Cassell's History of England, Vol. 2 (of 8)

Chapter XX: THE REIGN OF CHARLES I. (continued) (6)

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Laud, 464;
Bishop of Bath and Wells, 523;
chief ecclesiastical adviser, 537;
Bishop of London, 538;
"Thorough," 543;
offered Cardinal's hat by Pope, 548;
Arminian controversy, 549;
visits Scotland with Charles, erects Edinburgh into a bishopric,
Primate of England, relations with Papal see, 551;
ecclesiastical measures, 552;
Lord High Treasurer, 554;
cruel treatment of Prynne, Bastwick, Burton, Lilburne, and Williams,
Bishop of Lincoln, 556;
admonishes Wentworth, 564;
counsels peaceful measure in Scotland, 574;
publishes new canons, 584;
Lambeth Palace attacked by mob, 586;
impeachment demanded by Commons, 591.

Learning, Revival of, 359.

Leicester, Earl of, scandal, 259;
supports scheme for marriage of Mary Stuart to Duke of Norfolk, 280;
expedition to Netherlands, 306;
commands forces at Tilbury, proposed honours, death, 324;
(_See_ also Dudley, Robert.)

Lenthall, Speaker of Long Parliament, 590.

Leslie, General, surprises Edinburgh, 574;
Dunse Hill, 576;
crosses the Tweed, 587;
ennobled by Charles, 607.

"Levellers," The, 435.

Lilburne, sentence of Star Chamber, 556.

Lincoln Stoke, Battle of, 81.

Literature and science, 16th century, 358.

Long Parliament, The, 590;
temper of the new House, awards compensation to Prynne, Burton,
and Bastwick, demands impeachment of Laud, 591;
impeachment of Strafford, 593;
reforms demanded, "root and branch" petition, 594;
trial of Strafford, 595;
Pym's indictment, 596;
passes Bill of Attainder, 600;
intervention of Charles, 601;
Star Chamber and High Commission Court abolished, 606.

Lovel, Lord, 78.

Ludiford, Battle of, 11.

Luther, Martin, 145.

"Main" Plot, The, 408.

Maintenance, Act of, 82.

Maitland of Lethington, Secretary of State to Mary Stuart, 255;
conspiracy against Rizzio, flees, reinstated, 266;
scheme for marriage of Mary Stuart with Norfolk, 280;
betrayed by Murray, 281.

"Malevolences," 60.

Mar, Earl of, hostilities with Earl of Huntley and the Gordons, 256;
exchanges his title for Earl of Murray, 256.

March, Edward, Earl of, declared king by Great Council of Yorkists, 16.
(_See_ also Edward IV.)

Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., queen's party, 4;
machinations against York, 8;
flees with son to Scotland, 13;
gains victory at Wakefield, 15;
struggle with Edward IV., 17;
her efforts to regain the throne, 19;
sails for England, 20;
defeat at Hexham, 21;
flees to Scotland with Prince Edward, 22;
reconciliation with Warwick, 29;
Battle of Tewkesbury ransomed by Louis, retires to Castle of
Reculé, 36.

"Martin Marprelate," 325.

Mary, Princess, treatment by Warwick's party, interposition of
Charles V., 216;
claims the crown from the Privy Council, 221;
rising in her favour, 222;
Council in Northumberland's absence declares for Mary, 223.
(_See_ also Mary, Queen.)

Mary, Queen, triumphal entry into London, appeals to Charles V.
for guidance, 223;
her clemency, 224;
Papal See, 225;
restoration of Roman Church, 227;
persecution of the reformed clergy, 226;
opposition of Council and Protestant party, 227;
terms of marriage treaty, 228;
insurrections, 228;
Elizabeth, 234;
Mary's marriage with Philip, repeal of penal statutes against
Catholics, 235;
persecution of Protestants, 236;
false report of birth of a prince, 238;
Philip's departure, 241;
conspiracy to place Elizabeth on throne, 242;
conspiracy under Stafford, 243;
war against France, 243;
loss of Calais, 244;
death, character, 246.

Mary Queen of Scots, marries Dauphin, 250;
death of Francis II., 254;
returns to Scotland, person and character, 255;
marries Darnley, 262;
asserts her prerogative as queen, connection with Rizzio, 263;
birth of James, 266;
murder of Darnley, 269;
her unpopularity, 270;
seizure by Bothwell and marriage, insurrection of nobles, 271;
captured, 272;
imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, resigns throne in favour of
James, 273;
flight to England, 274;
conference at York, 275;
at Westminster, 276;
removed by Elizabeth from Scottish border, Act against her, 304;
Babington's plot, 306;
trial, 308;
hesitation of Elizabeth, 310;
execution, 311.

Mechlin, League of, 106.

Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands Spanish Armada, 319.

Melville, Andrew, succeeds Knox, refuses to conform, committed to
Tower, dies in banishment at Sedan, 462.

Mercantile Marine, 16th century, 394.

Merchant Adventurers of London, The, 395.

Monteagle, Lord, 114.

Montrose, Marquis of, joins Leslie at Dunse Hill, 576;
won over to Royal party, 578;
arrested, 606.

More, Sir Thomas, Speaker House of Commons, 134;
question of Henry's divorce submitted to him, 147;
Lord Chancellor, 154;
beheaded, 163;
his "Utopia," 362.

Mortimer's Cross, Battle of, 16.

Morton, Archbishop, 78.

Morton, Regent of Scotland, ordered to resign, regains power, 299;
charged with murder of Darnley, intercession of Elizabeth, 300;
trial and execution, 301.

Mountjoy, Lord-Deputy of Ireland, 338.

Murray, Earl of, threatened forfeiture, 263;
Bothwell, 267;
retires to France, 270;
Regent, 273;
Commission of Inquiry on Mary Stuart, 275;
entrapped by Cecil, 277;
party to scheme for marriage of Mary Stuart with Duke of
Norfolk, 280;
betrays Maitland, 281;
negotiations with Elizabeth for surrender of Mary, 283;
assassinated, 284.

Music of the 16th century, 378.

"My Lord of Misrule," Stubbs quoted, 399.

Nantes, Edict of, 331.

Navy office, founded by Henry VIII., 394.

Navy, The Royal, 16th century, 393.

Netherlands, Protestant revolt, 279;
Elizabeth's aid to, 292.

Nonconformists, The, 356.

Norfolk, Duke of, president of the council, 154;
condemned for treason, 203;
miraculous escape, 204.

Norfolk, Duke of, a commissioner to try Mary Stuart, 275;
secret design to marry Mary, 276;
hostility to Cecil, 278;
displeasure of Elizabeth, 280;
tried for treason, 288;
executed, 289.

Northampton, Battle of, 13.

Northumberland, Duke of, Dudley, disgraceful peace with France, 216;
avarice, 219;
scheme for changing the succession, 220;
insurrection in favour of Mary, 222;
trial with chief associates on the council, beheaded, 224.
(_See_ also Warwick, Dudley, Earl of.)

"Novum Organum," The, 378.

Noye, Attorney General, proposes ship-money, 557;
death, 558.

O'Neill, created Earl of Tyrone, 189.

Overbury, Sir Thomas, connection and influence with Carr, 448;
committed to Tower, 449;
death, 451.

Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, 248.

Parma, Prince of, opposes army under Leicester, 306;
private mission from Elizabeth, 313;
preparations to invade England, 315.

Parr, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII., her Protestant sympathies, 195;
her narrow escape, 202;
marries privately Baron Seymour, 208;
death, 209.

Pavia, Battle of, 140.

Petition of Right, 531, 534.

Philip of Spain, marries Mary, his unpopularity, 235;
Act constituting him Regent, 236;
succeeds Charles V., 241;
quits England, revisits it to urge war against France, 242;
incursions of English ships on Spanish Main, 313;
makes preparation to invade England, 313;
dispersion of his Armada, 323;
death, 332.

Pilgrimage of Grace, The, 171.

Poets, Tudor Period, 366.

Pinkie, Battle of, 206.

Plagues in London, 96, 259, 406.

Pole, Cardinal, 175;
Papal legate to Queen Mary, 225;
addresses Parliament and grants Papal absolution, 235;
endeavours to check persecutions, 238;
Primate, 240;
opposes war with France, 242.

Poor Law Act, 43, 403.

Presbyterians, persecution of, 279;
conference with, 414;
their resistance, 419;
James I. and, 460.

Printing, Origin and progress of, 65.

Prose Writers, Elizabethan, 362.

Prynne, William, barrister, writes "Histriomastix," indicted
by Laud, cruel sentence on, 554;
publishes "News from Ipswich," increased severity of sentence,
popular demonstrations of sympathy, 555;
awarded compensation by Long Parliament, 591.

Puritans, The, 355.

Pym, John, speech at opening of Short Parliament, 582;
opens case against Strafford, 596.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, serves in Grey's army, 296;
Armada, 316;
sails under Lord Howard in Spanish expedition, quarrel
with Essex, 330;
monopolies, 338;
Cecil's animosity, the "Bye" conspiracy, 409;
trial, committed to Tower, 411;
life in Tower, writes "History of the World," 471;
voyages, 474;
return and arrest, 475;
Gondamar, 476;
attempted escape, betrayed by Stukeley, trial, executed on old
charge of treason, 478.

Reformation in England, events in, 163, 174,
186, 207, 215, 236, 247, 356.

Reformation in Scotland, 356.

"Requests," The, 2.

Reynolds, Dr., Puritan delegate at Hampton
Court. Conference, 414.

Richard III., coronation repeated at York, 53;
murder of princes in the Tower, 54;
counter movement to Richmond's plot, 56;
proclaims Duke of Buckingham and others, 56;
Parliament proclaims him king and entails Crown on issue;
wholesale attainders, 58;
designs on Queen Dowager, 59;
armistice with Scottish king, 60;
death of Anne of Warwick, proposes to marry Elizabeth of York,
public execration, 60;
defection of adherents, 62;
battle of Bosworth, and death, 63;
buried at Grey Friars Church, 64.
(_See_ also Gloucester.)

Richmond, Earl of, at court of Duke of Brittany, 53;
risings in his favour, 57;
descent, 58;
raises army in France, 60;
lands at Milford Haven, 62;
conquers at Bosworth, 63;
enters Leicester in state as Henry VII.
(_See_ Henry VII.)

Ridolfi Plot, The, 287.

Ridley, Bishop of London, 216;
sent to Tower, 227;
tried at Oxford and burnt, 238.

Rivers, Lord, rival to Clarence for Mary of Burgundy, 41;
welcomes Gloucester at Northampton, 47;
executed at Pontefract Castle, 50;
patron of learning, 66.

Rizzio, 263;
his murder, 264.

Robsart, Amy, 259.

Rochester, Viscount, further honours, Lord Chamberlain, 449;
marriage with divorced wife of Essex, 451.
(_See_ also Somerset, Earl of.)

Rogers, John, Prebendary of St. Paul's, burnt at Smithfield, 236.

"Root and Branch" Petition, 594.

Roses, War of, origin of rival badges, 18.

Russell, Sir John, first historical notice of the Russells, 137;
created Lord Russell, Duke of Bedford, 173.

Scotland, Berwick ceded, 19;
attacked by Edward IV., 44;
Warbeck at court, 88;
war with England, 89;
invasion by Henry VII., 90;
inroads on England, 91;
faction rule, 119;
Albany and Henry VIII., 131;
Papist party, 189;
war with England, 206;
first covenant, 251;
treaty with England, 254;
Mary's reign, 299;
James VI. and Presbyterians, 460;
introduction of Episcopacy, 565;
the Tables, 566;
civil war, 574;
march into England, 587;
Charles in Edinburgh, 607.

Scottish poets, 16th century, 375.

Scottish coins, 393.

Selden, Sir John, 488;
opposes Arminian doctrine, 538;
imprisoned, 542.

Seton, Lord, 192.

Seymour, Edward, created Lord Beauchamp, and Earl of Hertford, 173.

Seymour, Jane, 164;
marries Henry VIII., 169;
birth of son, and death, 172.

Seymour, Sir Thomas, created Baron Seymour of Sudeley and Lord High
Admiral, 205;
private marriage with Queen Dowager, 208;
seeks hand of Elizabeth, 209;
attainted and executed, 210.

Shakespeare, 358;
his works, 373-4.

Ship money, 557;
protests against writs, sanction of judges, 558;
Richard Chambers and John Hampden resist payment, 558;
Hampden's case tried in Court of Exchequer, 559;
judgment against him, 560.

Ships, 15th century, 75;
16th century, 393.

Short Parliament, The, its members, numerous petitions, speech of
Pym, Star Chamber and Queen's Bench, 583;
conflict with Charles over supply, 584.

Sidney, Sir Philip, falls at Zutphen, 306;
"Arcadia," 364.

Simnel, Lambert, 79.

Six Articles, The statute of, 175.

Solemn League and Covenant, 567.

Solway Moss, Battle of, 191.

Somerset, Duke of, 5;
attainted by Commons, challenge to York, 6;
committed by Parliament to Tower, reinstated, 7;
joins Queen Margaret at York, commands at Wakefield, 15;
at Towton, 18;
attainted second time, unsuccessful embassage for Margaret
to Louis XI., 19;
death, 22.

Somerset, Duke of, lack of statesmanship, reform in the Church,
ecclesiastical commission, the "Royal injunctions," 207;
his avarice, Somerset House, defection of council, 214;
disgrace, 215;
trial and execution, 218.

Somerset, Earl of, 451;
changed manner, supplanted by Villiers, 454;
charge of poisoning Sir Thomas Overbury, 455;
condemned, pardoned by king, 548.
(_See_ also Rochester.)

Spain, treaty with England, 106;
hostilities against England, 315;
capture of Cadiz, 329;
descent on Ireland, 338;
intrigues against England, 407;
Spanish match, 490;
treaty with Charles I., 557.

Spenser, Edmund, poet, serves in army of Lord Grey, 296;
receives forfeited Irish estate, 297;
"Faerie Queen," 371.

"Sports, Book of," The, 464.

Spurs, Battle of, 110.

St. Albans, Battle of, 8;
second battle, 16.

Stanley, Lord, 49;
imprisoned in Tower by Gloucester, 50;
constable of England, 52;
secret treaty with Elizabeth of York, deserts Richard at
Bosworth, 63;
places crown on Henry's head, 64.

Star Chamber, the, Origin of, 82;
why named, 346;
abuse of, 453;
abolition of, 606.

St. Bartholomew, Massacre of, 289.

St. Quentin, Battle of, 243.

Strafford, Earl of, public indignation against, 586;
Lieutenant General of the army, 592;
impeachment, 593;
trial, 595;
reply to indictment, 597;
letter to king, 604;
execution, 606.
(_See_ also Wentworth.)

Stuart, Lady Arabella, history, marriage with Seymour, 442;
Seymour sent to Tower, stolen interviews, flight and capture,
lodged in Tower, 443;
insanity, death, 444.

Stuart, Lord James, half-brother to Mary Queen of Scots, Prior of
St. Andrews, his treachery, 254;
chief minister, 255.
(_See_ Mar, Earl of.)

Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, 114;
marries Mary, widow of Louis of France, 116;
commands English troops, 137;
Lord Marshal, 154;
sent to suppress Catholic insurrections, 170;
receives Catherine Howard's confession, 185.

Suffolk, Duke of, father of Lady Jane Grey, 222;
his rebellion, 228;
beheaded, 231.

Sully, Duke of, Envoy Extraordinary to James I., bribes courtiers
and makes treaty with James, 407.

Sunday Sports, Petition of magistrates against, declaration of
Charles, 553.

Supremacy, Act of, 248.

Tewkesbury, Battle of, 35.

Thirty Years War, 479.

Throgmorton, Sir Nicholas, tried for treason and acquitted, 232.

Throgmorton, Thomas, plots against queen, hanged, 303.

Towton, Battle of, 18.

Trinity House, Corporation of, 394.

Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, 16.

Tudor, Owen, ancestor of Tudor line, beheaded at Hereford, 16.

Tyrone, Hugh, Earl of, rebellion of, 333.

Uniformity, Act of, 248.

Uses, Statute of, 347.

Usury, Laws against, 395.

Vane, Sir Henry, sent by Charles to Commons, 584;
at Strafford's trial, 598.

Vauclerc, Lieutenant of Calais, 28.

Verulam, Baron, 470;
trial of Raleigh, 477;
Viscount St. Albans, his genius, impeachment, 483;
retires to Gorhambury, 484;
death, 485.
(_See_ also Bacon, Sir Francis.)

Villiers, George, 454.
(_See_ also Buckingham, Duke of.)

Wakefield, Battle of, 15.

Wales incorporated with England, 187.

Warbeck, Perkin, origin, 85;
adventures in France, Ireland, and Burgundy, 86;
in Scotland, marries Lady Gordon, 88;
lands at Cork, 91;
in Cornwall, 92;
defeated, takes sanctuary in monastery of Beaulieu, at the
Royal Court, 94;
escapes to Sheen Priory, placed in stocks in London, and
imprisoned in Tower, 94;
plots with Warwick, hanged at Tyburn, 95.

Warwick, Earl of, battle of St. Albans, 7;
Governor of Calais, 8;
retires to Calais, 9;
attacks fleet of Lübeck merchantmen in Channel, 10;
Attainted, 11;
lands in Kent with Cospini the Pope's legate, Northampton, 12;
defeated at St. Albans, 16;
at Ferrybridge, and Towton, commands the North, 18;
Ambassador at the Scottish Court, 19;
Ambassador to France for Bona of Savoy, 23;
his chagrin at marriage of Edward to Elizabeth Woodville, 23;
visits France to negotiate marriage of Margaret the king's sister
with son of Louis XI. of France, 24;
indignation at rejection of the proposed alliance, accused of
secret partisanship with Lancastrians, restored to royal
favour, 25;
retires to Calais, 26;
takes the king prisoner at Olney, defeats Lancastrian insurgents
under Sir Humphrey Neville, 27;
meets Edward at the Moor, flees to Calais after failure of
insurrection of Sir Robert Wells, 28;
received by Louis XI., alliance with the Lancastrian party and
Queen Margaret, 29;
Anne, his daughter, married to the Prince of Wales, 30;
proclaims Henry king, 30;
summons Parliament, 31;
battle of Barnet and death, 34.

Warwick, son of Duke of Clarence, heir apparent of York, imprisoned
in the Tower, 76;
exhibited to the people as the real earl by Henry VII., plot with
Warbeck, 95;
tried and beheaded, 96.

Warwick, Dudley, Earl of, rivalry with Somerset, 214;
ungenerous conduct of party to Princess Mary, 216;
warden of the Scottish Marches, 216.

Wentworth, arbitrary action in Ireland, 554;
Lord President of the North, 560;
dishonourable treatment of Irish Parliament and Convocation, 562;
inquiry into Irish titles, 563;
Mountnorris, 565;
recalled from Ireland to advise Charles, 581;
returns as Earl of Strafford and Lord Lieutenant, 582.
(_See_ also Strafford, Earl of.)

William the Silent, assassination of, 294.

Williams, Bishop, Lord Chancellor, 486.

Wishart, George, Scottish Reformer, 198;
burnt, 199.

Wolsey, Cardinal, receives bishopric of Tournay, 110;
Bishop of Lincoln, 114;
origin and rise, 116;
Archbishop of York, 117;
Cardinal, Papal Legate, and Chancellor, favours learning and the
arts, 118;
conduct of foreign affairs, 122;
power and magnificence, 126;
conference with the emperor, 127;
candidature for the Papacy, 128;
forced loans for king, 130;
disappointed of Popedom a second time, legatine and increased
powers granted for life by Clement VII., suppresses
monasteries, 138;
unpopularity, 142;
treaty with French envoys, 143;
seeks to dissuade Henry from marriage with Anne Boleyn, 147;
joined in Commission with Papal legate to try divorce, 148;
fall of, 153;
death, 154.

Woodvilles, The, their unpopularity, and aggrandisement of the
family, 24;
their influence, 46.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas, revolt under, 229.

York, Battle of, 26.

York, Archbishop of, Edward Neville, peacemaker between Woodvilles
and Nevilles, 25;
invites king to the Moor to meet Warwick and Duke of Clarence, 28;
confirmed in Chancellorship by Warwick, 31.

York, Richard, Duke of, lineal descent, 4;
in Ireland, 5;
proposed as successor to Crown, Protector, rupture with king,
battle of St. Albans, 7;
Protector again, resigns, 8;
Council of Coventry, 9;
Conference in London, 10;
attainted, 11;
claims the Crown at Westminster, 14;
slain at Wakefield, 15.

Zutphen, Battle of, 306.

PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.

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Cassell's History of England, Vol. 2 (of 8)Chapter XX: THE REIGN OF CHARLES I. (continued) (6)

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