, 355

Array, Court of, 287

Ascension Day, 210

Ash Wednesday, 84

Ashton faggot, 446

Ass-ridlin, 199

Assumption of the Virgin Mary, 357

Aughrim, battle of, 340

August, Gule of, 347

Auld Handsel Monday, 19

Avage or Avisage, 416

Bacchus, Verses written in honour of, 58

Bacon, gammon of, eaten at Easter, 162

Bairn bishop, 291

Baker’s Clem, 423

Balmoral Castle, Halloween at, 401

Bannich Bruader, 90

Bannich Junit, 89

Barchan’s (St.) Day, 437

Barnabas’ (St.) Day, 310

Barring out, 72

Bartholomew’s (St.) Day, 361

Barton Fair, 379

Bay, used as a decoration at Christmas, 458

Beans, kings created by, 20

Bear-baiting, 385

Beating the Bounds, 210

Beating the Cross, 213

Becket, Thomas-à-, 338

Becket’s Fair, 339

Bedfordshire, 151, 205, 290, 374, 439, 493

Bees, Superstition regarding, 451

Bells, 5, 62, 82, 87, 476, 496, 499, 500, 504

Beltein, 223, 269

Berkshire, 119, 152, 191, 194, 233, 346, 377, 439, 466

Bezant, festival at Shaftesbury, 207

Bible, opening of, on New Year’s Day, 5

Biddenham Cakes, 165

Binding Tuesday, 188

Birch, used as a decoration at Whitsuntide, 281

Black Cherry Fair, 357

Blaize’s (St.) Day, 60

Blasius (St.), 60

Blayse (St.) Night, 62

Blessing of the Brine, 210

Blood Thursday, 500

Bloody Thursday, 148

Bluecoats, worn on St. George’s Day, 193

Boar’s Head, at Christmas, 455, 470, 473, 477

Boat Sunday, 443

Boggons, 32

Bonfires, 22, 61, 313, 395

Bounds, beating of the, 210

Bounds Thursday, 210

Boxing Day, 493

Boy’s Bailiff, 287

Boy Bishop, 291, 432

Boyne, battle of, 337

Braggot, 117

Braggot Sunday, 117

Bread, baked on Good Friday, 149

Bread Mass, 347

Brices’ (St.) Day, 421

Bride-Ale, 278

Bridget’s (St.) Eve, 344

Brine, blessing of the, 210

Buckinghamshire, 6, 58, 69, 135, 169, 210, 234, 290, 291, 314, 323,
331, 354, 373, 390, 419, 426, 467, 493

Bull-baiting, 369, 439

Bull-running, 421

Buns, made on Good Friday, 150, 157

Burning out the Old Year, 506

‘Buryin’ Peter,’ 333

Burying the Mace, 380

Bustard, eaten at Christmas, 456

Cake Night, 398

Cambridgeshire, 39, 105, 123, 234, 323, 334, 343, 419, 423, 426, 468,
494

Candles offered to St. Blayse, 62

Candle Bearing, 54

Candle Day, 428

Candlemas Ba’, 57

Candlemas bleeze or blaze, 56

Candlemas Candle, 55

Candlemas Day, 54

Candlemas Eve, 52

Card-playing at Christmas, 463

Careing Fair, 118

Careing Sunday, 119

Care Sunday, 121

Carl Sunday, 122

Carlings, 122

Carling Groat, 123

Carling Sunday, 122

Carol Singing, 456

‘Catching,’ 109

Catherine’s (St.) Day, 426

Cathern bowl, 429

Cattern Day, 426

Chalk-back-Day, 370

Chare Thursday, 139

Charles I., King of England, execution of, 50

Charles II., King of England, celebration of Twelfth Night by, 29;
his Restoration, 301

Charlton Fair, 387

Cheese, given away at Christmas, 482

Cheshire, 69, 169, 195, 210, 234, 283, 314, 324, 405, 409, 441, 446

Childermas Day, 498

Children’s Day, 177

Chimney Sweepers’ Dance, 231

Chopping at the Tree, 167

Christ’s Bed, making of, 158

Christ’s Hospital, London, 179, 311, 374, 422

Christ’s Presentation, 54

Christmas under the Commonwealth, 454

Christmas Book, 456

Christmas Box, 19, 493

Christmas Candles, 456

Christmas Carols, 457

Christmas Clog, 52, 452

Christmas Day, 452

Christmas Decorations, 457

Christmas Drink, 473

Christmas Eve, 446

Christmas Presents, 19

Christmas Sports, 403

Christmas Tree, 463

Clome, the, used in wassailing, 21

Cloth Fair, 363

Church-porch, watching in the, 200

Churches decorated, 157, 162, 280, 281, 457

Claudius Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, 204

‘Clavie,’ the burning of, 507

Clement’s (St.) Day, 423

Clipping the Church, 176

Cob loaf stealing, 451

Cobbs, given away on St. Thomas’ Day, 442

Cocks and Dumps, 67

Cock Crower, 92

Cock Fighting, 65, 177

‘Cock in the pot,’ 39

‘Cock on the dunghill,’ 39

Cock Penny, 79

Cock running, 78

Cock throwing, 78

Cocque’els, 81

Coelcoeth, 398

Coffin Crusts, 458

Cold Possett, 502

Collar of Brawn, 468

Collop Monday, 57

Columbkill, 310

Columb’s (St.) Well, 310

Commencement Day, 334

Compostella, Shrine of St. James at, 345

Coquerells, 81

Coquilles, 81

Corn Showing, 172

‘Corning, going a-,’ 443

Cornwall, 47, 58, 73, 120, 121, 128, 162, 216, 235, 275, 279, 302,
315, 324, 338, 339, 378, 395, 431, 446, 468, 501

Corpus Christi Day, 297

Corpus Christi Eve, 297

Coteswold Games, 292

Court of Array, 287

Coventry Show Fair, 300

Crab-Apples, gathered on Michaelmas Day, 376

Crabbing the Parson, 341

Crack-nut Sunday, 375

Cracklin Friday, 153

Cramp Rings, 49

Cresset-light, 317

Creeping to the Cross, 148

Crispin’s (St.) Day, 388

Cross, Invention of the, 275

Cross Day of the Year, 500

Crowdie, 88

Crowning of the Cock, 487

Croyland Abbey, knives given away at, on St. Bartholomew’s Day, 367

Cuckoo, 187, 192

Cuckoo Ale, 192

Cumberland, 29, 72, 159, 163, 279, 291, 310, 315, 356, 419, 469, 501

Curfew Bell, 78

Cushion Dance, 253

Cuthbert’s (St.) Day, 371

‘Cutting off the fiddler’s head,’ 34

Cymhortha, 110

Cypress, used as decoration at Christmas, 458

Daft Days, 505

‘Dart, throwing the,’ 370

David’s (St.) Day, 110

‘Dead and Living Ford,’ 17

Decoration of Churches, 157, 162, 280, 281, 457

Deptford Fair, 296

Derbyshire, 30, 39, 74, 99, 105, 128, 165, 170, 211, 237, 283, 302,
404, 409, 412, 446, 469, 502

Desmas, one of the thieves crucified with our Lord, 499

Devils’ Knell, 452

Devonshire, 20, 59, 76, 100, 152, 212, 217, 237, 302, 308, 324, 348,
446

‘Dipping,’ 5

Dipping Day, 235

Dirge Loaf, 410

Dish Fair, 387

Dismal Day, the, 275

Distaff’s (St.) Day, 36

Doggett, Thomas, 349

Dogs, Whipping of, 386, 387

Dole Bread, 401

Doleing Day, 443

Dorsetshire, 30, 55, 152, 159, 205, 385, 441, 470

Dough-nut Day, 78

Dover, Robert, 292

Drinking Sowins, 489

Druids, 1, 223

Duck-under-water, 253

Dulce Domum, sung at Winchester School, 284

Dumb-cake, 199, 312, 384

Durham, 303, 371

Dutton, family of, privileged to license the Cheshire minstrels, 324

Dyzemas Day, 499

Easter Day, 161

Easter Eve, 159

Easter Monday, 169

Easter Tuesday, 179

Eccles Cakes, 369

Eccles Wake, 369

Edward IV. of England, his Coronation, 498

Eel Fair, 293

Egg-hopping, 329

Egg Saturday, 52

Elecampane, 171

Election of kings by beans, 24

Elizabeth, Queen of England, her accession observed, 422

Epiphany, 24

Epping Hunt, 171

Erconwald’s (St.) Day, 422

Essex, 6, 94, 153, 171, 212, 237, 280, 378, 416, 470

Eton Montem, 290

Eve of the Epiphany, 20

Eve of Paul’s Tide, 47

Evelyn, John, 183, 454

Evil May-day, 248

Execution of Charles I., King of England, 50

Fadé-dance, 276

Fag-pies, 119

Fairchild Lecture, 291

Faith’s (St.) Day, 384

Farthing Loaf Day, 319

Fastren’s E’en, 88

Fastyngonge Tuesday, 81

Fern, superstitions connected with, 312

Ferrers, George, 460

Festival of Kings, 20

Fiddler’s Head, cutting off of the, 34

Fig-one, 15

Fig-pies, 119

Fig-pie Wake, 119

Fig-sue, 15, 153

Fig-Sunday, 128, 133

Fires, lighting of, on Eve of the Epiphany, 22;
on St Blaize’s Day, 61;
on St. John’s Eve, 313;
on Hallow Eve, 395

‘First Foot,’ 5, 17, 483

Flag Day, 332

Flap-dragon, 463

Flap-jack, 63

Flitting Day, 301

Floralia, 223, 245

Flower of the Well, 17

Flower Sermon, 291

Flowering Sunday, 134

Font-hallowing, 159

Fool-plough, 37

Foot ball, 75, 83, 87, 401

Freemen’s Well, the, 201

Friars’ Girdles, worn by ladies, 94

Friday in Lide, 120

Fritter Bell, 78

Fritter Thursday, 96

Fruttors Thursday, 96

Funeral of the Alleluia, 45

Furmity, 117, 472, 483

Furry Festival, 275

Gammon of Bacon, eaten at Easter, 162

Gang Monday Land, 210

Gangweek, 204

Ganging Day, 380

Garland Day, 243

Garland Sunday, 376

Garlic Sunday, 376

Gaunt, John of, 358

George’s (St.) Day, 192

Gerard’s Hall, 247

Gestas, one of the thieves crucified with our Lord, 499

Giants, display of, at Chester, 314

Gregory’s (St.) Day, 125

Glastonbury thorn, 34, 454, 467

Gloucestershire, 22, 238, 280, 292, 379, 388, 447, 470, 499, 502

Gloves, at Fairs, 297, 348

Glove Money, 4

Glove Silver, 348

God Cakes, 12

Goddes Day, 148

God’s Day, 148

God’s Friday, 148

‘God speed the Plough,’ 41

Goluan, 315

Good Friday, 148

Good Friday Bread, 149

‘Gooding, going-a,’ 438

Goodish Tuesday, 86

‘Good Morrow, Valentine,’ 109

Good Pas Day, 118

Goose, eaten at Michaelmas, 376

Goose Fair, Nottingham, 383

Goose-pies, 196

Gosling, May, 233, 265

Gospel Trees, 208

Gowk, hunting the, 188

Grace Cup, 450

Grass Week, 204

Green Bower Feast, 289

Greenock Fair, 337

Grimaldi, Joseph, 461

‘Grotto, pray remember the,’ 345

Guisards, 488

Guisings, 181

Gule of August, 347

Gunpowder Plot, 410

Guy Fawkes, his day, 410

Gyst Ale, 181

Hackin, the, at Christmas, 456

Hailing the Lamb, 212

Halgaver Court, 389

Hall’ Monday, 58

Hallow Eve, 394

Hampshire, 77, 119, 187, 238, 281, 284, 296, 304, 305, 372, 448

Handsel Monday, 19, 488

Harlequinade, 461

Harrow School, shooting at, 357

Hay, strewn in churches, 327, 338

Hays, the, 34

Heaving, 173, 177

Heaving Days, 175

Heavy Cake, 216, 236

Helen’s (St.) Day, 274, 360

Hempseed, divination by, 99, 313, 400

Hen-threshing, 68

Hentzner, Paul, visits Bartholomew Fair, 361

Herb-pudding, 151

Herefordshire, 7, 22, 106, 128, 281, 409, 441, 448, 471

Heriot’s Hospital, 309

Hertfordshire, 78, 128, 181, 238, 380, 442

Het Pint, 15

Hilary’s (St.) Day, 44

Hirings, for servants, 279

Hobby-horse, 236, 461, 463, 486

Hobby-horse Dance, 480

Hobby-horsing, 262

Hock Day, 180

Hock Money, 191

Hock-tide, 188

Hocktide play at Chester, 189

Hock Tuesday, 188

Hodening, 472

Hogmanay, 488, 505

Hoke Day, 189

Holiday of St. Simeon, 54

Hollantide Eve, 396

Holly, used as a decoration at Christmas, 458

Holly, its derivation, 457

Holly Boy, 107

Holly Bussing, 180

Holly Night, 35

Holy Cross Day, 372

Holy Innocents’ Day, 497

Holy Rood Day, 372

Holy Thursday, 215

Holy Saturday, 160

Honey Fairs, 469

Hood, throwing the, 32

Hoofing-place, 12

Horns, blown on May Day, 260

Horses, bled on St. Stephen’s Day, 492

Horses, decorated on May Day, 243

Hot Cockles, 463

Hot Cross Buns, 150, 157

Hot Pint, 15, 17

Hunting the Gowk, 188

Hunting the Ram, 354

Hunting the Squirrel, 404, 429, 430, 463, 481

Hunting the Wren, 494

Huntingdonshire, 40, 78, 217, 241, 334

Inns of Court, 396, 473

Ireland, 23, 75, 91, 96, 125, 136, 139, 158, 160, 168, 178, 183, 198,
222, 270, 282, 300, 310, 321, 329, 337, 340, 344, 370, 375, 383, 403,
408, 420, 452, 491, 497, 500, 508

Irving, Washington, his remarks on seeing a Maypole, 234

Isle of Axholme, 30

Isle of Man, 8, 33, 80, 154, 221, 246, 316, 325, 348, 395, 431, 442,
449, 472, 494, 503

Isle of Thanet, 183, 428

Isle of Wight, 87, 504

Ivy, used as a decoration at Christmas, 458, 478

Ivy Girl, 107

Jack and Joan Fair, 385

Jack of Hilton, 10

Jack O’Lent, 93

Jack of May, 264

Jack-pudding, 463

James’ (St.) Day, 344

James (St.) the Less, his day, 234

James’ (St.) Palace, 153

Jeu-nhydn, 468

John’s (St.) Day, 323

John’s (St.) Eve, 311

John O Gaunt’s Day, 191

Jolly Lads, 134

Joseph of Arimathea, legend regarding his staff, 467

Judas Iscariot, flogging of, 155

Jough-ny-nollick, 473

Juniper, burnt before cattle, 18

Kenelm’s (St.) Day, 341

Kenilworth Castle, Queen Elizabeth’s visit to, 189

Kent, 78, 107, 165, 207, 242, 296, 332, 339, 345, 385, 423, 427, 429,
448, 471

Ket Bank, 220

Kill Bull, the, 477

Kings created by Beans, 20

King’s Cock Crower, 92

King of the Bean, 26

King of Cockneys, 498

King of the Millers, 285

Kit-dressing, 231

Knappan, 184

Knives, given away on St. Bartholomew’s Day, 367

Knotting-sowins, 489

Laa’l Brushey, 51

Lad’s Valentine, 99

Lady Day, 180

Lady Godiva, 280, 300

Lady of the Lamb, 297

Lamb Ale, 278

Lambert Simmel, 115

Lambs’ Wool, 23, 449, 483

Lammas Day, 347

Lammas Towers, 351

Lamprey-pies, 470

Lancashire, 7, 79, 119, 134, 153, 181, 213, 217, 243, 284, 316, 334,
345, 355, 368, 369, 384, 385, 395, 406, 472

La Sheachanna na bleanagh, 275

Lating or Leeting the Witches, 395

Laurel, used as a Christmas decoration, 458

Lawless Court, at King’s Hill, 378

Lawless Hour, at Kidderminster, 379

Leaping the Well, 201

Leeks, worn on St. David’s Day, 110, 113

Leek Pasties, 83

Leet Ale, 278

Leicestershire, 40, 79, 197, 284, 338

Leith Races, 335

Lent Crocking, 76

Leonard’s (St.) Day, 416

Lide, Friday in, 120

Lifting, 173

Lincolnshire, 30, 40, 128, 154, 220, 245, 294, 367, 372, 412, 421

Loaf Mass, 347

Looe Fair Day, 236

Long Rope Day, 157

“Looking through the keyhole,” 105

Lord Mayor’s Day, 417, 459

Lord Mayor of Pennyless Cone, 487

Lord of Misrule, 339, 459, 474, 478

Louis XI. of France, his superstition regarding Holy Innocents’ Day,
498

Lotts, the, 350

Low Easter Day, 184

Low Sunday, 183

Luke’s (St.) Day, 386

Mace Board, 246

Mace, burying the, 380

Mace Monday, 346

Mainstyr Fiddler, 34

Mallard Night, 44

Mandate Thursday, 140

Margaret’s (St.) Day, 343

Mari Lwyd, 486

Mark’s (St.) Day, 200, 203

Mark’s (St.) Eve, 199, 200

Marlings, 181

Marlocking, 181

Mart, its meaning, 418

Martinmas, 347

Martin’s (St.) Day, 418

Mary’s (St.) Day, in Lent, 180

Matthew’s (St.) Day, 373

Maternus (St.), 463

Maundy Loaves, 140

Maundy Money, 140

Maundy Thursday, 139

May Bough, 243

May Day, 223

May Dew, 225, 242

May Dolls, 216

May Eve, 215

May Fair, 249

May Feast, 263

May Gads, 245

May Games, 225

May Gosling, 233, 265

May Lady, 234

May Music, 216

Maypoles, 228

May Queen, 238, 246, 251, 255

May Songs, 232, 233, 238, 240, 242, 251, 255, 257, 259, 261, 262, 263,
273

May Syllabub, 257

‘Maying, going a,’ 224

Michael (St.), Apparition of, 275

Michaelmas Cake, 383

Michaelmas Day, 376

Michaelmas Eve, 375

Michaelmas Goose, 376

Michael’s (St.) Bannock, 383

Middlesex, 32, 48, 80, 113, 147, 154, 160, 166, 174, 179, 187, 213,
247, 291, 297, 305, 316, 326, 344, 345, 316, 349, 355, 357, 361, 374,
396, 406, 413, 429, 473

Midlent Sunday, 113, 116

Midsummer Day, 323

Midsummer Eve, 311

Midsummer Men, 312

Midsummer Watch, 316, 318

Milk Maids’ Dance, 231

Millers, King of the, 285

Mince-pies, 458

Minched pies, 458

Minstrels’ Festival, 358

Miracle Plays, 283, 298, 343, 478

Mischief Night, 217

Misrule, Lord of, 339, 459, 474, 478

Mistletoe, 458, 459

Mock, the, 446

Modwen’s (St.) Day, 390

Molly Grime, figure in Glentham Church, 154

Monmouthshire, 407

Morris-dancers, 30, 227, 258

Moseley’s Dole, 10

‘Mothering, going a,’ 116

Mothering Sunday, 116

Mummers, 430, 461, 469, 478, 480

Mumping Day, 441

‘Mumping, going a,’ 441

Mutton-pies, 458

Myche, a kind of bread, 96

Nativity of the Virgin Mary, 372

Newark Raffling Day, 51

New Year’s Day, 1

New Year’s Eve, 501

New Year’s Gifts, 1

New Year’s Ode, 4

New Year’s Offerings, 509

New Year’s Song, 19

Newton, Sir Isaac, on the time of Christ’s birth, 453

Nicholas (St.), tradition relating to, 436

Nicholas’ (St.) Day, 432

Nicholas’ (St.) Eve, 432

Nickanan Night, 58

Nicking, of Swans, 346

Nod Beuno, 295

Nog Money, 506

Norfolk, 42, 81, 95, 100, 107, 166, 183, 293, 298, 344, 370, 449, 475,
496

Northamptonshire, 42, 82, 108, 132, 199, 213, 251, 281, 286, 305, 306,
327, 332, 340, 413, 427, 430, 449, 476, 499, 503

Northumberland, 9, 83, 175, 180, 201, 214, 257, 282, 294, 298, 306,
318, 327, 332, 335, 389, 476

Nottinghamshire, 9, 51, 54, 83, 109, 124, 175, 214, 257, 306, 318,
380, 383, 397, 413, 442, 449, 476

Nut Crack Night, 394

‘Nutting, going a,’ 373

Oak Apple Day, 301

Offering Days, 5

Offering Silver, 481

Oiel Verry, 449

Olave’s (St.) Day, 346

‘Old Ball,’ 486

Old Christmas Day, 30, 34, 467

‘Old Clem,’ 432

Old Michaelmas Day, 380

Old Midsummer Day, 328

Old Year, burning out the, 506

Onion Fair, 373

Oswald’s (St.) Day, 355

Oxen, superstition regarding, 447

Oxfordshire, 9, 43, 52, 84, 97, 110, 113, 123, 124, 133, 134, 156,
167, 208, 214, 222, 258, 282, 287, 297, 319, 327, 414, 442, 450, 476,
496, 504

Oysters, eaten on St. James’ Day, 344

Pace Eggs, 163

Pack Monday Fair, 385

Paganalia, 493

Paignton Fair, 308

Palm Saturday, 126

Palm Sunday, 126

‘Palming, going a,’ 127

Pan-burn-Bell, 82

Pancakes, 63, 375

Pancake Bell, 62, 87

Pancake Month, 65

Pantomime, 461

Parish Clerks’ Meeting, 177

Parkin, 416

Paschal Day, 148

Paschal Taper, 159

Passion-dock, 151

Passion Sunday, 121

Paste-Egg Day, 118

Patrick’s Crosses, 136

Patrick’s (St.) Day, 135

Patrick’s Pot, 137

Paul’s (St.) Cathedral, 49

Paul’s (St.) Day, 49

Paul’s (St.) Eve, 47

Paul Pitcher Night, 48

Penderell, Richard, his monument decorated on Oak Apple Day, 305

Penny Hedge, the, 209

Penny Loaf Day, 125

Pepper Cake, 483

Pershore Fair Day, 192

Peter’s (St.) Day, 331

Peter-Pence, 347

Philip’s (St.) Day, 234

Picrous Day, 431

Piepowder, Court of, 364

Pin-money, 4

Pippins, divination by, 397

Piran’s (St.) Day, 121

Plough Bullocks, 39

Plough-lights, 37

Plough Monday, 37

Plough Witchers, 40

Plough Witching, 40

Plowlick Monday, 42

Plum porridge, 462

Plumb-pudding, 462

Plumb-pudding Money, 482

Poisson d’Avril, 184

Pope Joan, 181

Pope-Ladies, 181

Pork Acre, 413

Pot-fair, 323

Preston Guild, 368

‘Progging, going a,’ 414

Procession Week, 204

Processioning, 208, 213

Psalm Caking, 406

‘Pudding-pieing, going a,’ 172

Pulgen, 487

Purification of the Virgin Mary, 54

Push-penny, 303

Quaaltagh, 8

Raffling-Day, at Newark, 51

Ram, hunting the, 354

Ram Feast, 257

Ravenglass Fair, 356

Rayer, or Rahere, founder of Bartholomew Fair, 361

Ream of the Well, 17

Red Spear Knights, 291

Reed Day, 332

Relic Sunday, 340

Restoration Day, 301

Rhyne Toll, the, 390

Richard’s (St.) Day, 188

‘Riding of the George,’ 197

‘Riding the Marches,’ 292, 307

‘Rising Peter,’ 333

Robin Hood, 220, 257

Roche’s (St.) Day, 350

Rock Day, 36

Rogation Sunday, 204

Rope-pulling, at Ludlow, 85

Rosemary, used as decoration at Christmas, 458

Rowan-tree, use of, 154, 394

Rowan-tree Day, 274

Rowan-tree Gads, 274

Royal Oak Day, 301

Rumbald Night, 448

Running Lands, 242

Rushes, strewn in churches, 280, 294

Rush-bearing, 334, 367

Salmon, superstition regarding, 270

Salt-Silver, 418

Saturnalia, 458, 463

Sauin, 395

Scalding Thursday, 375

Scambling Days, 95

Scarlet Days, at Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, 278

Scholastica’s (St.) Day, 97

Scilly Isles, 84, 479

Scotland, 14, 19, 43, 46, 56, 88, 120, 126, 177, 188, 267, 275, 292,
301, 307, 309, 320, 334, 335, 351, 382, 394, 399, 408, 410, 430, 437,
438, 487, 505

Scrutiny Night, 504

Septuagesima, 45

‘Setting the Colne,’ 213

‘Seven joys of the Virgin,’ 464

Shaftesbury Bezant, 205

Shamrock, 136, 139

Sharp Tuesday, 86

Sheelah’s Day, 139

Sher, Shere, Sheere, Thursday, 146

Shier Thursday, 146

Shig-Shag, 305

Shrewsbury Show, 300

Shrid-pies, 458

Shropshire, 82, 262, 287, 301, 407, 410

Shrove Tuesday, 39

Shying at Leaden Cocks, 67

‘Shy for Shy,’ 67

Simeon (St.), holiday of, 54

Simnel Bread, 115

Simnel, Lambert, 115

Simnels, 114

Simnel Sunday, 113

Singed Sheeps’ Heads, carried on St. Andrew’s Day, 430

Singing E’en, 501

Slap-dragon, 463

Sloe Fair, 351

Smock Race, 214

Smuchdan, 18

Smugging, 68

Snap-dragon, 462

Sollaghyn, 80

Somersetshire, 34, 86, 95, 262, 282, 328, 479, 500

Song of the Mallard, 44

Song of the Wren, 35

Sonsy-haggis, 491

Soul Cakes, 405

Souling, going a, 405, 407

Soul Mass Cakes, 409

Sow Day, 438

Sowans-bowie, 490

Spirit Fire, 463

Squirrels, hunting of, 404, 429, 430, 481

Staffordshire, 10, 23, 34, 86, 203, 208, 215, 263, 287, 340, 358, 390,
407, 425, 443, 480

Stagg, offering of, on St. Cuthbert’s Day, 371

Staylaces, given to the Clergy on Ascension Day, 213

Stephening, 493

Stephen’s (St.) Day, 492

Stephen’s (St.) Pudding, 494

Stir-up-Sunday, 431

Subterranean Christmas Bells, 476

Suffolk, 86, 215, 263, 481

Sugar-Cupping, 165

Surrey, 86, 133, 156, 263, 293, 341, 357, 373, 375

Sussex, 11, 157, 264, 381, 389, 414, 430, 443, 450

Swan-upping, 346

Swarf Penny, 420

‘Sweeping the Girls,’ 106

Swig, 113

Swithin’s (St.) Day, 341

Swithin’s (St.) Farthings, 341

Sword-dance, 485

Tander, Tandrew, name given to St. Andrew’s Day, 430

Tansy Cake, 167

Tenbury Fair Day, 192

Terminalia, 204

Tharve Cake, 30

Thomas’ (St.) Day, 438

Thomas’ (St.) Onion, 439

‘Thomasin, going a,’ 441

Threshing the Hen, 68

Throwing at Cocks, 66

‘Throwing the Dart,’ 370

‘Throwing the Hood,’ 32

Tibba’s (St.) Day, 438

Timber Waits, 203

Timbrel Waits, 203

Tindles, 409

Tinley, 405

Toothache, remedy for, 464

Tooting-horn, 352

Trap and ball, 86

Trinity Monday, 296

Trinity Sunday, 294

Trolollay, derivation of, 505

Trundling of Eggs, 178

Turkey, 148, 465

Tuth Day, 192

Twelfth Cake, 24

Twelfth Day, 24

Twelfth Night, 24

Twelfth Night Cards, 25

Tynwald Day, 325

Usque-Cashrichd, 488

Valentine’s (St.) Day, 375

Valentine’s (St.) Eve, 98

Valentines, 101

Valentine dealing, 105

Valentining, 105

Vessel Cup, 464

Vitus’ (St.) Day, 311

Virgin Mary, Annunciation of, 180;
Assumption of, 357;
Nativity of, 372;
Purification of, 54

Wad-Shooting, 489

Waits, 465, 485

Wakes Monday, 404

Wales, 35, 88, 113, 134, 158, 168, 177, 184, 222, 265, 289, 295, 297,
320, 390, 398, 410, 425, 445, 486, 496

Walk Money, 183

‘Walking the Fair,’ 203

Walnut-tree, legend of a miraculous, 467

Ward Penny, 420

Warwickshire, 12, 175, 300, 419, 443, 450

Wrath Money, 420

Wassail Bowl, 501

Wassail Eve, 23

Wassaile, 28

Wastel, the, 115

Watch Night, 501

Weaver, introduces the Pantomime, 461

Well-dressing, 211

Wesley Bob, 483

Westminster School, tossing the pancake at, 80

Westmoreland, 6, 35, 264, 415, 481

‘Wetting the Block,’ 119

Wheel, its origin, 454

Whip-dog Day, 387

Whipping Toms, 79

Whirlin Cakes, 123

Whirlin Sunday, 123

White Sunday, 183

White Thursday, 468

Whitsun Ale, 278

Whitsunday, 278

Whitsun Monday, 283

Whitsun Mysteries, 283

Whitsuntide, 278, 281

Whitsun Tuesday, 290

Whitsun Tryste Fair, 282

‘Wigs,’ a sort of Cake, 426

Wilfrid’s (St.) Feast, 351

Wiltshire, 76, 133, 295, 309, 329, 415

Wives’ Feast, 54

Worcestershire, 12, 157, 176, 188, 192, 215, 265, 306, 319, 341, 416,
428, 443, 482, 500

Wren, hunting of, 494

Wren-boys, 497

Wroth Money, 420

Wycoller Hall, Christmas at, 472

Yarrow, divination connected with, 273

Yew, Churches decorated with, on Good Friday, 156

Yorkshire, 12, 23, 43, 56, 87, 96, 110, 123, 133, 148, 157, 160, 167,
200, 209, 274, 299, 320, 329, 331, 333, 341, 351, 367, 386, 398, 416,
420, 444, 451, 482, 496, 504

Yorkshire Hagmena Song, 14

Youling, 207

Yule, derivation of the term, 453

Yule of August, 347

Yule Babies, 476

Yule Candle, 451

Yule Clog, 452, 465

Yule Day, 487

Yule Log, 453, 465

Yule Straw, 489

Yule-tide, 453

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
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