Chapter XVIII: Forgeries and Imitations (1)

With their intense veneration for the antique, it is only natural that the Chinese should excel in imitative work, and a great deal of ingenuity has been quite legitimately exercised by them in this direction. The amateur will sometimes have difficulty in distinguishing the clever copies from the originals, but in most cases the material and the finish of the work frankly belong to a later period, and sometimes all doubt is removed at once by a mark indicating the true period of manufacture. But the collector has to be on his guard against a very different kind of article, the spurious antique and the old piece which has been “improved” by the addition of more elaborate decoration or by an inscription which, if genuine, would give it historic importance. The latter kind of embellishment is specially common on the early potteries of the Han and T’ang periods. Genuine specimens taken from excavated tombs have often been furnished with dates and dedicatory legends cut into the body of the ware and then doctored, to give the appearance of contemporary incisions. But a careful examination of the edges of the channelled lines will show that they have been cut subsequently to the firing of the ware, when the clay was already hard. Had the inscription been cut when the pot was made, it would have been incised in a soft unfired substance, like the writing of a stylus in wax, and the edges of the lines would be forced up and slightly bulging; and if the ware is glazed, some of the glaze will be found in the hollows of the inscription. There are, besides, minor frauds in the nature of repairs. Pieces of old pottery, for instance, are fitted into a broken Han jar; the lost heads and limbs of T’ang figures are replaced from other broken specimens, and defective parts are made up in plaster. Such additions are often carefully concealed by daubs of clay similar to that with which the buried specimen had become encrusted. Further than this, Han and T’ang figures have been recently manufactured in their entirety, and mention has already been made (Vol. I., p. 27) of a factory at Honan Fu, where figures and vases with streaked and mottled glazes, fantastic ewers with phœnix-spouts and wing-like excrescences, and the like, are made with indifferent skill.

The collector of Sung and Yüan wares, too, has many difficulties to surmount. The fine imitations made from the Yung Chêng period onwards, both in pottery and porcelain, fortunately are often marked; but sometimes the mark has been carefully removed by grinding, and the scar made up to look like the natural surface. The imitative wares made in Kuangtung, at Yi-hsing, and in various Japanese factories have been already discussed in the sections concerned; and there is pottery with lavender blue, “old turquoise” and splashed glazes resembling the Chün types, but made at the present day in Honan and elsewhere, which is likely to deceive the beginner. The commonest kind has a buff earthen body which is usually washed with a dull brown clay on the exposed parts. But such obstacles as these add zest to the collector’s sport, and they are not really hard to surmount if a careful study be made of the character of authentic specimens. The eye can be easily trained to the peculiarities both of the originals and of the various imitative types, and no one who is prepared to take a little trouble need be afraid of attacking this fascinating part of Chinese ceramics.

The _T’ao lu_[529] quotes an interesting note on the repairing of antique wares: “In the _Chu ming yao_ it is stated with regard to old porcelain (_tz’ŭ_), such as (incense-) vessels which are wanting in handles or feet, and vases damaged at the mouth and edge, that men take old porcelain to patch the old, adding a glazing preparation, and giving the piece one firing. When finished it is like an old piece, and all uniform, except that the patched part is dull in colour. But still people prefer these specimens to modern wares. If the process of blowing the glaze on to (the joint of the repair) is used in patching old wares, the patch is still more difficult to trace. As for specimens with flaws (_mao_), I am told that on the Tiger Hill in Su-chou there are menders who have earned the name of _chin_ (close-fitters).” The collector knows only too well that there are “close-fitters” in Europe as well as in China.

Apart from the numerous instances in which early Ming marks[530] have been indiscriminately added to later wares, the careful copies and imitations of true Ming types are comparatively few. Among the imitative triumphs of the Yung Chêng potters a few specialties are named, such as blue and white of the Hsüan Tê and the Chia Ching periods, and the enamelled decoration of the Ch’êng Hua and Wan Li, but reference has already been made to these in their respective chapters. The modern Chinese potters make indifferent reproductions of Ming types; and the most dangerous are those of the Japanese, who from the eighteenth century onward seem to have taken the sixteenth century Chinese porcelains as their model. The Chia Ching and Wan Li marks are common on these reproductions, which often catch the tone and spirit of the Ming ware with disquieting exactitude. A well-trained eye and a knowledge of the peculiarities of Japanese workmanship are the only protection against this type of imitation.

The high esteem in which the K’ang Hsi porcelains are now held has naturally invited imitation and fraud. The ordinary modern specimen with a spurious K’ang Hsi mark is, as a rule, feeble and harmless, and even the better class of Chinese and Japanese imitations of the blue and white and enamelled porcelains of this period are, as a rule, so wide of the mark as to deceive only the inexperienced. Many frauds, however, have been perpetrated with French copies of _famille verte_, of _famille rose_ “ruby-back” dishes, and of vases with armorial decoration. These are cleverly made, but the expert will see at once that the colours and the drawing lack the true Oriental quality, and that the ware itself is too white and cold. Clever copies of Oriental porcelain, especially of the _famille rose_, have also been made at Herend, in Hungary. But perhaps the most dangerous Continental copies are some of the French-made monochromes of dark blue and lavender colours, with or without crackle, fitted with ormolu mounts in eighteenth century style, which conceal the tell-tale base. Monochromes are, as a rule, the most difficult porcelains to date, and the well-made modern Chinese and Japanese _sang de bœuf_, apple green, and peach bloom are liable to cause trouble, especially when the surface has been carefully rubbed and given the appearance of wear and usage. The expert looks to the truth of the form, the finish of the base, and the character of the clay exposed at the foot rim, and judges if in these points the piece comes up to the proper standard.

But without doubt the most insidious of all the fraudulent wares are those which have been redecorated. I do not refer to the clobbered[531] and retouched polychromes or to the powder blue and mirror black on which the gilding has been renewed, but to the devilish ingenuity which takes a piece of lightly decorated K’ang Hsi porcelain, removes the enamelling, and even the whole glaze if the original ornament has been in underglaze blue, and then proceeds to clothe the denuded surface in a new and resplendent garb of rich enamel. Naturally, it is the most sumptuous style of decoration which is affected in these frauds, such as the prunus tree and birds in a ground of black, green, or yellow enamel on the biscuit; and the drawing, execution and colours are often surprisingly good. The enormous value of this type of vase, if successful, repays the expense and trouble involved in the _truquage_; and the connoisseur who looks at the base for guidance is disarmed because that critical part has been undisturbed, and has all the points of a thoroughbred K’ang Hsi piece. If, however, his suspicion has been aroused by something unconvincing in the design or draughtsmanship, he will probably find upon minute examination some indication of the fraud, some trace of the grinding off of the glaze which the enamels have failed to cover, suspicious passages at the edge of the lip where the old and new surfaces join, or traces of blackening here and there which are rarely absent from a refired piece. But if the work is really successful, and no ingenuity or skill is spared to make it so, his suspicions may not be aroused until too late. Frauds of this kind belong to the most costly types, and concern the wealthy buyers. The poorer collectors have to deal with small deceits, the adding of a _famille verte_ border to a bowl or dish, the retouching of defective ornament, the rubbing of modern surfaces to give them fictitious signs of wear, the staining of new wares with tobacco juice, and other devices easily detected by those who are forewarned. Against all these dangers, whether they be from wilful frauds or from innocent imitations, I can only repeat that the collector’s sole defence is experience and a well-trained eye.

INDEX

Accomplishments, Four, ii. 133, 282, 299

Adams, H., ii. 136

Akahada, i. 123

Alamgir, ii. 13

Alchemy, god of, ii. 288

Alexander Collection, i. 51, 56, 57, 68, 115, 121, 125; ii. 49,
119, 171, 205, 220

Alms bowl, ii. 285

Altar cups, ii. 7, 8, 35, 93

Altar sets, i. 206; ii. 272

Ambassadors of the Tribes of Man, eight, ii. 262, 268, 283

Amida Buddha, ii. 302

Amoy, i. 184, 202; ii. 112

Ancestor worship, ii. 283

Anderson, W., ii. 111, 281, 303

_An hua_ (secret decoration), ii. 6, 8, 17, 37, 52, 56, 63

Animal forms, ii. 159

Animal motives, ii. 292

Annals of Fou-liang, i. 141, 153, 155; ii. 35, 228, 231

Annals of Han Dynasty, i. 144

Annals of the Sui Dynasty, i. 143

Anthropological Museum at Petrograd, i. 101

Antiques, the Hundred, ii. 134, 181, 297, 298

“Ant tracks,” i. 117

Arabesques, ii. 130, 131, 133

Arabic writing, ii. 31

Architectural pottery, i. 201, 205, 206

Ardebil, ii. 69

Arhats, i. 35; ii. 43, 285

Arita, ii. 173

Armorial porcelain, ii. 202, 203, 251, 256, 257, 258

Arrow cylinder, ii. 274

Ary de Milde, i. 178

Ash colour, _see_ Hui sê.

“Ashes of roses,” ii. 124

Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, i, 193; ii. 68

Astbury ware, i. 178

Aster pattern, ii. 134

Attiret, i. 205

Augustus the Strong, i. _xxiii_, 178; ii. 113, 134

“Awns,” i. 92

“Baba ghouri,” i. 87

Bahr, A. W., i. 32, 124, 171

Bamboo grove, ii. 208, 215, 281

Bamboo pattern, ii. 149, 264, 269

Bamboo thread brush marks, i. 92

Barrel-shaped seats, ii. 8, 15, 17, 97, 277

Basket of flowers, ii. 67

Batavian porcelain, ii. 191

Bats, five, ii. 11, 204, 224, 295, 300, 301

Battersea, ii. 260

Bear, the, i. 12

Bell, Hamilton, i. 114

Benson Collection, i. 56, 104, 169; ii. 27

Biddulph, Sir R., ii. 23

Bijapur, i. 87; ii. 78

Billequin, M., ii. 233

Binyon, L., i. 44; ii. 242

Bird, the red, i. 20, 56

Birds, ii. 294

Birds, the Hundred, ii. 295

“Birthday plates,” ii. 169, 207

Birthday, the Emperor’s, ii. 63

Biscuit, ii. 18, 75, 77, 100, 196, 197

Biscuit figures in high relief, ii. 89

Black and gold decoration, ii. 215

Black, brown, ii. 155

Black, _famille rose_, ii. 210

Black glaze, varieties of, ii. 156, 159, 192, 229

Black ground gilt, ii. 231

Black ground, white decoration in, ii. 231

Black, mirror, ii. 192, 193, 218, 226, 230

Black Rock Hill, i. 16

Blackthorn, ii. 264

Black Warrior, the, i. 20

_Blanc de Chine_, ii. 109, 112

Blessings, five, ii. 300

“Blue and white,” i. 164; ii. 3, 8, 9, 11, 13, 24, 26, 29, 36, 38,
47, 56, 89, 92, 203, 239, 240, 263, 268, 271

Blue and white, K’ang Hsi, ii. 67, 128–144

Blue and white porcelain, Ming, ii. 105

Blue, cloisonné, ii. 219, 220, 224, 229, 231

Blue, lapis lazuli, ii. 239

Blue, mazarine, ii. 183

Blue, mottled, ii. 204

“Blue of the sky after rain,” i. 41, 42, 52, 54, 62; ii. 10, 179

Blue painting on Sung wares, i. 99, 104, 158

Blue, powder, ii. 127, 170, 180, 181, 183, 218

Blue “put in press,” ii. 143

Blue, ritual significance of, ii. 195

Blue, scratched, ii. 144

Blue, sky, ii. 232, 238

Blue, soufflé, ii. 127, 180, 218, 224

Blue, sponged, ii. 180, 183

Blue, Temple of Heaven, ii. 238

Blue, turquoise, ii. 99, 184, 185, 229, 237

Bock, Carl, i. 87

Bodhidharma, ii. 110, 285

Book stands, ii. 276

Border patterns, ii. 67, 257, 258, 302

Borneo, i. 68, 87, 99, 189, 190, 193; ii. 70, 99, 223

Börschmann, Herr Ernst, i. 8

Bottengruber, ii. 260

Böttger ware, i. 178; ii. 192

Bow, ii. 112, 258, 260

Bowls, ii. 277

Bowls, alms, ii. 285

Bowls, brinjal, ii. 151

Bowls, bulb, i. 109, 110, 114

Bowls, double-bottomed, ii. 115

Bowls, fish, ii. 36, 59, 117, 229, 234, 275, 281

Bowls, hookah, ii. 97

Bowls, medallion, ii. 264

Bowls, Ming, ii. 97

Bowls, narghili, ii. 77, 278

Bowls, Peking, ii. 239, 244, 264

Bowls, Polynesian khava, i. 129

Bowls, “press-hand,” ii. 93

Bowls, rice, ii. 148

Bowls, soup, ii. 269

Bowls, swordgrass, i. 110

Bowls, tea, ii. 5, 278

Bowls, wedding, ii. 268

Boxes, ii. 56, 57, 60, 68, 85, 160, 246, 265, 275, 276, 288

Boy holding a branch, ii. 57

Boys, Hundred, ii. 62

Boys in branches, design of, i. 85, 150

Branches, the Twelve, i. 210

Bretschneider, i. 62

Bricks, i. 201, 202, 205

Brighton Museum, i. 193

Brinjal bowls, ii. 151

Brinkley, F., i. 97, 102, 104, 131, 163, 168, 171, 174, 175, 176,
190; ii. 111, 113, 114, 190

Bristol, ii. 141, 258

British Museum, _passim_

Brocade designs, ii. 38, 165, 167, 170, 243, 244, 303

Bronze forms, ii. 272

Bronze patterns, ii. 240, 243, 247

Brooke, Lieutenant, i. 10

Brown, coffee, i. 103

“Brown mouth and iron foot,” i. 60, 61, 66, 68, 72, 78, 83; ii.
188, 217

Brush pot, ii. 32, 60

Brush rest, ii. 14, 60, 76, 275

Brush washers, i. 165

“Buccaro,” i. 120, 178, 181

Buddha, ii. 40

Buddhism, i. 6, 36; ii. 284

Buddhist emblems, eight, ii. 25, 38, 42, 298

Bulb bowls, i. 109, 110, 114

Burdett-Coutts Collection, ii. 164

Burial customs, i. 14

Burlington Fine Arts Club Exhibition, catalogue of, i. 104, 114,
130, 149, 150, 167, 193, 209; ii. 6, 27, 33, 60, 68, 77, 78, 85

_Burlington Magazine_, i. 12, 34, 50, 68, 72, 79, 88, 102, 106,
123, 163, 168, 171; ii. 14, 17, 23, 70, 73, 75, 89, 90, 105,
209, 212, 213, 292

Burman, A., ii. 43, 145, 164

Burton, W., i. 47, 49, 50, 154; ii. 127

Burton and Hobson, ii. 247

Bushell, S. W., i. _xviii_, 1, 39, 50, 54, 55, 68, 102, 104, 140,
143, 145, 154, 159, 160, 162, 165, 168, 206, 218; ii. 1, 2, 8,
18, 19, 22, 26, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 121, 176, 188, 190, 196, 212,
223, 242, 248, 267

Butterflies, ii. 266, 289, 295

Butterfly cages, ii. 160

Cadogan Teapot, ii. 278

Caffieri, ii. 194

Cairo, i. 87

Calicut, ii. 209

Candle design, ii. 25, 133, 203

Candlesticks, ii. 272

Canton, i. 166, 184, 188; ii. 202, 212, 251, 260

Canton Chün, i. 127, 172

Canton enamels, i. 166, 167; ii. 209, 211, 243

Canton merchants, ii. 140

Canton, porcelain decorated at, ii. 211, 256

Canton ware, i. 167, 171, 172, 179, 190, 193, 194, 198

Cash, ii. 76, 288

Cassia tree, ii. 291, 296

Castiglione, i. 205

Catalogue of Boston Exhibition, i. 104

Catalogue of Burlington Fine Arts Club Exhibition, _See_ Burlington
Fine Arts Club.

Catalogue of Loan Exhibition, New York, i. 110, 124

Catalogue of Morgan Collection, i. 140

Celadon, i. 32, 39, 46, 54, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 114;
ii. 77, 146, 188, 266, 270

Celadon, brownish, i. 85

Celadon, Corean, i. 51

Celadon, inlaid, i. 84

Celadon, Japanese, i. 85

Celadon, Ming, i. 81

Celadon, Siamese, i. 88

Celadon, spotted, i. 80

Celadon, Sung, i. 81

Celadon wares, traffic in, i. 88

_Celadonfrage_, i. 86

_Ch’a Ching_, i. 37, 40

Cha no yu, i. 131

_Ch’a Su_, i. 93

Ch’a yeh mo, ii. 233

Chadwick, arms of, ii. 256

Ch’ai ware, i. 40, 41, 42, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 124

Chain pattern border, ii. 257

Chalfant, F. H., i. 4

_Chambrelans_, ii. 260

Chang, potter, i. 105

Chang brothers, i. 67, 76

Chang Ch’ien, i. 6; ii. 14, 291, 292

Chang Chiu-ko, ii. 289

_Ch’ang ming fu kuei_, ii. 53

_Ch’ang nan chih_, i. 156

Chang-kuo Lao, ii. 284

Chang Sêng-yu, ii. 292

_Chang wu chih_, ii. 94

Chang yao, i. 77

Chang Ying-wên, i. 41, 60

Ch’ang-chou Chên, i. 202

Ch’ang-nan, i. 45

Chang-tê Fu, i. 101, 105

Chantilly, ii. 173

Chao, ii. 59

Chao family, i. 107

Chao Ju-kua, i. 86, 188, 189

Chao-ch’ing Fu, i. 172

Ch’ao-chou Fu, i. 184

Characters, grass, ii. 301

Characters, Sanskrit, ii. 66, 240, 286, 302

Characters, seal, i. 208, 209; ii. 301

Characters, the Hundred Shou, ii. 61

Charles Edward, Prince, ii. 255

Charlotte, Queen of Prussia, ii. 133, 155

Charlottenberg Palace, ii. 90, 133, 155, 193

Charteris, Hon. E., ii. 33

Chavannes, Prof. E., i. 7, 17

Chelsea, ii. 112, 140, 173, 183, 251, 260

Ch’ên Chün, i. 175

Ch’ên Chung-mei, i. 175, 176

Ch’ên-lin, i. 82

Chên Tsai, ii. 110

Ch’ên Wên-ching, ii. 78

Chêng Chou, i. 40

Chêng Ho, ii. 12

Ch’êng Hua mark, ii. 155, 189, 252

Ch’êng Hua wares, ii. 22–29, 203, 207, 224, 225

Ch’êng ni, i. 61

_Ch’êng tê t’ang_, ii. 265

Ch’êng Tê wares, ii. 29–33, 207, 208, 224

Chêng T’ung, ii. 27, 28

_Chêng tzŭ t’ung_, the, i. 15

Ch’êng-tu, i. 13, 199

Chên-ting Fu, i. 53, 89, 94, 156, 199; ii. 107

Chess, ii. 276, 282

_Chi Ch’ing_ (dark violet blue), ii. 99, 218, 219, 223, 270

Chi Chou ware, i. 71, 98, 157

_Chi hung_ (red), ii. 9, 10, 11, 29, 59, 79, 101, 118, 123, 145,
223, 268

_Ch’i sung t’ang shih hsiao lu_, i. 37

Chia Ching wares, ii. 11, 34–55, 203, 225

Chia Ch’ing wares, ii. 262, 263

_Chiang hsia pa chün_, ii. 40

_Ch’iang hsi t’ung chih_, i. 53, 60, 118, 141, 153, 154, 159, 181;
ii. 223, 228, 237, 267

Chiang, Memoirs of, i. 92, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164; ii. 20

_Chiang-t’ai_, ii. 141

_Chiang t’ang_, ii. 34

Chicago, i. 146

Chicken cups, ii. _xvii_, 23, 24, 26

Ch’ien family, i. 38

_Ch’ien k’un ch’ing t’ai_, ii. 56

Ch’ien Lung, i. 31; ii. 33, 227–249

Ch’ien Lung, Imperial poems of, ii. 227, 301

Ch’ien Lung monochromes, ii. 216

Ch’ien Niu, ii. 291

Chien yao, i. 8, 31, 93, 94, 103, 130–135; ii. 109

Chien-an, i. 130, 131

Chien-ning Fu, i. 130, 132, 133; ii. 291

Chien-yang, i. 130, 164; ii. 109

_Chih lung_, ii. 157, 292

_Ch’i-hsia-lei-k’ao_, i. 67

Chih-t’ien, i. 136

Children playing with branches of flowers design, ii. 56

Children (_wa wa_), ii. 40, 281

_Ch’i-lin_, ii. 67, 293

_Ch’i-lin_ reclining before fountain, ii. 67

Chin dynasty, i. 16

_Chin huang_ (golden yellow), ii. 37

_Chin lü_, ii. 34

_Ch’in ting ku chin t’u shu chi ch’êng_, i. 127, 187

_Ch’in ying wên_, i. 113

Chinese and Japanese porcelain, the distinction between, ii. 174

_Chinese Commercial Guide_, i. 184, 187

Chinese porcelain decorated in Europe, ii. 259

_Ch’ing_, i. 16, 41, 46, 52, 60

_Ch’ing pi tsa chih_, i. 38

_Ch’ing pi ts’ang_, i. 41, 53, 54, 60, 77, 79, 92, 93, 109; ii. 9,
11, 13

_Ch’ing po tsa chih_, i. 52, 96, 97, 157

Ching T’ai, ii. 27

_Ch’ing tien_, ii. 142, 201

_Ch’ing ts’ung_, i. 62

_Ch’ing tz’ŭ_, i. 46

_Ch’ing_ ware, i. 76

_Ch’ing wei t’ang_, ii. 247

_Ch’ing yi lu_, i. 131

Ching-tê Chên, i. _xv_, 40, 45, 71, 83, 84, 89, 92, 94, 95, 96,
99, 109, 119, 120, 147, 152, 162; ii. 1, 12, 212, 228

_Ching-tê Chên t’ao lu, passim_

Ch’ing-yün, ii. 108

Chini-hane, ii. 69

Chin-shih, i. 167

Chin-ts’un, i. 76, 80

Chipped edges of plates, ii. 140

_Chiu_, wine, ii. 34

_Cho kêng lu_, i. 55, 60, 61, 66, 109, 134

Chou dynasty, i. 3, 44; ii. 41

Chou, Hui, i. 157

Chou kao-ch’i, i. 174

Chou Mao-shu, ii. 25, 296

Chou Tan-ch’üan, i. 94, 95, 96; ii. 65

Chou Ts’ang, ii. 284

Chrome tin, ii. 177

Chrysanthemum plant, ii. 25, 296

Ch’üan-chou Fu, i. 86, 188; ii. 108

_Chü chai tsa chi_, i. 98

Ch’ü Chih-kao, i. 201

_Chu fan chih_, i. 86

Chu Hsi, i. 20

Chu Mai-chên, ii. 282

_Chu ming yao_, ii. 305

_Chü pao shan_, i. 202

_Chu shih chü_, ii. 167

_Ch’ŭ yao_, i. 76, 80

Ch’ŭ-Chou Fu, i. 76, 77, 80, 83, 201

_Ch’ui ch’ing_, ii. 180, 181

_Ch’ui hung_, ii. 125

Chün chou, i. 179, 198

_Ch’un fêng t’ang sui pi_, i. 77

Chün glaze of the muffle kiln, i, 120, 177; ii. 217

Chün-t’ai, i. 109

Chün wares, i. 41, 42, 48, 62, 109–130, 157, 167, 179, 181; ii. 18,
19, 94, 220, 229

_Ch’ung Chên_, ii. 86

_Chung-ho-t’ang_, ii. 145

Church, Sir A., i. 167

Ch’ü-yang Hsien, i. 199

Cicada, ii. 73, 295

_Cicerone_, i. 87

Citron dishes, ii. 8

Civil and military vases, ii. 281

_Clair de lune_, i. 60; ii. 179, 219, 252

Clays, ferruginous, i. 80

“Clobbered china,” ii. 261

Clennell, W. J., i. 155, 156

Cloisonné blue, ii. 219, 220

Cloisonné enamels, i. 167; ii. 17, 82, 209, 232, 243

Cloud and thunder pattern, ii. 272, 290, 302

Cloud pattern, ii. 302

“Cloud scroll,” i. 113; ii. 42

Club shaped, ii. 274

Cobalt, ii. 12, 98

Cochin China, i. 144

Cock, ii. 294

Cole, Fay-Cooper, i. 87, 189

Colouring agents, i. 49

Colours, _famille verte_, ii. 163

Colours, foreign, ii. 221, 225, 229, 232, 242, 243

Colours iridescent, ii. 241, 264

Colours, mixed, ii. 264, 271

Combed patterns, i. 85, 150

Confucius, i. 7, 18, 79; ii. 40, 43, 283

Constantinople, i. 87

Convex centre, bowls with, ii. 51

Cope Bequest, ii. 149

Copper oxide, i. 118, 137; ii. 10, 177, 232

Copper red, ii. 6, 11, 55

Coral red, ii, 6, 48, 51

Corea, i. 39, 134, 148, 150, 151

Corean design, i. 34, 107; ii. 56

Corean wares, i. 39, 42, 54, 59, 84, 85, 102, 107, 149, 150, 151;
ii. 115

Cornaline, i. 53; ii. 123

Cornelian, ii. 10

Cornflower sprigs, ii. 258

Corpse pillows, i. 105

Cotton cultivation, ii. 164

_Couleurs de demi grand feu_, ii. 18, 20

_Couleurs de grand feu_, ii. 98

_Couleurs de petit feu_, ii. 20

“Crab’s claw” crackle i. 53, 60, 67, 96

Crab-shell green, i. 117

Cracked specimens, ii. 233

Crackle, i. 67, 68, 99, 171; ii. 9, 37, 99, 121, 142, 180, 189,
197, 198, 199, 218

Crackle, apple green, ii. 121, 125, 187

Crackle, buff, ii. 145

Crackle, fish roe, i. 53, 67

Crackle, green, ii. 170

Crackle, millet, ii. 197

Crackle, oatmeal, ii. 199

Crackle, plum blossom, i. 61; ii. 244

Crane, ii. 288

“Crane cups,” i. 17

Cranes, six, ii. 61

Cricket pots, fighting, i, 188; ii. 21, 160, 275

Crickets, fighting, ii. 295

Crucifixion, ii. 252

Crusader plate, ii. 113

Crutch, ii. 287

Cumberbatch Collection, ii. 49

Cups floating on river, ii. 168, 281

Cups, Keyser, ii. 252

Cups, libation, ii. 278

Cycles, table of, i. 211

Cyclical dates, i. 210, 213; ii. 213, 230, 240, 268

Cyclical dates, table of, i. 212

Dana Collection, i. 11

Date marks, i. 210

Date marks prohibited, i. 208

Dated porcelain, ii. 213, 257, 263

Deer, ii. 286, 294

Deer, the Hundred, ii. 61, 243

de Groot, Dr. J. J. M., i. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 105; ii. 25, 110

Delft, i. 178; ii. 139, 251, 252

Demons, ii. 290

_Denkmäler Persischer Baukunst_, ii. 69

Derby, i. 114; ii. 251, 258

Deshima, ii. 173

Dharmatrata, ii. 285

Dillon, E., ii. 26, 51

Dinner table sets, ii. 36, 267

Dishes, ii. 278

Divining rod vases, ii. 274

Dodder, i. 113

Dog, ii. 291

“Dog of Fo,” ii. 39, 149, 160, 293

Double gourd shape, ii. 94

Double ring under base, ii. 69

Dour-er-Raçibi, i. 87

Dragon, ii. 5, 32, 33, 39, 144, 292

Dragon and phœnix design, ii. 8, 30, 37, 39, 67, 81

Dragon and sea waves, ii. 37

Dragon, azure, i. 20; ii. 291

Dragon boat design, ii. 25

Dragon horse, ii. 41, 290

Dragon medallions, ii. 38, 39

Dragon of the East, i. 56

Dragon procession, ii. 281

Dragon rising from waves, ii. 170

Dreams, ii. 283

Dresden collection, i. 178; ii. 48, 51, 80, 112, 133, 134, 147,
148, 151, 155, 164, 167, 179, 215, 243;
mark of, ii. 213

Drucker, J. C. J., ii. 139, 170

Drums, pottery, i. 137

Ducks on water design, i. 90

Duesbury, ii. 260

Dukes, E. J., ii. 114, 115

Dutch, ii. 89, 111, 191

Dutch East India Company, ii. 89, 128, 213

Dutch enamellers, ii. 259

Dutch pictures, ii. 73, 89

Dwight, i. 37, 178; ii. 112

Dyaks, i. 189, 193; ii. 223

Eagle, heraldic, ii. 139

Eagle on a rock, ii. 73

Earth, symbol of, ii. 41

“Earthworm marks,” i. 113, 117

East India Company, British, ii. 133, 155

East Indies, ii. 70

East, symbol of, ii. 41

Edwards, Mr., i. 148

“Eel’s blood,” i. 61

“Egg and tongue” pattern, i. 35

Egg green, i. 61

“Egg shell” porcelain, ii. 4, 20, 64, 168, 169, 195, 202, 207, 210,
224, 243, 248

“Egg white,” i. 53, 54, 61, 71

Egypt, i. 2, 86, 88; ii. 30, 44

Egyptian tombs, i. 140

“Eight Ambassadors of the Tribes of Man,” ii. 262, 283

Eight Emblems of Happy Augury, ii. 297

Eight Immortals, attributes of, ii. 297

Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup, ii. 282

Eight Musical Instruments, ii. 297

Eight Precious Objects, ii. 297, 298

_Ei raku_, ii. 6

Elephants, ii. 61, 242, 269, 286

Elephant checkers, ii. 282

Elers, i. 178

Elixir of life, ii. 286, 289

_Emaillé sur biscuit_, ii. 152

Emblematic motives, ii. 41, 62

Embossed ornament, ii. 37, 102, 224

Embroidery ornaments, twelve, ii. 297

Empress Dowager, ii. 271

Enamel, apple green, ii. 103

Enamel, _famille rose_, ii. 210

Enamel glaze, ii. 21

Enamel on biscuit, ii. 21, 79, 80, 152, 153, 160

Enamel, white, ii. 163, 245

Enamelled ornament, i. 161, 162, 163

Enamelling establishments, ii. 260

Enamels, Canton, i. 166

Enamels, mixed, ii. 242

Enamels on glaze, ii. 18, 48, 160, 161, 170

Enamels, transition, ii. 169, 257

Engraved background, ii. 244

Engraved designs, i. 106; ii. 102, 224

d’Entrecolles’ letters, Père, i. 83, 84, 147, 154; ii. 77, 112,
114, 122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 140, 141, 143, 148, 151, 161,
162, 163, 182, 183, 188, 189, 192, 193, 195, 196, 198, 218, 252,
276

Ephesus, i. 87

Epicurus, ii. 286

_Erh shih lu_, i. 138

Etched design, ii. 183, 195

Eumorfopoulos Collection, i. 29, 31, 34, 35, 42, 57, 59, 63, 69,
73, 107, 111, 114, 115, 131, 149, 171, 179, 191, 197, 203, 218;
ii. 27, 31, 52, 78, 79, 85, 115, 139, 204, 219, 227, 278

European influence, i. 205; ii. 90, 135, 209, 250–261

European merchants, ii. 139

European shapes, ii. 98, 128, 251

European subjects, ii. 244, 245, 255, 257

Ewers, i. 165

Excavations in Honan, i. 132

Exports forbidden, i. 88, 189

Export wares, ii. 44, 68, 70, 73, 78, 81, 85, 108, 128, 167, 202,
245, 258, 266, 271, 280

_Fa ch’ing_, ii. 219, 224, 231

_Fa lan_, ii. 231

_Fa lang_, ii. 209, 229, 231

Factories at Peking, ii. 126

Fairies, ii. 286

Falkner, Frank, ii. 259

_Famille noire_, ii. 101, 159

_Famille rose_, i. 177; ii. 163, 169, 191, 202, 203, 207, 208, 209,
210, 213, 214, 221, 242, 247

_Famille verte_, ii. 85, 121, 125, 136, 137, 160, 161, 162, 163,
167, 168, 173, 183, 193, 207, 256

_Famille verte_, dated examples of, ii. 168

_Famille verte_ enamels, over blue outlines, ii. 207

_Fan_, ii. 288

Fan Ching-ta, i. 136

_Fan hung_, ii. 10, 34, 35, 37, 48, 52, 55, 101

_Fan tz’ŭ_, ii. 196

Fat-shan Chün, i. 123, 171, 172, 179

Feet, cramping of, i. 24

_Fei ts’ui_, i. 38; ii. 237

Fei-kuan, i. 107

_Fên ch’ing_, i. 53, 54, 59, 60, 67, 71, 99

_Fên hung_, i. 60, 65

_Fên ting_, i. 90; ii. 218

Fêng-kan, i. 56

_Fêng-huang_, ii. 293

Field Museum, Chicago, i. 128, 182, 189, 194, 198, 199, 200

Figures, i. 107, 108, 197, 201; ii. 110, 151, 152, 197, 251, 279,
283

Figures in European costumes, ii. 111, 251

Figures in high relief, ii. 102

Firefly decoration, ii. 247

Fish bowls, ii. 36, 59, 117, 229, 234, 275, 281

Fish, double, ii. 294

Fish roe crackle, i. 53, 67

Fish roe design, ii. 167

Fish-dragon, ii. 284

Fishes, i. 78; ii. 7, 9, 11, 40, 204, 224

FitzWilliam Museum, i. 125, 127

Five blessings, ii. 300

Five colours, ii. 19, 20

Florentine porcelain, ii. 44

Flower Fairy, ii. 289

Flower pots, i. 109, 110, 113, 114, 197; ii. 19, 275

Flower vases, ii. 273, 275

Flowers, ii. 295

Flowers, basket of, ii. 67

Flowers, celestial, ii. 38

Flowers, fairy, ii. 295

Flowers for the months, ii. 295

Flowers, the Hundred, ii. 243

Flute, ii. 287, 288

“Flying gallop,” i. 12

Fly-whisk, ii. 287

_Fo lang_, ii. 209, 231

_Fo t’ou ch’ing_, ii. 30, 98

Foot, finishing off the, ii. 92, 202, 249

Foot rim, grooved, ii. 26, 92, 129

Forgeries, ii. 304–307

Forms, ii. 60, 272–279

Fou-liang, i. 140, 152

Fou-liang, Annals of, i. 141, 153, 155; ii. 35, 228, 231

Franks Collection, i. _xxiii_; ii. 4, 5, 14, 17, 21, 26, 27, 121

Franks, Sir Wollaston, ii. 212

Freer Collection, i. 33, 71, 114, 129

French, A. B., ii. 212

“Fresh red,” ii. 35, 36, 123

Fretwork, incised, ii. 76

Friends, three, ii. 269, 289, 296

Frog wares, ii. 66

Frog’s spawn, ii. 167

Fruits, three, ii. 11, 204, 224, 296

_Fu_ (happiness), ii. 11

Fu Chou, i. 16

_Fu fan chih ts’ao_, ii. 108

Fu Hsi, ii. 41, 290

_Fu ju tung hai_, ii. 62

_Fu kuei_ flower, ii. 294

_Fu lang_, ii. 231

Fu, Lu, Shou, ii. 62

_Fu sê_, ii. 24, 26

_Fu shou k’ang ning_, ii. 43, 75

Fu-hsing, ii. 287

Fukien porcelain, i. 8; ii. 78, 108, 110, 251, 259

Fulham, i. 178

“Funeral vases,” i. 56, 147

Fungus design, ii. 11, 95, 204, 224

Furnace transmutations, i. 137, 156, 175; ii. 18, 192, 218, 232

G (mark), ii. 136, 137, 167

Gama Sennin, ii. 288

Gandhara, i. 17

Garlic-shaped vases, ii. 273

Gems, seven, ii. 298

General, the chess-playing, i. 79

Genghis Khan, i. 159

Genii of Mirth and Harmony, Twin, ii. 159, 288

Gilding, i. 163, 177; ii. 37, 102, 162, 164, 173, 183, 215, 226,
231, 246

Giles, H. A., i. 24

Ginger jar, i. 182; ii. 134

Glass, i. 200; ii. 215

Glass, Bristol, ii. 215

Glass, _mille fiori_, ii. 234

Glaze, bird’s egg, i. 177; ii. 217, 233

Glaze, black, i. 11, 31, 42, 93, 103, 106, 131; ii. 192

Glaze, chocolate brown, i. 31

Glaze, crystalline, i. 171, 178

Glaze, donkey’s liver and horse’s lung, i. 119

Glaze, dragon skin, i. 110, 113

Glaze, first use of, i. 8

Glaze, _flambé_, i. 50, 118, 119, 168, 205; ii. 85, 124, 193, 218,
232, 233, 235

Glaze, Han, i. 10

Glaze, hare’s fur, i. 93

Glaze, iron rust, ii. 233

Glaze, lavender, i. 48, 63, 109, 168

Glaze, lavender grey, i. 49

Glaze, lemon yellow, ii. 264

Glaze, leopard skin, ii. 192

Glaze, liver, ii. 238

Glaze, maroon red, ii. 178, 179, 238

Glaze, Ming, ii. 93

Glaze, moon white, ii. 224

Glaze, oil green, ii. 224

Glaze, old turquoise, i. 48

Glaze, opalescent, i. 50, 51, 62, 110, 118

Glaze, peach bloom, ii. 99, 146, 176, 177, 178, 179

Glaze, pea green, ii. 37, 99

Glaze, preparing the, ii. 248

Glaze, red, i. 117; ii. 10, 11, 64, 79

Glaze, red Chün, i. 117

Glaze, robin’s egg, i. 120; ii. 217

Glaze, shrivelled, i. 110; ii. 31, 245

Glaze, sun-stone, i. 200

Glaze, T’ang, i. 24, 31

Glaze, turquoise, i. 48, 103; ii. 18, 99, 127, 184, 185, 224

Glaze, varieties of black, ii. 229

Glaze, yellow, ii. 28, 126

Glaze. _See also_ Black, Blue, Red, Yellow, Green, etc. _Also_
_Clair de lune_, _Sang de bœuf_, Crackle, Hare’s fur,
Kingfisher’s feathers, Tea dust, Iron rust.

Glazes, Chün, i. 114, 118, 120

Glazing, methods of, ii. 92, 249

Glazing mixture, ii. 163

Gods of longevity, rank, and happiness, ii. 159

Goff Collection, i. 193

Golden brown, ii. 65

Gombroon ware, i. 148; ii. 173

Gotha Museum, i. 71, 79

Gourd shape, ii. 94, 273, 287

Gouthière, ii. 194

Graceful ladies, ii. 40, 136

Græco-Buddhist influence, i. 34

Græco-Roman influence, i. 35

_Graffiato_, i. 106, 107, 135

“Grains of millet,” ii. 13

Grain pattern, i. 44

Grandidier Collection, Louvre, i. _xxiii_, 185, 195; ii. 75, 163,
168

Grape vine cup, ii. 24

Grass characters, ii. 301

Grasshoppers, ii. 24

_Graviata_, ii. 239

Great Bear, ii. 284

Great Wall of China, i. 202

Green, ii. 238

Green, apple, ii. 177, 188

Green, cucumber tint, ii. 157, 238

Green, _eau de nil_ tint, ii. 238

Green, emerald, ii. 37, 51, 52, 271

“Green of a thousand hills,” i. 82

Green, opaque bluish, ii. 244

Green, snake skin, ii. 127, 187, 223, 238

Grœneveldt, W. P., ii. 12

Grotto pieces, i. 197; ii. 151

Grünwedel Expedition, i. 16, 23

Gulland, W., ii. 29

Gypsum, ii. 77, 196

_Haarlem_, ii. 136

Hainhofer, Philipp, ii. 48, 73

_Hai shou_, ii. 61, 293

_Hakugorai_, i. 151

Hall marks, i. 217; ii. 265

Halsey, Mrs., ii. 13, 47, 78

Hamburg Museum, ii. 90

Han dynasty, the, i. 5–22

Han glaze, i. 10

_Han hsing_, i. 97

Handles, i. 165; ii. 277

Hang Chou, i. 43, 45, 60, 67, 72

Hang Chou Kuan ware, i. 61, 134

_Han Kan_, i. 25

Han Lin College, i. 218

Han-tan, i. 147

Hao Shih-chiu, ii. 64, 178, 219

“Happy meeting,” ii. 282

Hare mark, ii. 67, 82

Hare, the, ii. 286, 289, 291

“Hare’s fur” glaze, i. 93, 94, 113, 131, 133, 164; ii. 108

Hâriti, ii. 111

Hat stand, ii. 31, 97, 277

Hawthorn design, ii. 134

Heaven, symbol of, ii. 41

Heaven, Temple of, i. 205; ii. 195, 238

_Hei chê shih_, ii. 98

Hêng fêng, i. 201

Herend, ii. 306

Heroes of Han dynasty, the three, ii. 281

“Hill censer,” i. 12

“Hill jar,” i. 12

Hippisley, A. E., ii. 64, 122, 216, 290, 292, 300

Hippisley Collection, ii. 99, 207, 215, 246, 265

Hirado, ii. 14, 25, 76, 147

Hirth and Rockhill, i. 86, 88, 188

Hirth Collection, i. 71

Hirth, Prof., i. 5, 67, 81, 86, 89, 143, 145, 146, 188; ii. 30

_Ho_ (colour), i. 40

Ho Chou, i. 32, 94, 97

Ho Ch’ou, i. 17, 143, 144, 147

Ho Chung-ch’u, i. 153

Ho Hsien-ku, ii. 152

Honan, i. 193

Honan Fu, i. 27, 130; ii. 305

“Honeysuckle” pattern, i. 35

Hookah bowl, ii. 97

Ho-pin, i. 1

Horses of Mu Wang, the eight, ii. 289

Horses, sea, ii. 294

Horse, the white, ii. 286

Hose and McDougall, i. 193

Ho-shang, ii. 285

Hotei, ii. 285

Hou Hsien Shêng, ii. 288

Hsi Shih, ii. 282

Hsi Wang Fu, ii. 288

Hsi Wang Mu, i. 7; ii. 107, 141, 264, 286, 288, 289

Hsi yao, i. 97

Hsi Yung Chêng, i. 135

Hsi-an Fu, i. 15

Hsiang, i. 105

_Hsiang Ch’i_, ii. 282

Hsiang family, i. 199

_Hsiang ling ming huan chih_, i. 24

Hsiang yao, i. 96

Hsiang Yüan-p’ien, i. 50, 54; ii. 14

Hsiang-hu, i. 71; ii. 220, 224

Hsiang’s Album, i. _xviii_, 62, 71, 77, 90, 93, 94, 118, 161, 175;
ii. 7, 9, 12, 13, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 32, 127

Hsiao Hsien, i. 97

_Hsiao nan_, ii. 65

Hsieh An, ii. 282

Hsieh Min, ii. 223, 229, 230, 231, 237

_Hsien_, ii. 40, 289

Hsien Fêng, ii. 267

_Hsien hung_, ii. 3, 6, 10, 11, 34, 37, 52, 55, 59, 99, 123, 223

_Hsin Chou_ year, ii. 213

Hsin-p’ing, i. 141, 152, 156

_Hsin ting_, i. 94

Hsing Chou, i. 37, 147

_Hsiu hua_, i. 91, 101, 161

_Hsiu nei ssŭ_, i. 59, 60, 61

Hsü Ch’ih, ii. 35, 55

Hsü Ching, i. 39, 54, 151

Hsü Chou, i. 107, 108, 166

_Hsü hua t’ang_, ii. 265

_Hsü Shui Hu_, ii. 281

Hsü Tz’ŭ-shu, i. 93

Hsü wares, i. 66

Hsü Yu-ch’üan, i. 175

Hsüan Chou, i. 201

_Hsüan ho po ku t’u lu_, i. 44

Hsüan Tê, ii. 6, 7–21, 22, 24, 32, 204, 246

Hsüan T’ung, ii. 271

Hsü-chên, ii. 35

Hsün-wares, i. 66, 134

Hu kung, ii. 64

_Hu yin tao jên_, ii. 64, 65

_Hua_ (ornament), i. 91; ii. 43, 130

_Hua hua_ (carved ornament), i. 91, 106

_Hua shih_ (steatite), i. 99; ii. 141, 196, 198, 201

Huai-ch’ing Fu, i. 201

Huang An, ii. 288

Huang Ti, i. 1

Huang-chih, i. 143

Huang-ssŭ, i. 205

Hua-ting Chou, ii. 107

_Hui hui ch’ing_, ii. 12, 98

_Hui hui hua_, ii. 31

_Hui hui wên_, ii. 31

_Hui hu ta ch’ing_, ii. 13

_Hui sê_ (ash colour), i. 61, 67, 71; ii. 199

Hui Tsung, ii. 164

Hulagu Khan, ii. 30

Hundred Antiques, the, ii. 297, 298

Hundred Birds, ii. 295

Hundred Deer, the, ii. 61, 243

Hung Chih, ii. 28, 29

Hung-chien, i. 108

Hung Chou, i. 38

_Hung fu ch’i t’ien_, ii. 62, 300

Hung Wu, ii. 1, 2

_Huo yen ch’ing_, i. 113

Hu-t’ien, i. 160, 163; ii. 28

_I chih_, i. 208; ii. 35, 38

IHS, ii. 252

_I shou_, ii. 61

Imari, ii. 171, 173, 174

Imari, Chinese, ii. 161, 173, 174

Imitation of Chia Ching ware, ii. 225

Imitation of Chün glazes, ii. 217, 268, 223, 224

Imitation of Chün yao, ii. 234

Imitation of five colour porcelain, ii. 208

Imitation of Hsüan Te and Chêng Hua wares, ii. 55, 224

Imitation of Ko, Kuan, Ju and Lung-ch’üan glazes, ii. 223, 268

Imitation of mother-of-pearl, ii. 234

Imitation of peach bloom, ii. 178

Imitation of Sung wares, ii. 216, 224

Imitation of the antique, ii. 201, 203, 243

Imitation of Ting ware, ii. 65, 74, 142, 197, 223

Imitation of Tung-ch’ing and Lung-ch’üan glazes, ii. 224

Imitation of various substances in porcelain, ii. 234

Imitations, i. 83, 117, 119, 120; ii. 11, 43, 82, 156, 203, 304–307

Immortals, Eight Taoist, i. 79; ii. 40, 110, 134, 141, 159, 287,
289

Immortals of the Wine Cup, Eight, ii. 130, 282

Imperial colours, ii. 189

Imperial factory, i. 123, 153; ii. 1, 29, 30, 64, 105

Imperial porcelains, lists of, ii. 223, 267, 268

Imperial vases, ii. 81

Imperial wares, ii. 148, 195, 207, 229

Incense burners, i. 128, 161, 194, 198, 206; ii. 108, 112, 113, 276

Incised designs, ii. 112

Incised fret pattern, ii. 275

India, i. 88, 193; ii. 44, 76, 278

Indian lotus, ii. 25, 38

Indian market, wares for, ii. 73, 76, 78, 81

Ink pallet, ii. 80, 155, 276

Ink, porcelain painted in, ii. 214, 225, 229

Ink screens, ii. 160, 276

Ink slab, ii. 31

Inlaid designs, i. 84

Inlaid ornament, i. 107

Insect cages, ii. 246

Inscriptions, i. 177; ii. 62, 112, 252, 301

Inscriptions, Koranic, ii. 255

Inscriptions, posthumous, i. 9, 12

Iridescent colours, ii. 241, 242

Iron oxide, ii. 189

_Islam_, i. 148

Isles of the blessed, ii. 286

Ispahan, ii. 30

Italian wares, i. 106; ii. 44

Itier, M., ii. 10, 230

I-yang, i. 201

I-yang Hsien, i. 201

Jacquemart, ii. 160, 211

Jade Emperor, ii. 291

Jade, green, i. 82

Jade Hall, ii. 75

“Jade” mark, ii. 252

Jade, ware turned to, i. 99

Jao-chou Fu, i. 152; ii. 34, 107

“Jao-chou jade,” i. 156, 157

Jao-chou wares, old, i. 161

Japan Society of New York, exhibition of, i. 72, 113

Japanese patterns, ii. 174

Japanese porcelains, ii. 264

_Japanese Temples and their Treasures_, i. 36

Jesuit china, ii. 252, 255

Jesuits, ii. 122, 123

Jewel, Buddhist, ii. 286

Jewel Hill, i. 154; ii. 1

Jewels, set with, ii. 51, 113

Jih-nan, i. 144

“Joyous meeting” design, ii. 56

Ju-chou, i. 52, 56

Ju-chou wares, i. 39, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52–59, 61, 67, 89, 90,
92; ii. 9, 10, 123

_Ju shih wo wên_, i. 41

_Ju-i_ head or cloud border, i. 113; ii. 289

_Ju-i_ pattern, ii. 71, 83, 130, 131

_Ju-i_ sceptre, ii. 42, 287, 289

Julien, i. 143, 145, 162; ii. 10, 24, 127, 228, 230, 234, 248, 266

Ju-ning Fu, i. 198

Junk, ii. 151

Kaga ware, ii. 155

K’ai-fêng Fu, i. 43, 52, 59, 60, 82, 109

Kaiser Friederik Museum, i. 148

Kakiemon ware, ii. 173, 174

_Kaki temmoku_, i. 31

Kan Chou, i. 135

K’ang Hsi, ii. 14, 27, 47, 77, 79, 80, 118, 122, 126, 128–199

K’ang Hsi blue and white, ii. 67, 128–144

_K’ang Hsi Encyclopædia_, i. 127, 187; ii. 107, 109, 197

K’ang Hsi mark, ii. 155, 177, 242, 271

K’ang Hsi monochromes, ii. 176

_Kao chai man lu_, i. 38

Kao Chiang-ts’un, ii. 23, 24, 25

_K’ao kung chi_, i. 1

Kao Tan-jên, ii. 23

Kao Tsung, i. 19

Kaolin, i. 123, 148; ii. 91, 123, 248

Karabacek, Professor, i. 86

Ka-shan, i. 206

Kennedy Collection, ii. 149, 194, 238

Kenzan, i. 103

Kershaw, F. S., i. 12

Key-fret, ii. 291

“Keyser cups,” ii. 252

Khotan, i. 23

Kichimojin, ii. 111

Kiln supports, tubular, i. 85

Kilns, Chinese, ii. 100

Kilwa, i. 87

“Kingfisher’s feathers,” i. 82

_Kinrande_, ii. 6

Kinsai, i. 22

Kin-shan, Temple of, i. 205; ii. 291

_Kinuta seiji_, i. 57

Kirk, Sir John, i. 87, 88

Kishiu, i. 197

Ko Ming-hsiang, i. 168, 171

Ko ware, i. 45, 48, 49, 65, 67–72, 73, 76, 77, 98, 99, 134, 181;
ii. 65, 199, 220

Ko Yüan-hsiang, i. 168

_Kochi yaki_, i. 190

Koranic inscriptions, ii. 255

_Ku chin t’u shu chi ch’êng_, ii. 107

_Ku ch’u_, i. 92

Ku Liu, i. 68

Ku Ying-t’ai, i. 40

_Ku yü t’u p’u_, i. 44

Kua Chou, i. 202

Kuan Chung, i. 16

_Kuan ku_, i. 54

Kuan P’ing, ii. 284

Kuan Ti, ii. 159, 284

Kuan wares, i. 45, 48, 49, 51, 59–67, 72, 77, 82, 124, 134, 181;
ii. 9, 65, 223

Kuan Yü, i. 203; ii. 110, 283

Kuang Hsi, ii. 271

Kuang Wu, i. 18

Kuang yao, i. 166, 172; ii. 224

Kuangtung, i. 123; ii. 78

Kuangtung wares, i. 166–173; ii. 217, 224

_Kuan-tzŭ_, the, i. 3

Kuan-yin, i. 176; ii. 18, 29, 110, 111, 156, 285

Kuan-yin vase, i. 55

Kublai Khan, i. 159

_K’uei fêng_, ii. 269, 293

_Kuei hai yü hêng chih_, i. 136

Kuei Hsing, ii. 159, 284

_Kuei lung_, ii. 292

Ku-li, ii. 209

Kümmel, Dr., i. 85

Kung-ch’un, i. 175, 176

Kung Hsien, i. 107

_Kung ming fu kuei_, ii. 294

Kunstgewerbe Museum, Berlin, i. _xxiii_, 100; ii. 51, 252

K’un-wu, i. 1

Kuo Tao-yüan, i. 39, 147

_Ku-yuëh-hsüan_, ii. 202, 215, 264

Kylin. See _Ch’i-lin_.

_Lac burgauté_, ii. 247

Lacework, ii. 246, 263

Lacquer, ii. 234, 263, 265

Laffan, Mr., ii. 118

Lambert, arms of Sir John, ii. 257

Lamp, porcelain, ii. 200

Lancastrian pottery, i. 49, 200

Landscape, ii. 296

Lang Shih-ning, ii. 122

Lang T’ing-tso, ii. 118, 121, 122

_Lang yao_, ii. 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 170, 176, 188

_Lange lijsen_, ii. 40, 136, 282

Lanterns, ii. 246, 277

Lan Tsa’i-ho, ii. 287, 289

Lao Yang, i. 26

Lao-tzŭ, ii. 40, 159, 283, 286

Lapidary, designs cut by, ii. 260

_L’Astrée_, i. 78

Laufer, Berthold, i. 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 27, 44, 55, 65, 103,
144, 182, 188, 189; ii. 41, 289, 294, 295, 296

Law’s bubble, John, ii. 260

Le Sueur, ii. 255

Leaf stencilling, i. 106

_Lei kung ch’i_, i. 199

Lei-hsiang, i. 199

_Lettres édifiantes et curieuses_, ii. 127

_Li_, a, i. 155

Li Chü-lai, ii. 228

_Li Chung-fang_, i. 175

Li Fêng-ming, i. 62

_Li hsi yai_, i. 91

Li Hung-chang, ii. 267

Li Jih-hua, ii. 65

_Li ki_, i. 44

Li Po, i. 23

_Li t’a k’an k’ao ku ou pien_, i. 41, 127; ii. 115

_Liang ch’i man chih_, i. 107

Libation cups, ii. 278

Library table apparatus, ii. 275

Life movement, i. 136

Lin-ch’ing, i. 200, 202

Lin-ch’uan, i. 164

_Ling chih_, ii. 38, 95, 286, 289

_Ling lung_ (pierced work), ii. 59, 63, 74, 76, 102

_Ling nan hui chê_, ii. 211

_Ling piao lu i_, i. 166

Lin-kuei, i. 136

Lin-tzŭ, i. 4

Lions, ii. 39, 68, 272, 286, 293

Lions, Buddhist, ii. 149, 159

Lions in peony scrolls, ii. 81

“Liquid dawn cups,” ii. 64, 219

Li-shui Hsien, i. 76

Li T’ai-po, ii. 160, 177, 185, 282, 292, 296

Literary success, symbol of, ii. 291, 299

Literature, gods of, ii. 284, 287

_Liu ch’ing jih cha_, i. 52, 60, 92, 96, 113, 132, 133

Liu Han, ii. 288, 291

Liu t’ien, i. 67, 76

Liu Yen-t’ing, i. 55, 56

Liu-hsün, i. 166

_Liu-li_, i. 17, 143, 144, 161

Liu-li-chü, i. 200, 202

Li-shui Hsien, i. 80

Liu-t’ien Shih, i. 80

Liverpool, ii. 141

Lograft, ii. 292

Lohan, i. 35; ii. 285

_Lo kan ma fei_, i. 118

Lokapalas, i. 27

Long Elizas, ii. 136, 282

Longevity, ii. 286

Longevity, emblems of, ii. 62, 289

Longevity, god of, ii. 40, 108, 159

Longevity, hills of, ii. 286

Lorenzo de Medici, i. 87

Lorenzo, Magalotti, Count, i. 178

Lotus, ii. 25, 287, 288, 296

Lotus, Indian, ii. 25

Lotus service, ii. 245

Louis XIV., ii. 252

Love chase, ii. 134

Lowestoft, i. 187; ii. 173, 250, 251, 258, 259, 260

Lo-yang, i. 16, 143; ii. 62, 285

Lu, i. 188

Lu Hung-chien, i. 107

Lu Kuei-mêng, i. 37

Lu Yü, i. 37

_Luan_, ii. 293

_Luan ch’ing_, i. 62

_Luan pai_, i. 53, 61, 62, 71

Lu-hsing, ii. 287

Lung Ch’ing, ii. 55, 56, 57

_Lung kang_, ii. 229

_Lung ma_, ii. 41, 294

Lung Nü, ii. 110

Lung Shang, i. 201

Lung-ch’üan wares, i. 45, 46, 48, 49, 61, 72, 76–88, 134, 156, 189;
ii. 94, 189

Lung-mên, ii. 284

Lustre, golden, ii. 241

Lyman’s Collection, ii. 78

Ma-Chuang, i. 194

_Ma-chün_, i. 124

Ma-k’êng, i. 201

_Ma nao_, ii. 10, 123

Ma-ts’ang, ii. 35, 59, 91

Magnolia blossom cups, i. 95

Magnolia design, ii. 134

Magpies, ii. 291, 294

_Man_, i. 31

Manchu, ii. 86

Mandarin porcelain, ii. 245, 259

Mandarin ducks, ii. 294

_Mang_, ii. 292

Manganese, ii. 98, 184

Manjusri, ii. 110, 285

Mantis, praying, ii. 295

Marbling, i. 33, 107; ii. 78

Marco Polo, i. 22, 43, 86, 188; ii. 113

Mark, spider, ii. 140

Marks, i. 207–224

Marks and symbols, miscellaneous, i. 227

Marks, cyclical, i. 210

Marks, date, i. 210

Marks, hall, i. 217–219; ii. 265

Marks, imperial, ii. 244

Marks, numerals as, i. 109

Marks of commendation, i. 187, 224, 226; ii. 6, 136

Marks of dedication, i. 224

Marks of felicitation, i. 224, 225

Marks of painters, ii. 212

Marks, palace, ii. 264

Marks, palace hall, i. 220

Marks, potters’, i. 221–222

Marks, prohibited date, i. 208

Marks, shop, i. 220; ii. 89, 113, 152

Martaban, i. 77, 88

_Martabani_, i. 77

Martin, Dr., i. 34

Massagetae, i. 144

“Mat marking,” i. 3

Mazarin, Cardinal, ii. 183

“Mazarine blue,” ii. 183

Measures, Chinese, ii. 234

Medallion bowls, ii. 264

Medici porcelain, ii. 44

_Mei hua_ (prunus), ii. 153

_Mei jên_, ii. 136, 282

_Mei p’ing_, ii. 79, 94, 95, 274

Meissen, i. _xvi_; ii. 112, 173, 251, 258, 261

Melon-shaped vases, i. 32, 97; ii. 47, 94

Metal band on mouth, i. 90

Metallic specks, i. 200

Metropolitan Museum, New York, i. _xxiii_; ii. 251

Meyer, A. B., i. 86, 87, 193

_Mi sê_ (millet colour), i. 68, 71, 99; ii. 28, 190, 199, 220,
223, 224, 225

_Miao hao_, i. 213

Milky way, ii. 291

_Mille fiori_ glass, ii. 234

_Mille fleurs_, ii. 295

Millet colour. See _Mi sê_.

Millet markings in glaze, ii. 9, 13, 93

_Ming ch’ên shih pi chou chai yü t’an_, ii. 52, 57

Ming colours, ii. 98

Ming period, porcelain assigned to, ii. 151, 155

Ming pottery, i. 194

Ming shapes, ii. 94

Ming Ti, i. 6; ii. 284

Ming Tombs, near Nanking, i. 205

Ming Yüan-Chang, ii. 303

Minister, the Chinese, ii. 233

Minoan pottery, i. 2

Mirror black, ii. 192

Miscellaneous marks and symbols, i. 227

Miscellaneous potteries, i. 184–206

Mitford Collection, ii. 121, 122

_Mo hung_, ii. 179, 225

Mohammedan blue, ii. 3, 12, 21, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 43, 44, 45,
52, 59, 66, 70, 98

Mohammedan design, ii. 31

Mohammedan flowers, ii. 31

Mombasa, i. 87

Mongols, i. 159, 165; ii. 1, 27

Monkey in design, ii. 82, 294, 297

Monkhouse, Cosmo, i. _xviii_, 55, 68, 124; ii. 26, 90, 220, 223

Months, flowers for, ii. 295

Monochrome, lustrous brown, ii. 191

Monochromes, blue, ii. 179

Monochromes, dating of, ii. 176

Monochromes, green, ii. 187, 238

Monochromes, red, ii. 177

Monochromes, yellow, ii. 189

Moon, goddess of, ii. 291

Morgan Collection, Pierpont, i. _xxiv_; ii. 29, 51, 69, 70, 79, 81,
116, 118, 156, 168, 220

Mortuary wares, i. 24

Mosaic, ii. 133

Mother-of-pearl, ii. 234, 247

Motives for painted decoration, ii. 60, 280

Mott, Mr., i. 168; ii. 177

Moulds, i. 2, 27

Mounts, metal, on porcelain, ii. 68, 69, 77

Mu Wang, Emperor, ii. 288

Mu Wang, the eight horses of, ii. 289

Muffle kiln, i. 120, 177; ii. 20, 79, 101

Munich, National Museum at, ii. 73

Musée Cernuschi, i. _xxiii_, 56

Musée Guimet, i. _xxiii_; ii. 288

Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, i. 133

“Musical cups,” i. 39, 146

Musical instruments, eight, ii. 297

Musical instruments, porcelain, ii. 201

“Mustard crackle,” ii. 220

Nagasaki, ii. 173

Nail heads, i. 53

_Namako_, i. 167

Names, potters’, i. 223

Nan (-ning Fu), i. 137

Nan-Ch’ang, i. 152

Nan-fêng Hsien, i. 98, 164

_Nan ting_, i. 89

Nanking, i. 153, 187, 202, 206

Nanking, Old, ii. 173

Nanking Pagoda, i. 202; ii. 4, 20

Nan Shan, i. 15

Nara Collection, i. 23, 25, 32

Narghili bowls, ii. 77, 278

Natural History Museum, New York, i. _xxiv_, 182

Nature worship, ii. 290, 292

Nei yao, i. 61

_Neue Rundschau_, i. 35

Neuwenhais, i. 193

New Year, Chinese, ii. 134

New York Exhibition, i. 72, 113

_Ni ku lu_, i. 218

Nicholls, Dr., i. 15, 146

_Nien hao_, i. 213, 214

Nien Hsi-yao, ii. 121, 200, 227

Nien yao, ii. 121

Nightingale Collection, ii. 75

Ninagawa, Mr., ii. 115

_Ning chai ts’ung hua_, i. 136

Ning-kuo Fu, i. 201

Ningyo-de, i. 164

North, symbol of, ii. 41

Northern Sung, i. 52, 54

Nose drinking, i. 136

Numerals as marks, i. 109, 110, 113, 114

Nur-ed-din, i. 87

Nyo-fu ware, i. 97

O. C. A. (_Oriental Ceramic Art_, by S. W. Bushell), _passim_.

_Oesterreichische Monatschrift_, i. 86

O-fu. i. 2

_O-t’u_ (white earth), ii. 107

Ogre design, ii. 133, 263, 290

Old Imari, ii. 174, 260

“Old Kochi,” i. 190

_O mi t’o fo_ (Amitabha Buddha), i. 100; ii. 302

On-biscuit decoration, ii. 242

On-glaze enamels, ii. 18, 48

“Onion green,” i. 62

Opalescence, i. 50

Openwork designs, i. 177; ii. 102, 245, 246

Opium pipes, i. 177; ii. 277

Orange, ii. 296

Orange peel markings, ii. 8, 9

Orchid Pavilion, ii. 281

_Orientalisches Archiv_, i. 145

“Oriental Lowestoft,” ii. 251

Ormolu mounts, French, ii. 146, 194

Ornament, symbolical, ii. 285

Orrock Collection, ii. 134

_Ostasiatischer Zeitschrift_, i. 27

Ou, i. 17, 37, 120, 181; ii. 65, 217

Ou, Eastern, ii. 108

Owen, ii. 76

Ox, ii. 286

Oxide of copper, i. 118, 137

Oxides, metallic, i. 49

_Pa chi hsiang_, ii. 25, 42

_Pa kua_ (Eight Trigrams), ii. 39, 41, 67, 274, 290

Pa-kwoh, i. 187

_Pa pao_ (Eight Precious Symbols), ii. 42

_Pa pei_ (handle cups), ii. 7, 23

Pa Shan, waterfalls of, ii. 43

Pagoda, porcelain, i. 202; ii. 4, 20

_Pai ma_, ii. 286, 294

_Pai-o_, i. 146

Pai-shih, ii. 211, 212, 213

_P’ai-shih-lei-p’ien_, i. 68

Pai-shui, i. 199

_Pai-ting_, i. 92, 96

Pai-t’u Chên, i. 97

_Pai-tz’ü_, ii. 109

Painted decoration, i. 161

Painted T’ang wares, i. 34

Painted ornament, i. 91

Painted red flowers, i. 136

Painted Tz’ŭ ware, i. 101, 103

Painters’ signatures and seals, ii. 164, 212

Painting, i. 33

Painting in enamels, i. 46

Painting in gold, ii. 21

Painting porcelain, system of, ii. 63, 105, 106, 163, 239

Painting, red and green, i. 104

Pak-hoi, i. 172, 173, 184

Palace hall marks, i. 220

Palace porcelain, ii. 1, 271, 293

“Palm eye” markings, i. 53; ii. 9, 93, 219

Palmette-like ornaments, i. 28

Panel decoration, ii. 133

Pan Fei, i. 24

_Pan t’o tai_ (“half bodiless”), ii. 3, 195

P’an Yo, i. 16

_Pao hsiang hua_, ii. 39, 87, 295

Pao kuo ssŭ temple, ii. 18

_Pao shao_, ii. 24, 224

_Pao shih hung_, ii. 10, 24, 59, 99, 123, 223

_Pao shih lan_, ii. 219, 224

Paper-beater, shape, ii. 268, 274

_Paragons of Filial Piety, the Twenty-Four_, ii. 134, 282

Paraphernalia, seven, ii. 297

Parian ware, ii. 266

Paris Exhibition, i, 173, 184, 187, 188, 202

Parthian coffins, i. 9

Parthians, i. 5

“Partridge cups,” i. 93, 103, 131, 132, 164

Partridges, ii. 295