Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber's Note: Inconsistencies in hyphenation and spelling found in the original book have been retained in this version. A list of these inconsistencies is found at the end of the text.

CATALOGUE OF EARLY PRINTED BOOKS

CATALOGUE

OF THE

WILLIAM LORING ANDREWS

COLLECTION OF EARLY BOOKS

IN THE

LIBRARY OF YALE UNIVERSITY

[Printer's Seal]

NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MCMXIII

COPYRIGHT, 1913
BY
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Printed from type October, 1913. 300 copies

PREFACE

The collection of early printed books presented to the Library of Yale University in 1894 by Mr. William Loring Andrews, of New York, was formed to illustrate the first century of printing, which is a better boundary for the survey than the half-century ending with the year 1500, more often chosen. The latter, the so-styled cradle period of the art, is wanting in real definition, being at most a convenient halting place, not a completed stage, whereas at the middle of the sixteenth century the printed book of the better class had acquired most of its maturer features and no longer has for us an unfamiliar look. Designed to serve as a permanent exhibition, it is a selection rather than a collection, not large, but wisely chosen, and no less attractive than instructive, having been formed a quarter of a century ago, at a time when opportunities were unusually favorable.

The surviving books of the first presses, which are the chief sources of our knowledge of the early art, are at the same time, when obtainable, the most efficient teachers. For the illustration of the typography, the feature of first importance, there is nothing comparable to the open pages of a representative series of the original books, such as are here spread out before us. The best of the available substitutes, phototype reproductions of specimen pages, apart from other limitations, must always lack the authority and the impressiveness of the originals.

While it is the main office of the present collection to set before the students of the University as a whole the more general features of the art of the early printer, a further service which it is prepared to render must not be overlooked. To such as are prompted to go into the subject more deeply it offers an excellent body of the original material upon which any serious study must of necessity be based.

The two fine fifteenth century MSS. at the head of the collection, far from serving a merely ornamental purpose, like their own illuminated initials for example, are a needful introduction. It is obvious that from such sources the first printers got the models of their types, and the MSS. in which Jenson found the prototypes of his famous roman characters, which in the judgment of some are still unsurpassed, could not have been very remote from these. Some of the more striking features which distinguish the early printed books from the later were not original with them, but only survivals from the MSS. The abbreviations and contractions in which both abound were the labor-saving devices of the copyists, adopted without hesitation by the printers who used the MSS. as copy and only slowly abandoned. The copyist left spaces in his MS. for initials to be supplied by the illuminator, without which his work was not considered complete, and for about a hundred years the printer continued to do the same. If the copyist saw fit to attach his name to his work, we look for it at the end of the volume and there also the printer placed his colophon. Signatures and catchwords, to guide the binder in the arrangement of the sheets, did not come in with the printed book, but had long been in use in the MSS.

Although out of the hundreds of presses active during the first century only a score are here represented, leaving wide gaps in the series, it is better, because more nearly in the natural line of development, that the books should be ranged under the country, the locality and the press to which they severally belong, than that they should be kept in strict chronological order. A general chronological order underlies the geographical even where it does not come to the surface. By right of seniority Germany stands at the head, and Mainz, the birthplace of printing, is followed by the other German towns in the order of their press age. Next come the presses of Italy, France, Holland and England, arranged in like order. To prevent, however, too wide a departure from the chronological succession which would result from the strict application of this rule, the later, i.e., the sixteenth century, Venice and Paris books are separated from the earlier and transferred to the end of the list, where in point of development they properly belong. Placed in the order thus indicated, the books, as befits so small a total, are numbered consecutively in one series. The conspectus, which brings into one view the titles, dates, places and printers' names, will serve also as a sufficient index.

While we are here most concerned with the genealogy and family history of the books, or in other words with their press relationships, the personal history attaching to them--_habent sua fata libelli_--is not without interest. The Zeno MS. and the Philo, printed on vellum, are the dedication copies, not merely set apart, but specially prepared for this use. In a few of the volumes are found the names or the arms of early owners. The Livy MS. and one-half of the printed books are from the library, dispersed in 1886, of Michael Wodhull (1740-1816) of Thenford, Northamptonshire, the first translator into English verse of all the extant works of Euripides, the most assiduous and painstaking and in some departments of bibliography the best equipped among the book collectors of his day. It was his custom (well illustrated in the present collection) to enter on the fly-leaf of each purchase the source and the cost, adding as a separate item the binding, often by Roger Payne, and to affix his name and the date. His _visé_ "Collat: & complet:" is seldom wanting and often bibliographical notes and references to authorities are added. Justinian's _Novellae_, printed by Schoeffer, and all the Aldine press books save one are from the library gathered at Syston Park, Lincolnshire, by Sir John Thorold and his son, Sir John Hayford Thorold, between 1775 and 1831 and sold in 1884.

One valued mark of ownership, common to all the volumes, is the _ex libris_ of the lover of choice books who united them in one family, not again to be separated, and gave them into the keeping of the University Library.

The accompanying list of Authorities, as will be apparent, is intended to supply merely the details necessary to complete the references of the catalogue.

Acknowledgments are due from the compiler to his associates in the Library and the University for assistance in the catalogue.

ADDISON VAN NAME, _Librarian Emeritus_.

Yale University Library, September, 1913.

AUTHORITIES.

Ames, J. Typographical antiquities, or, History of printing in
England, Scotland and Ireland, enlarged by T.F. Dibdin. 4 v. 4^o.
Lond., 1810-19.

Blades, W. The life and typography of William Caxton. 2 v. 4^o. Lond.,
1861-3.

British Museum. Catalogue of books printed in the XVth century now in
the British Museum. Pt. i, ii. 4^o. Lond., 1908-12.

Brown, H.F. The Venetian printing press. 4^o. N.Y. and Lond., 1891.

Brunet, J.C. Manuel du libraire. 5^e éd. 6 v. 8^o. Paris, 1860-5.

Burger, K. Deutsche und italienische Inkunabeln. Lief. i-ix. f^o.
Berlin, 1892-1912.

Campbell, M.F.A.G. Annales de l'imprimerie néerlandaise au XV^e siècle.
8^o. La Haye, 1874-90.

Claudin, A. The first Paris press: an account of the books printed for
G. Fichet and J. Heynlin in the Sorbonne 1470-72. [Bibl. Soc.
Illust. Monogr. vi.] 4^o. Lond., 1897.

Copinger, W.A. Incunabula Biblica. 4^o. Lond., 1892.

---- Supplement to Hain's Repertorium bibliographicum. 2 pt. in 3 v.
8^o. Lond., 1895-1902.

Crevenna, P.A. Bolongaro. Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de M.
Pierre-Antoine Bolongaro-Crevenna. 5 v. 8^o. Amsterdam, 1789.

De Vinne, T.L. Notable printers of Italy during the fifteenth century.
4^o. New York, 1910.

Didot, A. Firmin. Alde Manuce et l'Hellénisme à Venise. 8^o. Paris,
1875.

Duff, E. Gordon. A century of the English book trade. 4^o. Lond., 1905.

---- Hand-lists of English printers 1501-1556. Pt. i, ii. 4^o. Lond.,
1895-6.

Hain, L. Repertorium bibliographicum. 2 v. in 4 pt. 8^o. Stuttgart,
1826-38.

Le Long, J. Bibliotheca sacra, continuata ab A.G. Masch. 2 pt. in 5 v.
4^o. Halae, 1778-90.

Morgan, J. Pierpont. Catalogue of manuscripts and early printed books
now forming a portion of the library of J. Pierpont Morgan. 3 v.
f^o. Lond., 1907.

Panzer, G.W. Annales typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum
MDXXXVI. 11 v. 4^o. Norimbergae, 1793-1803.

Pellechet, M. Catalogue général des incunables des bibliothèques
publiques de France. T. i-iii. 8^o. Paris, 1897-1909.

Philippe, J. Origine de l'imprimerie à Paris. 8^o. Paris, 1885.

Pollard, A.W. An essay on colophons. [Caxton Club]. 4^o. Chicago, 1905.

Proctor, R. An index to the early printed books in the British Museum.
8^o. Lond., 1898.

---- The printing of Greek in the fifteenth century. [Bibl. Soc. Illust.
Monogr. viii]. 4^o. Lond., 1900.

Quaritch, B., _ed._ Contributions toward a dictionary of English
book-collectors. Pt. i-xiii. 8^o. Lond., 1892-9.

Renouard, A.A. Annales de l'imprimerie des Alde. 3^e éd. 8^o. Paris,
1834.

---- Annales de l'imprimerie des Estienne. 2^e éd. 8^o. Paris, 1843.

Ricci, Seymour de. Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions de
Mayence (1445-1467). [Veröff. der Gutenberg-Gesellseh. viii-ix].
4^o. Mainz, 1911.

---- A census of Caxtons. [Bibl. Soc. Illust. Monogr. xvi]. 4^o. Lond.,
1909.

CONSPECTUS

MANUSCRIPTS

PAGE

1. ZENO. Vita Caroli Zeni 1 2. LIVIUS. Historiarum libri I-X 3

PRINTED BOOKS

1. BIBLIA LATINA Mainz J. Fust & P. 1462 5 Schoeffer 2. JUSTINIANUS. Novellae " P. Schoeffer 1477 6 3. ISIDORUS. Etymologiae [Strassburg] [J. Mentelin] [c. 1473] 8 4. GESTA ROMANORUM [Cologne] [U. Zell] [c. 1473] 10 5. GREGORIUS I. Homiliae [Augsburg] [G. Zainer] 1473 11 6. PSALTERIUM LATINUM " " [c. 1473] 12 7. MODUS perveniendi ad sapientiam " " [c. 1473] 13 8. HUGO. De arrha animae " " 1473 13 9. CARACCIOLUS. De poenitentia Venice Wendelin of Speier 1472 14 10. VALLA. Elegantiae linguae Latinae " N. Jenson 1471 15 11. PLINIUS. Naturalis historia " " 1472 17 12. NONIUS MARCELLUS. De compendiosa doctrina " " 1476 19 13. DULLAERT. Quaestiones super F. Renner & Nicolas Aristotelem de anima " of Frankf. 1473 21 14. ARISTOTELES. De animalibus " John of Cologne & J. Manthen 1476 22 15. UBERTINUS. Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu " A. de Bonetis 1485 23 16. ALBERTIS. De amoris remedio [Florence] 1471 24 17. AESOPUS. Vita et fabulae [Milan] Bonus Accursius [c. 1480] 26 18. OVIDIUS. Metamorphoses Parma A. Portilia 1480 28 19. PIUS II. De duobus [Paris] [Friburger, Gering amantibus & Crantz] [1472] 28 20. PIUS II. De curialium miseria " " [1472] 29 21. PLATO. Epistolae " " [1472] 30 22. MAGNI. Sophologium " Crantz, Gering & 1477 32 Friburger 23. HIERONYMUS. Vaderboeck [Zwolle] P. van Os 1490 33 24. HIGDEN. Polychronicon Westminster W. Caxton [1482] 34 25. ORDINARY of Christians London W. de Worde 1506 38 26. INTRATIONES " R. Pynson 1510 40 27. PLUTARCHUS. Moralia Venice Aldus Manutius 1509 41 28. SCRIPTORES rei rusticae " " 1514 43 29. CICERO. Rhetorica " Andrea d'Asola 1521 45 30. CELSUS. De medicina " " 1528 47 31. CICERO. Epistolae ad Atticum " Aldi filii 1540 47 32. CICERO. Orationes " " 1546 49 33. PTOLEMAEUS. Planisphaerium " Paulus Manutius 1558 50 34. LIVIUS. Historiae Romanae " " 1572 51 35. BIBLIA LATINA Paris Vidua Th. Kerver 1549 52 36. PHILO. De divinis decem " C. Stephanus 1554 55 oraculis

MANUSCRIPTS

1. ZENO, JACOPO. Vitæ, morum, rerumque gestarum Caroli Zeni libri X.
1458.

Fine white vellum, 192 leaves, in 19 quires of ten leaves each and two additional leaves at the end, the last of which is blank. Signed on the lower inner angle of the last page of each quire by a letter (A-T) which is repeated at the point directly facing it on the first page of the next quire. Leaves four to seven of the first quire and all of quires three to eight, a total of sixty-four leaves, have 28 lines to the page, the rest 27 lines. Ruled on one side only with a hard point. Leaf 10-1/2 × 7 in., text-page 7 × 3-3/4 in.

Written in regular Italian minuscules of the 15th century, formed on the models of the 11th and 12th centuries.

The subject of the memoir is the distinguished Venetian Admiral Carlo Zeno (1334-1418), brother of Nicolo and Antonio, reputed discoverers of America. His biographer, Jacopo Zeno (1417-1481), Bishop of Feltre and Belluno, and later of Padua, was his grandson. The work is dedicated to Pius II. in honor of his recent elevation to the papal throne, and since this is evidently the dedication copy, the accession of Enea Silvio Piccolomini in August, 1458, fixes approximately the date of the MS. In April, 1460, Jacopo Zeno was translated to the see of Padua.

The execution and the decoration of the MS. are in keeping with its special use. The gratulatory preface occupying ten pages is introduced by the following heading in letters of burnished gold:

IN LIBROS VITÆ MORVM RERVMQ: GESTARVM CAROLI ZENI VENETI. AD PIVM SECVNDVM PONTIFICEM MAXIMVM. IACOBI FELTRENSIS ET BELLVNENSIS ANTISTITIS PRAEFATIO: [G]LORIOSA.... The ornamentation of the ten-line illuminated initial G is of the interlaced style, and a border of similar pattern surrounds the entire page, enclosing on the front margin vignettes--a vase, two rabbits and a stork--and at the foot the Piccolomini arms, supported by kneeling angels and surmounted by the papal keys and tiara. Each of the ten books has a heading in burnished gold in which the dedication to Pius II. is repeated, and an initial of like character to that of the preface, with a marginal ornament. The occasional marginal subject-headings and the book-number at the top of each leaf are likewise in gold.

The Latin text has thus far been printed only in Muratori's Rerum Italicarum Scriptores (of which a new edition is now in progress), vol. xix, Milan, 1731, from a MS. then, and still, preserved in the library of the Episcopal Seminary at Padua. This MS., the only one which he was able to discover, Muratori describes in the following language: "Codex autem Patavinus quamquam pervetustus a non satis docto Librario profectus est ac proinde occurrunt ibi quaedam parum castigata, quaedam etiam plane vitiata. Mutilus praeterea est in fine, ubi non multa quidem sed tamen aliqua desiderantur." Muratori's text breaks off in the middle of a sentence at the end of the nineteenth (i.e. the last full) quire of our MS., and accordingly lacks only the seventeen lines contained on the next leaf, which is the last. If, as seems quite possible, the quiring of the two MSS. is the same, the loss of the single unprotected leaf at the end is the more readily explained.

In 1591 there was published at Bergamo an abridged Italian version, made from an illuminated MS. which had once belonged to the famous library of Matthias Corvinus, but was then in the possession of Caterino Zeno, governor of Bergamo. It had been among the spoils carried to Constantinople after the capture of Buda by the Turks in 1526. There, seven years later, it had been bought and carried back to Italy by Caterino's father, the younger Nicolo, who, in 1558, first gave to the world the narrative of his ancestors' voyages. For no better reasons than that the Paduan MS. also was illuminated in gold and colors, and that it had been bought twenty-five years before (c. 1700) in Venice where this branch of the Zeno family had become extinct, Muratori was inclined to identify it with the Corvinus MS. The relations between Pius II. and the king of Hungary, who was his ally in the proposed crusade against the Turks upon which he was just embarking when overtaken by death, and to whom the 48,000 ducats which he left behind him were sent in aid of the prosecution of war, suggest another possibility. It may be safely assumed that between the present MS., given only an opportunity to acquire it, and any other copy the king's choice could not have hesitated.

The MS. is in 18th-century Italian binding, red morocco, gilt edges. Sold with other MSS. from the library of the Trivulzio family of Milan at Leavitt's auction, New York City, November, 1886.

2. LIVIUS, TITUS. Historiarum Romanarum libri I-X. Late 15th century.

Vellum. 336 leaves, the last blank. 34 quires all having ten leaves, except the 17th and 34th which have eight each. 31 lines to the page; catchword placed at right angles with the last line of the quire; ruled on both sides with plummet. Leaf 14-1/2 × 10 in., text-page 9 × 6 in.

Written in very regular, bold Italian minuscules of the period of the Renaissance.

The first page of the preface is surrounded by an illuminated border in gold and colors in the Renaissance style of ornament, into which are introduced the Caraccioli arms belonging to the distinguished Neapolitan family of that name. The initial F on this page is historiated with a view of Rome, and each of the ten books has an eight-line initial of dull gold on a background of red, blue and green, with marginal ornamentation.

From the close agreement, even in punctuation, between this MS. and the edition printed at Milan in 1495 by Ulrich Scinzenzeler for Alexander Minutianus, and from other features which forbid the supposition that one is taken directly from the other, we must conclude that they both reproduce a common ancestor.

This MS. of the first Decade of Livy is in unusually fine preservation, and is bound in russia extra, with broad borders of gold and gilt marbled edges.

Brought from Palermo by Dr. Anthony Askew (1722-1772), it was sold with his collection of MSS. in 1785. Michael Wodhull, Esq., of Thenford, Northamptonshire, who gave seven guineas for the volume at "White's sale" in March, 1798, added to his customary entry of these details on the fly-leaf this note: "This appears to be the very Book which I saw Sir W. Burrell purchase at Dr. Askew's manuscript Auction (No. 482) for thirty-two guineas; in Sir W. Burrell's Auction, May, 1796, it is said to have gone for about five (No. 657). The note in _Bib. Askev. manuscripta_ is: 'Ex Panormo in Sicilia hunc cod. adduxit secum Cl. Askevius.' & '300 annor. MSS. longe pulcherrimus.'"

At the sale of the Wodhull library in January, 1886, the Livy MS. and the greater part of the 15th-century books hereinafter described were acquired by the donor of the collection, William Loring Andrews, M.A., of New York City.

PRINTED BOOKS

1. BIBLIA LATINA. Moguntiae, Johannes Fust et Petrus Schoeffer, 14
August, 1462.

[Folio. 481 leaves, 2 columns, 48 lines to the column, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination.]

Leaves 204, 205 containing Judith xiv. 17--Esther iv. 4.

_Fol. 204^b, col. 1_ (red): expl_icit_ liber iudith secundu_m_
ieronimu_m_. Incipit p_r_ologus in libru_m_ hester. _Col. 2_ (red):
Explicit p_r_olog_us_. Incip. liber hester. Hain *3050. Pellechet
2281. Copinger 4. Brit. Mus. 15th cent., I, p. 22. Burger pl. 74.
De Ricci 79.

Five-line initial of prologue and fourteen-line initial I of Esther i. 1 supplied in colors. Heading of leaf in alternate red and blue capitals. Initial-strokes in red on text capitals. Measurement 16-1/4 × 11-1/2 in.

The fourth printed Bible, and the first in which place, printers' names and date are given. These details, which are wanting in so many of the books of the early printers, Fust and Schoeffer--and Schoeffer when he carried on the business alone--rarely failed to add to anything large enough to be called a book that came from their press. This is their fifth book and the colophon attached to the first, the famous Psalter of 1457, was repeated in them all, with no essential change beyond the date, and continued to do duty for ten years longer. In the present Bible among the typographical differences found in the copies are three varieties of the colophon, two of which however are identical in language and differ only in the printers' use of contractions and capitals. The more common of the forms affirms that: "This present work by the ingenious invention of printing or stamping letters without any scratching of the pen has been thus fashioned in the city of Mainz and to the worship of God has been diligently brought to completion by Johann Fust citizen and Peter Schoeffer clerk of the same diocese in the year of the Lord 1462, on the eve of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary."

In Seymour de Ricci's "Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions de Mayence (1445-1467)," Mainz, 1911, 61 known copies of this Bible, 36 of them on vellum, are enumerated and 41 copies which cannot now be traced. The fragment in our possession is entered (No. 115) as one leaf only, instead of two.

The second dated Bible, the eleventh in the series of printed Bibles, was that of Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1471; the third was a reprint by Schoeffer in 1472 of the present edition, page for page, line for line and in the same type.

2. JUSTINIANUS. Novellae constitutiones, sive Authenticum. Consuetudines
feudorum. Codicis libri X-XII. Moguntiae, Petrus Schoeffer, 21
August, 1477.

_Fol. 1^a._ [Text (red)]: In no_m_i_n_e d_omi_ni n_ost_ri ih_es_u chr_ist_i. de heredib_us_ et falcidia _con_st_ituti_o prima si heres legata soluere noluerit Incipit co_n_stitutio Imp_er_atoris Iustiniani. a. Ioha_n_ni p_a_pe secu_n_do. [Commentary]: [I]N nomine d_omi_ni. Iustinianus opus suu_m_ laudabile deo attribuit. _Fol. 169^b._ Explicit liber aute_n_ticor_um_. _Fol. 170^a._ [Text (red)]: Incipiu_n_t _con_suetudines feudor_um_. _Fol. 206^a._ [Text (red)]: Codicis d_omi_ni iustiniani sacratissimi principis perpetui augusti repetite p_re_lectionis incipit liber decimus. _Fol. 300^b_, COLOPHON (red): Anno incarnac_i_o_n_is d_omi_nice .M.cccc.lxxvii. xii. kale_n_dis septembrijs! Sanctissimo in chr_ist_o patre ac d_omi_no, d_omi_no Sixto p_a_pa .iiii. po_n_tifice maximo. Illustrissimo noblissime domus austrie d_omi_no, d_omi_no Friderico Romanorum Imp_er_atore inuictissimo, monarchie chr_is_tiane d_omi_nis! Reuerendissimo deoq_ue_ amabili in Chr_ist_o p_at_re ac d_omi_no, d_omi_no Diethero archip_re_sule Maguntino; in ciuitate Maguncia impressorie artis inue_n_trice atq_ue_ elimatrice p_ri_ma .x. collac_i_onu_m_ triu_m_q_ue_ libroru_m_ Codicu_m_ opus egregiu_m_, Petrus Schoiffer de Gernsheim, glorioso faue_n_te deo suis consignando scutis, feliciter finiuit. [PRINTER'S DEVICE in red.]

Folio. 1. Novellae: quires [1^{10}, 2^8, 3-6^{10}, 7-8^6, 9^{10},
10^8, 11-12^{10}, 13^8, 14^{10}, 15^8, 16^6, 17-18^{10}, 19^{10-1}
(the blank second leaf cut away)], 169 leaves. 2. Consuetudines
feudorum: quires [1-3^{10}, 4^6], 36 leaves. 3. Codicis libri
X-XII: quires [1^8, 2^{10}, 3-5^8, 6^{10}, 7^8, 8^4, 9-10^{10},
11^{10+1} (the additional leaf prefixed)], 95 leaves. In all 300
leaves, two columns of text and two of commentary, 51 lines of text
and 66 of commentary to the column, gothic letter, without printed
signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to six-line spaces, some
with guide-letters, left for capitals. Two pinholes, the use of
which Schoeffer was thought to have abandoned a little earlier than
the date of this volume. Titles and colophon printed in red. The
text type is that of the Bible of 1462. Hain *9623. Brit. Mus. 15th
cent., I, p. 33 (IC. 217).

The first page of each of the three works is ornamented with a floral scroll border in colors. At the head of the several books are thirteen initials in gold and colors. Chapter initials in alternate red and blue; initial-strokes in red in both text and commentary.

The present volume agrees in contents with the fifth and last volume of the Corpus juris as it is found arranged in the medieval MSS., except for the omission of the Institutiones, already sufficiently accessible in separate editions, of which no less than fifty were printed in the 15th century, the first of them by Schoeffer himself in 1468. The first three volumes of the Corpus were occupied by the Digests, the fourth by the Codex lib. i-ix. The last three books of the Codex relate mainly to public law and having lost much of their importance were transferred to the fifth volume.

That the order of the three parts in the present copy, viz. 1. Novellae, 2. Consuetudines, 3. Codex lib. x-xii, is that intended by the printer, is clear both from the position and from the language of the colophon--the position because the colophon is attached to the Codex, and the language because it describes the volume as consisting of "the ten Collations and the three books of the Codes." The Novellae were usually divided by the commentators into nine Collations, perhaps, as Savigny suggests, to parallel the first nine books of the Codex. Sometimes, however, as in the present case, the Consuetudines feudorum were joined with them and reckoned as a tenth collation. Notwithstanding these plain indications, in the copy described by Hain *9623, and in the British Museum copy (as at present, though not as originally, bound), the Codex x-xii is placed between the Novellae and the Consuetudines, thus removing the colophon from its natural place at the end of the volume. In the first edition of these works, printed by Vitus Puecher, Rome, 1476, they were placed in the order last named, but the colophon was there attached to the Consuetudines.

After the death of his father-in-law and partner Fust, late in 1466 or early in 1467, Schoeffer conducted the press alone until his death in 1502. After 1478, however, his activity as a printer was much diminished.

The present large and fine copy (leaf 15-3/4 × 11-1/4 in.), with the manuscript signatures still in part preserved, is from the library of Sir John Hayford Thorold (1773-1831) of Syston Park, Lincolnshire, sold in December, 1884. In the Meerman sale at the Hague, 1824, this same copy, bound as at present in russia gilt, sold for 64 florins.

3. ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS. Etymologiarum libri XX. [Strassburg, Johann
Mentelin, c. 1473.]

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: INCIPIT EPISTOLA ISIDORI IVNIORIS HISPALENSIS EPISCOPI AD BRAVLIONEM CESARAVGVSTANVM EPISCOPVM. [Three other letters to the same and two replies; tabula generalis.] _Fol. 3^b, col. 2_: INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA PRIMI LIBRI. INCIPIT LIBER PRIMVS ETHIMOLOGIARVM ISIDORI HISPALENSIS EPISCOPI. DE DISCIPLINA ET ARTE. _Fol. 27^b, col. 1_: INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI. _Fol. 27^b, col. 2_: PREFACIO. [D]Omino et filio syseputo ysidor_us_..... INCIPIT LIBER YSIDORI DE RERVM NATVRA AD SISEPVTVM REGEM. _Fol. 37^a, col. 2_: INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI. INCIPIT LIBER QVARTVS DE MEDICINA. _Fol. 142^a_, COLOPHON: EXPLICIT LIBER ETHIMOLOGIARVM ISIDORI HISPALENSIS EPISCOPI.

Folio. Quires [1-13^{10}, 14^{12}], 142 leaves, the first blank, 2
columns, 51 lines to the column, without signatures, catchwords,
pagination, printer's name, place or date. Gothic lower-case type,
roman capitals. Book and chapter headings printed wholly in
majuscules. Large woodcut diagrams. Three-to nine-line spaces left
for chapter and book initials, also spaces for occasional Greek
words (mostly left unsupplied) and for small diagrams. Two
pinholes, which in Mentelin's use point to a date not later than
1473. Hain *9270. Brit. Mus. 15th cent., I, p. 57 (IC. 586). Burger
pl. 170.

On the first page large illuminated initial with floral border ornament, and similar initials at the head of the several books. Chapter initials supplied in red or blue; initial-strokes in red throughout the volume. Blank first leaf wanting.

Incorporated with the present edition of the Etymologiae by way of supplement, though not named in the table of contents, is an earlier treatise of Isidore's entitled _De natura rerum_, written at the request of Sisebut, king of the Visigoths, 612-621, and dedicated to him. It contains the sum of the physical philosophy of his time, and, being largely astronomical, is sometimes found in the MSS. under the title _Liber de astronomia_. In order to bring it into immediate connection with the corresponding section of the Etymologiae, it is placed immediately after the third book (devoted to the _quadrivium_, the last division of which is astronomy) and given irregularly the heading "Liber quartus," the regular _Liber quartus (De medicina)_ beginning twenty pages later. Two of the 48 chapters of which it is composed are wanting here, but by the subdivision of other chapters the number is raised to 58. Zainer of Augsburg, the printer of the first edition of the Etymologiae, dated 19 November, 1472, followed it the next month with an edition of _De responsione mundi et astrorum ordinatione ad Sesibutum regem_, which is the work in question under another title. Printed with the same type and the same number of lines to the page, it was in effect treated as a supplement to the Etymologiae.

According to the testimony of a fellow printer, de Lignamine, in the "Chronica summorum Pontificum," Rome, 1474, Mentelin as early as 1458 was printing at Strassburg 300 sheets a day. The third Latin Bible (1460-1461) and the first German Bible came from his press, but the first work to which he affixed his name and a date was the _Speculum historiale_ of Vincent of Beauvais in 1473. He died in 1478.

The Wodhull copy, bought at "Hayes's sale" in 1794 for £5.5s., and bound in russia gilt, with Wodhull arms on side, by Mrs. Weir for £1.2s. Leaf 15-3/4 × 11 in.

4. GESTA ROMANORUM. [Cologne, Ulrich Zell, c. 1473.]

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: Ex gestis romanor_um_ hystorie no_ta_biles: de vitijs v_ir_tutibusq_ue_ tracta_n_tes: cu_m_ applicac_i_onib_us_ moralizatis et misticis: Incipiunt feliciter. _Fol. 160^b, col. 1_, COLOPHON: Ex gestis ro_ma_no_rum_ cu_m_ plurib_u_s applicatis historijs: de v_ir_tutib_us_ et vitijs mistice ad intellectum tra_n_ssum_p_tis Recollectorij finis est feliciter. LAVS. DEO. _Fol. 160^b, col. 2_: Incipiu_n_t tituli numerorum om_n_i_u_m capitulo_rum_ et exemplo_rum_. _Fol. 163^a_: Tabula o_mn_i_u_m exe_m_plo_rum_ _et_ capitulo_rum_ op_er_is præcedentis. sec_un_d_u_m ordine_m_ alphabeti. _Fol. 170^a_: Explicit tabula. _Fol. 170^b, blank._

Folio. 170 leaves in seventeen quires of ten leaves each, 2
columns, 36 lines to the column, gothic letter, without signatures,
catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- to
five-line spaces left for capitals. One pinhole in side margin,
others possibly cut away in binding. Hain 7734, Pellechet 5247.
Brit. Mus. 15th cent., I, p. 196 (IB. 2994).

On fol. 2^a and 163^a five-line initials in blue with graceful pen decoration in red. Initials of chapters and morals supplied in alternate red and blue. Paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red; headings underlined in red. Blank first leaf wanting.

This edition of the Gesta contains 181 chapters and appears to have been preceded only by another undated edition printed at Utrecht by Ketelaer and Leempt, in long lines, with 152 chapters and no index.

Ulrich Zell was the first printer of Cologne. His first dated book was issued in 1466 and he continued to print quite up to the close of the fifteenth century. Nearly all his books are, like the present, without place, date or printer's name. Of the 177 books which he is known to have printed, the British Museum possesses 123.

The Wodhull copy, bound in russia, gilt edges. Leaf 10-3/4 × 7-1/2 in. Mem. on fly-leaf: "Pateson's Auction. £5.5s; washing, cleaning, mending and binding by Roger Payne £1.2s.6d. M. Wodhull, May 25th, 1786."

5. GREGORIUS I. Homiliæ XL super Evangeliis. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer.]
28 August, 1473.

_Fol. 1^a_: Ordo .xl. omeliaru_m_ beati gregorij pape ad secundinu_m_ episcopum Thauronitaru_m_. _Fol. 1^b_: SEQVITVR EPISTOLA [R]Euerendissimo et sa_n_ctissimo frati secundino coepiscopo. Gregori_us_ seruus seruoru_m_ dei. _Fol. 2^a_: EXPLICIT EPISTOLA INCIPIT EWANGELIVM. S. LVCAM.... Omelia prima beati Gregorij pape. _Fol. 141^b_, COLOPHON: Adeptus est finis amba_rum_ parciu_m_ omelia_rum_ beatissimi gregorii pape vrbis rome jn die s_an_cti hermetis sub Anno d_omi_ni M cccc lxxiij. _Fol. 142^a_: _Table of the homilies in the order of the liturgical year._

Folio. Quires [1-13^{10}, 14^{12}], 142 leaves, 33 lines to the
page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination,
place or printer's name. Two- and three-line spaces left for
capitals, which are supplied in red. Paragraph-marks and
initial-strokes in red. Hain *7948, Pellechet 5366. Brit. Mus. 15th
cent., II, p. 319 (IB. 5457).

Gregory's Homilies, of which this is the first edition, and the three next following works bound with it, are from the press of Günther Zainer, of Reutlingen, the first printer of Augsburg. All are in the same type, the heavy-faced gothic of his second font, are rubricated by the same hand, and though two of them are undated, were all evidently printed at about the same time. He was the first printer in Germany to make use of roman type, of which the earliest example seems to have been his "Calendarium pro anno 1472." He died in 1478, ten years after the appearance of his first dated book.

The Wodhull copy, bound by Roger Payne in russia gilt. Leaf 12 × 8-1/4 in. Mem. on fly-leaf: "Payne's sale. £2.12.6, binding and restoring 17s.6d. These four pieces were taken out of old monastic binding. M. Wodhull, Jan. 5th, 1795."

6. PSALTERIUM LATINUM. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer, c. 1473.]

_Fol. 1^a_: Prologus beati jeronimi p_re_sbiteri in psalteriu_m_ q_uo_d ipse de hebraico transtulit in latinu_m_ [E]Vsebius jeronim_us_ soffronio suo salutem. _Fol. 1^b_: Explicit p_ro_logus beati jeronimi. Incipit psalterium Psalmos dauid primus. _Fol. 51^a_: Canticu_m_ Ysaie capitulo lxxij (_sic_), _followed by cantica of Hezekiah, Hannah, Moses (2), Habakkuk_. _Fol. 54^a_, COLOPHON: Explicit tra_ns_lacio soli_lo_q_ui_oru_m_ siue psalterij beatissimi Ieronimi eusebii p_resbiteri_ q_uo_d ad peti_ci_one_m_ soffronij tra_n_stulit ut in ep_isto_la_m_ ante psalteriu_m_ imp_re_ssa p_rae_mittit_ur_ _etc._

Folio. Quires [1-5^{10}, 6^4], 54 leaves, 33 lines to the page,
gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place,
printer's name or date. Two- to four-line spaces left for initials,
which are supplied in red. Paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in
red. Hain *13470. Brit. Mus. 15th cent., II, p. 320 (IB. 5560).

Jerome's final translations of the Old Testament books direct from the Hebrew were all adopted into the received Latin version, the Vulgate, except this of the Psalms. Here his earlier revision of the old Italic version on the basis of the Septuagint had become so firmly established in liturgical use that the translation from the Hebrew, though more exact, could not displace it. This appears to be the first printed edition.

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliæ.

7. MODUS PERVENIENDI AD SUMMAM SAPIENTIAM. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer, c.
1473.]

_Fol. 1^a_: [S]Entite de do_m_ino in bo_n_itate e_t_ in simplicitate cordis q_uae_rite illu_m_. _Fol. 2^a_: Explicit prologus Incipit modus ad summam p_er_veniendi sapienciam. _Fol. 24^a, l. 33_, END: sibi sparso diuinit_us_ in ip_sum_ ardentissime se extendit _etc._ _Fol. 24^b, blank._

Folio. Quires [1-2^{10}, 3^4], 24 leaves, 33 lines to the page,
gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination, place,
printer's name or date. Two- to four-line spaces left for capitals,
which are supplied in red. Initial-strokes in red. Hain *11490.
Brit. Mus. 15th cent., II, p. 320 (IB. 5531).

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliae.

8. HUGO de SANCTO VICTORE. Soliloquium de arrha animae. [Augsburg,
Günther Zainer.] 12 October, 1473.

_Fol. 1^a_: Incipit soliloquium beatissimi Augustini episcopi yponensi (_sic_) de arra anime. _Fol. 7^b_, END: Rapt_us_ est finis hui_us_ tractat_us_ August_in_i de arra ani_m_e. feria t_er_cia post festu_m_ s_an_cti Dyonisy Anno d_omi_ni lxxiij _etc._ _Fol. 8, blank._

Folio. 8 leaves, the last blank, 33 lines to the page, gothic
letter, without place or printer's name. Three-line space for first
initial and initial-strokes supplied in red. Blank last leaf
wanting. Hain *2021. Pellechet 1525. Brit. Mus. 15th cent., p. 319
(IB. 5451).

The author of the work here directly ascribed to St. Augustine was the mystic theologian Hugo de Sancto Victore (1097-1140), member of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine and head of the abbey school of St. Victor, near Paris. From his familiarity with the writings of Augustine and likeness to his spirit, he was styled _Alter Augustinus_, a title which furnishes a plausible but not wholly satisfactory explanation of the confusion in the present case. For among the spurious writings which have been put under Augustine's name more than one has been borrowed from this author. For example, chapters 5-10 of the _Liber de diligendo Deo_ are taken almost word for word from the present treatise.

In the present edition of this soliloquy cast in the form of a dialogue the interlocutors are _Augustinus_ and _Anima_ (both names always printed in capitals); in a Strassburg edition of about the same date, _Hugo_ and _anima sua_; in the collected edition of Hugo's works, _homo_ and _anima_.

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliae.

9. CARACCIOLUS, ROBERTUS, de Licio. Opus quadragesimale quod de
poenitentia dictum est. Venetiis, Wendelinus de Spira, 20 July, 1472.

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: Hec est tabula omniu_m_ sermonu_m_ contentorum hoc in uolumine. _Fol. 3^a_: Sacre theologie magistri necnon sacri eloquij preconis celeberrimi fratris Roberti de Litio ordinis Minor_um_ professoris op_us_ quadragesimale p_er_utilissimum quod de penitentia dictum est. Feliciter incipit. _Fol. 267^a_, COLOPHON:

Vendelinus ego gentis _co_gnomine spiere!
Roberti haec caste purgata uolumi_n_a pressi!
Sedis apostolice Romano praeside Sixto
Magnanimo _et_ uenetum Nicolao pr_in_cipe Truno
M.cccclxxij.xx.quintilis.

_Fol. 267^b, 268, blank._ _Fol. 269^a_: Sermo i_n_ festo a_n_nu_n_tiat_i_o_n_is u_ir_ginis marie _et_ eiusdem Roberti cum tribus (_sic_) aliis sermonib_us_ seque_n_tib_us_. s. de p_re_destinato nume_ro_ damnator_um_ _et_ de cathenis. _Fol. 289^b_: Finis triu_m_ sermonu_m_ Fratris Roberti... _Fol. 290, blank._

Quarto. Quires [1-7^{10}, 8^{12}, 9-11^{10}, 12^8, 13-15^{10},
16^8, 17-27^{10}, 28-30^6, 31^4], 290 leaves, 1, 268, 290 blank, 40
lines to the page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords
or pagination. Two- to seven-line spaces with guide-letters left
for initials. Two pinholes on side. Initials and paragraph-marks
supplied in red. Blank leaf 268 wanting. Hain-Copinger 4424.
Pellechet 3244. Proctor 3524.

Wendelin of Speier succeeded in 1470 to the press established in 1469 by his brother John, the first printer of Venice, who lived to complete only four books. Gothic type was introduced into Italy by Wendelin.

Roberto Caraccioli, born at Lecce in 1425, was bishop of his native city from 1484 to 1495. The great reputation which these sermons enjoyed is attested by the fact that four editions, three of them printed in Venice, appeared in 1472, and four more in 1473, one of which was Wendelin's second edition, an exact reprint of the present.

The Wodhull copy, bought at the sale of the library of Samuel Tyssen, in 1801, for £1.1s., bound in russia gilt, with Wodhull arms on side, at a further cost of 19 shillings. Leaf 10-1/8 × 7-1/2 in.

10. VALLA, LAURENTIUS. Elegantiae linguae Latinae. Venetiis, Nicolaus
Jenson, 1471.

_Fol. 1^a_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS ELega_n_tia_rum_ co_m_pendiosæ collectio_n_is in ordinem alphabeti directæ principium. _Fol. 9^a, blank._ _Fol. 9^b_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS VIRI CLARISSIMI ET DE LINGVA LATINA BENE MERENTIS AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM: CVI OPUS ELEGANTIARVM LINGVAE LATINAE DEDICAT EPISTOLA. _Fol. 11^a_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS PATRICII ROMANI COMMENTARIORVM GRAMMATICORVM SECVNDVM ELEGANTIAM LINGVAE LATINAE LIBER PRIMVS DE NOMINE VERBOQVE. ET EX HIS DVOBVS COMPOSITO PARTICIPIO INCTPIT PROOEMIVM. _Fol. 159^b_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS DE LANGVAE LATINAE ELEGANTIA TERTIVS LIBER FINIT: INCIPIT IIII. DE NOMINVM SIGNIFICATIONIBVS. [_For_ TERTIVS _read_ QVINTUS; _for_ IIII. DE NOMINVM SIGNIFICATIONIBVS _read_ VI. DE NOTIS SCRIPTORVM.] _Fol. 190^a_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS DE LINGVAE LATINAE ELEGANTIA: ET DE EGO MEI TVI ET SVI AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM LIBER INCIPIT. _Fol. 200^b_, COLOPHON: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS DE LINGVAE LATINAE ELEGANTIA: ET DE EGO MEI TVI ET SVI AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM PER ME M. NICOLAVM IENSON VENETIIS OPVS FELICITER IMPRESSVM EST. M.CCCCLXXI. _Fol. 201, 202, blank._

Quarto. Quires [1^8, 2^{12}, 3-4^{10}, 5^{12}, 6-7^{10}, 8^{12},
9^{14}, 10-11^{10}, 12^{12}, 13^8, 14^6, 15-19^{10}, 20^8], 202
leaves, the last two blank, roman letter, 39 lines to the page,
without signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to six-line
spaces left for capitals and spaces also for Greek words, to be
supplied in manuscript. Two pinholes on side. The type is Jenson's
first font. Hain 15802. Proctor 4071.

At the head of the first page is a large initial of the interlaced vine pattern in gold and colors, with a border of the same pattern enclosing the entire page. The remaining five books, the prefatory epistle and the supplement _De ego, mei et sui_ are introduced by initials of the same size and style. Alternate red and blue capitals at the head of chapters, paragraph-marks also in red and blue.

A few of the spaces left for Greek words are filled in manuscript, but more are left vacant. When Jenson later in the same year printed Cicero's Letters, he was provided with Greek type. The blank fol. 9^a is occupied by a transcript in an early hand of the greater part of lib. i, cap. iv (_De ficu_), from a MS. the readings of which differ materially from the printed text.

For the purposes of the index the six books have been divided into a continuous series of 479 chapters, designated in the margins of the text by manuscript roman numerals, but in the index by printed numerals. The references are not, as in later editions, to book and chapter, but to chapters only. The index, alphabetized by the first letter of the word only, printed on different paper and forming a separate quire, is here placed at the beginning of the volume; but traces of earlier manuscript signatures still remaining, bear witness to a former order in which the text preceded the index, as is still the case in some copies of this edition.

Most of Jenson's early books were folios. But notwithstanding the size of the leaf (13 × 8 in.), this is a quarto, as both the direction of the chain-lines and the position of the water-mark prove. However, because of the limitations of the early presses, it was doubtless printed on half-sheets, folio-wise, two pages at most at one impression.

Of the twenty-four 15th-century editions of the _Elegantiae_ the three earliest, one of which was Jenson's, were printed in 1471.

Although the tradition that Nicolas Jenson, master of the mint at Tours, was sent by Charles VII. in 1458 to Mainz to learn the secrets of the newly discovered art of printing is otherwise unsupported and, in view of the manner in which the invention was afterwards carried to France as well as to other countries by private initiative, improbable, he was already a master of the art, wherever and however acquired, when he established in 1470 the press which held the leading place at Venice until his death in 1480.

The present exceptionally fine copy of the _Elegantiae_, bound in citron morocco, with gold borders and gilt edges, is the Wodhull copy, bought in 1786 of Payne for £10.10s.

11. PLINIUS SECUNDUS, C. Naturalis historia. Venetiis, Nicolaus Jenson,
1472.

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: CAIVS PLYNIVS MARCO SVO SALVTEM. _Fol. 4^a_: CAII PLYNII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBER .I. CAIVS PLYNIVS SECVNDVS NOVOCOMENSIS DOMITIANO SVO SALVTEM. PRAEFATIO. _Fol. 21^a_: CAII PLINII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBER .II. _Fol. 355^a_, COLOPHON: CAII PLYNII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBRI TRICESIMI SEPTIMI ET VLTIMI FINIS IMPRESSI VENETIIS PER NICOLAVM IENSON GALLICVM .M.CCCC.LXXII. NICOLAO TRONO INCLYTO VENETIARVM DVCE. _Followed by_: Iohannis andreæ episcopi aleriensis ad pontificem summum Paulum secundum uenetum epistola. _Fol. 356^a_: Hereneus lugdunensis episcopus: item Iustinus ex philosopho martyr: item cum diuo Hieronymo Eusebius cæsariensis: serio posteritatem adiurarunt: ut eorum descripturi opera conferrent diligenter exemplaria: et sollerti studio emendarent. Idem ego tum in cæteris libris omnibus tum maxime i_n_ Plynio ut fiat; uehementer obsecro: obtestor: atq_ue_ adiuro: ne ad priora menda: _et_ tenebras i_n_extricabiles tanti sudoris opus relabat_ur_. Instauratu_m_ aliqua_n_tulu_m_ sub romano po_n_tifice maximo Paulo secu_n_do ueneto. _Fol. 356^b, blank._

Folio. Quires [1^{12}, 2^8, 3-8^{10}, 9^{12}, 10-15^{10}, 16^8,
17-27^{10}, 28^6, 29-30^{10}, 31-35^8, 36^{12}, 37^8], 356 leaves,
first blank, 50 lines to the page, roman letter, without
signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to twelve-line spaces
left for capitals, with guide-letters; also spaces for occasional
Greek words. Greek type sparingly used, oftener transliteration in
roman. Two pinholes. Hain *13089. Proctor 4087. Morgan Cat. II, p.
39, n. 297.

The rubrication of the present copy is not only elaborate but also of unusual merit. The first of the twelve-line initials of the thirty-seven books is finely illuminated in gold and colors. The others, in the outlines of which grotesque features are occasionally introduced, are set off by skilful pen-work, harmonizing in general effect, but carefully avoiding repetition in details. The chapter initials also, a thousand or more in number, in alternate red and blue, or red and green, have much variety and grace. The initial L, for example, occurring twenty-eight times in the first book, is never repeated in the same form and color. The blank fol. 3^b is occupied by the name Jesus in very large and ornate characters, in different colors, surrounded by scroll and figure decoration. The Bagneri arms, included in the ornamentation of the first initial, point to an early ownership of the volume, and the arms of the Antella family of Florence at the foot of the first page, to a later ownership.

The introductory epistle of the younger Pliny, describing his uncle's manner of life, was addressed to his friend Macer, who here becomes Marcus by the easy transposition of Macro to Marco. Less easily explained is the substitution in the dedication of Domitian for his brother Titus Vespasian, to whom Pliny dedicated the work.

Two editions of the _Naturalis Historia_ preceded this, the first printed by John of Speier in 1469, with a five years' privilege from the Venetian senate, which expired at his death in 1470, the second by Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1470. With the first of these, Jenson's edition agrees in the number of pages and of lines to the page. From the second he reprinted the letter addressed by the editor Johannes Andreas, Bishop of Aleria, to his patron Pope Paul II., and the earnest appeal for care on the part of any who should reprint his Pliny, "_ne ad priora menda et tenebras inextricabiles tanti sudoris opus relabatur_." Fifteen more editions were printed before the close of the 15th century. Jenson's Pliny is generally regarded as the finest production of his press. The type is his first font.

The Wodhull copy, bought of Thomas Payne, book-seller, in 1791 for £12.12s., and bound by Roger Payne in russia gilt, with Wodhull arms on side, at the additional cost of £1. Leaf 15-1/4 × 10-1/4 in.

12. NONIUS MARCELLUS. De compendiosa doctrina. Venetiis, Nicolaus
Jenson, 1476.

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2-20, alphabetical index._ _Fol. 21, blank._ _Fol. 22^a_: NONII MARCELLI PERIPATETICI TIBVRTICENSIS COMPENDIOSA DOCTRINA AD FILIVM DE PROPRIETATE SERMONVM. _Fol. 194^a_, COLOPHON: NONII MARCELLI PERIPATETICI TIBVRTICENSIS COMPENDIOSA DOCTRINA AD FILIVM DE PROPRIETATE SERMONVM IMPRESSA VENETIIS INDVSTRIA ATQVE IMPENDIO NICOLAI IENSON GALLICI. .M.CCCC.LXXVI. _Fol. 194^b, blank._

Folio. Sign. a-c^{10}, d-y^8, z^{12}, 194 leaves, 1 and 21 blank,
34 lines to the page, roman letter, without catchwords or
pagination. Seven- and eight-line spaces left for capitals, some
with guide-letters. The type is Jenson's first roman trimmed or
recast the second time on a slightly smaller body. Greek words as a
rule printed with Greek type, not transliterated. Hain 11901.
Proctor 4098.

On the first page of text a large initial S in gold on a panel of color, with marginal decoration. Other large chapter initials in red and blue alternately. Numerous paragraph-marks in alternate red and blue. Blank first leaf wanting.

The index, which occupies the first nineteen leaves, is alphabetized as far as the second letter of the word. The references are by roman numerals to the leaves (not pages) of the work, which themselves have only manuscript foliation in arabic figures.

The first edition of Nonius was printed at Rome in 1470 by Lauer; the second, in 1471, was without place or name. Jenson's edition, which is the third, borrowed from both of these but added also something of value. The correct title, _De compendiosa doctrina_, first appears here. The usual title, _De proprietate sermonum_, belongs strictly to the first chapter. As in all the early editions, the third chapter is lacking, having been discovered later and first included in the 1513 edition of Aldus. Jenson's Greek type long remained in favor for incidental use in Latin books after it had been displaced in Greek books by Aldine types.

The Wodhull copy, "Payne's sale, £5.5s., January, 1792." Bound by Roger Payne in red morocco, gilt edges. Leaf 11 × 8 in.

13. DULLAERT, JOHANNES, de Janduno or Gandavo. Quaestiones super tres
libros Aristotelis de anima. Venetiis, Franciscus de Hailbrun et
Nicolaus de Franckfordia socii, 1473.

_Fol. 1^a, blank._ _1^b_: Tabula q_ue_stio_n_u_m_ d_omi_ni Joh_ann_is de Janduno sup_er_ tres libros de anima Aristotelis. _Fol. 2^a_: [I]Nest enim me_n_tib_us_ hominu_m_ Veri boni naturalis inserta cupiditas. _Fol. 92^b_, COLOPHON: Expliciunt questiones d_omi_ni Joh_ann_is de Janduno sup_er_ tres libros de a_n_i_m_a Ar_istotelis_ i_m_presse Venetijs p_er_ Franciscu_m_ de Hailbrun _et_ Nicolau_m_ de Franckfordia socios. M.CCCCLXXiii.

Folio. Quires [1-8^{10}, 9^{12}], 92 leaves, 2 columns, 71 lines to
the column, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or
pagination. Six- to twelve-line spaces left for capitals. Two
pinholes. Arabic figures used to the exclusion of roman numerals
not only in table of contents, but throughout the text to mark
subdivisions of the argument or individual books of a treatise.
Hain 7458. Burger pl. 99.

On first page of text a twenty-four line initial illuminated in gold and colors, with border ornament. Book and chapter initials in alternate red and blue. Arabic numerals, which made their first appearance in printed books in 1470, were very sparingly used even at a considerably later date than 1473.

The author, commonly known as Johannes de Gandavo (Ghent), of the early part of the 14th century, wrote commentaries also on other works of Aristotle. Of the present work five editions, of which this is the first, were printed at Venice in the 15th century.

Franz Renner of Heilbronn conducted a press at Venice from 1471 to 1483, having as partner from 1473 to 1477 Nicolas of Frankfort. The present volume is printed in a small round-faced gothic type, the second of the nine fonts which he used.

The Wodhull copy, bought at the Maffei Pinelli sale, London, 1789, for £1.13s. Bound in hf. vellum. Leaf 16-3/4 × 11-1/2 in.

14. ARISTOTELES. Libri de animalibus interprete Theodoro Gaza. Venetiis,
Johannes de Colonia sociusque Johannes Manthen, 1476.

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: THEODORI: GEAECI: THESSALONICENSIS: PRAEFATIO: IN LIBROS: DE ANIMALIBVS: ARISTOTELIS: PHILOSOPHI: AD XYSTVM: QVARTVM: MAXIMVM. _Fol. 7^b_: ARISTOTELIS: DE HISTORIA: ANIMALIVM: LIBER PRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 131^a_: ARISTOTELIS DE PARTIBVS ANIMALIVM LIBER PRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 184^a_: ARISTOTELIS DE GENERATIONE ANIMALIVM LIBER PRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 250^b_, COLOPHON: Finiunt libri de animalibus Aristotelis interprete Theodoro Gaze. V. clarissimo: quos Ludouicus podocatharus Cyprius ex Archetypo ipsius Theodori fideliter _et_ dilige_n_ter auscultauit: _et_ formulis imprimi curauit Venetiis per Iohannem de Colonia sociu_m_q_ue_ eius Iohanne_m_ ma_n_the_n_ de Gherretze_m_. Anno domini .M.CCCC.LXXVI. _Fol. 251^a_: Tabula cartarum secundum ordinem ponendarum. _Fol. 251^b, 252, blank._

Folio. Sign. a-b^{10}, c-d^8, e^{10}, f^8, g^{10}, h^8, i^{10},
k^8, l-t^{10}, u^8, x^{10}, aa-dd^{10}, ee^8, ff^6. 252 leaves, the
first and the last blank, roman letter, 35 lines to the page,
without pagination. Two- to seven-line spaces left for initials,
with guide-letters. Hain *1699. Proctor 4312. Morgan Cat., II, p.
48, n. 313. Burger pl. 199.

The border surrounding the first page of text, and eighteen initials of the several books, are illuminated in gold and colors. Chapter initials supplied in red and blue alternately.

Printed signatures, which appear to have been first introduced by Zarotto of Milan in 1470, and a register of sheets, first used by John of Cologne in 1475, are both found in this volume. The register, which may give only the number of sheets in each of the quires, or the first word of each sheet of the quire, is here of the latter kind. Unfortunately two sheets escaped registration and the words are supplied in manuscript.

Three separate treatises of Aristotle are contained in this volume: Historia de animalibus libri ix; De partibus animalium libri iv; De generatione animalium libri v.

Theodore Gaza, the translator, was a learned Greek from Thessalonica, who took up his residence in Italy on the capture of his native city by the Turks. The translation was made at the instance of Nicolas V., who had invited him to Rome in 1450, but was first printed in the present edition (Venice, 1476) and dedicated in a flattering epistle of eleven pages to the reigning pope, Sixtus IV. The fifty scudi which the pope sent in acknowledgment of the dedication copy Gaza is said to have thrown in disgust into the Tiber. It is interesting to note in this connection that while the Venice editions of 1492 and 1498 retain the name of Sixtus IV. in the dedication, Aldus after having omitted the epistle altogether in his 1504 edition, in that of 1513 quietly substituted the name of Nicolas V., the earlier and worthier patron, without a word of change in the language of the dedication itself. Later editions have followed the example of Aldus.

John of Cologne, established as a printer at Venice as early as 1471, was associated 1472-1473 with Wendelin of Speier, whose business and types he took over in 1474. He had as partner, 1474-1480, John Manthen, and in 1480, Nicolas Jenson. The type of the _Aristotle_ is a close imitation of the first font of John and Wendelin of Speier.

The Wodhull copy, bought at the Pinelli sale for £2.12s.6d. Bound in hf. vellum. Leaf 12 × 8-1/4 in.

15. UBERTINUS DE CASALI. Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu. Venetiis, Andreas
de Bonetis de Papia, 12 March, 1485.

_Fol. 1, blank._ _Fol. 2^a_: INCIPIT PROLOGVS IN LIBRVM QVI INTITVLATVR ARBOR VITE CRVCIFIXE IESV. ET DICITVR OPVS VBERTINI DE CASALI. QVI FVIT FRATER PROFESSVS ORDINIS MINORVM BEATI FRANCISCI. _Fol. 4^a, col. 2_: Explicit p_ri_mus p_ro_logus. Incipit secu_n_dus. _Fol. 5^a, col. 2_: Explicit p_ro_logus secundus. Incipit liber primus. _Fol. 248^b, col. 2_, COLOPHON: Liber qui intitulatur Arbor uite crucifixe Iesu deuotissimi fratris Vbertini de Casali ordinis minoru_m_ felicit_er_ explicit. Impressus Venetiis p_er_ Andrea_m_ de Bonettis de Papia. Anno .M.CCCC.LXXXV. Die.xii.Martii. Ioa_n_ne Mocenico inclyto principe regnante. _Fol. 249^a_: Tabula capitulo_rum_. _Fol. 249^b, col. 2_: Registrum. _Fol. 250, blank._