Chapter XXXV: Part XL: Responsibility and Qualifications of Locomotive Runners.119 (1)

[119] NOTE.--The greater part of this chapter is a translation from
Prof. George Kosak’s “Katechismus der Einrichtung und des Betriebes
der Locomotive.”

QUESTION 561. _What are the dangers to which the runner and the fireman are exposed by their work on the engine?_

_Answer._ Runners and firemen are not only exposed to great bodily injury or even death by every accident which may happen to their engine, but unless they are very careful to preserve their health it is quickly destroyed by the constant changes of the weather to which their position exposes them, and also by the effect of the heat of the fire and by the smoke by which they are often surrounded.

In order to protect themselves in a measure from the injurious effects of change of weather, smoke, cold, etc., frequent bathing and cleansing of the skin are absolutely necessary, and also the wearing of a woolen undershirt next the skin at all seasons.

The gases of coal which pour out of the furnace-door, if it is opened when the throttle is closed, have an especially injurious effect on the throat, lungs, etc. They should always see to it, therefore, that the blower is always started before the fire-door is opened, in order that these injurious gases, which have collected during a halt, may be drawn forward and up the smoke-stack by the draft.

The steady, loud clatter which the engine makes while running has an injurious influence on the nervous system. The runner should therefore endeavor to lessen these shocks of the engine as far as possible by keeping watch over it and keeping its parts accurately adjusted. In order to keep himself fresh and strong in his service, which is extremely exhaustive to body and mind, the runner must try to strengthen himself by regular, temperate living, and eating abundant nourishing food. The common use of strong drinks, which undermines the mental and physical strength of men, should be avoided by a person occupying the exhaustive and responsible position of a locomotive runner. If in ordinary life a drunken man is unfit for any simple work, how shall a drunken runner or fireman undertake the difficult management of so great, so delicate and so costly a machine as a locomotive? How can hundreds of men quietly trust their lives and limbs to such a man, whom no one can help despising? Rightfully, therefore, conscientious railroad managers place the greatest stress on the _sobriety_ of the runners and firemen, and instantly discharge from their service those who give themselves up to a passion for drink.

Owing to the demands which their daily labor makes upon their strength and endurance, locomotive runners should be careful not to increase the drain by dissipation, irregular hours or overwork. There seems to be something about the power of endurance of the human frame analogous to the capacity of a bar of iron or steel to resist strains. So long as the strains do not exceed the elastic limit, that is if the bar recovers its original length when the strain is removed, it will bear millions of such strains without becoming weaker; but if it is strained so hard that it is permanently stretched, then comparatively few applications of the force will rupture the bar. In a similar way, if the strain or fatigue which a man endures is no more than he will recover from after the ordinary rest, he can endure an almost unlimited number of such strains, but if the fatigue exceeds his “elastic limit,” then he soon becomes permanently injured thereby. It often happens that an excessive amount of work is unavoidable, but when it can be avoided it should be by those who wish to preserve their health and strength.

In order to save themselves from great injuries, runners and firemen should always act with the greatest caution, and never rush carelessly into danger. They should never adopt the principle of foolhardy and thoughtless people, who by the consciousness of continual danger fall into the habit of carelessly “trusting to their luck,” etc. On the contrary, they should always face the danger with their eyes open and with the greatest conscientiousness. Many try to show great courage by scorning the danger, and some such even wish to meet a little in order to be able to show their pluck. These should bear in mind that they have a great responsibility laid upon them, and that it is not alone their own well-being or life which is at stake in case of any mishap, but that by their careless behavior they may wound or kill the helpless people who are committed to their care, cause incalculable misery by robbing families of their sole support and of their children; and bring great sorrow and mourning to their fellow-men. The thought of the curse and the despair of the survivors may give sleepless hours even to a locomotive runner who knows himself to have been without any fault regarding an accident; how much more must it be with him who cannot give himself this assurance? There are not wanting instances in which the runner who caused such an accident by his thoughtlessness, driven to despair by his own heavily-burdened conscience, went miserably to ruin.

QUESTION 562. _What requirements and duties should every locomotive runner fulfill?_

_Answer._ Every locomotive runner should fulfill the following requirements and duties:

1. He should have an exact knowledge of the engine intrusted to him, and a general knowledge of the nature and construction of steam engines generally. Likewise, he should be perfectly familiar with the management of the boiler, the running of the engine, and the way of keeping the working parts in good condition; also, with the forms and peculiarities of the line of road on which he runs, the rules which govern the running of trains and with the signal system adopted.

2. _Health_ and _bodily strength_ he must have in abundant measure in his position, which is exhausting and in which he is exposed to all sorts of weather.

3. He should have a good, plain common-school education, and be ready at reading, writing and arithmetic.

4. He should always carry out _exactly_ and _cheerfully_ the regulations of the service, or the instructions given him by special orders from the officers over him.

5. _Faithfulness_, _frankness_ and _honesty_, which characterize an upright man in ordinary life, and also the strictest _temperance_ in the use of strong drink, he should possess in a high degree in his very responsible position.

6. He should have acquired a certain degree of skill in putting together and taking apart locomotives, and also in repairing separate parts of them. It is desirable that he should always be present when his own engine is taken apart, put together or repaired, in order that he may acquire a thorough knowledge of its condition and learn to understand properly the importance of its various parts.

7. In caring for his engine he must preserve perfect cleanliness and order, and in using fuel he must manifest the greatest care and rigid economy.

8. Whenever there is danger, coolness and self-possession are indispensably necessary, and any thoughtlessness or recklessness is to be strictly avoided.

9. Towards his superior officers his behavior should be respectful and obliging; towards those under him, patient and kindly, and at all times he should avoid profanity and all intemperate language. He should endeavor, as far as possible, to instruct the fireman who accompanies him and make him familiar with the construction and management of the engine, and should see that he does his work strictly in accordance with his instructions.

It is the _fireman’s_ duty to follow the runner’s instructions strictly, and in case of any sudden disability of the runner he must stop the engine in accordance with the instructions given him, and then give the proper signals for help, until another runner arrives. In the meanwhile the engine is to be kept at a halt with all the usual precautions.

10. The runner should try to keep himself informed of the progress and improvement of locomotives by reading suitable hooks and technical periodicals, and when possible acquire some skill in geometrical and mechanical drawing, in order to accustom himself to accurate work and sound and systematic thinking.

QUESTION 563. _What studies should mechanics, locomotive runners and firemen take up, and what technical books should they read?_

_Answer._ As already stated, they should know how to read and write their own language, and understand arithmetic and have some knowledge of geography. Every locomotive runner and fireman has a good deal of spare time, a part of which he can devote to study, and all of them, even if they have not had the advantage of early education, could by industry and perseverance acquire a knowledge of “reading, writing and ciphering.” The assistance of a good teacher should always be procured, if possible. With so much knowledge, some book on natural philosophy can be read to advantage, and then some book on mechanics. The following list of books is given, which the student will do well to read in the order in which they are named. It should always be remembered, however, that the mere buying of books contributes very little knowledge to the owner. It is the reading and _understanding_ them which “increases knowledge.”

LIST OF BOOKS FOR MECHANICS, LOCOMOTIVE RUNNERS, FIREMEN, ETC.

A Hand Book of the Steam Engine, by John Bourne; published by
Longmans, London; $2.00.

A Catechism of the Steam Engine, by John Bourne; published by
Longmans, London; $2.00.

Lessons in Elementary Physics, by Balfour Stewart; published by
Macmillan & Co., New York; $1.50.

Experimental Mechanics, by Prof. Ball; published by Macmillan & Co.,
New York; $6.00.

The New Chemistry, by Prof. J. P. Cooke; published by Appleton & Co.,
New York; $2.00.

Elementary Treatise on Heat, by Balfour Stewart; published by
Macmillan & Co., New York; $3.00.

Combustion of Coal, by C. Wye Williams; published by Lockwood & Co.,
London; $1.20.

A Treatise on Steam Boilers, by Robert Wilson; published by Lockwood
& Co., London; $3.00.

Link-Valve Motion, by Wm. S. Auchincloss; published by D. Van
Nostrand, New York; $3.00.

The Conservation of Energy, by Balfour Stewart; published by Appleton
& Co., New York; $1.50.

Richards’ Steam Engine Indicator, by Charles T. Porter; published by
Longmans, London; $2.50.

PLATES

PLATE IV.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
FOUR-WHEELED SWITCHING LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE HINKLEY LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, BOSTON, MASS.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels None.
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 6 ft. 9 in.
Distance between Front and Back Driving-Wheels 6 ft. 9 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 48,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 48,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 50 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels None.
Diameter of Cylinders 15 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 22
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler ring 44³⁄₄ in.
Size of Grate 3 × 3²⁄₃ ft.
Number of Tubes 121
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 10¹⁄₂ ft.
Square Feet of Grate surface 11
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 71
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 580
Total Feet of Heating surface 651
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2³⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 10 × 1¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₄ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 4¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve None.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ × 7 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ × 7 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal None.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1⁷⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 22 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,200 gallons.

FOUR-WHEELED SWITCHING LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE HINKLEY LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, BOSTON, MASS.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE V.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE

BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 21 ft. 9 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 96 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 65,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 42,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 60³⁄₄ in.
Diameter of Truck Wheels 28 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 16 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 48 in.
Size of Grate 65 × 34¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Tubes 144
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 10 ft. 11 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 15.5
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 100.6
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 825.4
Total Feet of Heating surface 926
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2³⁄₄ to 3¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₄ × 15 in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₂ × 15 in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₃₂ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2 in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,000 gallons.

EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 foot.]

PLATE VI.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE

BY THE GRANT LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 21 ft. 9 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 8 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 62,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 42,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 61 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 28 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 16 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 48 in.
Size of Grate 60 × 34 in.
Number of Tubes 140
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft.
Square Feet of Grate surface 14
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 98
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 805
Total Feet of Heating surface 903
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 3¹⁄₄ to 3³⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₄ × 14 in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₂ × 14 in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5 in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve None.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ dia. × 7³⁄₄ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ dia. × 7³⁄₄ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ dia. × 8 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2 in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,000 gallons.

EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE GRANT LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE VII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE

BY THE
DANFORTH LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE CO., PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 21 ft 2 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-
Wheels, 7 ft. 9 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 60,200 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 38,350 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 5 ft. 7⁵⁄₈ in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 2 ft. 6 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 15 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 3 ft. 10 in.
Size of Grate 56 × 34¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Tubes 136
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft.
Square Feet of Grate surface 13.5
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 86
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 775
Total Feet of Heating surface 861
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2³⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₄ × 13¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₂ × 13¹⁄₂ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁷⁄₈ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₈ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2¹⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,800 gallons.

EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE DANFORTH LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE CO., PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE VIII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE

BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASS.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ In.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 22 ft.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 8 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 62,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 40,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 5 ft. 6 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 2 ft. 9 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 1 ft. 5 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 2 ft.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 3 ft. 10 in.[120]
Size of Grate 66 × 35³⁄₄ in.
Number of Tubes 155
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft 2 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 16.38
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 105
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 906
Total Feet of Heating surface 1011
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Single.
Diameter of Nozzle 3³⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 15 × 1¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 15 × 2³⁄₄ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 4¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁷⁄₈ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal
Size of Truck-axle Journal 3¹⁄₄ × 6¹⁄₂ in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1³⁄₄ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,250 gallons.

[120] The Boiler is made conical, 46 in. diameter at the Smoke-Box
and 50 in. at the Fire-Box.

EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE IX.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE

BY THE HINKLEY LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, BOSTON, MASS.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 21 ft. 4¹⁄₂ in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 7 ft. 6 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 63,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 41,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 68 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 30 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 16 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 46 in.
Size of Grate 3 ft. × 5 ft.
Number of Tubes 150
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft.
Square Feet of Grate surface 15
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 100
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 755
Total Feet of Heating surface 855
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 3 in.
Size of Steam Ports 14 × 1¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2³⁄₈ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5 in.
Outside Lap of Valve ¹³⁄₁₆ in.
Inside Lap of Valve None.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 7 × 7 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 7 × 7 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ × 7 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1⁷⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,000 gallons.

EIGHT-WHEELED “AMERICAN” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE HINKLEY LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE X.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
TEN-WHEELED LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.

Gauge of Road 4 ft 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 6
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 23 ft. 6 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 88 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 78,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 58,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 54 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 26 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 18 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 50 in.
Size of Grate 60 × 34¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Tubes 152
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 12 ft. 9 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 14.37
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 94
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 1014
Total Feet of Heating surface 1108
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 3 to 3¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₄ × 16 in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₂ × 16 in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₃₂ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₄ × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2 in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,200 gallons.

TEN-WHEELED LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XI.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
“MOGUL” LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 6
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 2
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 22 ft. 8 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 96 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 77,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 66,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 52 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 30 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 18 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 50 in.
Size of Grate 66 × 34¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Tubes 161
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft. 3 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 16
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 102.7
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 948
Total Feet of Heating surface 1051
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 3 to 3¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₄ × 16 in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2¹⁄₂ × 16 in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₃₂ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 7 in. dia. × 8 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 5 in. dia. × 8 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2 in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,200 gallons.

“MOGUL” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
“CONSOLIDATION” LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE
DANFORTH LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE CO., PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 8
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 2
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 23 ft. 2 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 15 ft. 7 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 96,550 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 86,430 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 4 ft. 2 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 2 ft. 7 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 20 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 24 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 4 ft. 2 in.
Size of Grate 120 × 34³⁄₄ in.
Number of Tubes 165
Diameter of Tubes 2¹⁄₄ in.
Length of Tubes 13 ft. 9¹⁄₄ in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 29
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 139
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 1370
Total Feet of Heating surface 1509
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double
Diameter of Nozzle 3¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Steam Ports 1¹⁄₂ x 15¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 2³⁄₄ × 15¹⁄₂ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁵⁄₈ in.
Inside Lap of Valve None.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6³⁄₄ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6³⁄₄ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 5 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 2¹⁄₄ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 24 in.
Capacity of Tank 2,400 gallons.

“CONSOLIDATION” LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE DANFORTH LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE CO., PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XIII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
DOUBLE-END TANK LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE
ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 6
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 2
Number of Back Truck-Wheels 2
Total Wheel Base 24 ft. 7¹⁄₂ in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 12 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 84,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 68,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 40¹⁄₄ in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 26 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 15 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 20 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 46¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Grate 34 × 48 in.
Number of Tubes 132
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 9 ft. 9¹⁄₄ in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 11.7
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 67
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 608
Total Feet of Heating surface 675
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2¹⁄₈ to 2³⁄₈ in.
Size of Steam Ports 13³⁄₄ × 1³⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 13³⁄₄ × 2⁷⁄₁₆ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 4³⁄₄ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁵⁄₈ × ¹⁄₆₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ × 8 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1⁷⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 20 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,600 gallons.

DOUBLE-END TANK LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XIV.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
DOUBLE-END TANK LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE
ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 2
Number of Back Truck-Wheels 4
Total Wheel Base 25 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 6 ft. 6 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 75,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 40,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 48³⁄₄ in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 30 and 26 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 15 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 22 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 43⁵⁄₈ in.
Size of Grate 34 × 50 in.
Number of Tubes 139
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 8 ft. 10¹⁄₂ in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 11.84
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 82
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 711
Total Feet of Heating surface 793
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2³⁄₈ to 2⁵⁄₈ in.
Size of Steam Ports 13³⁄₄ × 1³⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 13³⁄₄ × 2⁷⁄₁₆ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 4¹⁄₄ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁵⁄₈ × ¹⁄₆₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ × 7¹⁄₂ in.[121]
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1⁷⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 22 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,000 gallons.

[121] Above is the Front Truck-axle Journal. That of the Back
Truck-axle is 4¹⁄₄ × 7¹⁄₂ in.

DOUBLE-END TANK LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XV.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
IMPROVED TANK LOCOMOTIVE,

DESIGNED BY
M. N. FORNEY, 73 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 20 ft. 9 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-
Wheels 6 ft. 8 in.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 60,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 44,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 50 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 26 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 14 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 20 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 46 in.
Size of Grate 54 × 36⁵⁄₈ in.
Number of Tubes 139
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 10 ft. 1¹⁄₂ in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 14
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 78
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 734
Total Feet of Heating surface 812
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2³⁄₄ in.
Size of Steam Ports 12 × 1¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 12 × 2¹⁄₂ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5 in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₃₂ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6 × 7 in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 3³⁄₄ × 7 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 4 in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 5 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,500 gallons.

IMPROVED TANK LOCOMOTIVE,
DESIGNED BY M. N. FORNEY, 73 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XVI.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
DOUBLE-TRUCK NARROW-GAUGE TANK LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASS.

Gauge of Road 3 ft.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 4
Number of Back Truck-Wheels 4
Total Wheel Base 19 ft. 6 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 5 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 24,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 2 ft. 9 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 2 ft. 6 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 10 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 1 ft. 3 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 3 ft.
Size of Grate 41¹⁄₂ × 31 in.
Number of Tubes 81
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 8 ft. 2 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 8.93
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 56
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 346
Total Feet of Heating surface 402
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Single.
Diameter of Nozzle 2¹⁄₂ in.
Size of Steam Ports 9¹⁄₂ × 1¹⁄₈ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 9¹⁄₂ × 2¹⁄₂ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 3³⁄₄ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 5 × 7 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal
Size of Truck-axle Journal 3¹⁄₂ × 6¹⁄₂ in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger
Stroke of Pump Plunger
Capacity of Tank 800 gallons.

DOUBLE-TRUCK NARROW-GAUGE TANK LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XVII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
DOUBLE-TRUCK TANK FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASS.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 6
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 6
Number of Back Truck-Wheels 6
Total Wheel Base 31 ft.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 8 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 66,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 3 ft. 6 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 2 ft. 6 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 1 ft. 4 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 2 ft.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 4 ft.
Size of Grate 66 × 48³⁄₈ in.
Number of Tubes 154
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 11 ft. 6 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 22.17
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 126
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 927
Total Feet of Heating surface 1053
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Single.
Diameter of Nozzle Variable.
Size of Steam Ports 15 × 1¹⁄₄ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 15 × 2³⁄₄ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 8 in.[122]
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₁₆ in.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6¹⁄₂ × 10 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4 × 8 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger
Stroke of Pump Plunger
Capacity of Tank 2,530 gallons.

[122] This engine has Walschaert’s valve gear, which is worked by a
crank of 8 inches throw.

DOUBLE-TRUCK TANK FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE MASON MACHINE WORKS, TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XVIII.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
DOUBLE-END LOCOMOTIVE,

BY THE GRANT LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 8¹⁄₂ in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels 2
Number of Back Truck-Wheels 2
Total Wheel Base 19 ft. 9 in.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 7 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 52,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 42,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 56 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels 28 in.
Diameter of Cylinders 14 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 22 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 42 in.
Size of Grate 73 × 34 in.
Number of Tubes 124
Diameter of Tubes 2 in.
Length of Tubes 7 ft. 10 in.
Square Feet of Grate surface 16.5
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 80.8
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 468.5
Total Feet of Heating surface 549.3
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2¹⁄₂ to 3⁷⁄₈ in.
Size of Steam Ports 14 × 1¹⁄₈ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 14 × 2¹⁄₄ in.
Throw of Eccentrics 5 in.
Outside Lap of Valve ³⁄₄ in.
Inside Lap of Valve None.
Size of Main Driving-axle Journal 6 dia. × 7³⁄₄ in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal 6 dia. × 7³⁄₄ in.
Size of Truck-axle Journal 4¹⁄₂ dia. × 8 in.
Diameter of Pump Plunger 3¹⁄₂ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 5 in.
Capacity of Tank 1,600 gallons.

DOUBLE-END LOCOMOTIVE,
BY THE GRANT LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, PATERSON, N. J.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

PLATE XIX.

DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT, ETC.,
OF
LOCOMOTIVE FOR THE N. Y. ELEVATED R. R.

DESIGNED BY D. W. WYMAN, SUPERINTENDENT.

Gauge of Road 4 ft. 10 in.
Number of Driving-Wheels 4
Number of Front Truck-Wheels None.
Number of Back Truck-Wheels None.
Total Wheel Base 5 ft.
Distance between centres of Front and Back Driving-Wheels 5 ft.
Total Weight of Locomotive in working order 8,000 lbs.
Total Weight on Driving-Wheels 8,000 lbs.
Diameter of Driving-Wheels 30 in.
Diameter of Truck-Wheels None.
Diameter of Cylinders 7 in.
Stroke of Cylinders 10 in.
Outside Diameter of smallest Boiler Ring 28 in.
Size of Grate 28 × 28 in.
Number of Tubes 140
Diameter of Tubes 1¹⁄₄ in.
Length of Tubes 3 ft.
Square Feet of Grate surface 5¹⁄₂ ft.
Square Feet of Heating surface in Fire-Box 25 ft.
Square Feet of Heating surface in Tubes 126 ft.
Total Feet of Heating surface 151 ft.
Exhaust Nozzles--single or double Double.
Diameter of Nozzle 2 in.
Size of Steam Ports 6 × ⁵⁄₈ in.
Size of Exhaust Ports 6 × 2 in.
Throw of Eccentrics 2¹⁄₂ in.
Outside Lap of Valve ⁵⁄₈ in.
Inside Lap of Valve ¹⁄₃₂ in.
Diameter of Main Driving-axle Journal 3 in.
Size of other Driving-axle Journal
Size of Truck-axle Journal
Diameter of Pump Plunger 1³⁄₈ in.
Stroke of Pump Plunger 10 in.
Capacity of Tank 109 gallons.

LOCOMOTIVE FOR THE NEW YORK ELEVATED RAILROAD,
DESIGNED BY D. W. WYMAN, SUPERINTENDENT.
Scale, ¹⁄₈ in. = 1 ft.]

_Appendix I._

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM. |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| | | | | | Relative |
| Total | | | | | volume of |
|pressure| | | | Weight| the steam |
| per sq.| | Sensible | Total heat| of one| compared |
| inch, | |temperature| in degrees| cubic | with the |
|measured| Pressure | in | from zero | foot | water from|
| from a | above the | Fahrenheit| of | of | which it |
| vacuum.|atmosphere.| degrees. |Fahrenheit.| steam.|was raised.|
+--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-------+-----------+
| Lb. | Lb. | Deg. | Deg. | Lb. | |
| 1 | .. | 102.1 | 1144.5 | .0030 | 20582 |
| 2 | .. | 126.3 | 1151.7 | .0058 | 10721 |
| 3 | .. | 141.6 | 1156.6 | .0085 | 7322 |
| 4 | .. | 153.1 | 1160.1 | .0112 | 5583 |
| 5 | .. | 162.3 | 1162.9 | .0138 | 4527 |
| 6 | .. | 170.2 | 1165.3 | .0163 | 3813 |
| 7 | .. | 176.9 | 1167.3 | .0189 | 3298 |
| 8 | .. | 182.9 | 1169.2 | .0214 | 2909 |
| 9 | .. | 188.3 | 1170.8 | .0239 | 2604 |
| 10 | .. | 193.3 | 1172.3 | .0264 | 2358 |
| 11 | .. | 197.8 | 1173.7 | .0289 | 2157 |
| 12 | .. | 202.0 | 1175.0 | .0314 | 1986 |
| 13 | .. | 205.9 | 1176.2 | .0338 | 1842 |
| 14 | .. | 209.6 | 1177.3 | .0362 | 1720 |
| 14.7 | 0. | 212.0 | 1178.1 | .0380 | 1642 |
| 15 | .3 | 213.1 | 1178.4 | .0387 | 1610 |
| 16 | 1.3 | 216.3 | 1179.4 | .0411 | 1515 |
| 17 | 2.3 | 219.6 | 1180.3 | .0435 | 1431 |
| 18 | 3.3 | 222.4 | 1181.2 | .0459 | 1357 |
| 19 | 4.3 | 225.3 | 1182.1 | .0483 | 1290 |
| 20 | 5.3 | 228.0 | 1182.9 | .0507 | 1229 |
| 21 | 6.3 | 230.6 | 1183.7 | .0531 | 1174 |
| 22 | 7.3 | 233.1 | 1184.5 | .0555 | 1123 |
| 23 | 8.3 | 235.5 | 1185.2 | .0580 | 1075 |
| 24 | 9.3 | 237.8 | 1185.9 | .0601 | 1036 |
| 25 | 10.3 | 240.1 | 1186.6 | .0625 | 996 |
| 26 | 11.3 | 242.3 | 1187.3 | .0650 | 958 |
| 27 | 12.3 | 244.4 | 1187.8 | .0673 | 926 |
| 28 | 13.3 | 246.4 | 1188.4 | .0696 | 895 |
| 29 | 14.3 | 248.4 | 1189.1 | .0719 | 866 |
| 30 | 15.3 | 250.4 | 1189.8 | .0743 | 838 |
| 31 | 16.3 | 252.2 | 1190.4 | .0766 | 813 |
| 32 | 17.3 | 254.1 | 1190.9 | .0789 | 789 |
| 33 | 18.3 | 255.9 | 1191.5 | .0812 | 767 |
| 34 | 19.3 | 257.6 | 1192.0 | .0835 | 746 |
| 35 | 20.3 | 259.3 | 1192.5 | .0858 | 726 |
| 36 | 21.3 | 260.9 | 1193.0 | .0881 | 707 |
| 37 | 22.3 | 262.6 | 1193.5 | .0905 | 688 |
| 38 | 23.3 | 264.2 | 1194.0 | .0929 | 671 |
| 39 | 24.3 | 265.8 | 1194.5 | .0952 | 655 |
| 40 | 25.3 | 267.3 | 1194.9 | .0974 | 640 |
| 41 | 26.3 | 268.7 | 1195.4 | .0996 | 625 |
| 42 | 27.3 | 270.2 | 1195.8 | .1020 | 611 |
| 43 | 28.3 | 271.6 | 1196.2 | .1042 | 598 |
| 44 | 29.3 | 273.0 | 1196.6 | .1065 | 585 |
| 45 | 30.3 | 274.4 | 1197.1 | .1089 | 572 |
| 46 | 31.3 | 275.8 | 1197.5 | .1111 | 561 |
| 47 | 32.3 | 277.1 | 1197.9 | .1133 | 550 |
| 48 | 33.3 | 278.4 | 1198.3 | .1156 | 539 |
| 49 | 34.3 | 279.7 | 1198.7 | .1179 | 529 |
| 50 | 35.3 | 281.0 | 1199.1 | .1202 | 518 |
| 51 | 36.3 | 282.3 | 1199.5 | .1224 | 509 |
| 52 | 37.3 | 283.5 | 1199.9 | .1246 | 500 |
| 53 | 38.3 | 284.7 | 1200.3 | .1269 | 491 |
| 54 | 39.3 | 285.9 | 1200.6 | .1291 | 482 |
| 55 | 40.3 | 287.1 | 1201.0 | .1314 | 474 |
| 56 | 41.3 | 288.2 | 1201.3 | .1336 | 466 |
| 57 | 42.3 | 289.3 | 1201.7 | .1364 | 458 |
| 58 | 43.3 | 290.4 | 1202.0 | .1380 | 451 |
| 59 | 44.3 | 291.6 | 1202.4 | .1403 | 444 |
| 60 | 45.3 | 292.7 | 1202.7 | .1425 | 437 |
| 61 | 46.3 | 293.8 | 1203.1 | .1447 | 430 |
| 62 | 47.3 | 294.8 | 1203.4 | .1469 | 424 |
| 63 | 48.3 | 295.9 | 1203.7 | .1493 | 417 |
| 64 | 49.3 | 296.9 | 1204.0 | .1516 | 411 |
| 65 | 50.3 | 298.0 | 1204.3 | .1538 | 405 |
| 66 | 51.3 | 299.0 | 1204.6 | .1560 | 399 |
| 67 | 52.3 | 300.0 | 1204.9 | .1583 | 393 |
| 68 | 53.3 | 300.9 | 1205.2 | .1605 | 388 |
| 69 | 54.3 | 301.9 | 1205.5 | .1627 | 383 |
| 70 | 55.3 | 302.9 | 1205.8 | .1648 | 378 |
| 71 | 56.3 | 303.9 | 1206.1 | .1670 | 373 |
| 72 | 57.3 | 304.8 | 1266.3 | .1692 | 368 |
| 73 | 58.3 | 305.7 | 1206.6 | .1714 | 363 |
| 74 | 59.3 | 306.6 | 1206.9 | .1736 | 359 |
| 75 | 60.3 | 307.5 | 1207.2 | .1759 | 353 |
| 76 | 61.3 | 308.4 | 1207.4 | .1782 | 349 |
| 77 | 62.3 | 309.3 | 1207.7 | .1804 | 345 |
| 78 | 63.3 | 310.2 | 1208.0 | .1826 | 341 |
| 79 | 64.3 | 311.1 | 1208.3 | .1848 | 337 |
| 80 | 65.3 | 312.0 | 1208.5 | .1869 | 333 |
| 81 | 66.3 | 312.8 | 1208.8 | .1891 | 329 |
| 82 | 67.3 | 313.6 | 1209.1 | .1913 | 325 |
| 83 | 68.3 | 314.5 | 1209.4 | .1935 | 321 |
| 84 | 69.3 | 315.3 | 1209.6 | .1957 | 318 |
| 85 | 70.3 | 316.1 | 1209.9 | .1980 | 314 |
| 86 | 71.3 | 316.9 | 1210.1 | .2002 | 311 |
| 87 | 72.3 | 317.8 | 1210.4 | .2024 | 308 |
| 88 | 73.3 | 318.6 | 1210.6 | .2044 | 305 |
| 89 | 74.3 | 319.4 | 1210.9 | .2067 | 301 |
| 90 | 75.3 | 320.2 | 1211.1 | .2089 | 298 |
| 91 | 76.3 | 321.0 | 1211.3 | .2111 | 295 |
| 92 | 77.3 | 321.7 | 1211.5 | .2133 | 292 |
| 93 | 78.3 | 322.5 | 1211.8 | .2155 | 289 |
| 94 | 79.3 | 323.3 | 1212.0 | .2176 | 286 |
| 95 | 80.3 | 324.1 | 1212.3 | .2198 | 283 |
| 96 | 81.3 | 324.8 | 1212.5 | .2219 | 281 |
| 97 | 82.3 | 325.6 | 1212.8 | .2241 | 278 |
| 98 | 83.3 | 326.3 | 1213.0 | .2263 | 275 |
| 99 | 84.3 | 327.1 | 1213.2 | .2285 | 272 |
| 100 | 85.3 | 327.9 | 1213.4 | .2307 | 270 |
| 101 | 86.3 | 328.5 | 1213.6 | .2329 | 267 |
| 102 | 87.3 | 329.1 | 1213.8 | .2351 | 265 |
| 103 | 88.3 | 329.9 | 1214.0 | .2373 | 262 |
| 104 | 89.3 | 330.6 | 1214.2 | .2393 | 260 |
| 105 | 90.3 | 331.3 | 1214.4 | .2414 | 257 |
| 106 | 91.3 | 331.9 | 1214.6 | .2435 | 255 |
| 107 | 92.3 | 332.6 | 1214.8 | .2456 | 253 |
| 108 | 93.3 | 333.3 | 1215.0 | .2477 | 251 |
| 109 | 94.3 | 334.0 | 1215.3 | .2499 | 249 |
| 110 | 95.3 | 334.6 | 1215.5 | .2521 | 247 |
| 111 | 96.3 | 335.3 | 1215.7 | .2543 | 245 |
| 112 | 97.3 | 336.0 | 1215.9 | .2564 | 243 |
| 113 | 98.3 | 336.7 | 1216.1 | .2586 | 241 |
| 114 | 99.3 | 337.4 | 1216.3 | .2607 | 239 |
| 115 | 100.3 | 338.0 | 1216.5 | .2628 | 237 |
| 116 | 101.3 | 338.6 | 1216.7 | .2649 | 235 |
| 117 | 102.3 | 339.3 | 1216.9 | .2674 | 233 |
| 118 | 103.3 | 339.9 | 1217.1 | .2696 | 231 |
| 119 | 104.3 | 340.5 | 1217.3 | .2738 | 229 |
| 120 | 105.3 | 341.1 | 1217.4 | .2759 | 227 |
| 121 | 106.3 | 341.8 | 1217.6 | .2780 | 225 |
| 122 | 107.3 | 342.4 | 1217.8 | .2801 | 224 |
| 123 | 108.3 | 343.0 | 1218.0 | .2822 | 222 |
| 124 | 109.3 | 343.6 | 1218.2 | .2845 | 221 |
| 125 | 110.3 | 344.2 | 1218.4 | .2867 | 219 |
| 126 | 111.3 | 344.8 | 1218.6 | .2889 | 217 |
| 127 | 112.3 | 345.4 | 1218.8 | .2911 | 215 |
| 128 | 113.3 | 346.0 | 1218.9 | .2933 | 214 |
| 129 | 114.3 | 346.6 | 1219.1 | .2955 | 212 |
| 130 | 115.3 | 347.2 | 1219.3 | .2977 | 211 |
| 131 | 116.3 | 347.8 | 1219.5 | .2999 | 209 |
| 132 | 117.3 | 348.3 | 1219.6 | .3020 | 208 |
| 133 | 118.3 | 348.9 | 1219.8 | .3040 | 206 |
| 134 | 119.3 | 349.5 | 1220.0 | .3060 | 205 |
| 135 | 120.3 | 350.1 | 1220.2 | .3080 | 203 |
| 136 | 121.3 | 350.6 | 1220.3 | .3101 | 202 |
| 137 | 122.3 | 351.2 | 1220.5 | .3121 | 200 |
| 138 | 123.3 | 351.8 | 1220.7 | .3142 | 199 |
| 139 | 124.3 | 352.4 | 1220.9 | .3162 | 198 |
| 140 | 125.3 | 352.9 | 1221.0 | .3184 | 197 |
| 141 | 126.3 | 353.5 | 1221.2 | .3206 | 195 |
| 142 | 127.3 | 354.0 | 1221.4 | .3228 | 194 |
| 143 | 128.3 | 354.5 | 1221.6 | .3250 | 193 |
| 144 | 129.3 | 355.0 | 1221.7 | .3273 | 192 |
| 145 | 130.3 | 355.6 | 1221.9 | .3294 | 190 |
| 146 | 131.3 | 356.1 | 1222.0 | .3315 | 189 |
| 147 | 132.3 | 356.7 | 1222.2 | .3336 | 188 |
| 148 | 133.3 | 357.2 | 1222.3 | .3357 | 187 |
| 149 | 134.3 | 357.8 | 1222.5 | .3377 | 186 |
| 150 | 135.3 | 358.3 | 1222.7 | .3397 | 184 |
| 155 | 140.3 | 361.0 | 1223.5 | .3500 | 179 |
| 160 | 145.3 | 363.4 | 1224.2 | .3607 | 174 |
| 165 | 150.3 | 366.0 | 1224.9 | .3714 | 169 |
| 170 | 155.3 | 368.2 | 1225.7 | .3821 | 164 |
| 175 | 160.3 | 370.8 | 1226.4 | .3928 | 159 |
| 180 | 165.3 | 372.9 | 1227.1 | .4035 | 155 |
| 185 | 170.3 | 375.3 | 1227.8 | .4142 | 151 |
| 190 | 175.3 | 377.5 | 1228.5 | .4250 | 148 |
| 195 | 180.3 | 379.7 | 1229.2 | .4357 | 144 |
| 200 | 185.3 | 381.7 | 1229.8 | .4464 | 141 |
| 210 | 195.3 | 386.0 | 1231.1 | .4668 | 135 |
| 220 | 205.3 | 389.9 | 1232.3 | .4872 | 129 |
| 230 | 215.3 | 393.8 | 1233.5 | .5072 | 123 |
| 240 | 225.3 | 397.5 | 1234.6 | .5270 | 119 |
| 250 | 235.3 | 401.1 | 1235.7 | .5471 | 114 |
| 260 | 245.3 | 404.5 | 1236.8 | .5670 | 110 |
| 270 | 255.3 | 407.9 | 1237.8 | .5871 | 106 |
| 280 | 265.3 | 411.2 | 1238.8 | .6070 | 102 |
| 290 | 275.3 | 414.4 | 1239.8 | .6268 | 99 |
| 300 | 285.3 | 417.5 | 1240.7 | .6469 | 96 |
+========+===========+===========+===========+=======+===========+

_Appendix II._