Chapter I: Front Matter

CHILE
TODAY AND TOMORROW

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THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS · ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO

MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED
LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA · MELBOURNE

THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD.
TORONTO

CHILE
TODAY AND TOMORROW

BY

L. E. ELLIOTT

AUTHOR OF “BRAZIL: TODAY AND TOMORROW,” “BLACK GOLD,” ETC.

=New York=
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1922
_All rights reserved_

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

COPYRIGHT, 1922,
BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

Set up and printed. Published October, 1922.

Press of J. J. Little & Ives Company
New York

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
PAGE
CHILE, TODAY AND TOMORROW 1
Physical Characteristics—North, South, and Central
Chile—Brilliant Hues—Climate—Wet and Dry Seasons—Social
Problems—Far-flung Cities—Formation of Character—Animals and
Plants.

CHAPTER II

CHILEAN HISTORY 20
Inca Rule and Native Chiefs—Spanish Colonial Period—The Fight
for Independence—Republican Chile.

CHAPTER III

STRANGERS ON THE PACIFIC COAST 72
Drake and the _Golden Hind_—Thomas Cavendish—The Narborough
Expedition—Sharp and Dampier—Captain Betagh—The Loss of the
_Wager_—Juan and Ulloa—Resident Foreigners—Strangers and
Independence.

CHAPTER IV

THE INQUISITION IN CHILE 106
Escobar—Aguirre—Sarmiento—European Corsairs—Decay of Power.

CHAPTER V

THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN 116
The First Navigators: Magellan, Sebastian del Cano, Loaysa,
Alcazaba—Sarmiento—The City of Philip—Cavendish—Port Famine
and Punta Arenas.

CHAPTER VI

THE TACNA QUESTION 135
The Storm Centre—Indeterminate Position of Tacna—Peru and
Chile—Boundary Problem—Guano and Nitrate—The War of
1879—Treaties—Appeal to the League of Nations—Discussions at
Washington.

CHAPTER VII

MINING 150
The Nitrate Industry—Copper—Iron—Gold and
Silver—Coal—Petroleum—Borax, Sulphur, Manganese, etc.

CHAPTER VIII

AGRICULTURE 199
Area under Cultivation—Oases in the Desert—Farming in Central
Chile—Vineyards—Wheatfields, Orchards and
Sheepfarms—Irrigation Canals.

CHAPTER IX

FOREST AND WOODLAND 220
Extent—Beech, Conifer and Bamboo—Trees in Northern and Central
Chile—Plantations.

CHAPTER X

COMMERCE 226
Home Factories—Chilean Market Needs—Sales to Foreign
Countries—Foreign Firms in Chile—Trade-marks.

CHAPTER XI

TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 243
Railroads—The Transandine Line—Sea Transport—Rivers and
Lakes—Roads.

CHAPTER XII

FINANCE 272
Conversion Fund—Currency—Debts—Public Revenues.

CHAPTER XIII

CHILE’S NAVAL POSITION 283
Chile and the World War—Strength of the Chilean Navy—The Army.

CHAPTER XIV

IMMIGRATION 291
The First Immigrants of the South—Araucanian Lands.

CHAPTER XV

CHILEAN LITERATURE 298
Conditions of Authorship—Historians—Politicians, Engineers and
Novelists—The Society Novel—Realistic School—Poets.

CHAPTER XVI

NATIVE RACES OF CHILE 309
Inca Control—Racial Divisions—The Southern
Tribes—Araucanians—Race Mixture—Archæology.

CHAPTER XVII

EASTER ISLAND 322
A Lost Culture—Fate of the Islanders—The Statues—The Bird
Cult—Wooden Carvings.