Chapter II: Introduction

In the following pages I have tried to express a sense of the greatness of my subject by simplicity and directness of statement. The limits of the work necessarily prevented any detailed treatment, the subject of the work prevented originality. We have had the great “Life and Letters” with us for nine years, and this I have used as a mine, extracting what I believed to be the statements of chief importance for the work in hand, and grouping them so as to present what I hope is a connected account of Darwin’s life, when considered in relation to his marvellous work; and especially to the great central discovery of Natural Selection and its exposition in the “Origin of Species.”

In addition to the invaluable volumes which we owe to the industry, taste, and skill of Francis Darwin, an immense number of other works have been consulted. We live in an age of writing, and of speeches and addresses; and the many sides of Darwin’s life and work have again and again inspired the ablest men of our time to write and speak their best--a justification for the freedom with which quotations are spread over the following pages.

It is my pleasant duty to express my hearty thanks to many kind friends who have helped in the production of this little work. Mr. Francis Darwin has kindly permitted the use of many of Darwin’s letters, which have not as yet been published, and he has given me valuable information and criticism on many points. I have also gained much by discussion and correspondence with my friends Dr. A. R. Wallace, Professor E. Ray Lankester, and Professor Meldola. The latter has freely given me the use of his valuable series of letters; and I owe to my friend, Mr. Rowland H. Wedgwood, the opportunity of publishing a single letter of very great interest.

The greater part of the volume formed the subject of two short courses of lectures delivered in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum in Michaelmas Term 1894 and Lent Term 1895.

EDWARD B. POULTON.

Oxford, _October, 1896_.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I.--THE SECRET OF DARWIN’S GREATNESS 9

II.--BOYHOOD--EDINBURGH--CAMBRIDGE (1817–31) 16

III.--VOYAGE OF THE “BEAGLE” (1831–36) 21

IV.--CAMBRIDGE--LONDON--WORK UPON THE
COLLECTIONS--MARRIAGE--GEOLOGICAL WORK--JOURNAL OF
THE VOYAGE--CORAL REEFS--FIRST RECORDED THOUGHTS ON
EVOLUTION (1837–42) 25

V.--DOWN--GEOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE--WORK ON CIRRIPEDES (1842–54) 35

VI.--THE GROWTH OF THE “ORIGIN OF SPECIES” (1837–58) 42

VII.--GROWTH OF THE “ORIGIN” (_continued_)--CORRESPONDENCE WITH
FRIENDS 50

VIII.--DARWIN AND WALLACE (1858) 60

IX.--DARWIN’S SECTION OF THE JOINT MEMOIR READ BEFORE THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY JULY 1, 1858 65

X.--WALLACE’S SECTION OF THE JOINT MEMOIR READ BEFORE THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY JULY 1, 1858 71

XI.--COMPARISON OF DARWIN’S AND WALLACE’S SECTIONS OF THE JOINT
MEMOIR--RECEPTION OF THEIR VIEWS--THEIR FRIENDSHIP 78

XII.--THE GROWTH OF WALLACE’S CONVICTIONS ON EVOLUTION AND
DISCOVERY OF NATURAL SELECTION--BORNEO 1855--TERNATE
1858 87

XIII.--CANON TRISTRAM THE FIRST PUBLICLY TO ACCEPT THE THEORY
OF NATURAL SELECTION (1859) 92

XIV.--THE PREPARATION OF THE “ORIGIN OF SPECIES” (1858–59) 95

XV.--THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859) 100

XVI.--THE INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON LYELL (1859–64) 105

XVII.--INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON HOOKER AND ASA GRAY--NATURAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN IN NATURE (1860–68) 111

XVIII.--INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON HUXLEY 119

XIX.--THE DIFFICULTY WITH WHICH THE “ORIGIN” WAS UNDERSTOOD 144

XX.--THE DIFFICULTY WITH WHICH THE “ORIGIN” WAS UNDERSTOOD
(_continued_)--VIEWS ON SPONTANEOUS GENERATION 153

XXI.--VARIATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION:
PANGENESIS (1868) 161

XXII.--PANGENESIS AND CONTINUITY OF THE GERM-PLASM: DARWIN’S
CONFIDENCE IN PANGENESIS 178

XXIII.--DESCENT OF MAN--EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS--EARTH-WORMS
(1871–81) 186

XXIV.--BOTANICAL WORKS (1862–86) 193

XXV.--LETTERS FROM DARWIN TO PROFESSOR MELDOLA (1871–82) 199

XXVI.--HIS LAST ILLNESS (1882) 219

INDEX 221

CHARLES DARWIN
AND
THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION.