Chapter LX: Book III (4)

224. They said a pater-noster for the benefit of St. Julian, because he was the patron-saint of wayfarers. 'Of this saynt Julyen somme saye that this is he that pylgryms and wey-faryng men calle and requyre for good herberowe, by-cause our lord was lodgyd in his hows'; Caxton's Golden Legend. The story occurs in the Gesta Romanorum, c. xviii., and in the Aurea Legenda. The following extract from an old translation of Boccaccio, Decam. Day 2. Nov. 2, explains the point of the allusion. 'Nevertheless, at all times, when I am thus in journey, in the morning before I depart my chamber, I say a _pater-noster_ and an _Ave-Maria_ for the souls of the father and mother of St. Julian; and after that, I pray God and St. Julian to send me a good lodging at night'; &c. Dunlop, in his Hist. of Fiction, discussing this Novella, says: 'This saint was originally a knight, and, as was prophecied to him by a stag, he had the singular hap to kill his father and mother by mistake. As an atonement for his carelessness, he afterwards founded a sumptuous hospital for the accommodation of travellers, who, in return for their entertainment, were required to _repeat pater-nosters_ for the souls of his unfortunate parents.'

241. Because she was to change her dress, and put on blue; see ll. 258-9, 313-4, 413.

457. The reference is to the Legend of Good Women, which contains the story of Phyllis, Thisbe, and 'Cleopataras.' Cf. l. 465.

463. _Hawes_, probably the same name as _Havise_, which occurs in the old story of Fulke Fitzwarine. But it is remarkable that MS. A. has the reading:--'That other sydë was, how Enclusene'; and this looks like an error for _Melusene_, variant of _Melusine_. This would agree with the next line, which means 'was untruly deceived in her bath.' The story of Melusine is given in the Romance of Partenay. She was a fairy who married Raymound, son of the Earl of Forest, on the understanding that he was never to watch what she did on a Saturday. This he at last attempts to do, and discovers, through a hole in the door, that she was _in a bath_, and that her lower half was changed into a serpent. He tries to keep the knowledge of the secret, but one day, in a fit of anger, calls her a serpent. She reproaches him, and vanishes from his sight. See the Romans of Partenay, ed. Skeat (E.E.T.S.).

465. From Chaucer's poem of Anelida and the false Arcite; vol. i. p. 365; for her Complaint, see the same, p. 373.

471. _umple_ (MS. T. _vmpylle_), smooth gauze; from O.F. _omple_, smooth, used as an epithet of cloth, satin, or other stuff (Godefroy). Here evidently applied to something of a very thin texture, as gauze; see l. 473.

477. _stages_, steps. The chair or throne was set on a platform accessible by five steps, which were made of _cassidony_. Cotgrave explains O.F. _cassidonie_ as meaning not only chalcedony, but also a kind of marble; and this latter sense may be here intended.

488. _Her word_, her motto; _her_ must refer to the great lady (l. 501) to whom the throne belonged.

499. _tapet_, a hanging cloth (Halliwell); here a portion of the hangings that could be lifted up, to give entrance.

526. _After a sort_, of one kind, alike. _vent_, slit in front of a gown. '_Vente_, the opening at the neck of the tunic or gown, as worn by both sexes during the Norman period, and which was closed by a brooch'; Gloss. to Fairholt's Costume in England. O.F. _fente_, a slit, cleft; from Lat. _findere_. The collar and slit were alike bordered with ermine, covered with large pearls, and sprinkled with diamonds. Cf. also: 'Wyth armynes powdred bordred at the vent'; Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, ed. Wright, p. 80.

536. _balays_, a balas-ruby; 'a delicate rose-red variety of the spinel ruby'; New. E. Dict. _of entail_, lit. 'of cutting,' i.e. carefully cut; the usual phrase; see New E. Dict.

539. _a world_, worth a world; cf. _a world_ (great quantity) of ladies; Flower and the Leaf, 137.

576-8. Alluding to the proverb: 'first come, first served'; cf. C. T., D 389, and the note (vol. v. p. 301).

581. We find that the 'bills' are petitions made by the four ladies regarding their ill success in love-affairs.

592. I. e. yet not so much as she ought to have been, as she had all the trouble; _she_ refers to the lady herself.

598. _Oncques_, ever; Lat. _unquam_. 'I can ever rise' seems at first sight to be meant; but _ne_ must be understood; the true sense is, 'I can never rise'; i.e. never succeed. See the context, ll. 605-9.

645. 'I trust in God'; see l. 655.

675. 'Admonish well'; from O.F. _monester_, to admonish, warn.

680. Here, and in l. 689, the speaker is the lady of the castle. In l. 682 (as in l. 690), the speaker appears to be the fourth lady; it is none too clear.

689. _I hate you_, I command you. _Hate_ should rather be written _hote_; perhaps it was confused with the related pt. t. _hatte_, was called. The reference to Saint James of Compostella is noteworthy.

693. _it_, i.e. the bill, or petition; it takes the form of a Complaint.

697-8. _And_, if. _ye wolde_, i.e. _ye wolde seme_, (see l. 696), ye would think so. _Seem_ is still common in Devonshire in the sense of think or suppose; usually pronounced _zim_.

699. _her_ refers to the lady of the castle; at least, it would appear so from l. 705. Else, it refers to Fortune.

736. _the water_, water thrown in her face by one of her companions, who had by this time entered the arbour.

752. A headless line; accent the first syllable.

754-5. The Flower and the Leaf has a similar ending (ll. 582-3).

§ XXII. A GOODLY BALADE.

Obviously Lydgate's. See the Introduction.

1. _Moder of norture_, model of good breeding. The poem is evidently addressed to a lady named Margaret.

2. _flour_, daisy (for Margaret); see ll. 22, 23.

4. _Al be I_, although I am; common in Lydgate.

9. _Thing_, i.e. anything, everything, whatever thing.

15. _Mieulx un_, one (is) better; evidently cited from a motto or device. The meaning seems to be: it is better to have but _one_ lover, and you have found one in a heart that will never shrink. In the Temple of Glas, 310, Lydgate uses the motto _de mieulx en mieulx_.

22-3. 'Daisy (born) of light; you are called the daughter of the sun.' Alluding to the name _day's eye_, which was also applied by Lydgate to the sun; see note in vol. iii. p. 291 (l. 43). Imitated from Legend of Good Women, 60-4.

29. 'When the day dawns, (repairing) to its natural place (in the east), then your father Phoebus adorns the morrow.'

34. 'Were it not for the comfort in the day-time, when (the sun's) clear eyes make the daisy unclose.' Awkward and involved; cf. Legend of Good Women, 48-50, 64-5.

43. _Je vouldray_, I should like; purposely left incomplete.

44. _casuel_, uncertain; see New E. Dict.

48-9. _god saith_; implying that it is in the Bible. I do not find the words; cf. Prov. xxi. 3; 1 Pet. ii. 20.

50. _Cautels_, artifices, deceits; a word not used by Chaucer, but found in Lydgate; see New E. Dict.

57. _Quaketh my penne_, my pen quakes; an expression used once by Chaucer, Troil. iv. 13, but pounced upon by Lydgate, who employs it repeatedly. See more than twenty examples in Schick's note to the Temple of Glas, 947. Cf. IX. 229.

59. Read _roseth_, grows rosy, grows red, as opposed to _welkeneth_, withers, fades. We find the pp. _rosed_ twice in Shakespeare; 'a maid yet _rosed over_,' Henry V, v. 2. 423; and 'thy _rosed_ lips'; Titus And. ii. 4. 24. The emendation seems a safe one, for it restores the sense as well as the rime.

_welkeneth_ should probably be _welketh_; I find no other example of the verb _welkenen_, though _welwen_ occurs in a like sense; and _welketh_ suits the rhythm.

60. _eft_, once again hot. These sudden transitions from cold to heat are common; see Temple of Glas, 356:--'For thoughe I brenne with _feruence_ and with hete.'

64. Lydgate is always deploring his lack of eloquence; cf. notes to Temple of Glas, ed. Schick, ll. 1393, 1400.

69. I can find no such word as _jouesse_, so I alter it to _jonesse_, i.e. youth. For the spelling _jonesce_ in the 14th century, see Littré, s.v. _jeunesse_. The expression _have more yet_ implies that the phrase or motto _je serve jonesse_ is added as a postscript, and that there was some special point in it; but the application of it is now lost to us. Cf. 'Princes _of youthe_, and flour of gentilesse,' Temple of Glas, 970.

§ XXIII. GO FORTH, KING.

This poem really consists of twelve precepts, intended to redress twelve abuses. The twelve abuses are given by the Latin lines above, which should be compared throughout. The whole poem is thus easily understood.

The accent is on the first syllable of the line in most of the lines. In l. 3, the word _Lord_ stands alone in the first foot. The lines are somewhat unsteady, quite in Lydgate's usual manner. In l. 6, _jug-e_ is probably dissyllabic. See further in the Introduction.

§ XXIV. THE COURT OF LOVE.

This late piece abounds with imitations of Lydgate, especially of his Temple of Glas; many of the resemblances are pointed out in Schick's edition of that poem, which I refer to by the contraction 'T. G.'

1. Cf. 'With quaking hert[e] of myn inward drede'; T. G. 978.

'Another feature characteristic of Lydgate is his self-deprec[i]atory vein'; T. G., Introd. p. cxl. We have here an instance of an imitation of it.

6. Cf. 'Save that he wol conveyen his matere'; C. T., E 55.

8. He refers to Cicero's flowers of rhetoric. He may have found the name in Chaucer, P. F. 31. But he probably took the whole idea from a line of Lydgate's:--'Of rethoriques _Tullius_ fond the _floures_': Minor Poems, p. 87.

9. _borne_, burnish, adorn; it rimes (as here) with _sojorne_ in Troil. i. 327.

11. _Galfrid_, Geoffrey de Vinsauf; his 'craft' refers to his treatise on the art of poetry, entitled 'Nova Poetria'; see note to C. T., B 4537 (vol. v. p. 257). [I once thought (see vol. i. p. 43) that _Galfrid_ here means Chaucer himself, as he also is twice called _Galfrid_ in Lydgate's Troy-book. But I find that Dr. Schick thinks otherwise, and the use of the word _craft_ is on his side. At the same time, this renders it impossible for Chaucer to have written 'The Court of Love'; _his_ opinion of his namesake was the reverse of reverential.] With ll. 4-11 compare the opening lines of Benedict Burgh's Poem in Praise of Lydgate, pr. at p. xxxi of Steele's edition of Lydgate's Secrees of Philosophers.

19. _Calliope_; twice mentioned by Chaucer; also by Lydgate, T. G. 1303. Lydgate's Troy-book opens with an invocation to Mars, followed by one to Calliope:--'Helpe me also, o thou Callyope'; and only four lines above there is a mention of 'Helicon the welle' (see l. 22 below).

22. _Elicon_, mount Helicon in Boeotia, sacred to Apollo and the Muses; confused by Chaucer and his followers with the fountain Hippocrene; see note in vol. i. p. 531. Hence Lydgate's expression 'Helicon the welle' in the last note and in T. G. 706, and the reference in the text to its _dropes_.

_suger-dropes_; Lydgate was fond of sugar; he has 'soote _sugred_ armonye,' Minor Poems, p. 182; and '_sugrid_ melody,' ib., p. 11. Also '_sugred_ eloquence'; XII. 200 (p. 288); with which cf. l. 933 below. I have observed several other examples.

24. _Melpomene_; the muse who presided over tragedy.

28. Cf. 'This simpil tretis for to take _in gre_'; T. G. 1387. 'Taketh _at gre_ the rudness of my style'; Lydgate, Secrees of Philosophers, 21.

30. _metriciens_, skilful in metre, poets; a word which has a remarkably late air about it. Richardson gives an example of it from Hall's Chronicle.

36. Compare the following, from T. G. 1379-81.

'I purpos here to maken and to write
A litil tretise, and a processe make
In pris of women, oonli for hir sake.'

40. _man_, servant, one who does her homage; cf. Chaucer, C. T., I 772; La Belle Dame, 244; T. G. 742.

42. Cf. 'So that here-after my ladi may it _loke_'; T. G. 1392.

45. Cf. 'Ther was enclosed _rype and sad corage_'; C. T., E 220.

49, 50. Here the mountain of Cithæron, in Boeotia, is confused with the island of Cythera, sacred to Venus, whence her name Cytherea was derived. The mistake arose, of course, from the similarity of the names, and occurs (as said in vol. v. p. 78, note to A 1936), in the Roman de la Rose, where we find:--

'Citeron est une montaigne ...
Venus, qui les dames espire,
Fist là son principal manoir'; ll. 15865-71.

Hence Chaucer makes the same confusion, but in a different way. Chaucer preserves the right name of the mountain, in the form _Citheroun_, which he rimes with _mencioun_ (A 1936) and with _Adoun_ (A 2223); but here we have the form _Citharee_, riming with _see_. For all this, the scribe corrects it to _Citheron_ in l. 69, where he has no rime to deal with.

56. Cf. 'the _winged_ god, Mercurie'; C. T., A 1385.

58. The MS. has _costes that it drewe_; Bell alters this to _had to it drew_, under the impression that _drew_ is the pp. of _draw_! So again, in l. 78, he alters _saphir ind_, which is correct, to _saphir of Inde_; and in general, alters the text at will without the least hint that he has done so.

78. _ind_, blue; as in The Black Knight, 127.

80. _Baleis Turkeis_ (MS. _Bales turkes_). _Baleis_ is a better spelling, answering to F. _balais_ in Littré. It also occurs as _balai_ in O.F.; and the word was probably suggested by the mention of it in Rom. de la Rose, 20125:--'Que saphirs, rubis, ne _balai_.' Hence also the mention of it in the King's Quhair, st. 46, which see; and in the Assembly of Ladies, 536. _Turkeis_ is the A. F. equivalent of O.F. _Turkois_, i.e. Turkish, as in C. T., A 2895, on which see the note (vol. v. p. 93).

81. _shene_, a misspelling of _shine_, intimating that the author has confused the adj. _shene_ with the verb; or rather, that the poem was written at a time when the word _shine_ could be used as riming to _been_; since we find similar examples in lines 561, 768. So also we find _pretily_ riming with _be_ in The Flower and the Leaf, 89. The pt. t. _shoon_ occurs in l. 83.

82. Cf. 'As doon the sterres in the frosty night'; C. T., A 268. And again: '_bryght As sterrys in_ the _wyntyr_ nyght'; Lydgate, Compleint following T. G., l. 548.

86. Cf. Compl. of Mars, 78-84, 104-5; C. T., A 2388 (and note); and T. G. 126-8.

88. Cf. 'Long as _a mast_,' &c.; C. T., A 3264.

92. Cf. Troil. iii. 8-21: '_In hevene and helle_,' &c.; from Boccaccio; see note (vol. ii. p. 475).

105. _Alceste_; evidently borrowed from Ch., Legend of Good Women, 224, 293-9, 432; cf. T. G. 70-4. _The quenes flour Alceste_ = the flower of queen Alcestis; a common idiom; see note to C. T., F 209 (vol. v. p. 376).

107. _Admete_, Admetus; see Troil. i. 664, and the note; T. G. 72.

108. _ninetene_; copied from the Legend of Good Women, 283; just as the next line is from the same, 285-9. This is the more remarkable, because Chaucer never finished the poem, but mentions ten ladies only, in nine Legends. Cf. 'the book of _the nynetene Ladies_'; C. T., I 1086. Hawes also refers to Chaucer's 'tragidyes ... of the xix. ladyes'; Pastime of Pleasure, ed. Wright, p. 53.

115. 'So fair was noon in alle Arras'; R. R. 1234.

116. _of esier availe_, of less value; see _Avail_ in the New E. Dict.

117. _saunz faile_; thrice in Ch.; HF. 188, 429; C. T., B 501.

119. _Helisee_, Elysium; '_the feld_ ... That hight _Elysos_'; Troil. iv. 789.

120. _saintes_, saints, martyrs for love; cf. V. 316, above (p. 227), and the note. Cf. T. G. 414.

129. 'The king had Danger standing near him, and the queen had Disdain, who were chief of the council, to treat of affairs of state'; Bell.

138. Cf. T. G. 271, and the note, shewing how common gold hair is in Lydgate.

139, 140. 'Bihinde _her bak, a yerde long_'; C. T., A 1050.

148. _In mewet_, in an inaudible voice, to myself; like mod. F. _à la muette_ (Littré).

167. _non erst_; false grammar for _non er_, no sooner; 'no soonest' is nonsense. We find, however, the phrases _not erst_ and _never erst_ elsewhere; see New E. Dict., s.v. _Erst_, § B. 4.

170. This is the earliest quotation given in the New E. Dict., s.v. _Assummon_; and the next is from the poet Daniel.

177. Chaucer has the compound _for-pampred_; Former Age, 5. I read _jolif_, joyful, to make sense; the MS. has the absurd word _ioylof_ (_sic_); and Stowe has _ialous_, jealous, which is quite out of place here.

181. 'An allusion to the monkish story of the man who brought up a youth ignorant of women, and who, when he first saw them, told him they were geese. The story is in the _Promptuarium Exemplorum_. It was adopted by Boccaccio, from whom it was taken by Lafontaine, liv. iii. conte 1. See _Latin Stories_, edited by Mr. [T.] Wright.'--Bell.

194. From C. T., B 466: '_On many a_ sory _meel_ now _may she bayte_.'

202. Cf. '_Comfort is noon_'; Chaucer's A B C, 17.

207. _how_, however. Cf. 'that _boghten love_ so _dere_'; Legend of Good Women, 258.

229. See the Book of the Duchess, 323-34, where the painted glass windows contain subjects from the Romance of the Rose and others. The story of Dido is common enough; but the reference to Chaucer's Anelida and the false Arcite, is remarkable, especially as it occurs also in XXI. 465 above (p. 395). 'The turtel trewe' is from the Parl. Foules, 577. See the parallel passage in T. G. 44-142, where Lydgate's _first_ example is that of _Dido_, while at the same time he mentions Palamon, Emilie, and Canacee, all from Chaucer.

246. _blew_, blue, the colour of constancy; see l. 248.

250. 'And why that ye ben clothed thus _in blak_?' C. T., A 911.

255. _grene_ only gives an assonance with _here_, not a rime. Green was the colour of inconstancy, and was sometimes used _for despyt_, to use Chaucer's phrase; see note to C. T., F 644 (vol. v. p. 386). White may refer to the White Friars or Carmelites, and russet to the hermits; cf. P. Plowman, C. prol. 3, C. xi. 1.

270. _an ho_, a proclamation commanding silence; see C. T., 2533. Quite distinct from _hue_ (and cry), with which Bell confuses it. A hue and cry was only raised against fleeing criminals.

280. Clearly suggested by the God of Love's stern question in the Legend of Good Women, 315:--'What dostow heer So nigh myn owne flour, so boldely?' At the same time the phrase _fer y-stope in yeres_ is from Chaucer's _somdel stape in age_, C. T., B 4011, on which see the note (vol. v. p. 248). See the next note.

288. Similarly the God of Love pardoned Chaucer (L. G. W. 450), but upon a condition (ib. 548).

290. _serven_, false grammar for _serve_.

302. Here follow the twenty statutes; ll. 302-504. They are evidently expanded from the similar set of injunctions given by Venus to the Knight in The Temple of Glas, ll. 1152-213; as clearly shewn by Schick in his Introduction, p. cxxxi. The similarity extends to the first, second, third, fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fourteenth and eighteenth statutes, which resemble passages found in the Temple of Glas, ll. 1152-213, or elsewhere in the same poem. It is also possible that the author, or Lydgate, or both of them, kept an eye upon Ovid's Art of Love. See also Rom. Rose (Eng. version), 2355-950, which is much to the point.

305. This is also the first injunction in T. G. 1152-3, and is immediately followed by the second, which enjoins _secrecy_. The reader should compare the passages for himself.

311. MS. _synk and flete_; which must of course be corrected to 'sink _or_ flete,' as in Anelida, 182; C. T., A 2397.

317. '_Withoute chaunge_ in parti or in al'; T. G. 1155.

319. The MS. has _brynde_, and Stowe has _brinde_; so I let the reading stand. Morris has _blynde_, and Bell _blind_; neither of them has a note as to the change made. Perhaps _brind_ = _brend_ = burnt, in the sense of 'inflamed by passion'; or it may be an error for _brim_ = _breme_, furious, applied especially to the desire of the boar for the sow. The sense intended is clear enough; we should now write 'base.'

324-5. From C. T., A 2252-3:--

'And on thyn [_Venus'_] _auter_, wher I ryde or go,
I wol don sacrifice, and _fyres bete_.'

329. _passe forby_, to pass by, i.e. to get out of his way; cf. C. T., B 1759, C 668. _an ese_, a relief, a way of escape. There is no difficulty, but all the editions have altered it to _passe, for thereby_, which will not scan.

330. _daungerous_, grudging, reluctant; see C. T., D 514.

332. _of a sight_, of what one may see. _squeymous_ (MS. _squymouse_, Stowe _squmous_), squeamish, particular; see note to C. T., A 3337 (vol. v. p. 102). It is added that when the lady, on her part, was cruel, it was the lover's duty to toss about in bed and weep; cf. T. G. 12:--'The longe nyght _walowing_ to and fro.' 'To _walwe and wepe_'; Troil. i. 699. And see Rom. Rose (Eng. version), 2553-62.

338. Cf. 'Him to complein, that he walk [_read_ welk = walked] so sole'; T. G. 552. And cf. Book Duch. 449; Black Knight, 143; Rom. Rose, 2391-6, 2517-9.

340. Cf. 'as though he roughte nought Of life ne deth'; T. G. 939-40.

344. 'Abide awhile,' T. G. 1203; '_patiently_ t'endure'; T. G. 1267.

347. _helden_, false grammar for _held_. The metre shews that it was intentional.

349. 'Fulli _to obeye_,' T. G. 1151; cf. 1145-50.

360-4. Cf. T. G. 1012-25; especially 'And when I trespas, goodli me correcte'; and 'neuyr yow offende.' And Ovid, Art. Amat. lib. ii. 199-202.

367. _yern_, earn; so _yearne_ in Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; A.S. _geearnian_.

368-9. 'Of _grace and pitè_, and nought of rightwisnes'; T. G. 979.

378. _a-croke_ (MS. _a croke_), awry; see _Acrook_ in the New E. Dict.

379-81. In l. 381, the MS. has _shon_ (shun) distinctly; yet Morris prints _shoue_, and Stowe _showe_, destroying the sense. All have _knowe_ in l. 379, but it should rather be _con_, which gives a perfect rime; for _con_ represents A.S. _cunnan_, to know, and is frequently spelt _cun_; see _Con_ in the New E. Dict. This statute refers to 'the comfort of Sweet-Looking'; see Rom. Rose, 2893-922; Gower, C. A., iii. 26-7.

390. See T. G. 170-1, 1014.

397. 'Yeve hir giftes, and get hir grace'; Rom. Rose, 2699. 'Auro conciliatur amor'; Ovid, Art. Amat. lib. ii. 278.

403. Cf. Rom. Rose, 2568-85.

412. 'And for no tales thin herte not remue'; T. G. 1182. Cf. C. T., A 3163-4; F 1483-5; and XII. 113-9 above (p. 289).

429. 'For love ne wol nat countrepleted be'; Legend of Good Women, 476. 'Quisquis erit cui favet illa, fave'; Ovid, Art. Amat. lib. i. 146.

431. '_Whyt_ was this _crowe_'; C. T., H 133; cf. note to C. T., D 232.

456. Compare the Merchant's Tale; C. T., E 1245.

469. Cf. T. G. 1168-70: 'All trwe louers to relese of her payne,' &c.

475. 'Ai fressh and wel besein'; T. G. 1167. Cf. Rom. Rose, 2279-84. 'Munditiae placeant,' &c.; Ovid, Art. Amat. lib. i. 513.

484. 'Who loveth trewe hath no fatnesse'; Rom. Rose, 2686; 'Arguat et macies animum'; Ovid, Art. Amat. lib. i. 733.

491-504. Cf. Rom. Rose, 2419-39, 2817-20. In particular, ll. 496-7 seem to be actually copied from Rom. Rose, 2819-20: 'or of hir _chere That to thee made thy lady dere_.' This raises the suspicion that the Court of Love was written after 1532.

499. _thou seen_ would be in Latin _tu videatis_; another example of false grammar.

523. _let been_, to let (them) be, to leave off.

526. _kepten been_ (MS. _bene_); so in all the copies; but _kepten_ is the pt. t. plural, as if we should say in Latin _seruauerunt sunt_. Unless, indeed, the _-en_ is meant for the pp. suffix of a strong verb, as if we should make a Latin form _seruatiti_. The scansion shews that this false grammar came from the author.

529. 'Except God and the devil.'

536-7. Solomon and Samson; the usual stock examples. But probably in this case borrowed from Lydgate's Balade, XIV. 4 (p. 295), which is certainly quoted thrice again below.

542. This line is made up from Lydgate's Balade, XIV. 29-33, and 26; so again l. 544 resembles the same, l. 24. And Lydgate merely versifies the medieval proverb: 'Fallere,' &c.; see note to XIV. 29; p. 516.

547. _of kind_, by nature; as in XIV. 29 (p. 296).

550. 'An housbond shal _nat been inquisitif_'; C. T., A 3163.

556. _Citherea_ is right; see l. 50; MS. and Stowe have _Cithera_.

560. 'You that are provided already with a lady.'--Bell. Cf. l. 561.

561-3. _eke_, _lyke_, a permissible rime, at a time when _e_ had gained the mod. E. sound. See note to l. 81 above.

570. See T. G. 143-6. With l. 577, cf. T. G. 50.

580. The reading _blisful_ is certain; it is from T. G. 328:--'O _blisful_ sterre, persant and ful of light.' The author uses _persant_ below, in l. 849.

582. See the second of the interpolated stanzas in T. G., p. 21, ll. 6, 7:--

'Withoute desert; wherefore that ye vouche
To _ponysshe_ hem dewely for here male-bouche.'

586. _loves daunce_; see references in the Glossary to vol. vi., s.v. _Daunce_.

589. In T. G. 144, the lovers are only many a thousand; in the Kingis Quair, st. 78, they are 'mony a' million; here they are a thousand million. Such is evolution.

591. '_redresse_ is elegantly put for _redresser_';--Bell. Then let the credit of it be Lydgate's; cf. '_Redresse_ of sorow, O Citheria'; T. G. 701.

592. Bell prints _yheried_, which is obviously right; but he does not say that both the MS. and Stowe have _I hired_; see Troil. ii. 973, iii. 7, 1804.

593. _loves bond_; founded on Boethius, lib. ii. met. 8, but doubtless taken from Troil. iii. 1766; see note in vol. ii. p. 483.

598, 603. 'Make him teschwe euere synne and vice'; T. G. 450.

611-3. _Celsitude_ and _pulcritude_ are words that savour of the revival of learning. Such words are common in Dunbar, who uses both of them. For _celsitude_, see Dunbar, ed. Small, p. 271, 76, and p. 325, 25; for _pulcritude_, see the same, p. 271, 74; p. 274, 2; p. 279, 5. He even rimes them together; p. 271. Hawes also uses _pulchritude_; Pastime of Pleasure, ed. Wright, pp. 5, 18.

614. Cf. '_Comparisoun may noon y-maked be_'; Legend of Good Women, 122.

623. _fere_, fire (not fear); as in Troil. iii. 978.

628. _Beseech_, to beseech; note the anachronism in using the French infin. _void-en_ with a suffix, and the Eng. _beseech_ with none at all.

634. _ure_, destiny; from O.F. _eur_, Lat. _augurium_. A word that first appeared in Northern English; it occurs at least eight times in Barbour's Bruce. And in the Kingis Quair, st. 10, we have the whole phrase--'my fortúne and ure.' It is also used by Lydgate; see VIII. 151, 302, 482 (pp. 250, 254, 260).

641. An exact repetition of l. 633 above.

642. Here, for a wonder, is an example of the final _e_; the author took the whole phrase 'In thilk-ë place' from some previous author; cf. 'In thilke places' (_sic_); Rom. Rose, 660 (Thynne). _sign_, assign.

648. 'Bi god and be my trouthe'; T. G. 1011.

683. '_And holden werre_ alwey with chastitee'; C. T., A 2236.

684. _I kepen_; false grammar; equivalent to Lat. _ego curamus_.

688. _yove_, gave; but in l. 690 the form is _gave_. I suspect that in l. 690, _gave_ should be _gan_, and that _image_ (for _images_) is to be taken as a genitive case; then the sense is--'And I began anon to ponder and weigh in my heart her image's fresh beauty.'

701. The idea is due to Chaucer's Compleynt to Pity; cf. l. 1324.

702. Cf. 'Him deyneth nat to _wreke him on a flye_'; Legend of Good Women, 381.

703. _eke him_, him also; but perhaps read _ete him_.

704. Cf. 'and tendre herte'; C. T., A 150.

725. _springen_; false grammar, as it is a plural form.

727. _endry_, suffer, endure; so again in l. 941. This ridiculous hybrid is rightly excluded from the New E. Dict., which gives, however, several similar formations. It was coined by prefixing the F. prefix _en-_, with an intensive force, to M.E. _drien_, variant of _dreogen_, to endure (A.S. _dr[=e]ogan_), Lowl. Sc. _dree_. No other author uses it.

732. _spede_, succeed; Stowe's alteration to _speke_ is unnecessary.

749. 'How are you the nearer for loving,' &c.

751. _fayn_, put for _feyn_, i.e. feign, tell an untruth.

755. _heth_, heath. Here, and in l. 757, the author refers to two occasions when he was in great danger of falling in love; but he does not go into details.

768. Here we must read _ee_ (eye) for the rime; in other cases it appears as _eye_, _ye_, _y_, riming with words in _-y_. This points to a somewhat late date; see note to l. 81 above. As for _stremes_, it is Lydgate's word for glances of the eye; see T. G. 263, 582. And Lydgate had it from Chaucer, who mostly uses it of sunbeams, but twice applies it to the beams from the eyes of Criseyde; Troil. i. 305, iii. 129.

782. _flawe_, generally explained as representing Lat. _flauus_, yellowish, or the O.F. _flave_, with the same sense. Her hair was gold, so her eyebrows may have been of a similar colour. I suspect that _flawe_ was a Northern form; cf. _braw_, as a Northern variant of _brave_.

783. _mene disseverance_, a moderate distance; evidently meant with reference to Criseyde, whose one demerit was that her eye-brows joined each other; Troil. v. 813.

787. _milk-whyt path_, the galaxy, or milky way; but surely this is quite a unique application of it, viz. to the prominent ridge of Rosial's nose.

789. _smaragde_, emerald. The eyes of Beatrice are called _smeraldi_; Dante, Purg. xxxi. 116. Juliet's nurse said that an eagle's eye was not so green as that of Paris; Romeo, iii. 5. 222. Eyes in Chaucer are usually 'as gray as glas'; the O.F. _vair_, an epithet for eyes, meant grayish-blue.

797. _basse_, kiss, buss; see _Bass_ in the New E. Dict. _ben_ is yet another instance of a false concord; read _be_, as _basse_ is singular. See next note.

798. Cornelius Maximianus Gallus, a poet of the sixth century, wrote six elegies which have come down to us. The quotation referred to occurs in the first Elegy (ll. 97-8), which is also quoted by Chaucer; see note to C. T., C 727 (vol. v. p. 287). The lines are:--

'Flammea dilexi, modicumque tumentia labra,
Quae mihi gustanti basia plena darent.'

Hence the epithet _Flaming_ in l. 793.

810. _bend_, a band, sash; see New E. Dict., s.v. _Bend_ (2), sb., 1. a.

811. 'With hair in tresses'; like Criseyde's; see Troil. v. 810.

813. Cf. the Assembly of Ladies, 533-4 (p. 397):--

'_Aboute her nekke_ a sort of faire _rubyes_
In whyte _floures_ of right fyne enamayl.'

See also the Kingis Quair, st. 48.

815-6. See my note to Ch. Minor Poems, XXI. 20 (vol. i. p. 566).

821. _Calixto_, Callisto; called _Calixte_ in Parl. Foules, 286. The story is in Ovid, Met. ii. 409, _Alcmenia_, Alcmene, mother of Hercules; see Ovid, Met. ix. 281; cf. Troil. iii. 1428; T. G. 123.

823. _Europa_, the story is in Ovid, Met. ii. 858. See Legend of Good Women, 113, and the note; T. G. 118.

824. _Dane_, Danae, mother of Perseus; see Ovid, Met. iv. 610. In Chaucer, C. T., A 2062, _Dane_ means Daphne. _Antiopa_, mother of Amphion and Zethus; it may be noted that Jupiter's intrigues with Europa, Antiopa, Alcmene, and Danae, are all mentioned together in Ovid, Met. vi. 103-13. It follows that our author had read Ovid.

831. '_There is no lak, saue_ onli of pitè'; T. G. 749.

841. The word _the_ was probably written like _ye_, giving, apparently, the reading _ye ye_; then one of these was dropped. The long passage in ll. 841-903 may be compared with the pleadings of the lover in La Belle Dame sans Merci (p. 307, above); with T. G. 970-1039; and with the Kingis Quair, st. 99. Note the expression 'of beaute rote,' T. G. 972; and '_Princes_ of youthe,' T. G. 970 (two lines above); see l. 843.

849. _persant_, piercing; common in Lydgate; T. G. 328, 756, 1341; Black Knight, 28, 358, 591, 613. Cf. 'And _with_ the _stremes of your percyng_ light'; Kingis Quair, 103.

852-3. Cf. T. G. 1038-9; Kingis Quair, st. 103, l. 7.

858. 'Of verrey routhe upon my peynes rewe'; T. G. 1001.

865. 'To love him best ne shal I _never repente_'; The Compleynt of Venus, 56, 64, 72. See note to l. 875.

872-3. Referring to Ch. Troilus, and Legend of Good Women, 580. 'To ben as trewe as was Antonyus To Cleopatre'; T. G. 778.

874. _thinkes_; observe this Northern form.

875. 'And therfore, certes, _to myn ending-day_'; The Compleynt of Venus, 55. See note to l. 865.

882. _expert_, experienced; 'expert in love,' Troil. ii. 1367.

891. 'With al my hert I thanke yow _of youre profre_'; T. G. 1060.

897. Read _I_; this the scribe must have mistaken for the contraction for 'and.'

901. 'And I beseech you not to be disdainful.'

902. _seen my wil_, to see what I wish; but surely _wil_ is an error for _bill_, petition; see l. 916. Then _rede_ means 'read it.'

906. _com of_, be quick; see Troil. ii. 1738, 1742, 1750; and the numerous examples in Schick's note to T. G. 1272.

911. Stowe, like the MS., ends the line with _why_. Bell supplied _makes thou straunge_.

913. _Cambrige_; this form is not found till after 1400. Chaucer has _Cant-e-brigg-e_ (C. T., A 3921) in four syllables, which appears as _Cambrugge_ in the late Lansdowne MS., after 1420. See Skeat, A Student's Pastime, pp. 397-8.

922. _and have_, i.e. and have loved. On this construction, see Schick's note to T. G. 1275.

925-7. _I ... doon_; more false grammar; equivalent to Lat. _ego faciamus_.

929. 'And, whan I trespace, goodli _me correcte_'; T. G. 1018.

931-52. Compare the answers of the lady in La Belle Dame sans Merci (p. 309, &c.).

988-9. Cf. Parl. Foules, 90-1; Compl. to his Lady, 47-9.

998. _dwale_, an opiate, a sleeping-draught; made from the _dwale_ or 'deadly nightshade' (_Atropa belladonna_). It occurs once in Chaucer; C. T., A 4161. See my note to P. Plowman, C. xxiii. 379.

1000. _y-wis afrayed_, (being) certainly frightened. The use of _y-wis_ in such a position is most unusual.

1016-7. 'Right as the fressh[e] rodi rose nwe Of hir coloure to wexin she bigan'; T. G. 1042-3.

1023. Something is lost here. There is no gap in the MS.; but there was probably one in the MS. from which it was copied. I think six stanzas are lost; see the Introduction.

1032-3. 'And their fellow-furtherer,' i.e. fellow-helper.

1034. _Dred_ is one of the personifications from the Roman de la Rose; see Rom. Rose, 3958; so in T. G. 631.

1040. 'Gall under honey'; see l. 542 above. Cf. T. G. 192.

1042. 'Lay aside your confidence (courage), for all her white (flattering) words'; cf. Troil. iii. 901.

1045. _thow wot_, false grammar for _thou wost_.

1049. _The ton_ = _thet on_, the one; _the toder_ = _thet oder_, the other. _Oder_ is a remarkable form; see Halliwell. So also _brodur_, in Le Bon Florence of Rome, ed. Ritson, 931.

1053-4. 'Hir kind is fret with doublenesse'; XIII. 80 (p. 293).

1055. 'So I cast about to get rid of Despair's company'; hence _taken_, in l. 1056, is in the infin. mood.

1058. _bay-window_; cf. Assembly of Ladies, 163. The earliest known quotation for _bay-window_ is dated 1428, in a prosaic document.

1060. 'As any ravenes _fether_ it shoon _for-blak_'; spoken of hair; C. T., A 2144.

1065. 'Ther needeth non _auctoritee allegge_'; C. T., A 3000.

1072. Cf. Troil. ii. 855-61.

1083. _were_, wear; altered by Bell to _ware_, which is a form of the past tense.

1087. _she_ seems to be spoken casually of some woman in the company; and _prety man_, in l. 1088, is used in a similar way.

_goth on patens_, walks in pattens. A very early example of the word _paten_. It occurs in Palsgrave (1530). _fete_, neat, smart; used by Lydgate; see _Feat_ in the New E. Dict.

1095. Here the author comes back again to the Temple of Glas, 143-246, which see; and cf. The Kingis Quair, stanzas 79-93.

1096. _black_, Dominican friars; _white_, Carmelites; _gray_, Franciscans.

1100. From T. G. 196-206; for the nuns, see T. G. 207-8.

1104. '_In wide_ copis _perfeccion to feine_'; T. G. 204. See l. 1116.

1106. 'That _on hir freendis al the_ wite they leide'; T. G. 208.

1116. '_In wide copis_ perfeccion to feine'; T. G. 204.

1134. '_Ther thou were weel_, fro thennes artow weyved'; C. T., B 308.

1136. Cf. 'With sobbing teris, and with ful pitous soune'; T. G. 197.

1139. Cf. 'And other eke, that for _pouertè_'; T. G. 159.

1150. _prang_, pang (MS. _prange_; and so in Stowe); altered to _pang_ by Bell and Morris. '_Pronge_, Erumpna' [aerumna]; Prompt. Parv. '_Throwe_ [throe], _womannys pronge_, Erumpna'; the same. '_Prange_, oppression, or constraint'; Hexham's Dutch Dict. Cf. Gothic: 'in allamma _ana-pragganai_,' we were troubled on every side, 2 Cor. vii. 5; where _gg_ is written for _ng_, as in Greek. The mod. E. _pang_ seems to have been made out of it, perhaps by confusion with _pank_, to pant.

1160, 1164. 'And pitousli _on god and kynde pleyne_'; T. G. 224. But the context requires the reading _god of kind_, i.e. God of nature. In l. 1166, _leften_ must be meant for a pp.; if so, it is erroneously formed, just like _kepten_ above; see note to l. 526.

1173. _werdes_, Fates; obviously the right reading; yet the MS., Stowe, and Morris have _wordes_, and Bell alters the line. The confusion between _e_ and _o_ at this time is endless. See _Werdes_, _Wierdes_ in the Gloss. to Chaucer.

1177. _he_, another of the company; cf. _she_ in l. 1087. Both Morris and Bell alter the text. Bell reminds us that the character here described is that of Shakespeare's Benedict. But it is obviously copied from Troilus! see Troil. i. 904-38.

1189. The word _post_ is from Troil. i. 1000: 'That thou shalt be the beste _post_, I leve, Of al his lay.'

1198. _Shamefastness_, Bashfulness; borrowed from _Honte_ in the Rom. de la Rose, 2821; called _Shame_ in the E. version, 3034. Hence the reference to _roses_ in l. 1203, though it comes in naturally enough.

1211. _were not she_, if it had not been for her.

1213. _returnith_, turns them back again; used transitively.

1218. 'When Bashfulness is dead, Despair will be heir' (will succeed in her place). Too bold lovers would be dismissed.

1219. _Avaunter_, Boaster; as in Troil. iii. 308-14. The line sounds like an echo of 'Have at thee, Jason! now thyn horn is blowe!' Legend of Good Women, 1383.

1222. _wowe_, woo; evidently the right reading; so in Morris. Cf. The Letter of Cupid, V. 274-80 (p. 226).

1238. _statut_, i.e. the sixteenth statute (l. 435).

1242. '_Avauntour_ and _a lyere_, al is on'; Troil. iii. 309.

1253. _sojoure_, sojourn, dwell, used quite wrongly; for O.F. _sojur_ (originally _sojorn_) is a sb. only, like mod. F. _séjour_. The O.F. verb was _sojorner_, _sojourner_, whence M.E. _sojornen_, _sojournen_, correctly used by Chaucer. The sb. _sojour_ occurs in Rom. Rose, 4282, 5150. The mistake is so bad that even the scribe has here written _soiorne_; but, unluckily, this destroys the rime.

1255. 'Envy is admirably represented as rocking himself to and fro with vexation, as he sits, dark, in a corner.'--Bell. For all this, I suspect the right word is _rouketh_, i.e. cowers, as in C. T., A 1308. _Rokken_ is properly transitive, as in C. T., A 4157.

1257. For the description of Envy, see Rom. Rose, 247. But the author (in l. 1259) refers us to Ovid, Met. ii. 775-82, q. v.

1259. _Methamorphosose_; this terrible word is meant for _Metamorphoseos_, the form used by Chaucer, C. T., B 93. But the true ending is _-e[=o]n_, gen. pl. The scribe has altered the suffix to _-ees_, thus carelessly destroying the rime.

1268. _Prevy Thought_ is taken from _Doux-Pensers_ in the Rom. de la Rose, 2633, called _Swete-Thought_ in the E. Version, 2799; see the passage.

1288. Cf. 'Hir person he shal afore him sette'; R. R. 2808.

1290. Cf. 'This comfort wol I that thou take'; R. R. 2821.

1295. Cf. 'Awey his anger for to dryve'; R. R. 2800.

1315. Schick refers us, for this fiction, to the Rom. Rose, 939-82, where Cupid has two sets of arrows, one set of _gold_, and the other set _black_. Gower, Conf. Amantis (ed. Pauli, i. 336), says that Cupid shot Phoebus with a dart of _gold_, but Daphne with a dart of _lead_. In the Kingis Quair, stanzas 94-5, Cupid has _three_ arrows, one of _gold_, one of _silver_, and one of _steel_. But the fact is, that our author, like Gower, simply followed Ovid, Met. i. 470-1. Let Dryden explain it:--

'One shaft is pointed with refulgent gold
To bribe the love, and make the lover bold;
One blunt, and tipped with lead, whose base allay
Provokes disdain, and drives desire away.'

1317. There is here a gap in the story. The speaker is Rosial, and she is addressing Philogenet, expressing herself favourably.

1319-20. _hight_, promised. _had_, would have.

1324. _she_, i.e. Pity, as in l. 701.

1328. MS. _tender reich_; Stowe, _tenderiche_; which must be wrong; read _tender reuth_. Confusion between _ch_ and _th_ is common. _where I found_, where I (formerly) found much lack.

1332. For Pity's golden shrine, see l. 694.

1353. This notion of making the birds sing matins and lauds is hinted at in the Cuckoo and Nightingale--'That they begonne of May _to don hir houres_'; l. 70. It is obviously varied from Chaucer's Parl. Foules, where all the birds sing a roundel before departing. Next, we find the idea expanded by Lydgate, in the poem called Devotions of the Fowls; Minor Poems, ed. Halliwell, p. 78; the singers are the popinjay, the pelican, the nightingale, the lark, and the dove. All these reappear here, except the pelican. A chorus of birds, including the mavis, merle, lark, and nightingale, is introduced at the close of Dunbar's Thistle and Rose. The present passage was probably suggested by Lydgate's poem, but is conceived in a lighter vein.

The Latin quotations are easily followed by comparing them with The Prymer, or Lay Folks' Prayer-Book, ed. Littlehales (E. E. T. S.). They all appear in this 'common medieval Prayer-book'; and, in particular, in the Matins and Lauds of the Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Matins end at l. 1407. The Matins contain:--the opening, the _Venite_, a Hymn, three Psalms, an Antiphon, Versicles and Responses, three Lessons (each with Versicles and Responses), and the _Te Deum_. The Lauds contain:--the opening, eight Psalms (the _Benedicite_ considered as one), Antiphon, Chapter, Hymn, the _Benedictus_; &c. I point out the correspondences below.

1354. Observe that the nightingale sings _in a hawthorn_ in the Cuckoo and Nightingale, 287 (p. 358).

1356. _Domine, labia mea aperies_, Lord, open thou my lips; 'the opening' of Matins.

1358. _bewrye_, a variant of _bewreye_, to bewray; used by Dunbar.

1359. _Venite, exultemus_, Ps. xcv (Vulgate, xciv); still in use.

1362. 'The unhappy chorister who comes late skulks in behind the desks and stalls.'--Bell.

1364. _Domine, Dominus noster_, Ps. viii. The 'first psalm.'

1366. _Celi enarrant_, Ps. xix (Vulgate, xviii). The 'second psalm.'

1370. _Domini est terra_, Ps. xxiv (Vulgate, xxiii). The 'third psalm.' _this Laten intent_, this Latin signifies; _intent_ is the contracted form of _intendeth_; by analogy with _went_ for _wendeth_.

1372. A queer reminiscence of Troil. iii. 690:--'There was no more to _skippen nor to_ traunce.'

1373. _Jube, Domine, benedicere_, 'Lord, comaunde us to blesse'; versicle preceding the first lesson; which explains l. 1374.

1375. Cf. 'Legende of Martres'; Letter of Cupid, 316 (p. 227); and the note.

1380. Here follows the second lesson. The _lectorn_ is the mod. E. lectern, which supports the book from which the lessons are read.

1384. 'The glad month of us who sing.' Cf. 'lepten _on the spray_'; Cuckoo and Nightingale, 77 (p. 350).

1387. Here follows the third lesson, read by the dove.

1390. This looks like an allusion to the endless joke upon cuckolds, who are said, in our dramatists, to 'wear the horn'; which the offender is said 'to give.' If so, it is surely a very early allusion. Here _give an horn_ = to scorn, mock.

1400. _Tu autem, domine, miserere nobis_, 'thou, lord, have merci of us,' said at the conclusion of each lesson; to which all responded _Deo gratias_, 'thanke we god!' See The Prymer, p. 5.

1401. _Te deum amoris_; substituted for _Te deum laudamus_, which is still in use; which concludes the matins.

1402. _Tuball_, who was supposed to have been 'the first musician.' As to this error, see note in vol. i. p. 492 (l. 1162).

1408. _Dominus regnavit_, Ps. xciii (Vulgate, xcii); the 'first psalm' at Lauds.

1411. _Jubilate deo_, Ps. c (Vulgate, xcix); the 'second psalm.' The third and fourth psalms are not mentioned.

1413. _Benedicite, omnia opera_; still in use in our morning service; counted as the 'fifth psalm.'

1415. _Laudate dominum_, Ps. cxlviii; the 'sixth psalm.' The seventh and eighth are passed over.

1416. _O admirabile_; the anthem. The E. version is:--'O thou wonderful chaunge! the makere of mankynde, takynge a bodi with a soule of a maide vouchide sauf be bore [_born_]; and so, forth-goynge man, with-outen seed, yaf to us his godhede'; Prymer, p. 12. The 'chapter' and hymn are omitted.

1422. _Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel_; still in use in our morning service. This is the last extract from 'the hours.'

1434. 'She gadereth floures, _party_ whyte and rede To make a sotil _garland_'; C. T., A 1053.

1436. This is exactly like 'the battle of the flowers,' as seen in Italy.

1437. _the gold_, the marigold; see C. T., A 1929.

1440. _trew-love_; a name for herb paris (_Paris quadrifolia_). But as the 'true-love' is described as being _plited_, i.e. folded, it must rather be supposed to mean a true lover's knot or love-knot, which was simply a bow of ribbon given as a token of affection, and frequently worn by the lover afterwards. The bestowal of this token nearly made an end of him.

§ XXV. VIRELAI.

Not a true virelay, as the ending _-ing_ does not reappear in the second stanza; for a correct example, see note to Anelida and Arcite, 256 (vol. i. p. 536). But it is of the nature of a virelay, inasmuch as the rime _-ate_, which concludes the first stanza, reappears in the second; and similarly, the ending _-ure_, which concludes the second stanza, reappears in the third; and so on, with the rime-endings _-ain_ and _-aunce_. Compare the poem by Lord Rivers, in the same metre, alluded to in vol. i. p. 42.

11. _ure_, destiny; as above, sect. XXIV. 634 (and note, p. 546).

20. The pronunciation of _ende_ as _ind_ is not uncommon in East Anglia, and may have been intended.

§ XXVI. PROSPERITY.

From John Walton's translation of Boethius, A.D. 1410. See the Introduction.

§ XXVII. LEAULTE VAULT RICHESSE.

From the same MS. as the last.

7. _don but lent_, lit. 'done but lent,' i.e. merely lent (you). For this idiom, see note to Ch. C. T., B 171 (vol. v. p. 145).

§ XXVIII. SAYINGS.

5. Cf. Shak. King Lear, iii. 2. 91; see the Introduction.

§ XXIX. BALADE.

This Balade, printed by Stowe, seems like a poor imitation of the style of Lydgate.

* * * * *

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

References to I. (The Testament of Love) are to the Book, Chapter, and Line; thus 'I. ii. 1. 7' = Testament of Love, bk. ii. ch. 1. l. 7. References containing '_pr._' refer to the prologue to the same. In all other cases, the references are to the piece and to the line: thus 'V. 50' = Letter of Cupid, l. 50.

A, _v._ have, I. i. 2. 173; _ger._ I. i. 5. 93.

A DEBLYS, (_perhaps_) to the devil, as if devoted to the devil, I. ii. 13. 99. See the note.

A DEWE, (_perhaps for_ à dieu), I. ii. 13. 99. See the note.

A THIS HALFE, on this side, below, I. i. 9. 39.

A. B. C., _s._ alphabet, I. ii. 1. 113.

ABACKE, _adv._ backward, III. 300; Abakke, VIII. 326.

ABBEYS, _s. pl._ abbeys, XXIV. 1115.

ABEISEN, _v._ (_for_ Abasen), abase, put down, reprove, XXIV. 738.

ABIT, _pr. s._ abides, IV. 284; XIII. 30.

ABLE, _imp. s._ enable, VII. 32; Abled, _pp._ I. ii. 9. 95; fitted, I. ii. 6. 4.

ABODE, _2 pt. s._ didst abide, I. ii. 4. 101; Abood, _pt. s._ remained, I. i. 5. 31.

ABOUTEN, _adv._ all about, all round, I. ii. 8. 37.

ABREGGE, _ger._ to abridge, shorten, XIX. 18.

ABREYDE, _ger._ to start up, awake, VIII. 15; Abraid, _pt. s._ started, went suddenly, XVII. 45; Abrayde, awoke, VIII. 154.

ABYDINGE, _s._ waiting, delay, I. i. 3. 38.

ABYE, _v._ pay for (it), II. 1233; pay for, II. 1199.

ABYME, _s._ the abyss, X. 136.

A-CALE, _pp. as adj._ frozen, afflicted with the cold, II. 71.

ACCEPT, _pp._ accepted (as), I. ii. 13. 36; Accepte, _as adj. pl._ accepted, VIII. 427.

ACCES, _s._ feverish attack, VIII. 229; XVIII. 39; Accesse, VIII. 136.

ACCIDENT, _s._ accidental quality, I. ii. 7. 144; accident, II. 1222.

ACCOMPTE, _1 pr. s._ account, I. ii. 13. 91; _pp._ I. ii. 9. 48.

ACCOMPTES, _s. pl._ accounts, II. 778.

ACCORD, _s._ agreement, XVIII. 280.

ACCORDAUNCE, _s._ agreement, I. ii. 5. 27.

ACCORDAUNT, _adj._ agreeing, XVIII. 83.

ACCORDE, _ger._ to agree, to rime, II. 477; _pr. s._ suits, VIII. 183; _2 pr. pl._ agree, III. 212; _pr. pl._ I. ii. 5. 26; _pres. pt._ XX. 112. See ACORDE.

ACERTAINED, _pp._ made sure, informed, XX. 568.

ACHATES, _s. pl._ purchases, I. ii. 2. 48.

ACOMERED, _pp._ encumbered, I. iii. 5. 57; troubled, I. iii. 7. 41.

ACOMPT, _v._ reckon, I. ii. 10. 88.

ACORDAUNCES, _s. pl._ agreements, I. ii. 8. 54.

ACORDE, _ger._ to agree, I. ii. 8. 47; _pr. s._ I. ii. 2. 52; _pr. pl._ IX. 210; _a. nothing_, in no wise agree, I. ii. 2. 74.

ACORN, _s._ acorn, VIII. 73.

A-CROKE, _adv._ amiss, XXIV. 378.

A-DAYES, _adv._ by day-time, XXII. 34.

ADHERAND, _pres. pt._ cleaving, I. i. 9. 103.

ADMIRALL, _s._ prince, chief, II. 194.

ADNULLED, _pp._ annulled, I. iii. 3. 49.

ADNULLINGE, _s._ annulling, I. i. 4. 22.

ADO, to do, VIII. 161.

A-DOWN, _adv._ down here, II. 1319.

A-DRAD, _pp._ afraid, I. ii 7. 61; IV. 89; filled with fear, I. i. 2. 12, 182.

ADULACIOUN, _s._ flattery, XII. 61.

ADVERSAIR, _s._ adversary, XXIV. 1035.

ADVERTENCE, _s._ attention, XI. 61.

ADVERTETH, _imp. pl._ heed, note, XIII. 45.

A-FERD, _pp._ afraid, II. 433; Aferde, I. i. 2. 10.

A-FERE, on fire, X. 129.

A-FERRE, _adv._ afar, VIII. 610.

AFFECT, _s._ desire, I. iii. 9. 43.

AFFECTUOUSLY, _adv._ with desire, I. iii. 6. 64.

AFFERMED, _pp._ affirmed, IV. 13.

AFFICHED, _pp._ fixed, set, I. ii. 9. 28.

AFFIRMATIF, _s._ the affirmative, I. iii. 8. 40.

AFFRAY, _s._ conflict, trouble, XX. 374.

AFFRAYED, _pp._ frightened away, XVIII. 235; frightened, XXIV. 1000.

AFFY, _v._ trust, XXVII. 3; Affye, _pr. pl._ X. 63.

AFORN, _adv._ previously, VIII. 451; X. 107.

AFRAY, _ger._ to frighten, II. 859.

AFTER, _adv._ afterwards, XVI. 380; After as, according as, I. i. _pr._ 44.

AFTER, _prep._ for, I. ii. 3. 35; i.e. to get, I. ii. 14. 94; After oon, i.e. always alike, XVI. 161.

AFTER-GAME, _s._ second game, return-match, XVI. 523.

AFTER-REWARD, _s._ following reward, I. iii. 2. 123.

AGADRED, _pp._ gathered together, II. 1335.

AGASTETH, _pr. s._ frightens greatly, I. ii. 7. 77.

AGILTED, _pt. s._ sinned against, II. 1308.

AGNELET, _s._ little lamb, X. 123.

AGNUS-CASTUS (see the note, p. 531), XX. 160.