Chapter V: Part 5

Cancer has long been a problem over which master minds have wrestled, and to read much that is written it would seem that we were yet as far from its solution as ever. Countless able men, at the expense of millions of dollars, have labored faithfully in the laboratory, and it may safely be said that more effort and time have been expended in investigations on cancer, and more has been written concerning it, than ever in connection with any other disease affecting humanity. And yet its mortality is steadily increasing pitifully, in spite also of active, skilful, and faithful surgical treatment.

Is it not possible, therefore, that there is something wrong in our conception of cancer and its treatment? If any other disease presented such a steady and alarming increase in its death rate would we not stop and consider if our treatment were the best possible? If with the introduction of antitoxin the mortality from diphtheria had steadily risen until it was about 90 per cent of all cases, would we persist in employing it? And yet the profession and the laity go blindly on, with the idea that surgery offers the only hope of reaching cancer, when the Mortality Statistics of the United States show that under this line of treatment the death rate has _risen steadily_ from 63 per 100,000 of the population in 1900 to 81.1 per 100,000 in 1915, or 28.7 per cent.

Surely the lesson taught by the steadily and greatly _decreased death rate_ of tuberculosis should teach us something of the value of most careful dietary, hygienic, and medical control of other diseases. For the great white plague, which a while ago threatened even the destruction of the race, shows now a mortality which has steadily _fallen_ 27.8 per cent since 1900, and that even with the continued presence of the tubercle bacilli. I realize that the comparison is not quite correct in all respects, for it is well established that cancer is not due to a microörganism; but it does show us that nutritive errors are at the bottom of the ravages of tuberculosis, and efficient biochemical studies in cancer have satisfied many that the same, although different in character, are true of this disease.

In other words, erroneous nutrition, which is productive of disease of the kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, with their steadily rising mortality of ten to twenty per cent since 1900, as shown on the chart before you,[3] is operating to steadily increase also the morbidity and mortality of cancer, in spite of active and intelligent surgical treatment. And yet the profession and laity seem to be blind to this fact.

It is also not a little remarkable that during the year 1915, when there was a special effort made to educate both the laity and the medical profession in regard to the advisability or necessity of early operations in cancer, the actual death rate rose by 1.7 persons per 100,000 living, whereas the average yearly rise for the preceding five years had been only 1.2 persons per 100,000!

What, then, is the real problem of cancer? Surely it is not to increase the surgical activity, which has resulted only in a steadily ascending scale of mortality, which in reality is greater than that observed in any other malady! For the increase in the death rate from cancer throughout the United States from 1900 to the present time has been coincident with the greatest activity both in laboratory research, and in the advanced surgery of the disease. I repeat, is it not time for us to stop and consider whether our laboratory work with the microscope on morbid tissues, and our experimentation on rats and mice are truly serving to solve the real problem of cancer? Or whether we had not better turn our attention to human beings, and by careful clinical study of our patients, discover where the fundamental error lies, which first induces the formation of an aberrant cell mass, which we call cancer, and then continually feeds it by the same deranged blood stream, so that it becomes utterly uncontrollable and invades and destroys other tissues; while at the same time the anemia, pernicious and progressive in character, gradually saps the life of the patient to a lethal end? For repeated and most careful laboratory studies have demonstrated great and significant changes in the blood in cancer. I hope to satisfy you that the mass which is excised is only the _product_ of a far deeper systemic change, which has probably already produced other, more or less similar masses or deposits elsewhere—in the bones and internal organs or lymphatics. So that surgical removal of the one often stimulates the development of others.

It is seen, then, that it is here denied that the local lesion which we call cancer is the first and only cause of disease. It is also denied that the surgical removal of the offending lump and adjoining glands and tissues, however early it is performed, is a sure and only cure for cancer.

In the recent cancer propaganda, urging the very early and complete removal of everything which could possibly be called pre-cancerous, it is interesting to observe that most of the pictures shown and arguments presented relate to cutaneous epithelioma, which the United States Mortality Statistics show to be the cause of only 2.7 per cent of all deaths included under cancer! Moreover, those of us who see epithelioma daily know that, if properly treated early by other means than the knife, it is commonly a relatively innocent affection. It is acknowledged, however, that by meddling and wrong treatment, as with nitrate of silver, it can be goaded on so as to become a serious affair. In our present consideration of cancer as a disease it is to be understood, therefore, that cutaneous epithelioma is excluded, and that reference is made to the serious malignant disease known as cancer, affecting various other organs of the body. However, many cases of what might be called epithelioma of the lip and oral cavity are of such malignity that they are properly ranked as carcinoma.

Looking at cancer, therefore, as a general disease of which the local lesion, which is ordinarily excised surgically, is simply the result or product of a previous, perhaps long-standing, blood or nutritive disorder, we can readily understand why the simple excision of the tumor and surrounding tissues cannot be expected to eradicate the malady permanently. We can also see why the disease recurs so readily in the scar tissue after operation; for all recognize and admit that cancerous degeneration is apt to develop on any scar tissue. It is also well known that occasionally a tumor which after removal has been proved microscopically to be only a simple adenoma, has eventually been followed by true carcinoma in the cicatrix or elsewhere, under the stimulation of surgical procedure.

Metastatic development, after or without operation, can also be readily understood on the ground of the disease being a constitutional disorder. For, as far as I have observed, there is seldom or never any continuous attempt made after an operation to alter the dyscrasic condition producing the tumor, but the patient is dismissed with the vain hope that there will be no more trouble. It is quite natural, therefore, that the transference of cancerous cells by the lymphatics or blood vessels, will form foci which are readily made to grow further by the vitiated blood stream.

Regarding, then, cancer as a systemic disease, of which the tumor is but a local expression, often or perhaps always the result of local injury or irritation, possibly of one or more “embryonic rests,” let us briefly review the evidence in support of this view, and the measures found successful in combating the basic cause of the disease.

First let me remind you of the _negative_ and _positive_ results of laboratory and other study, which are pretty well conceded by those who know most about the disease; and in presenting these I cannot do better than to quote what I have collected in a former article.[4] There are eight of these in each group.

1. Clinically and experimentally cancer is shown to be _not_ contagious or infectious; although under just the right conditions certain malignant new growths can be inoculated in some animals of the same species, but not in other species, and human cancer cannot be transplanted on animals.

2. Although microörganisms of many kinds often have been found and claimed as the cause of cancer, there has been no concurrence of opinion in regard to them, and it is now pretty conclusively agreed that cancer is _not_ caused by a microörganism or parasite.

3. Cancer is _not_ wholly a result of traumatism; although local injury may have much to do with its development in some particular locality, even as in connection with the late lesions of syphilis.

4. Cancer is _not_ hereditary in any appreciable degree; although some tendency in that direction has been demonstrated in certain strains of mice.

5. Occupation has _not_ any very great influence on the occurrence of cancer; although it is more frequent in some pursuits than in others.

6. Cancer is _not_ altogether a disease of older years; although its occurrence is decidedly influenced by advancing age.

7. It does _not_ especially belong to or affect any particular sex, race, or class of persons.

8. Cancer is _not_ confined to any location or section of the earth, but has been observed in all countries and climates.

But while laboratory and other investigations have not demonstrated any single cause of cancer and have yielded only negative results, they have, by elimination, cleared the way for a study of its cause along other lines, which are bright with promise. They have also established certain facts which confirm the views which from time to time have been briefly expressed by many who were best acquainted with cancer; namely, that, because of its constant recurrence, and from the failure of surgery to check its rising mortality, it must be of a constitutional nature, intimately associated with dietary or nutritional elements, as I have elsewhere shown.[5]

The _positive_ results of laboratory investigation are more encouraging:

1. We know now that the local mass, which we call cancer, represents but a deviation from the normal life and action of the ordinary cells of the body. These once normal cells, for some as yet unexplained reason, take on an abnormal or morbid action, with a continued tendency to malignancy which invades and destroys contiguous tissue, and is associated with a progressive anemia which destroys life.

2. Microscopic study has shown that there is a certain change in the polarity of cells about to be cancer-genetic, with an altered relation of the centrosome to the nucleus. These changes have been well attributed to an alteration in the enzyme contained in the cell, which further depends on the nutrition of the cell as influenced by a faulty metabolism of food elements.

3. The exclusion of all other possible causes leads us naturally to look to a disordered metabolism as a cause of the disturbed action of the hitherto normal cells; and we find much to confirm this view both in laboratory studies on the biochemistry of cancer, and also in clinical and statistical observations.

4. The blood in advancing cancer has repeatedly been shown to exhibit many manifest changes, which indicate vital alteration in the action of the organs which form blood, and so control the nutrition of the body and its cells.

5. Laboratory and clinical evidence demonstrate that the secretions and excretions of the body, both in early and late stages of cancer, exhibit departures from normal which deserve consideration. Although not one of these has as yet been established as pathognomonic of cancer, they all indicate metabolic disturbances which influence the nutrition of the cellular elements, and so these secretory and excretory disturbances are of importance in connection with its causation.

6. As all healthy cells of the body, by their catabolism and anabolism contribute a hormone or something to the general circulation, so experimental evidence shows that the cells of a cancer mass itself, when fully developed, secrete a hormone or something which is poisonous to animals, and which probably hastens the lethal progress of the disease.

7. Repeated laboratory experiences have demonstrated, in a most remarkable manner, the absolute controlling effect of diet on the development of inoculated cancer in mice and rats, so that the process was inhibited almost entirely with certain vegetable feedings.

8. We thus see that as the laboratory has eliminated the local nature of cancer, it has also, in a measure, established the fact that there are medical aspects of the disease which further studies will show to be of the utmost importance. These all tend to demonstrate its constitutional origin, that is, its relation to deranged metabolism, which is now recognized as the basis of so many diseases of more or less serious character.

But clinical and statistical studies come in with overwhelming force to confirm the correctness of this position.

1. We have already seen that with utter medical neglect the death rate of cancer has steadily and greatly increased in the United States, of late years, in spite of the prodigious advances of surgery during the same time. This is also true in all the countries from which we have any accurate statistics. We know also that tuberculosis, as a result of careful medical attention, has decreased in mortality by almost as great a percentage as cancer has increased. The same is reported by reliable observers all over the civilized world.

2. Any number of observers, in many lands, have recorded the almost entire absence of cancer among aborigines, living simple lives, largely vegetarian; they have also shown the definite increase in the disease, and in its mortality, in proportion to their adoption of the customs and diet of so-called modern civilization.

3. This increase of cancer mortality seems to depend largely upon the altered conditions of life attending advanced civilization, particularly along the lines of self-indulgence in eating and drinking and in indolence.

4. Statistics from many countries show that increase in the consumption of meat, coffee, and alcoholic beverages, appears to be coincident with a very great and proportionately greater augmentation of the mortality from cancer.

5. Clinical observation has time and again shown the effect of specific nerve strain and shock in the development of cancer; and there seems to be little question but that the enormous nerve strain of modern life is an element of importance in this direction, both through metabolic disturbance and by direct action on living cells.

6. At present no clear demonstration is possible of the direct method by which errors of metabolism effect the changes in cells to which we give the name malignant, any more than we know how other alterations on the body are produced; such as arterial degeneration, bone changes, obesity, etc., which are recognized as due to metabolic derangement.

7. The results which have been observed in connection with the starvation of cancer, by ligature of vessels, illustrate the relation of the blood supply to growing cancer.

8. Finally, the repeated observation and report of the spontaneous disappearance of cancer, by careful and competent medical men, shows that conditions of the system may arise which are antagonistic to malignant growth, even when it has begun to take place; just as there are other conditions of the system which favor the aberrant action of previously normal cells, resulting in cancer.

The medical aspects of cancer thus loom large, and appear in quite a different light from that in which they have been commonly viewed. We now begin to see some of the reasons why cancer is not primarily a surgical disease, and some of the lines along which observation and investigation should proceed; namely, biochemistry, secretory and excretory derangements, metabolic disturbances, diet, etc., etc. The subject is too new a one to afford a great amount of corroborative proof at present, other than the long personal experience of the writer and others, who have seen tumors disappear under means other than surgical, X-ray, and radium. More clinical and laboratory investigations of human beings are needed, and not simply microscopic studies and experiments on animals, valuable as these have been in the advancement of medical science in connection with other diseases.

We will now consider briefly some of the practical points in regard to the successful treatment of cancer by means other than the knife. I will not take time to review or even to mention the various methods and means which have been proposed and advocated for the cure of cancer, only to end in disappointment for the reason that they did not reach the basic cause of the complaint. The very multiplicity of the suggestions proves their futility.

The line of thought and practise to which I would devote your special attention is not entirely new, but has been hinted at by many careful observers during the past hundred years or more, though it has never before been fully developed or strongly urged. But the experiences of over forty years, together with much study, has so convinced me of the correctness of the principles and practise which I advocate that I cannot too strongly urge you to consider them fully and without bias, and to put them to a satisfactory test, although I quite realize that they are contrary to the generally accepted views of the profession and laity.

The fundamental principle of my thesis lies in the fact that with the so-called advance of modern civilization, certain diseases, for the last fifteen years at least, have showed a steadily increasing mortality. The deaths in the United States from apoplexy, nephritis, and heart disease have steadily increased over ten, fifteen, and twenty per cent respectively, and those from cancer 28.7 per cent. We all realize that the results in the three former diseased conditions are from errors in the mode of life, including eating and drinking, and indolence, and careful study shows that cancer has the same origin. On the other hand, as already stated, the deaths from tuberculosis have steadily declined 27.8 per cent under rational medical treatment, directed mainly along the lines of correct nutrition: the death rate of tuberculosis and cancer have thus approached each other 56.5 per cent, and at this rate in fifteen years more the mortality from cancer will exceed that from tuberculosis!

Careful and prolonged studies of cancer patients, both in the earlier and later stages of the disease, as I have recorded elsewhere,[6] show that there are always departures from normal metabolism, as is shown by the condition of the blood, and in the excretion from the bowels, kidneys, and skin, and in the salivary and hepatic secretions, and possibly in those of the ductless glands. Time does not permit here of elaborating this subject, which has been done elsewhere, but it is evident that some combination of internal systemic disorders must be recognized as the basic cause of the complaint, although at the present time it is difficult to point to a single causative element, if, indeed, it will ever be discovered.

But a broad view of metabolism and nutrition recognizes that all cell changes, whether good or bad, depend on the character and composition of the blood furnished to the tissues, although little definite may be known concerning it. Thus, no one has demonstrated the single causative change in the blood in arteriosclerosis, gout, rickets, scorbutus, etc., but no one questions that it exists, and we direct our therapeutic measures accordingly, largely from experience.

The same is true in cancer. Most careful and prolonged study of the patient in every respect has shown a certain uniformity in regard to particular deviations from health, the correction of which has been followed by a complete disappearance of tumors classed as malignant, so that the connection must seem obvious to an unprejudiced mind. And yet it cannot be claimed that the exact, single cause of the cancerous growth has been demonstrated, and from the nature and character of the systemic disorders found, it is evident that there can never be any single remedy which can be rightly claimed as a cure for cancer.

But that cancer can be cured by medical means and without the knife is absolutely certain, as the experience of many testify, and as the writer has observed in so many cases during the past 30 and more years. Many of the instances in the hands of others have occurred unexpectedly, and without definite or careful study and record of the measures employed. But in some way the condition of the blood and system has become altered so that there has occurred a retrogressive process which resulted in the absorption of the tumor. I may say that this was the case in regard to the earlier patients in my own practise, when I observed that tumors of the breast, which had been diagnosed as cancer by surgeons, disappeared under dietetic and other measures given for some skin affection; later observation and study have crystallized my views and confirmed my methods of procedure, which I hope to make plain, as briefly as possible, lack of time to explain everything must make me a little dogmatic.

An absolutely vegetarian diet is the first requisite in the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, for, as mentioned, this has been found experimentally to inhibit, often to a remarkable degree, the production of artificially produced cancer in rats and mice, and experience throughout the world has shown cancer to be extremely rare in vegetarians. This diet, which should be maintained indefinitely, must be rigorous and absolutely vegetarian, excluding animal protein, even eggs and milk; butter is the only article allowed which does not grow, and of this one quarter of a pound is to be taken daily, by a person weighing 150 pounds. Cereals are to be freely employed, eaten slowly, with a fork, and with butter, and not with milk and sugar, though the latter may be used moderately, where it seems necessary and where it perfectly agrees with the patient.

Perfect mastication, with thorough insalivation, is very essential, and I insist on at least half an hour being taken for even the lightest meal. Coffee, chocolate, and cocoa are excluded from the diet, only weak tea being allowed, with some postum or other artificial substitute for coffee.

Alcohol in each and every form is absolutely excluded, as it always has a very harmful effect on cancer. Sufficient water, not iced, should be taken to answer to the needs of the system, and I commonly give half a pint with each meal, and half a pint, hot, one hour before both breakfast and the evening meal.

Cancer being a disease of advancing civilization, with all its temptations and errors in living, it is essential that the cancer subject lead a very simple and healthy life, with regular hours of eating and sleeping, with a reasonable amount of exercise, and the avoidance of everything which could disturb normal metabolism.

There is, of course, no single medicine which can cure cancer, but proper medication plays a very important part in overcoming the disease and should never be neglected or interrupted in any case; indeed, one suffering from or threatened with cancer should be under the most careful medical guidance indefinitely, and this is especially true after the surgical removal of the tumor, or local manifestation of the morbid process, as Abernethy so strongly asserted, nearly a hundred years ago.

Medical treatment lies mainly along the lines of elimination, which is always found to be faulty, both by the bowels and kidneys. My records of large numbers of private patients show that there is imperfect intestinal secretion, both in the very early stages and late in cancer, even before morphin is taken. Therefore I have long come to look upon intestinal auto-intoxication as a prime factor of causation, and lately Sir Arbuthnot Lane has spoken of cancer as a terminal result of intestinal stasis. This constipation, however, is not to be met with occasional purgatives, but by measures which will secure a good normal evacuation once or oftener daily. My principal reliance for this is cascara, in combination with other remedies, although I also very often give once a week, on alternate days, two good laxatives of blue mass, colocynth, and ipecac. Mineral waters, Russian oil, etc., are not desirable, and enemata are resorted to only in emergencies.

The kidney secretion in early and late cancer is always faulty. This does not refer to albumen and casts, or sugar, which are searched for but seldom found. But very careful and repeated volumetric analyses of its many normal ingredients reveal errors in its composition which are of significance and which serve as a guide in therapy. There is always a faulty nitrogenous partition, and in that of sulphur; indican is commonly in excess, often very greatly so, and the chlorids and phosphates and sulphates deranged. The urinary secretion will constantly be found to be extremely deficient, both as to the actual quantity passed in the 24 hours, and in its total solid contents, which are often hardly one half of that called for by the body weight of the patient; this I have verified by hundreds of analyses. As these errors are corrected by proper treatment there will be a coincident improvement in the vitality of the patient and in the tumor.

The remedy which I have largely relied on in these cases for many years is acetate of potassa, and it is interesting to note that Ross[7] of London claims that a cause of cancer is found in a disturbance in the mineral contents of the blood, and that there is a lack of potassa, and he gives as high as 90 grains of phosphate and carbonate of potassa in the day, with excellent results. I commonly give the acetate in combination with other remedies, thus ℞ Potass. acetatis ℥i, Tinct. Nuc. Vom. ℨiv, Ext. Cascara fld. ℨi-ℨiv, Extr. Rumicis radicis fld. ad ℥iv, M. Teaspoonful in water ½ hour before eating.

But in the long treatment necessary for these cases before the malignant growth has quite disappeared, and possibly for a good while afterward, there may be many remedies used with advantage to secure and maintain that healthy metabolism requisite to overcome the cancerous habit. Iron and arsenic, phosphates and strychnin, and even cod liver oil and many reconstructive remedies and measures may bear their share in overcoming this dire disease. Thyroid extract sometimes assists materially in removing the malgrowth, but must be given with caution, and in connection with other proper remedies; for sometimes it will promote catabolism and disintegrate the diseased tissue faster than the emunctories can remove the effete products, and these may poison the system.

It has been difficult in a single address to present such a vast subject, which is more or less new to many, in a clear and concise form, and I fear that I have trespassed too greatly on your patience, and have yet only imperfectly made matters clear. But I shall be satisfied if I have excited your interest sufficiently to cause you to investigate the medical aspects of cancer, in which lies the real problem of its prevention and cure. Surgery has been tried faithfully by many brilliant and honest men, some of whom now and then acknowledge the failure of the knife to arrest the steadily increasing mortality from the disease, which is now about 90 per cent of all those once attacked.

But I fully realize that there is danger in my strenuous advocacy of other lines of treatment, lest these should not be fully and perfectly carried out, with such intelligence, patience, and persistence, on the part of the physician and patient as is requisite to accomplish the end desired. For I must say that it is extremely tedious and tiresome to care minutely for these patients, who should be seen at least weekly, and even for months or years, with careful and accurate records, innumerable urinary and blood analyses, etc., etc.

On the other hand, however, we have the alternatives of leaving the patient to suffer and die, or to submit to a surgical operation with the expectation of recurrence in a considerable proportion of cases, attended often with greater suffering and final death.

My experience with the disease for forty years or more in private practise, and for the last few years in my medical clinic for cancer, in the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital, and in the wards of the hospital, have so fully convinced me of the correctness of the views I have stated here and elsewhere that I cannot too strongly beg you to give them due consideration, and not simply to class them with the various passing claims and suggestions regarding cancer, which have so often proved illusory. For along the lines which I have presented lies the real cancer problem, as I can demonstrate by many cases more or less similar to those detailed in my little book.

INDEX

Acidity of saliva in cancer, 44, 146, 164, 199, 213, 221

Activity, increased surgical, not the solution of cancer problem, 242

Age as related to cancer, 50

Agnew on surgery in cancer, 93

Alcohol harmful in cancer, 157

Alkalescence of the blood in cancer, 132

Amino-acid nitrogen, increased in cancer, 42

Anabolism, 62

Anemia of cancer, 130

Appetite and taste, 63

Approach of death rate of cancer and tuberculosis, 87, 259

Argentine Republic, cancer in, 69

Australia, meat eating and cancer in, 70

Austria, cancer mortality in, 85

Bashford and Murray, 75

Basic cause of cancer, 147

Biopsy, danger of, in cancer, 123

Blindness as to results of surgery in cancer, 139, 240, 243

Blood in cancer, 131, 134, 137, 219, 235

Bones, cancer of, 130

Bovee on cancer of the uterus, 104

Breast, cancer of the, 97, 197
cancer mortality, 82
frequency of cancer in, 49

Butter, caloric value of, 166
value of, in cancer, 166, 263

Byrne, on cancer of the uterus, 102, 104

California, cancer mortality in, 79

Calories, daily amount of, in menu, 163

Cancer, anemia, 130
and civilization, 57, 72, 83
and dietary and medical treatment, results in, 188, 200‒237
and meat eating, 68‒71, 149

Cancer, and nitrogenous matter, 37, 150
and rice eating, 168
and tuberculosis, approach of death rate of, 87, 241, 259
comparative death rates of, 241
basic cause of, 147, 261
blindness as to results of surgery in, 139, 240
blood in, 131
cases, personal, 196
conception of hitherto wrong, 240
daily amount of calories in, 163
diet for, 157
dietetic and medical treatment of, 144
disappearing under general medical treatment, 175, 200‒237
en cuirasse, 131
hemoglobin in, 134, 219
houses, 59
inoperable, benefited by medical treatment, 209, 217
medical treatment of, patience necessary in, 170
mortality, chart showing, 87
increased, since educational propaganda, 78, 88, 242
not a local disease, 67
of bones, 130
of the breast, 49, 97, 197
of the gall bladder, 106
of the lip, 95
of the liver, 129
of the lungs, 130
of the mouth, 95
of the rectum, 106
of the skin, 130
of the stomach, 105
of the tongue, 95
of the uterus, 102
cured by medical treatment, 200‒237
vegetarian diet in, 224, 228
patients, directions for, 155
primary, removed by medical treatment, 200, 208
problem, not settled yet, 143
not solved by greater surgical activity, 242
the real, 149, 239
recurrent, 119
and medical treatment, 208
benefited by medical treatment, 209, 211, 214
red blood cells in, 134, 137, 219
relation of climate to, 58
research, negative results of, 248
positive results of, 250
saliva acid in, 44, 146, 199, 213, 221
specialists, 155
the real problem of, 239
tissue, a product of systemic changes, 142, 244
urinary excretion imperfect in, 173, 146, 218
urinary solids deficient in, 39, 172
urine deficient in, 146, 173, 218, 221
weight of patients in, 219, 226, 235
white blood corpuscles in, 219
wrong conception of, 240

Carcinoma cases, personal, 196

Carcinoma or epithelioma, 194, 195

Carcinosis, 130, 136

Catabolism, 62

Cause, basic, of cancer, 147, 261

Cereals, how cooked and eaten, 162, 164

Chalfant on cancer of the uterus, 105

Chart showing mortality of cancer, 87

Chewing, importance of, in cancer, 164

Chimney sweeper’s cancer, 53

Chocolate harmful in cancer, 157

Cities, cancer mortality in, 79

Civilization, and cancer, 83
cancer a disease of, 57, 72, 83

Climate, relation of, to cancer, 58

Clinic, medical, for cancer, 153

Clinical and statistical studies, results of, 254

Codeia, harm from, in cancer, 136

Coe, H. C., on breast cancer, 98

Coffee harmful in cancer, 157

Comparative death rates of cancer and tuberculosis, 87, 241

Conception of cancer hitherto wrong, 240

Conclusions, 139, 269

Confidence of patient to be secured, 170

Constipation very common in cancer, 173

Contagion of cancer, 21

Cure of cancer, time of, 124

Currier on cancer of the uterus, 103

Cutaneous epithelioma, excluded, 94, 192

Danger from excising specimens for diagnosis, 123
from nitrate of silver in epithelioma, 193
from thyroid extract in cancer, 212, 269
of imperfected medical treatment, 270
of spreading cancer, 122

Death rate of cancer and tuberculosis compared, 87, 241, 259

Deaths from cancer in New York City, 80

Deficiency of urine in cancer, 146, 173, 218, 221

Definition of cancer, 20, 47

Denmark, cancer mortality in, 85

Diabetes, relation of, to cancer, 147

Diet and cancer, 55
for cancer patients and prophylaxis, 157
relation of, to cancer, 61

Dietary card for cancer patients, 154

Dietetic and medical treatment of cancer, 144
duration of, 151
results from, 188
in sarcoma, 231

Difficulty in carrying out medical treatment, 114, 152, 186

Directions for cancer patients, 155

Duration of dietary and medical treatment, 151
of observation affecting cancer statistics, 92

Educational propaganda increasing cancer mortality, 78, 88, 242

“Embryonic rests” in cancer, 20

End results of cancer cases, 108, 112

England, increase of cancer in, with increased meat eating, 69

England and Wales, cancer mortality in, 83

Engleman on cancer of the uterus, 104

Epithelioma, 192
of the skin,
excluded from present study, 192
statistics of, 94
or carcinoma, 194
warning against use of nitrate of silver in, 193

Error as to non-increase of cancer mortality, 74

Erythrocytes in cancer, 134, 137, 219

Exact diet for cancer, 157

Exercise, relation of, to cancer, 56

Females, relative frequency of cancer in, 49, 50

Fletcherizing, importance of, in cancer, 164

Food, relation of, to cancer, 60, 149, 152

France, cancer mortality in, 85

Fredrick on cancer of the uterus, 103

Frequency of cancer in males and females, 49

Friedenwald on cancer of the stomach, 106

Gall bladder, cancer of, 106

German Empire, cancer mortality in, 85

Good health and cancer, 35

Handley permeation theory, 126

Hartwell on breast cancer, 100

Hemoglobin in cancer, 134, 219
in sarcoma, 235

Henrotin on cancer of the uterus, 103

Heredity and cancer, 21

Hertzler on cancer of the lip, 95

Heurtaux on breast cancer, 99

Hildebrand on breast cancer, 97, 101

Hoffman on mortality from cancer throughout the world, 76
on real increase of cancer, 86

Holland, cancer mortality in, 85

Hormone of cancerous tissue, 133

Hungary, cancer mortality in, 85

Imperfect medical treatment, danger of, 270

Importance of plasma of blood, 132
of proper mastication in cancer, 164

Increase of cancer in England, 68
in cancer mortality, 74
in the United States, 77
throughout world, 76

Inoperable cancer, 113
benefited by medical treatment, 209, 217

Intestinal elimination, faulty in cancer, 43, 173
relation of, to cancer, 43

Ireland, cancer mortality in, 85

Iron, value of, in cancer, 182

Italy, cancer mortality in, 85
meat eating and cancer in, 71

Kentucky, cancer mortality in, 81

King and Newsholme, 75

Klein on cancer of the uterus, 103

Leucocytes in cancer, 134, 219, 235

Levin on breast cancer, 98

Limit of time of cure of cancer, 125

Lip, cancer of, statistics, 95

Liver, cancer of, 129

Locality, relation of, to cancer, 58

Lubhardy on breast cancer, 97

Lungs, cancer of, 130

Lymphatic system and cancer, 128

Lymphocytes in cancer, 135

Maine, cancer mortality in, 79, 81

Males, relative frequency of cancer in, 49, 50

Malignant disease, personal statistics of, 191

Massachusetts, cancer mortality in, 79

Masticating, importance of, in cancer, 164

Mayo on cancer of the breast, 97
on cancer of the rectum, 106
on cancer of the stomach, 105, 106

Meat eating and cancer, 69, 149

Medical and dietetic treatment, of cancer, 144
results from, 188, 200‒237
of sarcoma, 231

Medical clinic for cancer, 153

Medicinal treatment of cancer, 169, 175
imperfect, danger of, 270
patience and perseverance needed in, 170
in inoperable cancer, 209, 217
in recurrent cancer, 209, 211, 214

Menu for treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, 157

Metabolism and cancer, 34, 62

Metastases, 126
by inoculation, 127
mode of occurrence of, 126

Meyer, Willy, on breast cancer, 100

Mode of life and cancer, 60

Modes of development of recurrent cancer, 121

Montana, cancer mortality in, 81

Morphia, harm from, in cancer, 136

Morphine less often needed under dietetic and medical treatment, 174

Mortality from cancer, 74
about 90 per cent, 143
chart of, 87
in cities, 79
in different States, 79
increased since educational propaganda, 78, 88, 242

Mouth, cancer of, 95

Mundé on cancer of the uterus, 104

Murphy on end result of operations on breast cancer, 97

Negative results of cancer laboratory research, 248

New Hampshire, cancer mortality in, 79

New York Board of Health and cancer diagnosis, 123

New York City, cancer death rate in, 80

New Zealand, meat eating and cancer in, 69

Nitrate of silver, warning against, in epithelioma, 193

Nitrogenous matter, relation of, to cancer, 37, 150
metabolism and cancer, 65
partition, imperfect, in cancer, 37, 42

Norway, cancer mortality in, 82, 85

Nuts, protein content of, 72

Obesity, cancer with, 33, 55, 97

Occupation, and cancer, 51

Optimism of physician necessary, 170

Origin of cancer, 119, 147

Oxyproteic acid, relation of, to cancer, 42

Paget’s disease, 97

Parasites and cancer, 21

Patience and perseverance necessary in medical treatment of cancer, 170

Permanent cure of breast cancer, 97

Permeation theory of Handley, 126

Perseverance necessary in medical treatment of cancer, 170

Personal carcinoma cases, 196
sarcoma cases, 196

Phosphorus, value of, in cancer, 183

Plasma of blood, importance of, 132

Polak on cancer of the uterus, 105

Polk on cancer of the uterus, 104

Polynuclears, activity of, in cancer, 137

Positive results of cancer laboratory research, 250

Potassium, value of, in cancer, 138

Precancerous lesions, 94

Primary cancer removed by medical treatment, 200‒208

Problem, cancer, not solved by greater surgical activity, 143, 242
the real, 239

Product of systemic changes, cancer tissue a, 142, 244

Propaganda, educational, increasing cancer mortality, 88, 242

Prophylaxis of cancer, 144, 167

Protein and cancer, 37, 64
content of certain vegetables and nuts, 72

Quack claims of cure of cancer, 118

Race, relation of, to cancer, 56

Real cancer problem, 149, 239

Reasons for adherence to surgical treatment of cancer, 140
for inoperability of cancer, 116

Rectum, cancer of, 106

Recurrence of cancer, time of, 124

Recurrent cancer, 119
and medical treatment, 208
benefited by medical treatment, 209, 211, 214
of rectum, 107

Red blood cells in cancer, 134, 137, 219
in sarcoma, 235

Reinecke on cancer of the uterus, 103

Research, cancer, negative results of, 248
positive results of, 250

Results of clinical and statistical studies, 254
of dietary and medical treatment, 188, 200‒237

Rheumatism and cancer, 33

Rice, relation of, to cancer, 168

Ross, Forbes, on cancer, 136
on potassium in cancer, 176, 179

Salivary secretion, acid, in cancer, 44, 146, 164, 199, 213, 221

Sarcoma, and medical treatment, 231

Sarcoma cases, personal, 196, 230
cured by dietary and medical treatment, 189, 236

Segond on cancer of the uterus, 104

Sex, relation of, to frequency of cancer, 49

Skin, cancer of the, 130
excluded from the present study, 192
statistics of, 94

Smith, Lapthorne, on cancer of the uterus, 104

Solids, urinary, in cancer, 39, 172

Stage of disease affecting cancer statistics, 90

Statistical and clinical studies, results of, 254

Statistics of cancer, affected by duration of observation, 92
affected by stage of disease, 92
surgical, 74

Statistics, elements affecting, 89
personal, of malignant disease, 191, 196

Stomach, cancer of, 105
frequency of, 50
mortality of, 82, 106

Stools, importance of inspecting, 184

Sulphur partition, imperfect, in cancer, 43

Summary, 239

Surgery in cancer, blindness as to end results of, 139, 240, 243

Surgical activity, greater, not the solution of cancer problem, 242

Surgical statistics of cancer, 74

Systemic changes, causal relationship of, to cancer, 142, 244

Taste, gratification of, 63

Thyroid extract, danger from, in cancer, 212, 269

Time of recurrence of cancer, 124

Tongue, cancer of the, 95

Touching up epithelioma with nitrate of silver dangerous, 193

Trauma of lymphatics, increasing cancer, 45

Traumatism and cancer, 21

Treatment of cancer, dietetic and medical, 144

Tuberculosis and cancer, comparative death rates of, 87, 241, 259

Tuberculosis, decline of mortality of, 87
lessons to be learned from, 241

Tuttle on cancer of rectum, 106

United States, cancer statistics in, 77, 87

United States, meat eating and cancer in, 69

Uric acid and cancer, 37, 201

Urinary acidity in cancer, 41

Urinary solids deficient in cancer, 39, 172

Urine, in cancer, 37
deficient, 146, 173, 218, 221
volumetric analysis of, guiding treatment, 172

Utah, cancer mortality in, 79

Uterus, cancer of the, 102
cured by medical treatment, 222, 228
frequency of, 49
mortality in, 82
vegetarian diet in, 224, 228

Van de Warker on cancer of the uterus, 104

Variety of medical treatment necessary, 151

Vegetable soup, how made, 162, 165

Vegetables, protein content of, 72

Vegetarian diet, arresting inoculated cancer, 253
for cancer, 153
in cancer of the uterus, 224, 228

Vegetarians and cancer, 71

Vermont, cancer mortality in, 79, 81

Vitamines and cancer, 165

Volumetric analysis of the urine, 172

Warning as to nitrate of silver in epithelioma, 193

Waste in preparation of certain foods, 165

Water, how taken in cancer, 161

Weight of cancer patients, 219, 226, 235

Wertheim on cancer of the uterus, 102

White blood cells in cancer, 134, 219
in sarcoma, 235

World statistics of cancer, 76

Wrong conception of cancer, 240

X-ray causing cancer, 52

-----

Footnote 1:

“Cancer, Its Cause and Treatment,” Hoeber, 1915.

Footnote 2:

This address, which has been delivered before several medical
societies, is added as giving a summary of the subject elaborated in
the first volume and this one. It presents the argument more concisely
and definitely than occurs in any single lecture, and may thus aid in
properly understanding the whole matter.

Footnote 3:

This chart appears opposite page 87.

Footnote 4:

Bulkley: _New York State Medical Journal_, 1916.

Footnote 5:

Bulkley: “Cancer, Its Cause and Treatment,” Hoeber, 1915.

Footnote 6:

Bulkley: “Cancer in Relation to Body Elimination,” _New York Med.
Jour._, July 3, 1915.

Footnote 7:

Ross: “Cancer, Its Genesis and Treatment.” London, 1912, p. 88.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained anachronistic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.