Chapter IV: The Cervidæ, or Antlered Ruminants

THE ELK, ELAPHINE, SUB-ELAPHINE, AND RUSINE DEER.

The Deer Tribe--Distinguishing Characters--Exceptions to
the rule--The Musk (Deer) and Chinese Water Deer--Other
Characters of the Cervidæ--Antlers, their Nature,
Growth, and Shedding--The Knob--“Velvet”--Getting rid
of the “Velvet”--Full equipment--Contests--Interlocking
Antlers--Distribution--Classification--Development
of Antlers in the Common RED DEER--Explanation of
the various stages--Splendid “Heads”--Simple and
Complex Antlers--Types of Antlers--THE ELK, OR MOOSE
DEER--Appearance--Antlers--Habits--Hunting--THE ELAPHINE
DEER--THE RED DEER--Distribution--Appearance--Hunting--THE
WAPITI--Acting of the Fawns--THE PERSIAN DEER, OR
MARAL--THE CASHMERIAN DEER, OR BARASINGHA--Habits and
General Appearance--BARBARY DEER--SUB-ELAPHINE DEER--THE
JAPANESE, FORMOSAN, AND MANTCHURIAN DEER--THE FALLOW
DEER--Peculiarity of its Antlers--THE PERSIAN FALLOW
DEER--THE RUSINE DEER--THE SAMBUR, OR GEROW--Habits--Species
of Java, Formosa, Sumatra, Borneo, Timor, Ternate, and The
Philippines--THE HOG DEER--THE AXIS DEER--PRINCE ALFRED’S
DEER--THE SWAMP DEER--SCHOMBURGK’S DEER--ELD’S DEER, OR THE
THAMYN--Description--Habits--Hunting--Shameful havoc 46